Ukuhlukunyezwa nge-Cyber
Ukuhlukunyezwa (ezinkundleni zokuxhumana) uhlobo lokuhlukumeza ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-elekthronikhi. Kuye kwaba yinto ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha nentsha, ngenxa yokusebenzisa okwengeziwe kwemithombo yezokuxhumana kwentsha.[1] Izinkinga ezihlobene zihlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-inthanethi kanye ne-trolling. Ngo-2015, ngokwezibalo zokuhlukunyezwa ezivela ku-i-Safe Foundation, abangaphezu kwengxenye yentsha nentsha babehlukunyezwe ku-inthanethi, futhi cishe inani elifanayo babehileleke ekuhlukunyezweni kwe-cyber. Bobabili umhlukumezi kanye nesisulu bathinta kabi, futhi ukuqina, ubude, kanye nokuvama kokuhlukunyezwa kuyizici ezintathu ezandisa imiphumela emibi kubo bobabili.[2]
Amasu
Ukuziphatha okuxhaphazayo kungahlanganisa ukuthumela amahemuhemu, izinsongo, izinkulumo zobulili, Ulwazi lomuntu siqu sakhe, noma Inkulumo yenzondo.[3] Ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukuhlumeza kungabonakala ngokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe nenhloso yokulimaza.[4] Amaqhinga angaphinde ahlanganise ukudala noma ukuthumela kumaphrofayili omgunyathi ukudala ukungaziwa ukuze kusakazwe imiyalezo elimazayo. Template:Ifsubst[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span>]
Umbono Obanzi
Ukuhlukunyezwa ezimweni eziningi kuwukwandiswa kokuhlukunyezwa okungokwesiko okukhona kakade.[5][6] Abafundi abahlukunyezwa nge-Intanethi, ezimweni eziningi, nabo bahlukunyezwa ngezinye izindlela ezingokwesiko ngaphambili (isibonelo, ngokomzimba noma ngamazwi). Kunabantwana abambalwa abahlukunyezwa kuphela nge-Intanethi; lezi zinsolo zokuhlukunyezwa zivame ukuba abafundi abanamandla ngokomzimba, okubangela abahlukumezi ukuthi bakhethe izingxabano eziku-inthanethi kunokuxhumana ubuso nobuso esikoleni.[5]
Ukuqapha e-United States kukhule ngawo unyaka ka-2010, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yamacala aphakeme.[7] Izifundazwe eziningana zase-US namanye amazwe ziye zamisa imithetho yokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa.Ezinye zikanyelwe ngokuqondile ukuhlushwa kwentsha, kuyilapho ezinye zanda kusuka emkhakheni wokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba. Ezimweni zokuhlukunyezwa kwe-cyber kwabantu abadala, le mibiko ivame ukufakwa kuqala ngamaphoyisa endawo. Imithetho iyahlukahluka ngokwendawo noma isifundazwe.
IZINKOMBA
- ↑ Smith, Peter K.; Mahdavi, Jess. "Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils". The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 49 (4): 376–385. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.
- ↑ Peebles, E (2014). "Cyberbullying: Hiding behind the screen.". Paediatrics & Child Health 19 (10): 527–528. doi:10.1093/pch/19.10.527.
- ↑ Cyberbullying – Law and Legal Definitions US Legal
- ↑ An Educator's Guide to Cyberbullying Brown Senate.gov, archived from the original on April 10, 2011
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Burger, C.; Bachmann, L. (2021). "Perpetration and victimization in offline and cyber contexts: A variable– and person–oriented examination of associations and differences regarding domain–specific self–esteem and school adjustment.". Int J Environ Res Public Health 18 (19): 10429. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910429. PMC 8508291. PMID 34639731. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8508291.
- ↑ Waasdorp, T.E.; Bradshaw, C.P. (2015). "The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying.". Journal of Adolescent Health 56 (5): 483–488. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.12.002. PMID 25631040.
- ↑ Chapin, John. Adolescents and Cyber Bullying: The Precaution Adoption Process Model. p. 719–728.