United States Secretary of State

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The Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. He or she is a member of the President's Cabinet. As the highest ranking cabinet member, the Secretary of State is fourth in line to succeed the Presidency, after the Vice President, Speaker of the House, and President pro tempore of the Senate.

Secretaries of State:
Name Appointed Administration
John Jay 1789 George Washington
Thomas Jefferson 1789 George Washington
Edmund Randolph 1794 George Washington
Timothy Pickering 1795 George Washington, John Adams
John Marshall 1800 John Adams
James Madison 1801 Thomas Jefferson
Robert Smith 1809 James Madison
James Monroe 1811 James Madison
John Quincy Adams 1817 James Monroe
Henry Clay 1825 John Quincy Adams
Martin Van Buren 1829 Andrew Jackson
Edward Livingston 1831 Andrew Jackson
Louis McLane 1833 Andrew Jackson
John Forsyth 1834 Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren
Daniel Webster 1841 William Henry Harrison, John Tyler
Abel P. Upshur 1843 John Tyler
John C. Calhoun 1844 John Tyler, James K. Polk
James Buchanan 1845 James K. Polk, Zachary Taylor
John Clayton 1849 Zachary Taylor, Millard Fillmore
Daniel Webster 1850 Millard Fillmore
Edward Everett 1852 Millard Fillmore
William L. Marcy 1853 Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan
Lewis Cass 1857 James Buchanan
Jeremiah S. Black 1860 James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln
William H. Seward 1861 Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson
Elihu P. Washburne 1869 Ulysses S. Grant
Hamilton Fish 1869 Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes
William M. Evarts 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield
James G. Blaine 1881 James Garfield,Chester A. Arthur
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen 1881 Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland
Thomas F. Bayard 1885 Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison
James G. Blaine 1889 Benjamin Harrison
John W. Foster 1892 Benjamin Harrison
Walter Q. Gresham 1893 Grover Cleveland
Richard Olney 1895 Grover Cleveland, William McKinley
John Sherman 1897 William McKinley
William R. Day 1898 William McKinley
John Hay 1898 William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt
Elihu Root 1905 Theodore Roosevelt
Robert Bacon 1909 Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft
Philander C. Knox 1909 William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson
William Jennings Bryan 1913 Woodrow Wilson
Robert Lansing 1915 Woodrow Wilson
Bainbridge Colby 1920 Woodrow Wilson
Charles Evans Hughes 1921 Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge
Frank B. Kellogg 1925 Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover
Henry L. Stimson 1929 Herbert Hoover
Cordell Hull 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt
E. R. Stettinius, Jr. 1944 Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S Truman
James F. Byrnes 1945 Harry S Truman
George C. Marshall 1947 Harry S Truman
Dean Acheson 1949 Harry S Truman
John Foster Dulles 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower
Christian Herter 1959 Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dean Rusk 1961 John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
William P. Rogers 1969 Richard M. Nixon
Henry A. Kissinger 1973 Richard M. Nixon, Gerald R. Ford
Cyrus Vance 1977 Jimmy Carter
Edmund J. Muskie 1980 Jimmy Carter
Alexander M. Haig, Jr. 1981 Ronald Reagan
George P. Shultz 1982 Ronald Reagan
James Baker 1989 George Bush
Lawrence Eagleburger 1992 George Bush
Warren Christopher 1993 Bill Clinton
Madeleine Albright 1997 Bill Clinton
Colin Powell 2001 George W. Bush

If the Secretary resigns, he is replaced by the Deputy Secretary who then becomes acting Secretary of State until the President and Congress approve a formal replacement.

Acting Secretaries of State:
Name Acted
John Jay March 4-22, 1790
Timothy Pickering August 20 to December 9, 1795
Charles Lee May 13 to June 5, 1800
John Marshall February 4 to March 4, 1801
Levi Lincoln March 5 to May 1, 1801
John Graham March 4-9, 1817
Richard Rush March 10 to September 22, 1817
Daniel Brent March 4-7, 1825
James A. Hamilton March 4-27, 1829
Jacob L. Martin March 4-5, 1841
Hugh S.Legaré May 9, 1843 to June 20, 1843
William S. Derrick June 21-23, 1843
Abel P. Upshur June 24, 1843 to July 23, 1843
John Nelson February 29, 1844 to March 31, 1844
Charles M. Conrad October 25, 1852 to November 5, 1852
William Hunter March 4-7, 1853, December 15-16, 1860
William F. Wharton June 4-29, 1892, February 24 to March 6, 1893
Edwin F. Uhl May 28 to June 9, 1895
Alvey A. Adee September 17-29, 1898
Francis B. Loomis Jult 1-18, 1905
Robert Lansing June 9-23, 1915
Frank L. Polk February 14 to March 12, 1920
Joseph C. Crew June 28 to July 3, 1945
H. Freeman Matthews January 20-21, 1953
Livingston T. Merchant January 20-21, 1961
Charles E. Bohlen January 20-22, 1969
Kenneth Rush September 3-22, 1973
Philp C. Habib January 20-23, 1977
Warren Christopher April 28 to May 2, 1980, May 4-8, 1980
David Newsom May 2-3, 1980, May 3-4, 1980
Richard N. Cooper May 3, 1980
Walter J. Stoessel, Jr. July 5-16, 1982
Michael H. Armacost January 20-25, 1989
Lawrence Eagleburger August 23, to December 8, 1992
Arnold Lee Kantor January 20, 1993
Frank G. Wisner January 20, 1993
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