List of mammals of Central America
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Central America. Central America is usually defined as the southernmost extension of North America; however, from a biological standpoint it is useful to view it as a separate region of the Americas. Central America is distinct from the remainder of North America in being a tropical region, part of the Neotropic ecozone, whose flora and fauna display a strong South American influence. The rest of North America is mostly subtropical or temperate, belongs to the Nearctic ecozone, and has many fewer species of South American origin. At present Central America bridges North and South America, facilitating migrations in both directions, but this phenomenon is relatively recent from a geological perspective. The formation of this land bridge through volcanic activity three million years ago precipitated the Great American Interchange, an important biogeographical event. In part because of this history, Central America is extremely biodiverse; it comprises most of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot.
The list consists of those species are found from southeastern Mexico to northwestern Colombia, including all the seven Central American nations of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Of these species, 1 is critically endangered or extinct, 3 are critically endangered, 15 are endangered, 15 are vulnerable, and 4 are near-threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically Endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near Threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least Concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data Deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower Risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower Risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower Risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
- Family: Trichechidae
- Genus: Trichechus
- West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus VU
- Genus: Trichechus
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.
- Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
- Subfamily: Dasypodinae
- Genus: Dasypus
- Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus LC
- Genus: Dasypus
- Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
- Genus: Cabassous
- Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo Cabassous centralis DD
- Genus: Cabassous
- Subfamily: Dasypodinae
Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.
- Suborder: Folivora
- Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
- Genus: Bradypus
- Pygmy Three-toed Sloth Bradypus pygmaeus CR
- Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth Bradypus variegatus LC
- Genus: Bradypus
- Family: Megalonychidae (two-toed sloths)
- Genus: Choloepus
- Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth Choloepus hoffmanni LC
- Genus: Choloepus
- Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
- Suborder: Vermilingua
- Family: Cyclopedidae
- Genus: Cyclopes
- Silky Anteater Cyclopes didactylus LC
- Genus: Cyclopes
- Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
- Genus: Myrmecophaga
- Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla NT
- Genus: Tamandua
- Northern Tamandua Tamandua mexicana LC
- Genus: Myrmecophaga
- Family: Cyclopedidae
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided informally into three main groupings: prosimians, monkeys of the New World (parvorder Platyrrhini), and monkeys and apes of the Old World.
- Family: Cebidae
- Subfamily: Callitrichinae
- Genus: Saguinus
- Geoffroy's Tamarin Saguinus geoffroyi LC
- Genus: Saguinus
- Subfamily: Cebinae
- Genus: Cebus
- White-headed Capuchin Cebus capucinus LC
- Genus: Saimiri
- Central American Squirrel Monkey Saimiri oerstedii EN
- Genus: Cebus
- Subfamily: Callitrichinae
- Family: Atelidae
- Subfamily: Alouattinae
- Genus: Alouatta
- Coiba Island Howler Alouatta coibensis EN
