Admiralty (United Kingdom)
The Admiralty Board is a division of the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence overseeing the affairs of the Royal Navy.
It should not be confused with the Board of Admiralty (officially the Lords Commissioners for Exercising the Office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, etc.) which it replaced.
See also Admiralty law
History
The office of Admiral of England, or Lord Admiral and later Lord High Admiral was created in approximately 1400. In 1546 King Henry VIII established the Council of the Marine later to became the Navy Board to oversee administrative affairs of the naval service. Operational control of the Navy remained the responsibility of the Lord High Admiral, who was the last of the Great Officers of State.
In 1628, Charles I put the office of Lord High Admiral into commission and control of the Royal Navy passed to a committee in the form of the Board of the Admiralty. Control of the Navy was passed to and from the board and the Lord High Admiral a number of times until 1709 when the powers of the Lord High Admiral were finally vested in the Board of Admiralty.
The Board of Admiralty consisted of admirals (known as Sea Lords) and civilian lords, normally politicians. The professional head of the Royal Navy was (and still is) known as the First Sea Lord. The civilian minister and president of the Board was known as the First Lord of the Admiralty.
In 1831 the Navy Board was abolished as a separate entity and its duties and responsibilities were given over to the Board of Admiralty.
In 1964 the Admiralty was subsumed into the Ministry of Defence along with the War Office and the Air Ministry. Within the expanded Ministry of Defence are a new Admiralty Board, Army Board and Air Force Board, each headed by the Secretary of State for Defence. (The new Admiralty Board was to have been called the Navy Board but for an amendment in the House of Lords).
The title of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom is now vested in the Sovereign. However, there continues to be appointed a Vice-Admiral and a Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom.
Lord High Admirals, 1413-1628
- Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter 1413 - 1426 (Lord High Admiral)
- John, Duke of Bedford 1426 - 1435 (Lord High Admiral)
- John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter 1435 - 1447 (Lord High Admiral)
- William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk 1447 - 1450
- Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter 1450 - 1461
- William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent 1462
- Richard, Duke of Gloucester 1462 - 1470
- Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick 1470 - 1471
- Richard, Duke of Gloucester 1471 - 1483
- John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk 1483 - 1485
- John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford 1485 - 1513
- Sir Edward Howard 1513
- Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey 1513 - 1525
- Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond 1525 - 1536
- William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton 1536 - 1540
- John Russell, 1st Lord Russell 1540 - 1542
- Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford 1542 - 1543
- John Dudley, Viscount Lisle 1543 - 1547
- Thomas Seymour, 1st Lord Seymour of Sudeley 1547 - 1549
- John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick 1549 - 1550
- Edward Clinton, 9th Lord Clinton 1550 - 1554
- William Howard, 1st Lord Howard of Effingham 1554 - 1558
- Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln 1558 - 1585
- Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1597) 1585 - 1619
- George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham 1619 - 1628
Lords High Admiral and First Lords of the Admiralty, 1628-1709
- Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1628 - 1635
- Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey(First Lord of the Admiralty) 1635 - 1636
- William Juxon, Bishop of Lincoln (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1636 - 1638
- Algernon Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (Lord High Admiral to 1642, then First Lord of the Admiralty) 1638 - 1643
- Francis Cottington, 1st Lord Cottington 1643 - 1646
- none 1646-1660
- James Stuart, Duke of York and Albany (Lord High Admiral) 1660 - 1673
