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'{{Infobox music genre | name = Screamo | color = white | bgcolor = crimson | other_names = | image = Orchid - Stierch.jpg | caption = [[Orchid (hardcore punk band)|Orchid]] performing in 2000. | image_size = | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Emo]]|[[hardcore punk]]|[[post-hardcore]]}} | cultural_origins = Early 1990s, [[San Diego, California]], U.S. | instruments = {{flatlist| *[[Vocals]] ([[Screaming (music)|screaming]]) *[[electric guitar]] *[[Drum kit|drums]] *[[bass guitar]] }} | subgenres = | subgenrelist = | derivatives = *[[Crunkcore]] | other_topics = * [[List of screamo bands|Bands]] * [[grindcore]] * [[black metal]] * [[post-rock]] * [[powerviolence]] * [[metalcore]] }} '''Screamo''' (also referred to as '''skramz''')<ref name="metalsucks - The History of Metalcore/Screamo">{{cite web|url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2010/06/07/the-history-of-metalcorescreamo/ |title=The History of Metalcore/Screamo |publisher=MetalSucks |date=2010-06-07 |accessdate=2018-01-18}}</ref> <!---please do not remove this sourced term without explanation-->is an aggressive subgenre of [[emo]] that emerged in the early 1990s, emphasizing "willfully [[experimental music|experimental]] [[Dissonance (music)|dissonance]] and dynamics."<ref name="Heller">Jason Heller, "Feast of Reason". ''Denver Westword'', June 20, 2002. [http://www.westword.com/2002-06-20/music/feast-of-reason/print] Access date: June 15, 2008</ref> It was pioneered by [[San Diego]] bands [[Heroin (band)|Heroin]] and [[Antioch Arrow]] and developed in the late 1990s mainly by bands from the [[East Coast of the United States]] such as [[Orchid (hardcore punk band)|Orchid]], [[Saetia]], and [[Pg. 99]]. Screamo is strongly influenced by [[hardcore punk]] and characterized by the use of [[screaming (music)|screamed vocals]].<ref name="ScreamoAM">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/screamo-d13459|title=Explore style: Screamo|date=2010|publisher=AllMusic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017103638/http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/screamo-d13459|archivedate=October 17, 2010|accessdate=January 12, 2015}}</ref> Lyrical themes usually include emotional pain, death, romance, and human rights.<ref name=Jimd/> "Screamo" has often been mistakenly used as an umbrella term for any music that features screamed vocals.<ref name="ScreamoAM"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://emertainmentmonthly.com/2014/10/09/six-bands-bringing-respect-back-screamo-vocals/|title=Six Bands Bringing Respect Back to 'Screamo' Vocals|last=Morgan|first=Phillip|date=October 9, 2014|work=<!--- This is how it is spelled. Do NOT change it to "Entertainment Monthly"! --->Emertainment Monthly|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319080400/http://emertainmentmonthly.com/2014/10/09/six-bands-bringing-respect-back-screamo-vocals/|archivedate=March 19, 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="IowaSC"/> ==Terminology== While the genre was developing in the early 1990s, it was not initially called "screamo."<ref name="ebullition" /> Chris Taylor, lead vocalist for the band [[Pg. 99]], said "we never liked that whole screamo thing. Even during our existence, we tried to venture away from the fashion and tell people, 'Hey, this is [[Punk rock|punk]].'"<ref name="NPRorg">Lars Gotrich, [https://www.npr.org/blogs/allsongs/2011/08/16/139675216/pg-99-a-document-revisited ''Pg. 99: A Document Revisited'']: [[NPR Music]] Interview</ref> Jonathan Dee of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote that the term "tends to bring a scornful laugh from the bands themselves."<ref name="JohnNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/29/magazine/the-summer-of-screamo.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=The Summer of Screamo|last=Dee|first=Jonathan|date=June 29, 2003|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=September 11, 2010}}</ref> Lars Gotrich of [[NPR Music]] made the following comment on the matter in 2011:<ref name="NPRorg" /> {{cquote |The screamo scene [has] change[d] a lot in the last 10 years. There used to be more creative bands like [[Circle Takes the Square]] and [[City of Caterpillar]]. And then it took this route where screamo got really streamlined and unrecognizable to the point where someone hilariously invented the term ''skramz'' to distinguish the first wave of screamo bands.}} In the 2000s the term "screamo" began being used loosely to describe any use of human vocal instrument growled-word vocals (commonly termed [[screaming (music)|screamed vocals]]) in music.<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> It has been applied to a wide variety of genres unrelated to the original screamo scene.<ref name="Screamo">{{cite web|url=http://www.jimdero.com/OtherWritings/OtherScreamoGW.htm|title=Screamo|date=|publisher=Jimdero.com|accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref> Juan Gabe, vocalist for the band [[Comadre (band)|Comadre]], alleged that the term "has been kind of tainted in a way, especially in the States."<ref name="jan" /> Derek Miller, guitarist for the band [[Poison the Well (band)|Poison the Well]] noted the term's constant differing usages and jokingly stated that it "describes a thousand different genres."<ref name="Screamo" /> According to Jeff Mitchell of [[Iowa State Daily]], "there is no set definition of what screamo sounds like but screaming over once deafeningly loud rocking noise and suddenly quiet, melodic guitar lines is a theme commonly affiliated with the genre."