- Mantled Howler Alouatta palliata LC
- Guatemalan Black Howler Alouatta pigra EN
- Genus: Alouatta
- Subfamily: Atelinae
- Genus: Ateles
- Geoffroy's Spider Monkey Ateles geoffroyi LC
- Genus: Ateles
- Subfamily: Alouattinae
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
- Genus: Coendou
- Rothschild's Porcupine Coendou rothschildi LR/lc
- Genus: Sphiggurus
- Mexican Hairy Dwarf Porcupine Sphiggurus mexicanus LR/lc
- Genus: Coendou
- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
- Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs)
- Subfamily: Hydrochaeridae (capybaras)
- Genus: Hydrochoerus
- Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris LR/lc
- Genus: Hydrochoerus
- Subfamily: Hydrochaeridae (capybaras)
- Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and pacas)
- Genus: Dasyprocta
- Coiban Agouti Dasyprocta coibae EN
- Mexican Agouti Dasyprocta mexicana LR/nt
- Central American Agouti Dasyprocta punctata LR/lc
- Ruatan Island Agouti Dasyprocta ruatanica EN
- Genus: Dasyprocta
- Family: Agoutidae
- Family: Echimyidae
- Subfamily: Echimyinae
- Genus: Diplomys
- Rufous Soft-furred Spiny-rat Diplomys labilis LR/lc
- Genus: Diplomys
- Subfamily: Eumysopinae
- Genus: Hoplomys
- Armored Rat Hoplomys gymnurus LR/lc
- Genus: Proechimys
- Tome's Spiny-rat Proechimys semispinosus LR/lc
- Genus: Hoplomys
- Subfamily: Echimyinae
- Family: Capromyidae
- Subfamily: Capromyinae
- Genus: Geocapromys
- Little Swan Island hutia Geocapromys thoracatus EX
- Genus: Geocapromys
- Subfamily: Capromyinae
- Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Microsciurus
- Central American Dwarf Squirrel Microsciurus alfari LR/lc
- Western Dwarf Squirrel Microsciurus mimulus LR/lc
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red-bellied squirrel Sciurus aureogaster LR/lc
- Deppe's Squirrel Sciurus deppei LR/lc
- Red-tailed Squirrel Sciurus granatensis LR/lc
- Richmond's Squirrel Sciurus richmondi LR/nt
- Variegated Squirrel Sciurus variegatoides LR/lc
- Yucatan Squirrel Sciurus yucatanensis LR/lc
- Genus: Syntheosciurus
- Bangs's Mountain Squirrel Syntheosciurus brochus LR/nt
- Genus: Microsciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Geomyidae
- Genus: Orthogeomys
- Chiriqui Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys cavator LR/lc
- Cherrie's Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys cherriei LR/nt
- Oaxacan Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys cuniculus CR
- Darien Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys dariensis LR/lc
- Giant Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys grandis LR/lc
- Variable Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys heterodus LR/nt
- Hispid Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys hispidus LR/lc
- Nicaraguan Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys matagalpae LR/lc
- Underwood's Pocket Gopher Orthogeomys underwoodi LR/lc
- Genus: Orthogeomys
- Family: Heteromyidae
- Subfamily: Heteromyinae
- Genus: Heteromys
- Southern Spiny Pocket Mouse Heteromys australis LR/lc
- Desmarest's Spiny Pocket Mouse Heteromys desmarestianus LR/lc
- Gaumer's Spiny Pocket Mouse Heteromys gaumeri LR/lc
- Goldman's Spiny Pocket Mouse Heteromys goldmani LR/nt
- Nelson's Spiny Pocket Mouse Heteromys nelsoni CR
- Mountain Spiny Pocket Mouse Heteromys oresterus LR/nt
- Genus: Liomys
- Panamanian Spiny Pocket Mouse Liomys adspersus LR/nt
- Painted Spiny Pocket Mouse Liomys pictus LR/lc
- Salvin's Spiny Pocket Mouse Liomys salvini LR/lc
- Genus: Heteromys
- Subfamily: Heteromyinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Microtus
- Guatemalan Vole Microtus guatemalensis LR/lc
- Genus: Microtus
- Subfamily: Tylomyinae
- Genus: Nyctomys
- Sumichrast's vesper rat Nyctomys sumichrasti LR/lc
- Genus: Otonyctomys
- Hatt's Vesper Rat Otonyctomys hatti LR/lc
- Genus: Ototylomys
- Big-eared Climbing Rat Ototylomys phyllotis LR/lc
- Genus: Tylomys
- Chiapan Climbing Rat Tylomys bullaris CR
