Clan MacTavish

From an unbroken line dating back to the early 12th century, Clan MacTavish (Clan Tavish) begin with the birth of Taus Coir to the daughter of Suibhne Ruadh (Sween the Red of Castle Sween) and Colin Mael Maith (Clan MacDuine) circa 1100-1105. The line that Taus was born into was an illustrious one. The Suibhne’s descended from the Kings of Ireland and Scotland; and Colin Mael Maith was of Clan MacDuine, which would later become Clan Campbell.

From Taus Coir, descended the three families of MacTavish of Dun-ArdRigh (meaning fort or castle of the High King) in Knapdale, of Scannish in Cowall, and of Rudal or Rua-huilh in Glasserie. A Pont 1634 map marks the castellated building of Dunardry. Anyone traveling by the Crinan Canal when passing through Dunardry lock is within a short distance of the site on which this castle stood.

Clan MacTavish experienced a dormancy of 200 years when Lachlan MacTavish was the last Chief to register at that time. That dormancy ended in 1997 when Edward Stewart Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry matriculated. His son, Steven Edward Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry is the current Chief of Clan MacTavish.

Names Connected to Clan MacTavish

Cash, MacCash, MacCavish, MacComb, MacLehose, MacTavish, MacThom, MacThomas, Stephen(son), Steven(son), Tais, Taws, Tawseon, Thom, Thomas, Thomason, Thompson, Thomson, Tod(d) and all variant spellings. (Source: "Surnames of Scotland" by Professor George Black, 1866-1948, 12th Printing, 1999. "The Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands" by Frank Adams, 7th Edition revised by Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, Lord Lyon King of Arms.)

History

The Gaelic name for the Clan was MacTamhais (pronounced MacTavis or MacTavish - the "mh" in Gaelic pronounced as the "v" in the word very). The literal translation of MacTamhais is "Son of Thammais" (Son of Thomas). In old charters, the name had many variant spellings. Some spellings found within the Charters of the Commons of Knapdale and Argyll appear as MacAvis, MacCamis, McCawis, McKavis, McKnavis, M'Ash, MacAnish, and MavTavifh, to give but a few. It seems that from the end of the 1600's, the spelling, MacTavish and/or Thom(p)son were the most common. Both spellings (MacTavish and Thomson) often appear for the same individual(s), at times within the same historical document. The Clan is of great antiquity with lands from the 12th century in both North and South Knapdale. The Clan was seated at Dunardarie. The Dalriadic Kingdom of Dunadd was encompassed by the lands of Dunardarie. Scottish clans Dal Riata

During the Battle of Flodden Field, 9th September 1513, the Scots Army faced the English, and many of Scotland's Nobles and Chiefs lost their lives with King James IV. Chief Ewin MacCawes (MacTavish) was on of those.

In 1715 the Jacobite cause saw its first failed attempt to place the Stuarts back on the throne of Scotland and England. During this time Chief Archibald MacTavish was sympathetic to the Jacobite cause but took no action to support either the Government or the Joacobites. Sympathies strengthened in the 1745 Jacobite Rising, when many of the Lieges of North Knapdale supported Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

During the period known as the Jacobite uprisings, the MacTavish, as with many Highland Clans, were sympathetic to placing the Stuarts back on the throne, as was their right. When Charles Edward Stuart, better known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, landed on Scottish soil in July of 1745, some Highland Clans were preparing to join Prince Charles in his quest to put the Stuarts back on the throne of Scotland. At this time Argyll had asked his kinsman, John Campbell, Sheriff of Stonefeld, to request of Dugald MacTavish of Dunadarie, Younger, to keep alert for anything pertaining to the Younger Pretender's movements and the Jacobites. Young Dugald found this to be a most distasteful request and did not oblige Campbell.

Adjacent to the Lands of Dunardarie was, Achnabreack, the lands of Sir James Campbell who was a great friend to the MacTavish Chief (Archibald), and was also a Jacobite sympathizer; he was very "anti" Campbell of Argyll in thought. Unknown to both Sir James and to Dugald MacTavish, Younger, the Duke of Argyll had installed a servant in the house of Sir James, as a spy. This servant intercepted four letters written to Sir James Campbell from Dugald MacTavish, Younger, of Dunardarie, making arrangements and plans for raising their men to join Prince Charles Edward Stuart's Highland army.