<ref name="IowaSC">{{cite web|url=http://www.iowastatedaily.com/article_7c9f7210-850e-5905-af02-9bcdb2b07f3e.html|title=A Screamin' Scene|last=Mitchell|first=Jeff|date=July 26, 2001|work=[[Iowa State Daily]]|accessdate=September 11, 2010}}</ref> [[Bert McCracken]], lead singer of [[The Used]], stated that screamo is merely a term "for record companies to sell records and for record stores to categorize them."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Greenwald|first=Andy|date=21 November 2003|title=Screamo 101|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,543090,00.html|journal=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|issue=738|accessdate=2 August 2008}}</ref> ==History== ===Origins (1990s)=== [[File: Live-pg.99.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Screamo band [[Pg. 99]] performing live in Reading, Pennsylvania.]] Screamo arose as a distinct music genre in 1991, in San Diego, at the [[Ché Café]],<ref>"A Day with the Locust", ''L.A. Weekly'', September 18, 2003 {{cite web |url=http://www.brassland.org/ahb/writing/archives/2003/09/a_day_with_the.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-07-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305104850/http://www.brassland.org/ahb/writing/archives/2003/09/a_day_with_the.html |archivedate=2009-03-05 |df= }} Access date: June 19, 2008</ref> including bands such as [[Heroin (band)|Heroin]] and [[Antioch Arrow]].<ref name="godfather">{{cite web|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/aaron-montaigne-godfather-of-screamo-is-more-interesting-than-you-can-ever-hope-to-be---part-one|title=Aaron Montaigne, Godfather of Screamo, is More Interesting Than You Can Ever Hope to Be - Part One|last=Lipez|first=Zachary|date=April 19, 2013|website=Vice|publisher=Zachary Lipez|access-date=}}</ref> [[Gravity Records (US)|Gravity Records]]<ref name="AP">{{cite news| title =Blood Runs Deep: 23 A hat.| page =126| publisher =Alternative Press| date =2008-07-07}}</ref><ref>Trevor Kelley, "California Screaming". ''[[Alternative Press (music magazine)|Alternative Press]]'' 17 (2003), pp. 84-86.</ref> and [[Ebullition Records]]<ref name="ebullition">Ebullition Catalog, Portraits of Past discography. [http://www.ebullition.com/catalog32.html] Access date: August 9, 2008.</ref> released this more chaotic and expressive descendant of emo. The scene is noted for its distinctive fashion sense, inspired by [[mod (subculture)|mod]] culture.<ref name="skatepunk.net">Interview with Justin Pearson on Skatepunk.net, [http://www.skatepunk.net/articles/jpiview.html] Access date: June 13, 2008</ref> As with ''emo'', the term ''screamo'' carries some controversy among participants.<ref name="Heller" /> Many groups from the East Coast were influential in the continual development and reinvention of the style, including [[Orchid (screamo band)|Orchid]],<ref>{{cite news|quote="Orchid always was, and always will be the quintessential screamo band of the late 90s, as they encompassed everything people like me love about the genre, and throw their own unique spin on it"|author=Anchors|title=Review of Orchid's ''Totality''|date=December 27, 2005|accessdate=June 16, 2008|url=http://www.punknews.org/review/4842}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nick Catucci|title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide|year=2004|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/blackdice/biography|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}</ref> [[Pg. 99]], [[Saetia]],<ref name="RB">{{cite news|author=Ryan Buege|title=Circle Takes the Square is in the Studio|work=Metal Injection|date=June 15, 2008|url=http://metalinjection.net/latest-news/circle-takes-the-square-is-in-the-studio|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}</ref> [[City of Caterpillar]],<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> [[Jeromes Dream]], [[Circle Takes the Square]], [[Hot Cross]], and [[Ampere (band)|Ampere]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Nick Greer|title=Ampere review|work=Sputnik Music|date=August 29, 2005|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=3361|accessdate=August 9, 2008}}</ref> ===Mainstream crossover (2000s)=== [[File:MuchMusic Video Awards 2007 608.jpg|thumb|right|Screamo band The Used in 2007]] [[Image:Alexisonfire @ L3 Niteclub, January 30, 2004.jpg|thumb|[[Alexisonfire]] performing live in 2004.]] By 1995, the term "screamo" drifted into the music press, especially in the journalism of [[Jim DeRogatis]] and [[Andy Greenwald]],<ref name="Jimd">Jim DeRogatis, "Screamo", ''Guitar World'', November 2002 [http://www.jimdero.com/OtherWritings/OtherScreamoGW.htm] Access date: July 18, 2008</ref> and by the mid-2000s, the term was being applied to many newer bands.<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> Screamo bands such as [[The Used]], [[Thrice]], [[Finch (American band)|Finch]], [[Thursday (band)|Thursday]], [[Alexisonfire]], and [[Silverstein (band)|Silverstein]] developed a newer period of screamo in the 21st century.<ref name="ScreamoAM" /><ref name="Dee" /><ref name="Dee">{{cite news| last =Dee | first =Jonathan | title =The Summer of Screamo| pages =Section 6; Column 1; Magazine Desk; Pg. 26 | publisher =The New York Times | date =2003-06-29}}</ref> Thursday cited the post-punk band [[Joy Division]], and the post-hardcore band [[Fugazi]] as important influences, but also took cues from the alternative rock styles of [[Radiohead]], [[U2]], and [[The Cure]].<ref>Interview with Thursday on The PunkSite.com, {{cite web |url=http://www.thepunksite.com/interviews.php?page=thursday |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524173030/http://www.thepunksite.com/interviews.php?page=thursday |archivedate=2011-05-24 |df= }} Access date: June 13, 2008.