- Fulvous-bellied Climbing Rat Tylomys fulviventer LR/nt
- Peters's Climbing Rat Tylomys nudicaudus LR/lc
- Panamanian Climbing Rat Tylomys panamensis VU
- Tumbala Climbing Rat Tylomys tumbalensis CR
- Watson's Climbing Rat Tylomys watsoni LR/lc
- Genus: Nyctomys
- Subfamily: Neotominae
- Genus: Baiomys
- Southern Pygmy Mouse Baiomys musculus LR/lc
- Genus: Habromys
- Crested-tailed Deer Mouse Habromys lophurus LR/lc
- Genus: Isthmomys
- Yellow Isthmus Rat Isthmomys flavidus LR/lc
- Mt. Pirri Isthmus Rat Isthmomys pirrensis LR/nt
- Genus: Neotoma
- Nicaraguan Woodrat Neotoma chrysomelas LR/lc
- Mexican Woodrat Neotoma mexicana LR/lc
- Genus: Peromyscus
- Aztec Mouse Peromyscus aztecus LR/lc
- Big Deer Mouse Peromyscus grandis LR/nt
- Guatemalan Deer Mouse Peromyscus guatemalensis LR/lc
- Naked-eared Deer Mouse Peromyscus gymnotis LR/lc
- White-footed Mouse Peromyscus leucopus LR/lc
- Nimble-footed Mouse Peromyscus levipes LR/lc
- Plateau Mouse Peromyscus melanophrys LR/lc
- Maya Mouse Peromyscus mayensis EN
- Mexican Deer Mouse Peromyscus mexicanus LR/lc
- Stirton's Deer Mouse Peromyscus stirtoni LR/lc
- Yucatan Deer Mouse Peromyscus yucatanicus LR/lc
- Chiapan Deer Mouse Peromyscus zarhynchus VU
- Genus: Reithrodontomys
- Short-nosed Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys brevirostris LR/lc
- Chiriqui Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys creper LR/lc
- Darien Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys darienensis LR/lc
- Fulvous Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys fulvescens LR/lc
- Slender Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys gracilis LR/lc
- Mexican Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys mexicanus LR/lc
- Small-toothed Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys microdon LR/nt
- Nicaraguan Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys paradoxus LR/nt
- Rodriguez's Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys rodriguezi VU
- Cozumel Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys spectabilis EN
- Sumichrast's Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys sumichrasti LR/lc
- Narrow-nosed Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys tenuirostris LR/lc
- Genus: Scotinomys
- Alston's Brown Mouse Scotinomys teguina LR/lc
- Chiriqui Brown Mouse Scotinomys xerampelinus LR/lc
- Genus: Baiomys
- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
- Genus: Ichthyomys
- Tweedy's Crab-eating Rat Ichthyomys tweedii LR/lc
- Genus: Melanomys
- Dusky Rice Rat Melanomys caliginosus LR/lc
- Genus: Neacomys
- Painted Bristly Mouse Neacomys pictus LR/nt
- Genus: Oecomys
- Bicolored Arboreal Rice Rat Oecomys bicolor LR/lc
- Trinidad Arboreal Rice Rat Oecomys trinitatis LR/lc
- Genus: Oligoryzomys
- Fulvous Pygmy Rice Rat Oligoryzomys fulvescens LR/lc
- Sprightly Pygmy Rice Rat Oligoryzomys vegetus LR/nt
- Genus: Oryzomys
- Tomes's Rice Rat Oryzomys albigularis LR/lc
- Alfaro's Rice Rat Oryzomys alfaroi LR/lc
- Bolivar Rice Rat Oryzomys bolivaris LR/lc
- Coues' Rice Rat Oryzomys couesi LR/lc
- Boquete Rice Rat Oryzomys devius LR/lc
- Thomas's Rice Rat Oryzomys dimidiatus LR/nt
- Striped Rice Rat Oryzomys rhabdops LR/lc
- Long-nosed Rice Rat Oryzomys rostratus LR/lc
- Cloud Forest Rice Rat Oryzomys saturatior LR/lc
- Talamancan Rice Rat Oryzomys talamancae LR/lc
- Genus: Rheomys
- Goldman's Water Mouse Rheomys raptor LR/lc
- Thomas's Water Mouse Rheomys thomasi LR/lc
- Underwood's Water Mouse Rheomys underwoodi LR/lc
- Genus: Rhipidomys
- Splendid Climbing Mouse Rhipidomys nitela LR/lc
- Mt. Pirri Climbing Mouse Rhipidomys scandens VU
- Genus: Sigmodon
- Hispid Cotton Rat Sigmodon hispidus LR/lc
- Jaliscan Cotton Rat Sigmodon mascotensis LR/lc
- Genus: Sigmodontomys
- Alfaro's Rice Water Rat Sigmodontomys alfari LR/lc
- Harris's Rice Water Rat Sigmodontomys aphrastus CR
- Genus: Zygodontomys
- Short-tailed Cane Rat Zygodontomys brevicauda LR/lc
- Genus: Ichthyomys
