Sukhoi Su-33

Sukhoi Su-33
Pesawat Su-33 di atas kapal pengangkut pesawat Admiral Kuznetsov
Penerangan
Jenis	Pesawat Tempur Pelbagai Peranan
Pengeluar	Sukhoi
Penerbangan sulung	Mei 1985
Pengguna pertama	Tentera Laut Rusia
Variasi	Dibangunkan dari Sukhoi Su-27
Krew	1
Jumlah dibina	24+
Status	Aktif
Dimensi
Panjang	21.94 m
Tinggi	5.93 m
Rentas sayap	7.40 m (dilipat), 14.70 m (normal)
Luas sayap	62 m²
Berat
Berat tanpa muatan	18,400 kg
Berat muatan penuh	29,940 kg
Berat berlepas maksimum	33,000 kg
Janakuasa
Enjin	2× Lyulka AL-31F kipas turbo lepas pembakaran
Tujahan maksimum	123 kN setiap enjin
Persenjataan
Meriam	1x 30 mm meriam GSh-30-1 dengan 150 butir peluru
Bom	Sehingga 6,500 kg persenjataan di 12 tenggekan luar termasuk : Peluru berpandu udara-ke-udara R-27/R-73 Pelbagai bom dan roket Pod ECM
Prestasi
Kelajuan maksimum	Mac 2.17 (2,300 km/j) di altitud 10,000 m
Kelajuan menegun (bersih)	240 km/j
Jarak tempur	3,000 km
Altitud tertinggi	17,000 m
Kadar panjat	325 m/s

Sukhoi Su-33 (nama pengenalan NATO Flanker-D) adalah sebuah pesawat tempur pelbagai peranan di atas kapal pengangkut pesawat yang dikeluarkan oleh firma Sukhoi, Rusia bermula pada tahun 1982. Ia adalah terbitan daripada pesawat Su-27 'Flanker' yang pada mulanya dikenali sebagai Su-27K. Perbezaan utamanya berbanding dengan pesawat Su-27 adalah pesawat Su-33 boleh dioperasikan di atas kapal pengakut pesawat. Tidak seperti pesawat Su-27, pesawat Su-33 dilengkapkan dengan keupayaan untuk mengisi minyak di udara.

Pembangunan

The Su-33 first flew in May 1985, and entered service in the Russian Navy in 1994. An air regiment comprising 24 fighters of the type was formed upon the Russian Navy's only operating aircraft carrier, Admiral Kuznetsov.

During testing, each pilot made 400 landings on a concrete runway matching the size, and shape of the carrier deck, in order to practice no-flare landing technique before making an actual landing on a carrier deck. Despite this, at one point a minor accident occurred during a touch-and-go. During a landing, the wind blew at 45 degrees to the port beam causing the prototype (then called T-10K), piloted by Victor Pugachev, to drift 3 meters off course, nearly causing an accident. As the aircraft cleared the deck, a landing gear oleo struck several struts on the lower hull sponson. The struts buckled but the aircraft was undamaged. The pilots of both the MiG-29K 'Fulcrum-D' and Su-27K had all already seen the struts but did not complain about the placement because they were below flight deck level, their only objection being the turbulence generated by the sponson, which was later fixed.

The first actual carrier landing did not pass without incident, as would be hoped. It was discovered that despite the shortening of the fighter, it was still too tall to fit through the hangar door, and special clamps had to be fitted to the landing gear to squeeze it through the hangar.

The next day, it was found prior to takeoff, that when the water cooled jet blast deflectors were set at their normal setting of 60 degrees, they were too close to the engine nozzles. They were ordered to be set at 45 degrees, but the actuator could not hold them in that position. The crew then improvised makeshift braces out of steel pipe to hold the deflector in position. Unfortunately, the welders neglected to clear the metal fragments that resulted from their work, and these fragments pelted observers. Then to make matters worse, the pop-up detents would not retract when ordered, and the prototype sat in front of the shield for 8 seconds longer then the maximum safe time of 6 seconds. This then caused the shield's water pipes to explode, blowing apart the shield. Some observers believed the fighters fuel lines had ruptured and ran, fearing an explosion. Pugachev, who was piloting, was then ordered to throttle back his engines which resulted in the detents retracting, causing the fighter to jerk forward. Pugachev reacted quickly and stood on the brakes and shut off the engines. The fighter was towed to another position and Pugachev took off without using jet blast deflectors, or detents, climbed steeply, performed the Pugachev's Cobra and flew away. From then on, a Kamov Ka-27PS search-and-rescue helicopter was flown close to the carrier in the event of an accident.