</ref><ref>Andy Greenwald, ''[[Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers, and Emo]]'', New York: Saint Martin's Griffin, 2003, p. 153</ref> Many of these bands took influence from bands like [[Refused]] and [[At the Drive-In]].<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> In contrast to the do-it-yourself screamo bands of the 1990s, screamo bands such as Thursday and The Used have signed multi-album contracts with labels such as [[Island Def Jam]] and [[Reprise Records]].<ref>Greenwald, p. 149.</ref> However, this style's connection to the genre has been disputed, with some referring to it as "''[[MTV]] screamo''"<ref name="metalsucks - The History of Metalcore/Screamo" /> or "''pop-screamo''", and many bands more commonly being categorized as post-hardcore or [[metalcore]].<ref name="10 Defunct Pop-Screamo Bands You Totally Missed The Boat On">{{cite web|url=https://www.altpress.com/features/entry/10_defunct_pop_screamo_bands_you_totally_missed_the_boat_on |title=10 Defunct Pop-Screamo Bands You Totally Missed The Boat On - Features - Alternative Press |publisher=Altpress.com |date=2015-10-13 |accessdate=2018-01-18}}</ref> ''Alternative Press'' describes pop screamo as "[[Heavy metal music|metal]]-influenced riffs and aggressive, high-end screams filled song’s verses, while soaring melodies carried choruses to new, previously unattained heights."<ref name="10 Defunct Pop-Screamo Bands You Totally Missed The Boat On" /> The term "post-screamo" has been used loosely to describe a wide variety of music in the 2000s and later that was influenced by traditional screamo.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECsEAAAAMBAJ|title=CMJ New Music Monthly|last=Inc|first=CMJ Network|date=2004|publisher=CMJ Network, Inc.|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=|language=en|issn=1074-6978}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gazettextra.com/20170126/the_get_down_touche_amore_radiator_hospital_curse_words_bummer_jams|title=The Get Down: Touche Amore, Radiator Hospital, Curse Words, bummer jams|last=Ward|first=Xavier|date=2017-01-26|work=|access-date=2017-07-17}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/r7py5q/city-of-caterpillar-retrospective|title=Ambient Apocalypse: How City of Caterpillar Encompassed an Era|website=Noisey|language=en-us|access-date=2017-07-18}}</ref> In a review of [[City of Caterpillar]]'s influence on the genre, reporter Jason Heller of ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' writes "Call it post-screamo, if you must. Okay, maybe don’t do that. But .... the early 00s weren’t the end of an era or anything so corny. It was just a transition."<ref name=":0" /> In the mid-2000s the style of early screamo regained vitality, with American bands like [[Comadre (band)|Comadre]],<ref name="jan">{{cite web|url=http://yellowisthenewpink.com/articles_detail.php?idno=21|title=Comadre - hc/punk/screamo from redwood city/california|date=April 18, 2007|website=Yellow is the New Pink}}</ref> [[Off Minor]], and [[Hot Cross]] releasing records on independent labels. The contemporary screamo scene has remained particularly active in Europe, with bands such as Amanda Woodward,<ref>Kevin Jagernauth, ''PopMatters'', November 29, 2004. [http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/w/woodwardamanda-ladecadence.shtml] Access date: July 28, 2008.</ref> Louise Cyphre,<ref>"Altogether, our music certainly still is 'screamo'." - Sven, interview with Julien, "ShootMeAgain Webzine", 06-11-2006. [http://www.shootmeagain.com/?section=interviews&read=39&version=vo]</ref> Le Pré Où Je Suis Mort,<ref name="Alter the press 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2010/07/live-review-la-dispute-le-pre-ou-je.html|title=Live Review: La Dispute, Le Pre Ou Je Suis Mort, Maths and History, The Chantry, Canterbury - 22/06/10|publisher=Alter The Press! |date= 2010-06-22|accessdate=August 8, 2011}}</ref> [[La Quiete]], [[Daïtro]],<ref>https://music.avclub.com/embracing-the-parts-of-screamo-that-aren-t-totally-emba-1798240519</ref> and [[Raein]] all being prime examples of their scene. [[Fluff Fest]], held in Czechia since 2000, was in 2017 described by [[Bandcamp|Bandcamp Daily]] as a "summer ritual" for many fans of screamo in Europe.<ref name="bandcamp">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/09/20/czech-diy-list/|title=The Sincere and Vibrant World of the Czech DIY Scene|publisher=Bandcamp|first=Jacopo|last=Sanna|date=20 September 2017|accessdate=7 October 2017}}</ref> === Revival (2010s) === {{See also|Emo revival#Screamo revival|label 1=Screamo revival}} In the early 2010s the term "screamo" began to be largely reclaimed by a new crop of do-it-yourself bands, with many screamo acts, like [[Loma Prieta (band)|Loma Prieta]], [[Pianos Become the Teeth]], [[La Dispute (band)|La Dispute]], and [[Touché Amoré]] releasing records on fairly large independent labels such as [[Deathwish Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deathwishinc.com/bands/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010918225204/http://www.deathwishinc.com/bands/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=18 September 2001|title=Deathwish Inc.|date=18 September 2001|publisher=}}</ref> In 2011 [[Alternative Press (magazine)|''Alternative Press'']] noted that [[La Dispute (band)|La Dispute]] is "at the forefront of a traditional-screamo revival" for their critically acclaimed release [[Wildlife (La Dispute album)|''Wildlife'']].