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Sylvilagus
- Tapeti Sylvilagus brasiliensis LR/lc
- Dice's Cottontail Sylvilagus dicei EN
- Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus LR/lc
- Genus: Lepus
- Tehuantepec Jackrabbit Lepus flavigularis EN
- Genus: Sylvilagus
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and soledons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Genus: Cryptotis
- Enders's Small-eared Shrew Cryptotis endersi EN
- Goldman's Broad-clawed Shrew Cryptotis goldmani LR/lc
- Goodwin's Broad-clawed Shrew Cryptotis goodwini LR/lc
- Talamancan Small-eared Shrew Cryptotis gracilis VU
- Honduran Small-eared Shrew Cryptotis hondurensis VU
- Mexican Small-eared Shrew Cryptotis mexicana LR/lc
- Blackish Small-eared Shrew Cryptotis nigrescens LR/lc
- North American Least Shrew Cryptotis parva LR/lc
- Genus: Sorex
- Saussure's Shrew Sorex saussurei LR/lc
- Sclater's Shrew Sorex sclateri EN
- San Cristobal Shrew Sorex stizodon EN
- Verapaz Shrew Sorex veraepacis LR/lc
- Genus: Cryptotis
- Subfamily: Soricinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Noctilionidae
- Genus: Noctilio
- Lesser Bulldog Bat Noctilio albiventris LR/lc
- Greater Bulldog Bat Noctilio leporinus LR/lc
- Genus: Noctilio
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Silver-tipped Myotis Myotis albescens LR/lc
- Southwestern Myotis Myotis auriculus LR/lc
- California Myotis Myotis californicus LR/lc
- Guatemalan Myotis Myotis cobanensis CR
- Elegant Myotis Myotis elegans LR/nt
- Cinnamon Myotis Myotis fortidens LR/nt
- Hairy-legged Myotis Myotis keaysi LR/lc
- Black Myotis Myotis nigricans LR/lc
- Montane Myotis Myotis oxyotus LR/lc
- Riparian Myotis Myotis riparius LR/lc
- Cave Myotis Myotis velifer LR/lc
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Bauerus
- Van Gelder's Bat Bauerus dubiaquercus VU
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Eptesicus andinus LR/lc
- Brazilian Brown Bat Eptesicus brasiliensis LR/lc
- Argentine Brown Bat Eptesicus furinalis LR/lc
- Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus LR/lc
- Genus: Lasiurus
- Desert red bat Lasiurus blossevillii LR/lc
- Tacarcuna Bat Lasiurus castaneus VU
- Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus LR/lc
- Southern Yellow Bat Lasiurus ega LR/lc
- Big Red Bat Lasiurus egregius LR/nt
- Northern Yellow Bat Lasiurus intermedius LR/l
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Eastern Pipistrelle Pipistrellus subflavus LR/lc
- Genus: Rhogeessa
- Black-winged Little Yellow Bat Rhogeessa tumida LR/lc
- Genus: Bauerus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Cynomops
- Greenhall's Dog-faced bat Cynomops greenhalli LR/lc
- Southern Dog-faced Bat Cynomops planirostris LR/lc
- Genus: Eumops
- Black Bonneted Bat Eumops auripendulus LR/lc
- Dwarf Bonneted Bat Eumops bonariensis LR/lc
- Wagner's Bonneted Bat Eumops glaucinus LR/lc
- Sanborn's Bonneted Bat Eumops hansae LR/lc
- Underwood's Bonneted Bat Eumops underwoodi LR/nt
- Genus: Molossus
- Black Mastiff Bat Molossus ater LR/lc
- Molossus aztecus LR/nt
- Bonda Mastiff Bat Molossus bondae LR/lc
- Molossus coibensis LR/nt
- Velvety Free-tailed Bat Molossus molossus LR/lc
- Miller's Mastiff Bat Molossus pretiosus LR/lc
- Sinaloan Mastiff Bat Molossus sinaloae LR/lc
- Genus: Nyctinomops
- Broad-eared Bat Nyctinomops laticaudatus LR/lc
- Genus: Promops
- Big Crested Mastiff Bat Promops centralis LR/lc
- Genus: Tadarida
- Mexican Free-tailed Bat Tadarida brasiliensis LR/nt
- Genus: Cynomops
- Family: Emballonuridae
- Genus: Balantiopteryx
- Thomas's Sac-winged Bat Balantiopteryx io LR/nt
- Gray Sac-winged Bat Balantiopteryx plicata LR/lc
- Genus: Centronycteris
- Shaggy Bat Centronycteris maximiliani LR/lc
- Genus: Cormura
- Wagner's Sac-winged Bat Cormura brevirostris LR/lc
- Genus: Cyttarops
- Short-eared Bat Cyttarops alecto LR/nt
- Genus: Diclidurus
- Northern Ghost Bat Diclidurus albus LR/lc
- Genus: Peropteryx
