Hydrazine
|
General |
|
|---|---|
| Name | Hydrazine |
| Chemical Formula | N2H2 |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid |
|
Physical |
|
| Formula weight | 32.0 amu |
| Melting point | 274 K (1 °C) |
| Boiling point | 387 K (114 °C) |
| Density | 1.0 ×103 kg/m3 |
| Solubility | very soluble |
|
Thermochemistry |
|
| ΔfH0gas | 95.35 kJ/mol |
| ΔfH0liquid | 50.63 kJ/mol |
| ΔfH0solid | 37.63 kJ/mol |
| S0gas, 1 bar | 238.66 J/mol·K |
| S0liquid, 1 bar | 121.52 J/mol·K |
| S0solid | ? J/mol·K |
|
Safety | |
| Ingestion | Toxic, possibly carcinogenic |
| Inhalation | Very dangerous—extremely destructive to the upper respiratory tract |
| Skin | Can cause severe burns, can be absorbed into bloodstream |
| Eyes | Can cause permanent damage |
| More info | Hazardous Chemical Database |
SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. | |
Hydrazine is a family of chemicals that have found some use as rocket fuels.
The one most frequently referred to is N2H4. It has an oxidation number of -2. It's a liquid with weak basic properties similar to ammonia. Due to the alpha effect the nucleophilicity is much stronger than that of ammonia, which makes it more reactive. It can be made by oxidizing ammonia with sodium hypochlorite. It is a monopropellant rocket fuel.
The hydrazine used to make hypergolic (self-igniting) bipropellant rocket fuels is usually asymmetric dimethylhydrazine, a derivative in which two of the hydrogen are substituted with methylgroups.