<ref name="alt la dis">{{cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/reviews/entry/la_dispute_wildlife|title=La Dispute - Wildlife - Reviews - Alternative Press|website=Alternative Press|language=en|access-date=2017-06-19}}</ref> They are a part of a group of stylistically similar screamo-revival bands self-defined as "The Wave," made up of [[Touché Amoré]], [[La Dispute (band)|La Dispute]], [[Defeater (band)|Defeater]], [[Pianos Become the Teeth]], and [[Make Do and Mend]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caughtinthecrossfire.com/music/la-dispute-interview/|title=La Dispute Interview {{!}} Features {{!}} Caught in the Crossfire|website=www.caughtinthecrossfire.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jun/29/a-to-z-of-pop-genres-2012|title=The A-Z of pop in 2012|last=Considine|first=Clare|date=2012-06-29|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-06-19|last2=Gibsone|first2=Harriet|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|last3=Pattison|first3=Louis|last4=Richards|first4=Sam|last5=Rowe|first5=Sian}}</ref> As well as, California's [[Deafheaven]], who formed in 2010, having been described as screamo, in a style similar to that of [[Envy (band)|Envy]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bayer |first1=Johan |title=Deafheaven: Sunbather |url=https://music.avclub.com/deafheaven-sunbather-1798177040 |accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref> ''[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]'' has cited a "pop screamo revival" along with this, with bands like [[Before Their Eyes]], [[The Ongoing Concept]], [[Too Close to Touch]] and [[I Am Terrified]].<ref name="10 bands who are leading the screamo revival" /> [[File:Ostraca2015.jpg|alt=Ostraca|thumb|Screamo band Ostraca performing live in 2015.]] In August 2018, ''[[Vice (magazine)|Noisey]]'' writer Dan Ozzi declared that it was the "Summer of Screamo" in a month-long series documenting screamo acts pushing the genre forward following the decline in popularity of "The Wave," as well as the reunions of seminal bands such as [[Pg. 99]], Majority Rule, [[City of Caterpillar]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.brooklynvegan.com/majority-rule-playing-reunion-tour-dates-with-pg-99-and-city-of-caterpillar/|title=Majority Rule playing reunion tour dates with pg.99 and City of Caterpillar|work=BrooklynVegan|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Jeromes Dream]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/jeromes-dream-new-lp-2018#/|title=JEROMES DREAM - NEW LP 2018|website=Indiegogo|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/ne5dm7/the-spirit-of-screamo-is-alive-and-well|title=The Spirit of Screamo Is Alive and Well|date=2018-08-01|work=Noisey|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-us}}</ref> Groups highlighted in this coverage, including Respire,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_ca/article/qvxnn5/respire-bound-premiere-interview-toronto-post-rock|title=Respire's "Bound" Is the Emotional Post-Rock and Screamo Epic We Deserve|date=2018-04-16|work=Noisey|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.invisibleoranges.com/respire-influences/|title=Ten Albums Which Fueled Respire's "Dénouement"|work=Invisible Oranges - The Metal Blog|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Youth Novel,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newnoisemagazine.com/premiere-youth-novel-stream-tracks-from-split-with-coma-regalia/|title=Premiere: Youth Novel Stream Tracks From Split with Coma Regalia|date=2016-04-01|work=New Noise Magazine|access-date=2018-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zegemabeachrecords.com/youthnovel-interview/|title=Youth Novel Interview - Zegema Beach Records|date=2014-08-01|work=Zegema Beach Records|access-date=2018-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://idioteq.com/eight-feet-under-new-8-way-screamo-split-mesmerizes-and-thrills-in-equal-measure/|title=Eight Feet Under: New 8-way Screamo Split Mesmerizes and Thrills in Equal Measure|date=2017-06-19|work=IDIOTEQ.com|access-date=2018-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://modern-vinyl.com/2014/07/15/youth-novels-debut-coming-to-tape/|title=Youth Novel’s debut coming to tape|last=Lantinen|first=Christopher|date=2014-07-15|work=Modern Vinyl|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> Ostraca,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stereogum.com/1974740/stereogums-80-favorite-songs-of-2017/franchises/2017-in-review/|title=Stereogum’s 80 Favorite Songs Of 2017|date=2017-12-11|work=Stereogum|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref> Portrayal of Guilt,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/6-new-songs-you-need-hear-week-72018|title=6 New Songs You Need to Hear This Week: 7/20/18|date=2018-07-20|work=Revolver|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clrvynt.com/portrayal-of-guilt-stream/|title=Portrayal of Guilt Resuscitate Screamo's Dangerous Potential|website=CLRVYNT|language=en|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_au/article/ywkd8x/portrayal-of-guilt-chamber-of-misery-part-i-five-inch-ep|title=Hear a Dark, Brooding Song from Portrayal of Guilt's Five-Inch Picture Disc|date=2018-07-18|work=Noisey|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-au}}</ref> Soul Glo,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://maximumrocknroll.com/issue/mrr-423/|title=MRR #423 • August 2018 {{!