When Argyll received these letters from the servant, he sent the Sheriff of Stonefield, John Campbell, to confront Chief Archibald MacTavish of Dunardarie and Dugald MacTavish, Younger. Dugald admitted to writing the letters as, "these are of my hand". A warrant was issued, and Dugald MacTavish, Younger, was arrested for treasonable acts against the Crown, and transported to Dunbarton Prison, September 1745. The Duke of Argyll hoped this would put an end to the Jacobite plotting in Knapdale. He took no action at this time against Sir James, no doubt because Sir James was titled and a Campbell kinsman. However, the Duke took measures against Sir James after the Battle of Culloden, the finale of the 1745 Rising. A tremendously large request of funds was demanded from Sir James Campbell of Achnabreack as part of his "contribution" to the costs incurred by the Campbells of Argyll for placing the Argyll troops at Culloden. The Duke of Argyll knew well that Sir James Campbell of Achnabreack could never pay this amount. The Lands of the House of Campbell of Achnabreack were sold at public auction to pay the debt; and the "House of Campbell of Achnabreack" was no more. Dugald was released in the General Pardon in 1747 and upon the death of his father, became Dugald MacTavish of Dunardarie. He later bought Lot #4 of Achnabreack land, which was the area of Inverlussa and adjoined the border of Dunardarie lands.

Due to the fact that Dugald, the Younger, was imprisoned in September of 1745 and that the Chief (Archibald) was quite elderly, during the 1745 Jacobite Rising. Some of the MacTavishes fought within the ranks of their neighbor, MacIntosh; and the Gartbeg McTavishes (part of Fraser of Lovat) were there as well. Stories abound that many of the clan simply made their way to join Prince Charlie's ranks and were never formally enlisted in the Stuart cause. For this reason there are few instances of the MacTavish or Thomsons being noted as Jacobite soldiers, as they came and went of their own accord, having no formal leadership from within their own clan.

On 16th April 1746 the Highland army was defeated by a much larger force of the English army (5000 fighting for Prince Charles and 9000 fighting for the government). The largest Highland force fighting for the English was the Argyll Highlanders. How different history could have been had the Argyll Campbells fought with the Highlanders rather than for the English. On that day, the Highland army of Prince Charles lost the battle, and the fate of the Jacobite cause was sealed.

After Culloden and for upwards of 2 years Argyll’s Highland troops were acting as agents for the government in the Highlands. Unfortunately, after Culloden, some Jacobite Highland Chiefs joined with the victors and treated their own clansmen very badly transporting their Clan members off their land and, indeed, from their country. This was the period known as the Clearances. The MacTavish Chiefly line, still seated in Dunardarie with their clansmen, were not involved in the "clearing" of their own kin, and no MacTavishes were put off the lands.

After Culloden, many more of the MacTavish started to use the Thom(p)son spelling, for it was not healthy to be known as a "Mac". Use of an obvious Gaelic name, like MacTavish, could draw a suspicious scrutiny as a Jacobite sympathizer if used. Taking an "Englished" spelling of the name was believed to lessen such suspicion, and hopefully avoid trouble. Many MacTavish kin scattered to the border country, to Ireland and to the New World. The Chiefly line of MacTavish, however, retained the name MacTavish and remained seated at Dunardry. If there was one advantage in Dugald MacTavish, the younger, being incarcerated in Dunbarton Prison, it was that the MacTavishes kept their lands without penalty. However, if Clan MacTavish had attended at Culloden as a Clan, the clan land might have been forfeited. It is of interest to note that the Duke of Argyll, the same man who had Dugald arrested in 1747, was advised by King George III (in the 1750s) to place Dugald MacTavish as Argyll's Chamberlain and Bailie of the area. One of Dugald's first cases in this position was between the Duke of Argyll and a young woodsman who worked for Argyll. The Duke of Argyll lost his case.

Dugald's son and Heir, Lachlan MacTavish succeeded his father in 1775. He became Sheriff Substitute of the District of Kintyre, and was a highly respected judge with the Highlands. By 1785, Lachlan was forced to sell Dunardry at public auction on the 31st December, as he fell into financial difficulites, partly due to the building of the Crinan Canal, which split the MacTavish lands in half. By this time, the Acts of Proscription had taken away all the powers of the Chiefs except that of Landlord. The Canal had lasting effects for Scotland, and against the MacTavishes, who fell on harder time because the canal affected their ability to collect rents, as it seperated their tenants from their farms and cattle. Lachlan, his wife and son, Dugald, who was three years old, moved to Edinburgh where Lachlan was installed as Governor of Taxes for the Crown, living at St. James' Court. Lachlan and his wife, Mary, had three more children: John George (1787-1847), Margaret and Flora. Lachlan registered his Arms in April 1793 and was attempting to buy back Dunardry but passed away in September 1796 without accomplishing this quest. His Heir, Dugald, was a mere lad of 14 (under the age of consent) and did not attempt to register his Arms. Dugald was well schooled and studied for his apprenticeship in law under James and John Ferrier, and was appointed "Writer to the Signet" (WS) for Kintyre. (Sir Malcolm Innes of Edingight, former Lord Lyon King of Arms, is also a Writer to the Signet).