Penerangan

Unlike comparable American carrier-borne fighters like the F-14 Tomcat, the Su-33 is designed to use a ski-jump instead of catapult for carrier takeoff. The ski jump provides many advantages over a catapult launch. The most evident is that a ski jump does not put stress on the airframe and pilot, allowing lower weight because less structural reinforcement is required and prevents G-LOC (G-induced loss of consciousness.) Also, with a ski jump launch, the aircraft can engage full afterburner earlier than a catapult launch, because the aircraft is restrained by pop-up detents rather than a catapult shoe. Once in the air the aircraft has a positive AOA as well as pitch angular speed which increases during acceleration, and assists the climb. This method does require an aircraft that is more stable and maneuverable at low speeds. On the down side, an aircraft launched off a ski jump cannot launch at maximum takeoff weight (unless MTOW is very light to begin with, as in the BAe Harrier and its family), so either combat load or range will suffer vis a vis a catapulted aircraft. Large aircraft cannot launch off a ski jump at all, restricting a ski jump-equipped carrier to tactical aviation only.

The Su-33 sports canards that shorten the take-off distance and improve maneuverability, but required reshaping of the leading edge extensions. The canards counter pitch-down force generated by leading and trailing edge flaps reducing approach speed by 1.5 times; They also act as destabilizers in supersonic flight, by reducing pitch trim drag. The wing area was also increased, though the span remained unchanged. The wings were fitted with power-assisted folding, and the vertical tails were shortened to allow the fighter to fit in the typically crowded hangars of an aircraft carrier. The rear radome was shortened and reshaped to allow for the tail hook, as well as to save space inside the hangars. The IRST was moved to provide better downward visibility and an L-shaped retractable refuelling probe was fitted to increase range.

The Su-33 carries guided missiles such as the Kh-25MP, Kh-31 and H-41. The plane can be used in both night and day operations at sea. It can operate under assistance of the command center ship, or in conjunction with a Kamov Ka-31 (a variant of the Ka-27) early-warning helicopter. The R-27EM missiles provide it the capability to intercept antiship missiles.

Other than air defence, the duties of the Su-33 include destruction of enemy ASW, AWACS, and transport aircraft, anti-shipping strike, support of amphibious landing, escort, reconnaissance, and laying of minefields.

Eksport

Sebuah akhbar bercirikan peniagaan, Kommersant telah melaporkan pada 23 Oktober 2006Eksport pesawat pejuang ke China bahawa syarikat milik negara Rosoboronexport dalam rundingan terakhir dengan Republik Rakyat China untuk membekalkan sehingga 50 buah pesawat berharga AS$ 2.5 bilion. China pada mulanya akan memperoleh 2 buah pesawat dengan harga AS$100 juta untuk ujian dengan pilihan untuk memiliki tambahan 12-48 buah pesawat. Pesawat-pesawat ini dijangka akan digunakan dalam program kapal pengangkut pesawat China.

Selepas Pamera Udara Zhuhai ke-6 pada musim luruh tahun 2006, Timbalan Pengarah Pertama Biro Kerjasama Teknologi Ketenteraan, Rusia, Leftenan Jeneral Aleksander Denisov daripada Tentera Udara Rusia mengesahkan pada sidang akhbar bahawa China telah bertanya pada Rusia akan kemungkinan pembelian pesawat Su-33. Rundingan telah bermula pada tahun 2007. Berita Agensi Xinhua kemudiannya telah melaporkan maklumat ini di laman web internet ketenteraannya pada 1 November, 2006 dan ini merupakan satu-satunya pengakuan rasmi kerajaan China yang diketahui berkenaan hal ini. Walaupun begitu, kedua-dua Jeneral Rusia dan pemberita China tidak memberi maklumat lanjut samada perjanjian ini merupakan pembelian terus, pemasangan yang dilesenkan atau pemindahan teknologi, tetapi hanya menyatakan bahawa China merancang untuk "memperkenalkan pesawat Su-33".

Pengguna

Rusia

• Tentera Laut Rusia

Rujukan

• Federation of American Scientists
• Gordon, Y. Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker: Air Superiority Fighter. Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-029-7.

Pautan luar

• 153 shots of Su-33 on ScaleModels.ru
• SU-33 Aerospaceweb
• SU-33 Sukhoi
• SU-33 Airforce Technology

Lihat juga

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