Charles XIII
| Charles XIII | |
|---|---|
| King of Sweden and Norway | |
| Charles XIII of Sweden | |
| Reign | 1809 – 5 February 1818 |
| Predecessor | Gustav IV Adolf |
| Successor | Charles XIV John |
| House | Holstein-Gottorp |
| Father | Adolf Frederick |
| Mother | Louisa Ulrika of Prussia |
Charles XIII (Swe: Carl XIII) (7 October, 1748 - 5 February, 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Carl II) from 1814 until his death. He was the second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.
Life and politics
In 1772 he cooperated in the revolutionary plans of his elder brother Gustav III of Sweden. On the outbreak of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788 he served with distinction as admiral of the fleet, especially at the battles of Hogland (June 7, 1788) and Öland (July 26, 1789). On the latter occasion he would have won a signal victory but for the unaccountable remissness of his second-in-command, Admiral Liljehorn.
He was interested in politics, or rather, he was interested in power, and was suspected of a lot of intrigues against his brother, but never accused of anything. He was also very interested in supernatural things and mysticism. It is said that he was one of the best clients of the celebrated occultist Ulrica Arfvidsson and even asked her for political advice during the 1780s; he was also interested in the activitys by the male medium Henrik Gustaf Ulfvenklou, who made a great success as a medium in the citys aristocracy during the season 1783-1784 and had great influence over the duke.
On the death of Gustav III, Charles, now duke of Södermanland, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme. These four years were perhaps the most miserable and degrading in Swedish history (an age of lead succeeding an age of gold, as it has well been called) and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic jacobinism and ruthless despotism.
On the coming of age of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (November 1796), the duke became a mere cipher in politics until March 13, 1809, when those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed him regent, and he was finally elected king by the Riksdag of the Estates. But by this time he was prematurely decrepit, and Crown Prince Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte took over the government as soon as he landed in Sweden in 1810. By the Union of Sweden and Norway in 1814 Charles became king of Norway under the name Carl II of Norway. After eight years as king only by title, Charles died without a natural heir on February 5, 1818, and Bernadotte succeeded him as King Charles XIV John.
His marital relationship was very distant; although initially fond of his beautiful and lively bride, they lived most of their lives separated and both had extramarital affairs. During his old age, when he became king, he began to follow her around, irritating her by asking the same questions repeatedly. One of his best known mistresses was Charlotte Slottsberg, who also had influence over him.
Ancestors
| Swedish royalty |
| House of Holstein-Gottorp |
|---|
 |
| Adolf Frederick |
| Gustav III |
| Gustav IV Adolf |
|
| Charles XIII |
|
Children and family
He married his cousin Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (1759–1818), on July 7, 1774 but both of their children died in infancy.
With his mistress, Augusta Fersen he had a son:
- Carl Löwenhielm 1772–1861
See also
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