During his tenure as WS and Sheriff-Substitute of Kintyre, Dugald MacTavish built "Kilchrist House" (now known as Kilchrist Castle) at Stewarton, Argyllshire, in 1824. It was a palacial house resting on 12 acres of prime land. His wife, Letitia Lochhart, bore him 10 surviving children. The first born, Lachlan, died at birth. The second son, William(1816-1870) at age 18 immigrated; sailing in 1833 to Canada with the Hudson Bay Company (HBC) as a company clerk and later became a Chief Factor, taking up duties at Fort Garry. He succeeded as Chief on the death of his father, Dugald, in 1855. William rose within the HBC to be appointed as Governor of Assinaboia and Ruperts Land (now Manitoba) and was instrumental in the formation of events leading up to the confederation of Canada in 1867, along with John A. MacDonald, first Prime Minister of Canada.

Lachlan's son, Dugald, under age in 1796, did not register the MacTavish arms; and as a grown man, with his duties as the Sheriff Substitute of Kintyre he obviously did not feel inclined to do so,. as he was, already, legally known as MacTavish of Dunardry. He died without having re-registered the Arms. Unfortunately, this carried on with his son William who had moved to the "wilds" of Canada. William also declined to register the Arms. It is nominally suggested by Lord Lyon that at least every other generation re-register the Chiefly Arms, to avoid dormany of the Clan. As a result of William not matriculating for the arms the Chiefly line was "lost" until 1949, when the Lord Lyon, Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, contacted the MacTavish family in Canada, advising them that they were the long, lost Chiefly line, inviting them to petition for the Arms and Chiefship of the Clan.

William's great grandson, Edward Stewart Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry, was matriculated by the Court of the Lord Lyon 23 July 1997 and granted the Arms and Title of Chief of the Clan MacTavish of Dunardry, and was the 26th Chief of the Clan in an unbroken line. He passed away on 19 June 2005 at his home in Vancover, BC. He is succeeded by his son and heir, the 27th Chief, Steven Edward Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry.

References

A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants before the Confederation, Donald Whyte

Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages, Edward J. Cowan and R. Andrew MacDonald

Annals and Chronicles: (Ulster, Four Mastes, Tigernach, Inishfallen, Senchus fer nAlban, Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, Life of St. Columba, etc.) Translations of these records can be brought into your nearest public library through Inter-Library loan.

Chronicles of Man and the Sudreys, from the Manuscript Codex in the British Museum with historical notes by P. A. Munch, Professor of History n the Royal University f Christiania, HON. F.R.A.S.S., Revised, annotated, and furnished with additional documents, and English translations of the Chronyca, and of the Latin Documents by the Right Rev. Dr. Goss.

Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands, Frank Adams, revised by Sir Thomas Learney, Lord Lyon

Hebridean Sea Kings: The Successors of Somerled, 1164-1316, W. D. H. Sellar

Highlanders: A History of the Gaels, John MacLeod

Late Medieval Monumental Sculpture in the West Highlands, Bannerman, J W M & Steer, Wm, 1977,Edinburgh.

North Knapdale in the XVII and XVIIIth Centuries, Alexander Fraser, B.D., 1964

Periods in Highland History, I. F. Grant & Hugh Cheape, 1987

Rebels without a Cause. The Relations of Fergus of Galloway and Somerled of Argyll with the Scottish Kings, 1151-1164, R. Andrew McDonald

Scottish Surnames, Donald Whyte, 2000

Surnames of Scotland, Professor George Black, 12th Edition 1999

The Kingdom of the Isls, Scotland's Western Seaboard, C. 1100 - C. 1336, R Andrew MacDonald (EXCELLENT)

The Scotch Irish, A Social History, James G. Leyburn, 1962

External links

• Clan MacTavish Official Web Site
• Argyllshire by Dr. George Matthews, LLD, 1913