}} MAXIMUM ROCKNROLL|work=MAXIMUM ROCKNROLL|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref> I Hate Sex,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newnoisemagazine.com/stream-hate-sex-weird-dream-conscious/|title=Song Premiere: I Hate Sex - "Weird Dream, Conscious Stream"|date=2017-03-30|work=New Noise Magazine|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref> and Infant Island,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stereogum.com/2008298/infant-island-album-stream/music/album-stream/|title=Stream Infant Island's Thrilling Self-Titled Debut Album|date=2018-08-01|work=Stereogum|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/a3q7j5/infant-island-self-titled-album-stream|title=Infant Island Carries the Torch for Virginia’s Proud Screamo Legacy|date=2018-07-27|work=Noisey|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uproxx.com/music/best-new-rock-albums-this-week-august-3/|title=The Best New Rock Albums That Dropped This Week|date=2018-08-03|work=UPROXX|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref> had generally received positive press from large publications, but were not as widely successful as their predecessors. [[Vice (magazine)|''Noisey'']] also documented that, despite its loss of mainstream popularity and continued hold in North American scenes, particularly [[Richmond, Virginia]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/kzypvy/virginia-is-for-screamo-lovers-summer-of-screamo|title=Virginia Is for Screamo Lovers|date=2018-08-08|work=Noisey|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-us}}</ref> screamo had become a more international movement; notably spreading to Japan, France, and Sweden with groups including [[Heaven in Her Arms]], [[Birds in Row]], and Suffocate for Fuck Sake, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/pawwgz/screamo-is-taking-over-the-world-summer-of-screamo|title=Screamo Is Taking Over the World|date=2018-08-15|work=Noisey|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-us}}</ref> Also in 2018, [[Vein (band)|Vein]] released their debut album ''[[Errorzone]]'' to critical acclaim and commercial success, bringing together elements of screamo, [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]], and [[nu metal]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/how-vein-are-advancing-hardcore-eccentric-genre-busting-style|title=How Vein Are Advancing Hardcore With Eccentric, Genre-Busting Style|date=2017-10-17|work=Revolver|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2018/06/26/interview-vein-frontman-on-new-album-errorzone/|title=Interview: Vein Frontman on New Album "Errorzone" {{!}} Decibel Magazine|date=2018-06-26|work=Decibel Magazine|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/vein-errorzone/|title=Vein: Errorzone Album Review {{!}} Pitchfork|website=pitchfork.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref> This underground cohort of acts was primarily released by independent labels like Middle-Man Records<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.heavyblogisheavy.com/2016/04/07/whats-in-a-label-middle-man-records/|title=What's In A Label? Middle-Man Records - Heavy Blog Is Heavy|website=www.heavyblogisheavy.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref> in the United States, Zegema Beach Records<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.invisibleoranges.com/understanding-screamo-a-dissection/|title=Understanding Screamo: A Dissection|work=Invisible Oranges - The Metal Blog|access-date=2018-09-26|language=en-US}}</ref> in Canada, and Miss The Stars Records in Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/pawwgz/screamo-is-taking-over-the-world-summer-of-screamo|title=Screamo Is Taking Over the World|date=2018-08-15|work=Noisey|access-date=2018-09-26|language=en-us}}</ref> ==Characteristics== {{listen |filename=Bang_Yer_Head.ogg |title="Bang Yer Head" by Portraits of Past |description=An example of early screamo by [[Portraits of Past]], an influential band which helped define the genre.<ref>Telang, Veethi. ''Buzzle: Intelligent Life on the Web''. [http://www.buzzle.com/articles/good-screamo-songs.html "Good Screamo Songs"].</ref> |filename2=Thursday_Cross_Out_The_Eyes.ogg |title2="Cross Out The Eyes" by Thursday |description2=An example of screamo's influence on mainstream music, popularized by [[Thursday (band)|Thursday]] in the early 2000s.<ref name="ScreamoAM"/> |filename3=Loma_Prieta_-_Fly_By_Night.ogg |title3="Fly By Night" by Loma Prieta |description3=An example of contemporary screamo by [[Loma Prieta (band)|Loma Prieta]], featuring harsh vocals, stylistic transitions, and emotional lyrics. |filename4= |title4 = "King Park" by La Dispute |description4 = A screamo ballad by [[La Dispute (band)|La Dispute]] featuring an aggressive combination of spoken, sung, and screamed lyrics inspired by loss and despair. This album ''[[Wildlife (La Dispute album)|Wildlife]]'' is part of the traditional-screamo revival in the 2010s.<ref name="alt la dis"/> }} <!--- DO NOT remove the 4 sound files demonstrating various eras of screamo and screamo-influenced music. There are references in the body supporting each. ---> Screamo is a style of hardcore punk-influenced emo with screaming.<ref name=ScreamoAM/> Alex Henderson of [[AllMusic]] considers screamo a bridge between hardcore punk and emo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/r793934|title=Let It Enfold You - Senses Fail|last=Henderson|first=Alex|date=|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref> The term screamo is a [[portmanteau]] of the words "scream" and "emo." Screamo uses typical rock instrumentation, but is notable for its brief compositions, chaotic sounds, harmonized guitars, and screaming vocals.<ref name="SanDiegoReader">{{cite news|url=http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2006/nov/22/screamo-san-diegos-baby/|title=Screamo, San Diego's Baby|last=Keltz|first=Dryw|date=November 22, 2006|work=San Diego Reader}}</ref> Screamo is characterized "by frequent shifts in tempo and dynamics and by tension-and-release catharses."