- King Charles II (Lord High Admiral) 1673
- Prince Rupert of the Palatinate, 1st Duke of Cumberland (Lord High Admiral) 1673 - 1679
- Sir Henry Capell (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1679 - 1681
- Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1681 - 1684
- King Charles II (Lord High Admiral) 1684 - 1685
- King James II (Lord High Admiral) 1685 - 1688
- King William III (Lord High Admiral) 1689
- Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington (Lord High Admiral to 1689, then First Lord of the Admiralty) 1689 - 1690
- Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1690 - 1692
- Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Lord Cornwallis of Eye (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1692 - 1693
- Anthony Carey, 5th Viscount of Falkland (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1693 - 1694
- Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1694 - 1699
- John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgwater (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1699 - 1701
- Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke(Lord High Admiral) 1701 - 1702
- Prince George of Denmark (Lord High Admiral) 1702 - 1708
- Queen Anne (Lord High Admiral) 1708
- Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke (Lord High Admiral) 1708 - 1709
First Lords of the Admiralty, 1709-1964
- Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford 1709 - 1710
- Sir John Leake 1710 - 1712
- Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford 1712 - 1714
- Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford 1714 - 1717
- James Berkeley, 3rd Earl of Berkeley 1717 - 1727
- George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington 1727 - 1733
- Sir Charles Wager 1733 - 1742
- Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea 1742 - 1744
- John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford 1744 - 1748
- John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich 1748 - 1751
- George Anson, 1st Baron Anson 1751 - 1756
- Richard Grenville, 2nd Earl Temple 1756 - 1757
- Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea 1757
- George Anson, 1st Baron Anson 1757 - 1762
- George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax 1762
- George Grenville 1763
- John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich 1763
- John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont 1763 - 1766
- Sir Charles Saunders 1766
- Sir Edward Hawke 1766 - 1771
- John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich 1771 - 1782
- Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel 1782 - 1783
- Richard Howe, 1st Viscount Howe 1783
- Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel 1783
- Richard Howe, 1st Viscount Howe 1783 - 1788
- John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham 1788 - 1794
- George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer 1794 - 1801
- John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent 1801 - 1804
- Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville 1804 - 1805
- Charles Middleton, 1st Lord Barham 1805 - 1806
- Charles Grey, Viscount Howick 1806
- Thomas Grenville 1806 - 1807
- Henry Phipps, 2nd Lord Mulgrave 1807 - 1810
- Charles Philip Yorke 1810 - 1812
- Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville 1812 - 1827
- HRH The Duke of Clarence (Lord High Admiral) 1827 - 1828
- Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville 1828 - 1830
- Sir James Graham 1830 - 1834
- George Eden, 2nd Lord Auckland 1834
- Thomas Robinson, 2nd Earl de Grey 1834 - 1835
- George Eden, 2nd Lord Auckland 1835
- Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto 1835 - 1841
- Thomas Hamilton, 9th Earl of Haddington 1841 - 1846
- Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough 1846
- George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland 1846 - 1849
- Sir Francis Thornhill Baring 1849 - 1852
- Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland 1852
- Sir James Graham 1852 - 1855
- Sir Charles Wood 1855 - 1858
- Sir John Pakington 1858 - 1859
- Edward Adolphus Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset 1859 - 1866
- Sir John Pakington 1866 - 1867
- Henry Thomas Lowry Corry 1867 - 1868
- Hugh Culling Eardley Childers 1868 - 1871
- George Joachim Goschen 1871 - 1874
- George Ward Hunt 1874 - 1877
- William Henry Smith 1877 - 1880
