2006 United States elections

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The 2006 United States midterm elections were held on Tuesday, November 7 2006. All United States House of Representatives seats and one third of the United States Senate seats were contested in this election, as well as 36 state governorships, many state legislatures, four territorial legislatures and many state and local races. The final result was a turnover of both the House of Representatives and the Senate from the Republicans to the Democrats.

Exit polls indicated that, although a majority of Americans who voted in the midterm election disapproved of the war in Iraq, corruption was their most influential concern and national issues mattered to them more than local ones.[1]

Summary of results

The Democratic Party won a majority of the state governorships[2] and the U.S. House and Senate seats each for the first time since 1994, an election-year commonly known as the "Republican Revolution". For the first time in the history of the United States, no Democratic incumbent lost, nor did Republicans capture any open House, Senate, or Gubernatorial seat previously held by a Democrat.[3]

Democrats held a 231-198 advantage in the House of Representatives with six seats undecided, and a 51-49 advantage in the United States Senate. The Senate figure includes two candidates who ran as independent candidates: one who pledged to align with Democrats and another who lost the Democratic primary but won the general election as an independent.[4] The final Senate result was decided when Democrat James Webb was declared the winner in Virginia against incumbent George Allen by the Associated Press.[5] On November 9, 2006, Allen and fellow Republican incumbent Sen. Conrad Burns (Mont.) both conceded defeat, ceding control of the Senate to the Democrats.[6][7]

The election has Nancy Pelosi (D-California) poised to become the first-ever female and first-ever Californian Speaker of the House[8] and Harry Reid (D-Nevada) the first Mormon Senate Majority Leader.[9] Keith Ellison (D-Minnesota) became the first Muslim ever elected to the U.S. Congress[10] and Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii) and Hank Johnson (D-Georgia) became the first Buddhists in a United States governing body.[11]. Seven states banned recognition of same-sex marriage, while Arizona became the first state to reject such a ballot initiative.[12] South Dakota rejected a ban on abortion under almost any circumstances, which was intended to overturn federal constitutional abortion-rights nationwide by setting up a strong test case that proponents hoped would lead to the overruling of Roe vs. Wade.[13]

Federal results

The Democrats gained six Senate seats by defeating Republican senators in the states of Missouri, Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia. The Democrats secured a 51-49 majority in the Senate (Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut and Senator-elect Bernie Sanders of Vermont are Independents who likely will vote with Democrats on caucus issues). For the first time since the midterm elections of 1994, the Democratic Party gained control of both houses of the United States Congress.

United States House of Representatives

All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election.

Main article: United States House elections, 2006

Template:United States House election, 2006

United States Senate

The 33 seats in the United States Senate Class 1 were up for election.

Main article: United States Senate elections, 2006

Template:United States Senate election, 2006

State results

Governors

Main article: United States gubernatorial elections, 2006

Of the 50 United States governors, 36 were up for election. Twenty two of those contested seats were held by Republicans, and the remaining 14 were held by Democrats. Of the 36 governorships up for election, ten were open due to retirement, term limits, or primary loss. Atlhough most governors serve four-year terms, the two exceptions, Vermont and New Hampshire, elect governors to two-year terms. As a result of the 2006 gubernatorial elections, there are now 28 Democratic governors and 22 Republican governors, a reversal of the numbers held by the respective parties prior to the elections.

State legislatures

Nearly all state legislatures were up for election. Prior to the general elections, with the exception of the nonpartisan Nebraska Legislature, 21 legislatures were controlled by Republicans, 19 by Democrats, and nine split legislatures (where both houses are controlled by different parties). As a result of the 2006 elections, 23 legislatures were carried by Democrats, 17 by Republicans, and 9 legislatures were split. Democrats gained control of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the Minnesota Legislature, the Iowa General Assembly and the New Hampshire General Court. Meanwhile, Republicans gained control of the Oklahoma Legislature. Despite the Oklahoma gain, Republicans lost their majorities in the Wisconsin Legislature, the Michigan Legislature and the Indiana General Assembly, turning those legislatures into split bodies.