- Greater Dog-like Bat Peropteryx kappleri LR/lc
- Lesser Doglike Bat Peropteryx macrotis LR/lc
- Genus: Rhynchonycteris
- Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris naso LR/lc
- Genus: Saccopteryx
- Greater Sac-winged Bat Saccopteryx bilineata LR/lc
- Lesser Sac-winged Bat Saccopteryx leptura LR/lc
- Genus: Balantiopteryx
- Family: Mormoopidae
- Genus: Mormoops
- Ghost-faced Bat Mormoops megalophylla LR/lc
- Genus: Pteronotus
- Naked-backed Bat Pteronotus davyi LR/lc
- Big Naked-backed Bat Pteronotus gymnonotus LR/lc
- Parnell's Mustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii LR/lc
- Wagner's Mustached Bat Pteronotus personatus LR/lc
- Genus: Mormoops
- Family: Phyllostomidae
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
- Genus: Chrotopterus
- Big-eared Wooly Bat Chrotopterus auritus LR/lc
- Genus: Glyphonycteris
- Davies's Big-eared Bat Glyphonycteris daviesi LR/nt
- Tricolored Big-eared Bat Glyphonycteris sylvestris LR/nt
- Genus: Lampronycteris
- Yellow-throated Big-eared Bat Lampronycteris brachyotis LR/lc
- Genus: Lonchorhina
- Tomes's Sword-nosed Bat Lonchorhina aurita LR/lc
- Genus: Lophostoma
- Pygmy Round-eared Bat Lophostoma brasiliense LR/lc
- Davis's Round-eared Bat Lophostoma evotis LR/nt
- White-throated Round-eared Bat Lophostoma silvicolum LR/lc
- Genus: Macrophyllum
- Long-legged Bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum LR/lc
- Genus: Macrotus
- Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat Macrotus waterhousii LR/lc
- Genus: Micronycteris
- Hairy Big-eared Bat Micronycteris hirsuta LR/lc
- White-bellied Big-eared Bat Micronycteris minuta LR/lc
- Schmidts's Big-eared Bat Micronycteris schmidtorum LR/lc
- Genus: Mimon
- Striped Hairy-nosed Bat Mimon crenulatum LR/lc
- Genus: Phylloderma
- Pale-faced Bat Phylloderma stenops LR/lc
- Genus: Phyllostomus
- Pale Spear-nosed Bat Phyllostomus discolor LR/lc
- Greater Spear-nosed Bat Phyllostomus hastatus LR/lc
- Genus: Tonatia
- Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat Tonatia saurophila LR/lc
- Genus: Trachops
- Fringe-lipped Bat Trachops cirrhosus LR/lc
- Genus: Trinycteris
- Niceforo's Big-eared Bat Trinycteris nicefori LR/lc
- Genus: Vampyrum
- Spectral Bat Vampyrum spectrum LR/nt
- Genus: Chrotopterus
- Subfamily: Lonchophyllinae
- Genus: Lionycteris
- Chestnut Long-tongued Bat Lionycteris spurrelli LR/lc
- Genus: Lonchophylla
- Godman's Nectar Bat Lonchophylla mordax LR/lc
- Orange Nectar Bat Lonchophylla robusta LR/lc
- Thomas's Nectar Bat Lonchophylla thomasi LR/lc
- Genus: Lionycteris
- Subfamily: Glossophaginae
- Genus: Anoura
- Handley's Tailless Bat Anoura cultrata LR/lc
- Geoffroy's Tailless Bat Anoura geoffroyi LR/lc
- Genus: Choeroniscus
- Godman's Long-tailed Bat Choeroniscus godmani LR/nt
- Genus: Choeronycteris
- Mexican Long-tongued Bat Choeronycteris mexicana LR/nt
- Genus: Glossophaga
- Commissaris's Long-tongued Bat Glossophaga commissarisi LR/lc
- Gray Long-tongued Bat Glossophaga leachii LR/lc
- Pallas's Long-tongued Bat Glossophaga soricina LR/lc
- Genus: Hylonycteris
- Underwood's Long-tongued Bat Hylonycteris underwoodi LR/nt
- Genus: Leptonycteris
- Southern Long-nosed Bat Leptonycteris curasoae VU
- Greater Long-nosed Bat Leptonycteris nivalis EN
- Genus: Lichonycteris
- Dark Long-tongued Bat Lichonycteris obscura LR/lc
- Genus: Anoura
- Subfamily: Carolliinae
- Genus: Carollia
- Silky Short-tailed Bat Carollia brevicauda LR/lc
- Chestnut Short-tailed Bat Carollia castanea LR/lc
- Seba's Short-tailed Bat Carollia perspicillata LR/lc
- Gray Short-tailed Bat Carollia subrufa LR/lc
- Genus: Carollia
- Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
- Genus: Ametrida
- Little White-shouldered Bat Ametrida centurio LR/lc
- Genus: Artibeus
- Aztec Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus aztecus LR/lc
- Artibeus incomitatus DD
- Honduran Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus inopinatus VU
- Artibeus intermedius LR/lc