<ref name="JohnNYT" /> Some screamo music features chaotic vocals and quiet, melodic guitar lines.<ref name="IowaSC" /> Many screamo bands also incorporate ballads.<ref name="SanDiegoReader" /> According to [[AllMusic]], screamo is "generally based in the aggressive side of the overarching punk-revival scene."<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> Screamed vocals are used "not consistently, but as a kind of crescendo element, a sonic weapon to be trotted out when the music and lyrics reach a particular emotional pitch."<ref name="JohnNYT" /> Emotional singing and harsh screaming are common vocals in screamo.<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> [[File:Off_Minor_(1).jpg|thumb|left|190px|Screamo band [[Off Minor]] performing, June 2008.]] Screamo lyrics often feature topics such as emotional pain, breakups, romantic interest, politics, and human rights.<ref name="Jimd" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/12/AR2006041202059.html|title=Angst Amplified in Songs|last=Chandler|first=Michael Alison|date=April 13, 2006|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> These lyrics are usually introspective, similar to that of softer emo bands.<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted that "part of the music's appeal is its un-self-conscious acceptance of differences, respect for otherness." Some screamo bands openly demonstrate acceptance of religious, nonreligious, and [[straight edge]] lifestyles<ref name="JohnNYT" /> Screamo fashion includes shaggy "vulcan" haircuts, tight T-shirts, denim jackets and thick-rimmed glasses.<ref name="IowaSC" /> Many screamo bands in the 1990s saw themselves as implicitly political, and as a reaction against the turn to the [[right wing|right]] embodied by California politicians, such as [[Roger Hedgecock]].<ref name="skatepunk.net"/> Some groups were also unusually theoretical in inspiration: Angel Hair cited [[surrealist]] writers [[Antonin Artaud]] and [[Georges Bataille]],<ref name=Heller/> and [[Orchid (screamo band)|Orchid]] lyrically name-checked [[French new wave]] icon [[Anna Karina]], German philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], French philosopher [[Michel Foucault]], and [[critical theory]] originators [[the Frankfurt School]].<ref>Orchid, ''Dance Tonight, Revolution Tomorrow''. ''Allmusic Guide''. [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r615293|pure_url=yes}}] Access date: June 17, 2008.</ref> ==Relationship to other genres== ===Emoviolence=== [[File:Circle Takes the Square Leipzig 2012 2.jpg|thumb|[[Circle Takes the Square]], whose style borders on [[grindcore]] and [[post-rock]], gained considerable acclaim with the 2004 album ''[[As the Roots Undo]]''.]] Many screamo bands borrow the extreme dissonance, speed, and chaos of [[powerviolence]]. As a result, the term '''emoviolence''' was half-jokingly coined by the band In/Humanity to describe the fusion of the two styles which applied to themselves, as well as other bands including [[Pg. 99]],<ref name="HBIH">{{cite web|last1=Tiernan (2015-07-15)|first1=Jack|title=Starter Kit: Screamo/Emoviolence|url=http://www.heavyblogisheavy.com/2015/07/15/starter-kit-screamoemoviolence/|website=heavyblogisheavy.com|publisher=Heavy Blog Is Heavy|accessdate=2017-05-07}}</ref> [[Orchid (screamo band)|Orchid]],<ref name="Grindcore special" /> [[Reversal of Man]],<ref name="Grindcore special" /> [[Usurp Synapse]],<ref name="AMGUS">{{cite web|last1=Morris|first1=Kurt|title=Usurp Synapse - Disinformation Fix|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/disinformation-fix-mw0000773682|website=allmusic.com|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=2017-05-07}}</ref> and RentAmerica.<ref name="I/HVRPM">{{cite web|url=http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/i/inhumanity-violent.shtml|title=CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE is in the studio|author=Jason Thompson|date=15 June 2008|publisher=PopMatters|accessdate=18 May 2011|quote=}}</ref><ref name="zine 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.collective-zine.co.uk/reviews/?id=3952|title=La Quiete - the Apoplexy Twist Orchestra split (Heroine Records)|author= Andy Malcolm|publisher=Collective Zine|date= |accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> Additionally, bands such as Orchid, Reversal of Man, and [[Circle Takes the Square]] tend to be much closer in style to [[grindcore]] than their forebears.<ref name="Grindcore special">{{cite journal |date=22 September 2010 |last= Greg|first= Pratt|title= Altered States, Grindcore Special part 2|journal=[[Terrorizer (magazine)|Terrorizer]] |issue=181 |page= 43|pages= |publisher=Miranda Yardley |location=[[United Kingdom]] |quote= Another interesting sub-subgenre was this strange crossover of first-generation [[emo]] and [[Grindcore|grind]]. Bands like Reversal of Man or Orchid may not have stood the test of time, but it was a pretty cool sound at the time and one that was pretty uniquely American}}</ref><ref name="CTTS Studio">{{cite web|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/latest-news/circle-takes-the-square-is-in-the-studio|title=CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE is in the studio|date=15 June 2008|website=Metal Injection|accessdate=18 July 2011|quote=...CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE have retained their integrity and stayed true to the grind influenced experimental, progressive hardcore soundscapes that defined the screamo albums of the early part of the millennium.