Democrats gained or retained control of the State Legislatures and Governorships of 16 states, thus creating one-party Government in Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington, and West Virginia. Republicans now control 10 State Governments, these being Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Missouri, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Utah. [14]

In Montana, Rick Jore made history becoming the first Constitution Party (United States) candidate from any state to be elected to the state legislature, capturing the seat in Montana’s 12th District. Jore actually won in 2004 by three votes, only to see the courts throw out enough ballots to give the Democrat the victory. This year, in a rematch, he won convincingly, garnering 56.2% of the vote. [15]

The most dramatic change in party control occurred with the New Hampshire General Court, where Republicans held a 92 seat majority in the lower House and an eight seat majority in the upper Senate prior to the election. By the end of the evening, Republicans had lost 81 seats in the House and five in the Senate, giving control of the General Court to the Democrats.

Ballot initiatives

Voters weighed in on various ballot initiatives. These included: raising the minimum wage, which passed in all six states with such referendums (AZ, CO, MO, MT, NV, OH); banning the recognition of same-sex marriage, passing in seven out of eight states (Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin, with Arizona voting against the proposition); legalizing marijuana, failing in both states with such referendums for use for unconditional reasons (Colorado, Nevada) as well as for medical use only (South Dakota); restricting affirmative action, passing in Michigan; requiring parental notification before an abortion for minors, failing in both states with such referendums (California, Oregon); banning nearly all abortions, including those for victims of rape and incest, which failed in South Dakota; Instant-runoff voting, which passed in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota; and a referendum to ease restrictions on wine sales in Massachusetts, which failed. In California, voters endorsed a $37 billion package of bonds (Propositions 1A through 1E) to pay for transportation projects, housing, levee repairs and other infrastructure -- said to be the largest program of its kind in U.S. history.[16]

Local elections

Numerous other elections for local, city, and county public offices were held.

A strange local election occurred in South Dakota; Marie Steichen was elected to Jerauld County commissioner, despite the fact that she died two months before the election. Her name was never replaced on the ballot, and voters who chose her were aware of her death.[17]

In Richmond, California, a city of more than 100,000 residents, the Green Party challenger, city councilperson Gayle McLaughlin, unseated Democratic incumbent Irma Anderson and will now become the first Green Party mayor of a city of that size. [18]

Two candidates in Nevada’s branch of the Constitution Party (United States), called the Independent American Party (Nevada), were also elected to office. Jackie Berg was elected Eureka County Clerk with 54.1% of the vote, easily topping Republican and Libertarian opposition. Also, Cel Ochoa will be the new constable in Searchlight, Nevada by virtue of winning 54.93% of the vote to defeat her Republican rival. Another Nevada Independent Party member, Bill Wilkerson, was elected to the Elko, Nevada School Board, in a non-partisan race.[19]

In Missoula County, Montana, residents passed a measure to encourage the County Sheriff's Department to make marijuana enforcement a last priority.[20]

In Dallas County, Texas, Democrats regained control in 41 out of 42 contested GOP judgeships, as well as the district attorney's office and the county judge's seat. [21]

Election irregularities

There were scattered reports of problems at polling places across the country as new electronic voting systems were introduced in many states. The problems ranged from voter and election official confusion about how to use new voting machines to apparent political dirty tricks designed to keep certain voters from casting their votes to inclement weather suppressing turnout.

Some reported irregularities:

[Waldenberg, Arkansas mayoral candidate, Randy Wooten, gets no votes despite voting for himself.[27][28]

