1258
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century.
| Years: 1255 1256 1257 - 1258 - 1259 1260 1261 | |
| Decades: 1220s 1230s 1240s - 1250s - 1260s 1270s 1280s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1258 state leaders | |
Events
- February 10 - Battle of Baghdad (1258) - Hulagu Khan's Mongol forces overrun Baghdad, then the leading center of Islamic culture and learning and capital of the Caliphate. They burn the imperial city to the ground, killing as many as 800,000 citizens.
- Llywelyn the Last declares himself Prince of Wales. He is the final ruler of an independent Wales, before its conquest by the English.
- King Henry III of England is forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford, effectively ending the absolute monarchy in England by requiring the calling of a parliament.
- The Chinese era Baoyou ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
- Civil unrest in northern Italy spawns the medieval musical form of Geisslerlieder, penitential songs sung by wandering bands of Flagellants.
Births
- Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire (died 1326)
Deaths
- February 20 - Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad
- August - Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor
- Hong Bok-won, Goryeo commander who later served the Mongol Empire
- Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (born 1295)
- Meinhard I of Gorizia-Tyrol (born c. 1200)
- Theodore II Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea
- Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili, Moroccan spiritual leader (born 1175)