- Thomas George Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook 1880 - 1885
- Lord George Hamilton 1885 - 1886
- George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon 1886
- Lord George Hamilton 1886 - 1892
- John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer 1892 - 1895
- George Joachim Goschen 1895 - 1900
- William Waldegrave Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne 1900 - 1905
- Frederick Archibald Campbell, 3rd Earl Cawdor 1905
- Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Lord Tweedmouth 1905 - 1908
- Reginald McKenna 1908 - 1911
- Winston Churchill 1911 - 1915
- Arthur James Balfour 1915 - 1916
- Sir Edward Carson 1916 - 1917
- Sir Eric Geddes 1917 - 1919
- Walter Hume Long 1919 - 1921
- Arthur Hamilton Lee, 1st Lord Lee of Fareham 1921 - 1922
- Leopold Charles Amery 1922 - 1924
- Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford 1924
- William Clive Bridgeman 1924 - 1929
- Albert Victor Alexander 1929 - 1931
- Sir Austen Chamberlain 1931
- Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell 1931 - 1936
- Sir Samuel Hoare 1936 - 1937
- Alfred Duff Cooper 1937 - 1938
- James Richard Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope 1938 - 1939
- Winston Churchill 1939 - 1940
- Albert Victor Alexander 1940 - 1945
- Brendan Bracken 1945
- Albert Victor Alexander 1945 - 1946
- George Hall, 1st Viscount Hall 1946 - 1951
- Francis Aungier Pakenham, 1st Lord Pakenham 1951
- James Purdon Lewes Thomas, 1st Viscount Cilcennan (1955) 1951 - 1956
- Quintin McGarel Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham 1956 - 1957
- George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk 1957 - 1959
- Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, 1959-1963
- George Patrick John Rushworth Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe 1963-1964
Admirals of the Fleet, 1795-1827
- Richard Howe, Earl Howe 1795-1799
- Sir Peter Parker 1799-1811
- Prince William, Duke of Clarence 1811-1827
First Sea Lords, 1828-Present
- Sir George Cockburn 1828-1830
- Sir Thomas Hardy 1830-1834
- Sir George Dundas 1834
- Sir Charles Adam 1834
- Sir George Cockburn 1834-1835
- Sir Charles Adam 1835-1841
- Sir George Cockburn 1841-1846
- Sir William Parker 1846
- Sir Charles Adam 1846-1847
- Sir James Dundas 1847-1852
- Maurice Fitzhardinge-Berkeley, Lord Fitzhardinge 1852
- Hyde Parker 1852-1854
- Baron Fitzhardinge 1854-1857
- Sir Richard Dundas 1857-1858
- Sir William Martin 1858-1859
- Sir Richard Dundas 1859-1861
- Sir Frederick Grey 1861-1866
- Sir Alexander Milne 1866-1868
- Sir Sydney Dacres 1868-1872
- Sir Alexander Milne 1872-1876
- Sir Hastings Yelverston 1876-1877
- Sir George Wellesley 1877-1879
- Sir Astley Cooper-Key 1879-1885
- Arthur Hood, Lord Hood of Avalon 1885-1886
- Sir John Hay 1886
- Arthur Hood, Lord Hood of Avalon 1886-1889
- Sir Vesey Hamilton 1889-1891
- Sir Anthony Hoskins 1891-1893
- Sir Frederick Richards 1893-1899
- Lord Walter Kerr 1899-1904
- Sir John Fisher 1904-1910
- Sir Arthur Wilson 1910-1911
- Sir Francis Bridgeman 1911-1912
- Prince Louis of Battenberg 1912-1914
- Sir John Fisher 1914-1915
- Sir Henry Jackson 1915-1916
- John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe 1916-1917
- Rosslyn Wemyss, Lord Wester Wemyss of Wemyss 1917-1919
- David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty of the North Sea and Brooksby 1919-1927
- Sir Charles Madden 1927-1930
- Sir Frederick Field 1930-1933
- Ernle Chatfield, Lord Chatfield 1933-1938
- Sir Roger Backhouse 1938-1939
- Sir Dudley Pound 1939-1943
- Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope 1943-1946
- Sir John Cunningham 1946-1948
- Bruce Fraser, Lord Fraser of North Cape 1948-1951
- Sir Rhoderick McGrigor 1951-1955
- Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1955-1959
- Sir Charles Lambe 1959-1960
- Sir Caspar John 1960-1963
- Sir David Luce 1963-1966
- Sir Varyl Begg 1966-1968
- Sir Michael Lefanu 1968-1970
- Peter Hill-Norton, Lord Hill-Norton of South Nuffield 1970-1971
- Sir Michael Pollock 1971-1974
- Sir Edward Ashmore 1974-1977
- Terence Lewin, Lord Lewin of Greenwich 1977-1979
- Sir Henry Leach 1979-1982
- John Fieldhouse, Lord Fieldhouse 1982-1985
- Sir William Staveley 1985-1989
- Sir Julian Oswald 1989-1993
- Sir Benjamin Bathurst 1993-1995
- Sir Jock Slater 1995-1998
- Sir Michael Boyce 1998-2001
- Sir Nigel Essenhigh 2001-2002
- Sir Alan West 2002-present