  • Report of a "straight vote" for Democrats including non-Democrats in York County, Pennsylvania.[29]
  • In the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area, officials could not verify that voting machines were secure and did not already have votes in them.[30]
  • Voting-machine problems kept polls open until nine o'clock pm, an hour later than scheduled, in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.[31]
  • A man in Allentown, PA smashed an electronic voting machine with a paperweight. The votes were recovered.[32]
  • Poll workers struggled with e-ballots in several states.[33]
  • In a small town in Oklahoma, a power outage in a polling station was caused by a squirrel gnawing on a power cable.[34]
  • Officials and experts reported electronic voting machine malfunctions in Indiana, Ohio, New Jersey, Colorado and Florida.[35]
  • A bomb threat at East High School caused a voting shutdown in Madison, Wisconsin.[36]
  • A Kentucky poll worker was charged with choking a voter.[37]
  • Programming errors and inexperience dealing with electronic voting machines caused delays in Indiana, Ohio and Florida. About 175 of 914 precincts turned to paper ballots in Indiana's Marion County.[38]
  • Vandals chained the main door and broke keys into the locks of New Jersey Republican candidate for Senate Tom Kean Jr.'s headquarters. Accusations have been made towards Democratic incumbent Bob Menendez, but they deny any involvement in the situation.[39]
  • Disabled voters were asked by election officials in Bonneville County, Idaho to use punch card ballots.[40]
  • Irregularities with Diebold and other voting machines have been reported in the early elections.[41][42]
  • The Chicago Board of Elections has been running a Web site that has allowed, by a simple programming hack, the exposure of personal information of a million registered voters. (Fixed on 21 October 2006)[43]
  • Reports from Virginia:[44]
    • FBI looking into possible Va. voter intimidation.[45]
    • Calls that voting will lead to arrest.
    • Telling voters that their polling location has changed.
    • Fliers in Buckingham county say “Skip the election”
    • Voting machine problems.
  • Vote flipping of voting machines in several states.[46][47][48][49]
  • Demonstration of crackable Diebold voting machine in HBO's documentary Hacking Democracy.[50][51]
  • On Election day November 7, talk show host Laura Ingraham prompted listeners (audio) to jam the Democratic Voter Protection hotline where voting problems were to be reported,[52] reminiscent of the 2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal.
  • In Maryland, some voters were given sample ballots by Republican supporters that incorrectly listed Republicans Robert Ehrlich and Michael Steele as Democrats.[53]
  • In Sarasota County, Florida, a large number of undervotes for the close 13th congressional district race, coupled with reports of voting machine problems on that part of the ballot, leads to Florida's Secretary of State to send a team to audit the result and possible recount.[54]
  • Electronic voting machine problems in Kane County, Illinois kept the polls open until 8:30pm CST, one and a half hours later than scheduled.[55]
  • In western Washington, flooding from heavy rainfall interfered with the elections.[56]


A database of reported problems can also be found at Voters Unite.

Ramifications

Many political analysts concluded that the results of the election were based around President George W. Bush's policies in the War in Iraq and corruption in Congress.[57][58] At a press conference given to address the election results, President Bush called the cumulative results of the election a "thumpin'" by the Democrats.[59]

Democratic agenda

Democrats have promised an agenda that includes withdrawing from the war in Iraq,[60] raising the minimum wage, implementing all of the 9/11 Commission recommendations, eliminating subsidies for oil companies, restricting lobbyists, repealing tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans, lowering interest rates on college loans, expanding stem-cell research, investigating political appointees for actions taken during and leading to the war in Iraq, allowing current tax cuts to expire,[61] and negotiating Medicare prescription drug prices. They plan to legislate these issues within their first 100 legislative hours of power in January 2007.[62] According to Brian Wright, president of Democrasource, LLC (an Ohio based national political consulting group), “There’s no question, the administration and Iraq set the tone for this year."

Six point plan

Prior to the election in July 2006 Democrats unveiled a six-point plan they promised to enact if elected with congressional majorities. The plan was billed the "Six for 06 agenda" and officially called "A New Direction For America"[63] and compared to the 1994 Republican "Contract with America"[64]. The six-points of the plan include: "honest leadership and open government, real security, energy independence, economic prosperity and educational excellence, a healthcare system that works for everyone, and retirement security".[65]

  • Real security
    • In regards to "real security" they propose a "phased redeployment" of U.S. forces from Iraq, doubling the size of U.S. military special forces to capture Osama Bin Laden and destroy terrorist groups such as al Qaeda, and implementing the 9/11 Commission proposals to secure the national borders of the United States and screen every container arriving at U.S. ports.
  • Economic prosperity and educational excellence
    • Democratic plans for economic prosperity include ending the congressional pay raise until the federal minimum wage is raised and withholding tax breaks from U.S. companies that outsource jobs to foreign countries. Within education they plan to cut college loan rates, expand federal grants, and ensure that funds used for college tuition are not taxed.
  • Energy independence
    • The Democratic plan for achieving an end to American dependence on foreign countries for oil consists of repealing tax incentives given to oil companies, higher penalties for price gouging gasoline products, increasing tax incentives and funding for the research and development of technologies intended to improve fuel-efficiency and creating viable alternative fuel supplies such as biofuels.

