Solar eclipse of November 30, 1853

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Solar eclipse of November 30, 1853
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.1763
Magnitude1.0485
Maximum eclipse
Duration268 s (4 min 28 s)
Coordinates12°S 109°W / 12°S 109°W / -12; -109
Max. width of band164 km (102 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse19:15:39
References
Saros130 (43 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)9172

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, November 30, 1853, with a magnitude of 1.0485. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 8.5 hours before perigee (on December 1, 1853, at 3:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of northern Oceania, Hawaii, southern North America, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.

Observations

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Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]

November 30, 1853 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1853 November 30 at 16:38:15.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1853 November 30 at 17:33:27.1 UTC
First Central Line 1853 November 30 at 17:34:17.3 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1853 November 30 at 17:35:07.5 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1853 November 30 at 18:31:47.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1853 November 30 at 19:10:53.1 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1853 November 30 at 19:13:50.5 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1853 November 30 at 19:15:38.7 UTC
Greatest Duration 1853 November 30 at 19:20:35.5 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1853 November 30 at 19:59:37.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1853 November 30 at 20:56:12.6 UTC
Last Central Line 1853 November 30 at 20:57:03.2 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1853 November 30 at 20:57:53.8 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1853 November 30 at 21:53:03.3 UTC
November 30, 1853 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.04851
Eclipse Obscuration 1.09938
Gamma 0.17631
Sun Right Ascension 16h27m18.6s
Sun Declination -21°44'59.0"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'13.6"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 16h27m30.3s
Moon Declination -21°34'32.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'43.7"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°01'23.6"
ΔT 7.1 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of November–December 1853
November 30
Descending node (new moon)
December 15
Ascending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 130
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 142
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Eclipses in 1853

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 130

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1852–1855

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[3]

The partial solar eclipse on January 21, 1852 occurs in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1852 to 1855
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
115 June 17, 1852

Partial
−1.1111 120 December 11, 1852

Total
0.8551
125 June 6, 1853

Annular
−0.3686 130 November 30, 1853

Total
0.1763
135 May 26, 1854

Annular
0.3918 140 November 20, 1854

Hybrid
−0.5179
145 May 16, 1855

Partial
1.1249 150 November 9, 1855

Partial
−1.2767

Saros 130

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[4]

Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200:
41 42 43

November 9, 1817

November 20, 1835

November 30, 1853
44 45 46

December 12, 1871

December 22, 1889

January 3, 1908
47 48 49

January 14, 1926

January 25, 1944

February 5, 1962
50 51 52

February 16, 1980

February 26, 1998

March 9, 2016
53 54 55

March 20, 2034

March 30, 2052

April 11, 2070
56 57 58

April 21, 2088

May 3, 2106

May 14, 2124
59 60 61

May 25, 2142

June 4, 2160

June 16, 2178
62

June 26, 2196

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

25 eclipse events between February 12, 1812 and September 18, 1895
February 11–12 November 30–December 1 September 17–19 July 7–8 April 25–26
108 110 112 114 116

February 12, 1812

September 19, 1819

July 8, 1823

April 26, 1827
118 120 122 124 126

February 12, 1831

November 30, 1834

September 18, 1838

July 8, 1842

April 25, 1846
128 130 132 134 136

February 12, 1850

November 30, 1853

September 18, 1857

July 8, 1861

April 25, 1865
138 140 142 144 146

February 11, 1869

November 30, 1872

September 17, 1876

July 7, 1880

April 25, 1884
148 150 152

February 11, 1888

December 1, 1891

September 18, 1895

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

April 4, 1810
(Saros 126)

March 4, 1821
(Saros 127)

February 1, 1832
(Saros 128)

December 31, 1842
(Saros 129)

November 30, 1853
(Saros 130)

October 30, 1864
(Saros 131)

September 29, 1875
(Saros 132)

August 29, 1886
(Saros 133)

July 29, 1897
(Saros 134)

June 28, 1908
(Saros 135)

May 29, 1919
(Saros 136)

April 28, 1930
(Saros 137)

March 27, 1941
(Saros 138)

February 25, 1952
(Saros 139)

January 25, 1963
(Saros 140)

December 24, 1973
(Saros 141)

November 22, 1984
(Saros 142)

October 24, 1995
(Saros 143)

September 22, 2006
(Saros 144)

August 21, 2017
(Saros 145)

July 22, 2028
(Saros 146)

June 21, 2039
(Saros 147)

May 20, 2050
(Saros 148)

April 20, 2061
(Saros 149)

March 19, 2072
(Saros 150)

February 16, 2083
(Saros 151)

January 16, 2094
(Saros 152)

December 17, 2104
(Saros 153)

November 16, 2115
(Saros 154)

October 16, 2126
(Saros 155)

September 15, 2137
(Saros 156)

August 14, 2148
(Saros 157)

July 15, 2159
(Saros 158)

June 14, 2170
(Saros 159)

May 13, 2181
(Saros 160)

April 12, 2192
(Saros 161)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

December 20, 1824
(Saros 129)

November 30, 1853
(Saros 130)

November 10, 1882
(Saros 131)

October 22, 1911
(Saros 132)

October 1, 1940
(Saros 133)

September 11, 1969
(Saros 134)

August 22, 1998
(Saros 135)

August 2, 2027
(Saros 136)

July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)

June 22, 2085
(Saros 138)

June 3, 2114
(Saros 139)

May 14, 2143
(Saros 140)

April 23, 2172
(Saros 141)

References

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  1. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1853 Nov 30". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  3. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  4. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.