First Lord of the Treasury

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The English Treasury seems to have come into existence around 1126, in the reign of Henry I. The treasury emerged out of the royal household, and served as the location where the king kept his treasures. The head of the treasury was called the Lord Treasurer. Starting in Tudor times, the Lord Treasurer became one of the chief officers of state, and competed with the Lord Chancellor for the principal place.

Beginning in the 17th Century, the Treasury was frequently entrusted to a commission, rather than to a single individual, and after 1714, it was always in commission. The commissioners were referred to as Lords of the Treasury, and given a number based on seniority. Eventually, the First Lord of the Treasury came to be seen as the natural head of any minister, and from Robert Walpole on, began to be known, unofficially, as the prime minister. Before 1827, the First Lord of the Treasury, when a commoner, also held the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer, while if the First Lord was a peer, the 2nd Lord would usually serve as Chancellor. Since 1827, the Chancellor of the Exchequer has always been second Lord of the Treasury.

Lord Treasurers and Commissioners of the Treasury, 1126-present

September 6, 1780: Commission

    • Frederick North, Lord North (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • William Henry, Lord Westcote
    • Henry Temple, Viscount Palmerston
    • Sir Richard Sutton
    • John Buller
  • March 27, 1782: Commission
  • July 13, 1782: Commission
  • April 4, 1783: Commission
  • December 27, 1783: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • James Preston, Marquess of Graham
    • John Buller
    • Edward James Elliot
    • John Aubrey
  • September 19, 1786
  • April 8, 1789
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Edward James Elliot
    • Richard Wellesley, 2nd Earl of Mornington
    • John Jeffreys Pratt, Viscount Bayham
    • Henry Bathurst, Lord Apsley
  • June 20, 1791
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Edward James Elliot
    • Richard Wellesley, 2nd Earl of Mornington
    • John Jeffreys Pratt, Viscount Bayham
    • Richard Hopkins
  • June 22, 1793: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Richard Wellesley, 2nd Earl of Mornington
    • John Jeffreys Pratt, Viscount Bayham
    • Richard Hopkins
    • Hon. John Thomas Townshend
  • May 7, 1794: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Richard Wellesley, 2nd Earl of Mornington
    • Richard Hopkins
    • Hon. John Thomas Townshend
    • John Smyth
  • February 3, 1797: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Richard Wellesley, 2nd Earl of Mornington
    • Hon. John Thomas Townshend
    • John Smyth
    • Sylvester Douglas
  • August 3, 1797: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Hon. John Thomas Townshend
    • John Smyth
    • Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie
    • Charles Small Pybus
  • July 28, 1800: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • John Smyth
    • Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie
    • Charles Small Pybus
    • Lord Granville Leveson Gower
  • December 9, 1800: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • John Smyth
    • Charles Small Pybus
    • Lord Granville Leveson Gower
    • John Hiley Addington
  • March 21, 1801: Commission
    • Henry Addington (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • John Smyth
    • Charles Small Pybus
    • Lord George Thynne
    • Nathaniel Bond
  • July 5, 1802: Commission
    • Henry Addington (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Charles Small Pybus
    • Lord George Thynne
    • Nathaniel Bond
    • John Hiley Addington
  • November 13, 1803: Commission
    • Henry Addington (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Charles Small Pybus
    • Lord George Thynne
    • Nathaniel Bond
    • Hon. William Brodrick
  • November 19, 1803: Commission
    • Henry Addington (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Lord George Thynne
    • Nathaniel Bond
    • Hon. William Brodrick
    • Edward Golding
  • May 16, 1804: Commission
    • Hon. William Pitt (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • George, Lord Lovaine
    • James Edward, Viscount Fitzharris
    • Charles Long
    • George Spencer-Churchill, Marquess of Blandford
  • February 10, 1806: Commission
  • March 31, 1807: Commission
  • September 16, 1807: Commission
    • William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (First Lord)
    • Hon. Spencer Perceval (Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • John Foster
    • Hon. William Eliot
    • Hon. Richard Ryder
  • December 2, 1807: Commission
    • William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (First Lord)
    • Hon. Spencer Perceval (Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • John Foster
    • Hon. William Brodrick
    • Hon. William Eliot
    • Snowden Barne
  • December 6, 1809: Commission
    • Hon. Spencer Perceval (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • John Foster
    • Hon. William Brodrick
    • Hon. William Eliot
    • John Otway, Earl of Desart
    • Snowden Barne
  • June 23, 1810: Commission
    • Hon. Spencer Perceval (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • John Foster
    • Hon. William Brodrick
    • Hon. William Eliot
    • Snowden Barne
    • Hon. Berkeley Paget
  • January 6, 1812: Commission
    • Hon. Spencer Perceval (First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer)
    • Hon. William Wellesley Pole
    • Hon. William Brodrick
    • Snowden Barne
    • Hon. Berkeley Paget
    • Richard Wellesley

incomplete

Sources

  • E.B. Fryde, D.E. Greenway, S. Porter, and I. Roy, ed. Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition
  • Haydn, Joseph Timothy. The Book of Dignities (1894)