}}</ref> ===Post-screamo=== Bands including [[City of Caterpillar]], Circle Takes the Square, [[Envy (band)|Envy]], [[Funeral Diner]], [[Pianos Become the Teeth]],<ref name="rocksound 1">{{cite news|url=http://www.rocksound.tv/reviews/article/pianos-become-the-teeth-old-pride|title=Pianos Become The Teeth - Old Pride Reviews Rock blood on the dance floor is an example of screamo sound|author=Andrew Kelham|publisher=[[Rock Sound]]|date= January 21, 2010|accessdate= September 1, 2011}}</ref> Respire,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_uk/article/qvxnn5/respire-bound-premiere-interview-toronto-post-rock|title=Respire's "Bound" Is the Emotional Post-Rock and Screamo Epic We Deserve|last1=Wilson|first1=Daniel G.|website=[[Vice Media]]|accessdate=23 September 2018}}</ref> and Le Pré Où Je Suis Mort<ref name="Alter the press 1"/><ref name="interpunk 1">{{cite news|url=http://www.interpunk.com/item.cfm?Item=155110&|title=Interpunk.com - The Ultimate Punk Music Store! Le Pre Ou Je Suis Mort|author=|publisher=Interpunk|date= January 15, 2008|accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> have incorporated [[post-rock]] elements into their music. This fusion is characterized by abrupt changes in pace, atmospheric and harmonic instrumentation, and distorted vocals.<ref name="interpunk 1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinnaclemagazine.tv/?p=155|title=Single State of Man – s/t LP|author=Benjamin|publisher=Pinnacle Magazine|accessdate=September 1, 2011|date=January 10, 2009}}</ref> Similarly, bands such as [[Bosse-de-Nage]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gibbons |first1=Jared |title="Further Still" - Bosse-de-Nage [Full Album Stream + Zumic Review] |url=https://zumic.com/further-still-bosse-de-nage-full-album-stream-and-zumic-review |accessdate=23 September 2018}}</ref> [[Deafheaven]], [[Heaven in Her Arms]], and the aforementioned group [[Envy (band)|Envy]], use elements of [[shoegazing]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=Andy |title=Heaven in Her Arms White Halo |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/heaven-in-her-arms-white-halo/ |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |accessdate=23 September 2018}}</ref> ===Sass=== {{Infobox music genre | name = Sass | color = white | bgcolor = crimson | other_names = | image = Blood Brothers 1live.jpg | caption = Sass band [[The Blood Brothers (band)|The Blood Brothers]] performing live in 2003 | image_size = | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Screamo|[[hardcore punk]]|[[post-hardcore]]|[[dance-punk]]|[[heavy hardcore]]|[[metalcore]]|[[grindcore]]|[[post-punk]]|[[new wave]]|[[disco]]|[[electronic music|electronic]]}} | cultural_origins = Late 1990s to early 2000s | instruments = {{flatlist| *[[Vocals]] ([[Screaming (music)|screaming]]) *[[electric guitar]] *[[Drum kit|drums]] *[[bass guitar]] *[[keyboard instrument|keyboards]] *[[synthesizer|synthesizers]] }} | subgenres = | subgenrelist = | derivatives = | other_topics = *[[Electronicore]] *[[mathcore]] *[[queercore]] *[[synth-punk]] }} '''Sass''' (also known as '''sassy screamo''', '''sasscore''',<ref name="SYWh" /> '''sassgrind'''<ref>https://youdontneedmaps.wordpress.com/2017/01/06/on-the-subject-of-sass/</ref> or '''dancey screamo''')<ref>{{cite web |last1=PREIRA |first1=MATT |title=Ten Best Screamo Bands From Florida |url=https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/music/ten-best-screamo-bands-from-florida-6436756/2 |website=[[New Times Broward-Palm Beach]] |accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref> is a style of [[hardcore punk]] and screamo that emerged in the later-1990s and early-2000s.<ref name="SYWh">{{cite journal |title=what was it like to be a cool person in hardcore 10-15 years ago the historiography of sass |journal=Stuff you will hate |date=2015}}</ref><ref name="A.V. Club">{{cite web |last1=Warwick |first1=Kevin |title=All that sass: The albums that define the ‘00s dance-punk era |url=https://music.avclub.com/all-that-sass-the-albums-that-define-the-00s-dance-pu-1798248825 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |accessdate=9 February 2019}}</ref> It originated as an opposing style of hardcore punk to the machismo in [[heavy hardcore]] scenes.<ref>https://youdontneedmaps.wordpress.com/2017/01/06/on-the-subject-of-sass/</ref> It takes influence from genres such as [[post-punk]], [[new wave]], [[disco]], [[electronic music|electronic]],<ref name="SYWh" /> [[dance-punk]]<ref name="A.V. Club" /> emoviolence, [[grindcore]], [[metalcore]] and heavy hardcore. The genre is characterized by often incorporating overtly [[gay]] and flamboyant mannerisms, erotic lyrics featuring sexual tension, and a lisping vocal style.<ref>{{cite web |last1=ROA |first1=RAY |title=WTF is sasscore, and why is SeeYouSpaceCowboy bringing it to St. Petersburg's Lucky You Tattoo? |url=https://www.cltampa.com/music/show-previews/article/21012214/wtf-is-sasscore-and-why-is-seeyouspacecowboy-bringing-it-to-st-petersburgs-lucky-you-tattoo |website=[[Creative Loafing]] |accessdate=9 February 2019}}</ref> The genre is also noted for its "spastic edge", [[blast beats]], chaotic guitars, danceable beats and the use of synthesizers.