- Jamaican fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis LR/lc
- Great Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus lituratus LR/lc
- Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus phaeotis LR/lc
- Toltec Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus toltecus LR/lc
- Genus: Centurio
- Wrinkle-faced Bat Centurio senex LR/lc
- Genus: Chiroderma
- Salvin's Big-eyed Bat Chiroderma salvini LR/lc
- Little Big-eyed Bat Chiroderma trinitatum LR/lc
- Hairy Big-eyed Bat Chiroderma villosum LR/lc
- Genus: Ectophylla
- Honduran white bat Ectophylla alba LR/nt
- Genus: Enchisthenes
- Velvety Fruit-eating Bat Enchisthenes hartii LR/lc
- Genus: Mesophylla
- MacConnell's Bat Mesophylla macconnelli LR/lc
- Genus: Sturnira
- Little Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira lilium LR/lc
- Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira ludovici LR/lc
- Louis's Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira luisi LR/lc
- Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira mordax LR/nt
- Genus: Uroderma
- Tent-making Bat Uroderma bilobatum LR/lc
- Brown Tent-making Bat Uroderma magnirostrum LR/lc
- Genus: Vampyressa
- Striped Yellow-eared Bat Vampyressa nymphaea LR/lc
- Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat Vampyressa pusilla LR/lc
- Genus: Vampyrodes
- Great Stripe-faced Bat Vampyrodes caraccioli LR/lc
- Genus: Platyrrhinus
- Thomas's Broad-nosed Bat Platyrrhinus dorsalis LR/lc
- Heller's Broad-nosed Bat Platyrrhinus helleri LR/lc
- Shadowy Broad-nosed Bat Platyrrhinus umbratus LR/nt
- Greater Broad-nosed Bat Platyrrhinus vittatus LR/lc
- Genus: Ametrida
- Subfamily: Desmodontinae
- Genus: Desmodus
- Common Vampire Bat Desmodus rotundus LR/lc
- Genus: Diaemus
- White-winged Vampire Bat Diaemus youngi LR/lc
- Genus: Diphylla
- Hairy-legged Vampire Bat Diphylla ecaudata LR/nt
- Genus: Desmodus
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
- Family: Natalidae
- Genus: Natalus
- Mexican Funnel-eared Bat Natalus stramineus LR/lc
- Genus: Natalus
- Family: Furipteridae
- Genus: Furipterus
- Furipteridae Furipterus horrens LR/lc
- Genus: Furipterus
- Family: Thyropteridae
- Genus: Thyroptera
- Peter's Disk-winged Bat Thyroptera discifera LR/lc
- Spix's Disk-winged Bat Thyroptera tricolor LR/lc
- Genus: Thyroptera
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Bryde's Whale Balaenoptera edeni DD
- Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus EN
- Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus EN
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae VU
- Genus: Megaptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Physeteridae
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps LR/lc
- Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia sima LR/lc
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Blainville's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
- Pygmy Beaked Whale Mesoplodon peruvianus DD
- Genus: Ziphius
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed Dolphin Steno bredanensis DD
- Genus: Sotalia
- Tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis DD
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Pantropical Spotted Dolphin Stenella attenuata LR/cd
- Clymene Dolphin Stenella clymene DD
- Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
- Atlantic Spotted Dolphin Stenella frontalis DD
- Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris LR/cd
- Genus: Delphinus
- Common dolphin Delphinus delphis LR/lc
- Genus: Lagenodelphis
- Fraser's Dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei DD
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's Dolphin Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Peponocephala
- Melon-headed Whale Peponocephala electra LR/lc
- Genus: Feresa
- Pygmy Killer Whale Feresa attenuata DD
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False Killer Whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca Orcinus orca LR/cd