Domestic

Donald Rumsfeld

With apparent reference to the impact of the Iraq war policy, in a press conference held on November 8, Bush talked about the election and announced the resignation of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Bush stated, "I know there's a lot of speculation on what the election means for the battle we're waging in Iraq. I recognize that many Americans voted last night to register their displeasure with the lack of progress being made there." Prior to the election, Bush had stated that he intended to keep Rumsfeld on as Secretary of Defense until the end of his Presidency. However, Bush then went on to add Rumsfeld's resignation was not due to the Democratic victories on November 8. Rumsfeld's job reportedly had been on the line for several months prior to the election, and the decision for him to stay until after the election, if he was going to be let go at all, was also reportedly made several months earlier. All this led to his resignation.[66]

Republican leadership

On the same day, then Speaker of the House, Representative Dennis Hastert of the 14th Congressional District of Illinois, said he would not seek the Minority Leader position for the 110th Congress.

In the aftermath of the election The Weekly Standard published a number of articles highly critical of how the Republican Party had managed the United States Congress. It called the electoral defeat for the G.O.P. "only a little short" of "devastating" saying the "party of reform... didn't reform anything" and warned that the Democratic Party has expanded its "geographical sphere of Democratic power" to formerly Republican-held states such as Montana, Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota while it solidified New England. In the New England region, Republicans now only control a single district, the CT-04 seat held by Chris Shays, out of 22 congressional districts.

The Democratic expansion into Indiana, Virginia, and Ohio has "seriously diminished the chances for future Republican success" it claimed. The paper, which has been described as the "quasi-official organ of the Bush Administration"[67] also stated that more people would have to "bendover" to get anywhere in a political office and has called on Republicans to move to the center for the sake of the party's future viability saying "conservatives won't want to hear this, but the Republican who maneuvered his way into the most impressive victory... won ... after moving to the center" and that "the South is not enough space to build a national governing majority".[68][69]

International

Asia

  • China
    • The government of the People's Republic of China is said to be nervous about the effect a Democratic-led Congress might have on its exports to the United States market and the possible controversy that could result because of the country's human rights record. Nancy Pelosi, who is expected to become the Speaker of the House, is a noted critic of Chinese policy. Concerns likely to be raised include the undervalued Chinese currency which is blamed by some for the recent losses seen in the American manufacturing industry and issues such as internet censorship, piracy, limited market access within China itself for companies based in the U.S., and religious freedom.[70] The Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu stated that she hoped the United States would play a "constructive role" in maintaining a "sound, healthy and stable relations between China and the US".[71]

Middle East

  • Iran
    • Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Friday called U.S. President George W. Bush's defeat in congressional elections a victory for Iran. "This issue (the elections) is not a purely domestic issue for America, but it is the defeat of Bush's hawkish policies in the world," Khamenei said in remarks reported by Iran's student news agency ISNA on Friday. "Since Washington's hostile and hawkish policies have always been against the Iranian nation, this defeat is actually an obvious victory for the Iranian nation." "The result of this election indicates that the majority of American people are dissatisfied and are fed up with the policies of the American administration," the IRNA state news agency quoted Ahmadinejad as saying.[72]

I'd also like to say a word to the winners of the recent elections in the US :

The United States has had many administrations; some who have left a positive legacy, and others that are neither remembered fondly by the American people nor by other nations.

Now that you control an important branch of the US Government, you will also be held to account by the people and by history.

If the US Government meets the current domestic and external challenges with an approach based on truth and Justice, it can remedy some of the past afflictions and alleviate some of the global resentment and hatred of America . But if the approach remains the same, it would not be unexpected that the American people would similarly reject the new electoral winners, although the recent elections, rather than reflecting a victory, in reality point to the failure of the current administration's policies. These issues had been extensively dealt with in my letter to President Bush earlier this year.[73]

[74]

  • A spokesman for the terrorist group Al-Qaeda, Abu Ayyub al-Masri, declared that the American people "[realized] their president's betrayal in supporting Israel," and "voted for something reasonable in the last elections." The group has vowed to attack the White House and claimed that they are winning the war in Iraq.[75]

Europe

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  15. ^ UNOFFICIAL 2006 General Election Results
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