<ref>https://youdontneedmaps.wordpress.com/2017/01/06/on-the-subject-of-sass/</ref> Sass bands include [[The Blood Brothers (band)|the Blood Brothers]], [[Q and Not U]], [[Black Eyes (band)|Black Eyes]], [[The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower]], [[These Arms Are Snakes]], [[An Albatross]], [[XBXRX]], [[Death from Above (band)|Death from Above]], [[The Number Twelve Looks Like You]], [[Gatefold (album)|Gatefold ]]-era [[Orchid (hardcore punk band)|Orchid]], [[Milemarker (band)|Milemarker]]<ref name="SYWh" /> and [[SeeYouSpaceCowboy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/seeyouspacecowboy-meet-sasscore-band-rallying-marginalized-people-bite-back|title=SeeYouSpaceCowboy: Meet "Sasscore" Band Rallying Marginalized People to "Bite Back"|last1=Adams|first1=Gregory|date=2018-08-14|website=[[Revolver (magazine)]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=9 February 2019}}</ref> ===Pop screamo=== "Pop screamo" and "[[MTV]] screamo" are terms used to describe bands taking influence from screamo as well as use of [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] riffs, [[pop music|pop]] song structure, and elements from pioneering [[metalcore]] and [[mathcore]] acts. The style developed and gained mainstream success in the early-2000s.<ref name="10 Defunct Pop-Screamo Bands You Totally Missed The Boat On" /><ref name="metalsucks - The History of Metalcore/Screamo" /><ref name="10 Bands Who Will Influence The Inevitable Pop-Screamo Revival Of 2017" /> The scene was led by bands such as [[Thursday (band)|Thursday]], [[Hawthorne Heights]], [[Taking Back Sunday]], [[Saves The Day]]<ref name="metalsucks - The History of Metalcore/Screamo" /> [[The Used]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Luke O’Neil |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2306500/the-used-cry-video/ |title=The Used Usher In A Pop-Screamo Revival With Their Post-Apocalyptic Video For 'Cry' |publisher=MTV |date=2014-01-27 |accessdate=2018-01-18}}</ref> [[Senses Fail]], [[Silverstein (band)|Silverstein]], [[Chiodos]], [[From First to Last]], [[Saosin]], [[Thrice (band)|Thrice]] and [[Finch (American band)|Finch]]<ref name="10 Bands Who Will Influence The Inevitable Pop-Screamo Revival Of 2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.altpress.com/features/entry/10_bands_who_will_influence_the_inevitable_pop_screamo_revival_of_2017 |title=10 Bands Who Will Influence The Inevitable Pop-Screamo Revival Of 2017 - Features - Alternative Press |publisher=Altpress.com |date=2014-01-24 |accessdate=2018-01-18}}</ref> and now-defunct less-known bands such as [[Before Their Eyes]], [[Here I Come Falling]], Agraceful, [[Yesterdays Rising]], [[Chasing Victory]], [[Beloved (band)|Beloved]], [[Dead Poetic]], [[Burden of a Day]] and [[Sever Your Ties]].<ref name="10 Defunct Pop-Screamo Bands You Totally Missed The Boat On"/> The genre, also, had a revival in 2010s, including outfits such as [[Before Their Eyes]], [[The Ongoing Concept]], [[Too Close to Touch]], [[I Am Terrified]].<ref name="10 bands who are leading the screamo revival">{{cite web|url=https://www.altpress.com/features/entry/10_bands_who_are_leading_the_screamo_revival|title=10 bands who are leading the screamo revival - Features - Alternative Press|website=Alternative Press|accessdate=6 January 2018}}</ref> ''Alternative Press'' describes pop screamo as "[[Heavy metal music|metal]]-influenced riffs and aggressive, high-end screams filled song’s verses, while soaring melodies carried choruses to new, previously unattained heights."<ref name="10 Defunct Pop-Screamo Bands You Totally Missed The Boat On" /> as well as "Poppy emo music with screaming in it that captured mainstream attention in the mid-2000s".<ref name="10 Bands Who Will Influence The Inevitable Pop-Screamo Revival Of 2017" /> Furthermore, many of these groups bands are more commonly categorized as post-hardcore or metalcore.<ref name="10 Defunct Pop-Screamo Bands You Totally Missed The Boat On" /> ===Crunkcore=== <!---Do not remove this mention of Crunkcore. Although disputed, it is thoroughly sourced. A comment has been added regarding the dispute, and therefore genre is not listed as a fusion in the infobox, but is only briefly mentioned here.--->[[Crunkcore]], also called "screamo-crunk," is a music genre that combines [[crunk]] with the typical vocal style of screamo.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2008/jul/22/screamomeetscrunkwelcometo|title=Screamo meets crunk? Welcome to Scrunk!|first=John|last=McDonnell|date=22 July 2008|website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref name=about.com>{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Ryan|title=Crunkcore|url=http://punkmusic.about.com/od/punktionary/g/Crunckore.htm|work=[[About.com]]|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="student life">{{cite web|last=Coquillette|first=Cici|title=In Defense of Screamo crunk|url=http://www.studlife.com/cadenza/2009/04/27/in-defense-of-screamo-crunk/|work=[[Student Life (newspaper)|Student Life]]|publisher=Washington University Student Media|accessdate=19 June 2013|date=27 April 2009}}</ref><ref name="badger herald">{{cite web|last=Lampiris|first=Steve|title=Latest music genre unlikely to get many listeners 'crunk'|url=http://badgerherald.com/artsetc/2009/04/14/latest_music_genre_u.php|work=[[The Badger Herald]]|publisher=The Badger Herald|accessdate=19 June 2013|date=14 April 2009}}</ref> However, its association with the original screamo genre has been disputed due to the rampant misuse of the term.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/monitormix/2009/11/genre_dictionary_20002009_from.html|title=Genre Dictionary, 2000-09: From Crabcore To S---gaze|work=NPR.org|access-date=2017-06-16|language=en}}</ref> ==See also== * [[List of screamo bands]] * [[Post-hardcore]] * [[Powerviolence]] * [[Grindcore]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} {{hardcorepunk}} {{emo}} [[Category:Emo]] [[Category:1990s in music]] [[Category:Hardcore punk genres]] [[Category:Screamo]]'