- Genus: Globicephala
- Pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
- Genus: Steno
- Family: Physeteridae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivores)
The carnivores include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. Carnivores have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Subfamily: Tremarctinae
- Genus: Tremarctos
- Spectacled Bear Tremarctos ornatus VU
- Genus: Tremarctos
- Subfamily: Tremarctinae
- Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
- Genus: Bassariscus
- Cacomistle Bassariscus sumichrasti LR/nt
- Genus: Procyon
- Crab-eating Raccoon Procyon cancrivorus LR/lc
- Common Raccoon Procyon lotor LR/lc
- Cozumel Island Raccoon Procyon pygmaeus EN
- Genus: Nasua
- White-nosed Coati Nasua narica LR/lc
- Cozumel Island Coati Nasua nelsoni EN
- Genus: Bassaricyon
- Bushy-tailed Olingo Bassaricyon gabbii LR/nt
- Harris's Olingo Bassaricyon lasius EN
- Chiriqui Olingo Bassaricyon pauli EN
- Genus: Potos
- Kinkajou Potos flavus LR/lc
- Genus: Bassariscus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Subfamily: Mustelinae
- Genus: Mustela
- Long-tailed Weasel Mustela frenata LR/lc
- Genus: Eira
- Tayra Eira barbara LR/lc
- Genus: Galictis
- Greater grison Galictis vittata LR/lc
- Genus: Mustela
- Subfamily: Lutrinae
- Genus: Lontra
- Neotropical River Otter Lontra longicaudis DD
- Genus: Lontra
- Subfamily: Mustelinae
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Subfamily: Monachinae
- Genus: Monachus
- Caribbean Monk Seal Monachus tropicalis EX
- Genus: Monachus
- Subfamily: Monachinae
- Family: Mephitidae
- Genus: Spilogale
- Eastern Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius LR/lc
- Genus: Mephitis
- Hooded Skunk Mephitis macroura LR/lc
- Genus: Conepatus
- Western Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus mesoleucus LR/lc
- Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus LR/lc
- Genus: Spilogale
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
- Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
- Genus: Tapirus
- Baird's Tapir Tapirus bairdii EN
- Genus: Tapirus
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
- Genus: Tayassu
- Collared Peccary Tayassu tajacu LR/lc
- White-lipped Peccary Tayassu pecari LR/lc
- Genus: Tayassu
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Genus: Mazama
- Red Brocket Mazama americana DD
- Genus: Odocoileus
- White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus LR/lc
- Genus: Mazama
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
Infraclass: Metatheria
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)
Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene.They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.
- Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
- Subfamily: Caluromyinae
- Genus: Caluromys
- Derby's Woolly Opossum Caluromys derbianus VU
- Genus: Caluromys
- Subfamily: Didelphinae
- Genus: Chironectes
- Water Opossum Chironectes minimus LR/nt
- Genus: Didelphis
- Common Opossum Didelphis marsupialis LR/lc
- Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana LR/lc
- Genus: Marmosa
- Grayish Mouse Opossum Marmosa canescens DD
- Mexican Mouse Opossum Marmosa mexicana LR/lc
- Robinson's Mouse Opossum Marmosa robinsoni LR/lc
- Genus: Marmosops
- Tschudi's Slender Opossum Marmosops impavidus LR/nt
- Slaty Slender Mouse Opossum Marmosops invictus LR/nt
- Genus: Metachirus
- Brown Four-eyed Opossum Metachirus nudicaudatus LR/lc
- Genus: Micoureus
- Alston's Mouse Opossum Micoureus alstoni LR/nt
- Genus: Monodelphis
- Sepia Short-tailed Opossum Monodelphis adusta LR/lc
- Genus: Philander
- Gray Four-eyed Opossum Philander opossum LR/lc
- Genus: Chironectes
- Subfamily: Caluromyinae
Notes
- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institute, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
References
- "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005.
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