Evolution-Data Optimized

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1x Evolution-Data Optimized, abbreviated as EV-DO or 1xEV-DO and often EVDO, is a wireless radio broadband data standard adopted by many CDMA mobile phone service providers in Japan, Korea, the Czech Republic, Russia, Latvia, Romania, Portugal, Brazil, Israel, the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Venezuela, Angola, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. It is standardized by 3GPP2, as part of the CDMA family of standards. 1xEV-DO is pronounced "Wun-Ex E-Vee-Dee-Oh." It is commonly referred in the industry as DO ("Dee-Oh").

Background

The initial design of 1xEV-DO was developed by Qualcomm in 1999 to meet IMT-2000 requirements for a greater-than 2-Mbit/s downlink for stationary communications. Initially, the standard was called HDR (High Data Rate), and was renamed to 1xEV-DO after it was ratified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU); it was given the numerical designation IS-856. Originally, 1xEV-DO stood for "1x Evolution-Data Only", referring to its being a direct evolution of the 1x (1xRTT) air interface standard, with its channels carrying only data traffic. (The title of the 1xEV-DO standard document is "cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification", as cdma2000 (lowercase) is another name for the 1x standard, numerically designated as IS-2000.) Later, likely due to the possible negative connotations of the word "only" in its marketing, the "DO" part of the standard's name 1xEV-DO was changed to stand for "Data Optimized". So 1xEV-DO now stands for "1x Evolution-Data Optimized" [1], providing a more marketing-friendly emphasis that the technology was optimized for data transfers.

Compared to the 1x (1xRTT) networks still being used by operators, or the GPRS and EDGE networks employed by their GSM competitors, 1xEV-DO is significantly faster, providing access terminals (mobile devices) with air interface speeds of up to 2.4576 Mb/s with Rev. 0 and up to 3.1 Mb/s with Rev. A. Only terminals with 1xEV-DO chipsets can take advantage of the higher speeds. HSDPA is a competing technology for UMTS (W-CDMA) networks standardized in 3GPP, and has the advantage of being able to do talk and surf the internet simultaneously unlike 1xEV-DO.

When deployed with a voice network, 1xEV-DO requires a separate radio channel of 1.25 MHz. The successor to the first revision of the standard, 1xEV-DO Rev. 0, is called 1xEV-DO Rev. A, and is currently being commercially deployed in Japan. Rev. A will be deployed in the United States by Sprint and Verizon Wireless in 2006. Rev. A offers fast packet establishment on both the forward and reverse links along with air interface enhancements that reduce latency and improve data rates. In addition to the increase in the maximum downlink (forward link) data rate from 2.4576 Mb/s in Rev. 0 to 3.1 Mb/s, Rev. A has a 12-times improvement in the maximum uplink (reverse link) data rate, from .15 Mb/s to 1.8 Mb/s. EV-DO Rev. A supports low latency services including VoIP and Video Telephony on the same carrier with traditional Internet packet data services.

Potential Competing Standards

Motorola proposed a new system called 1Xtreme as an evolution of CDMA2000 1x, but it was rejected by 3GPP2 standardization body. Later, a competing standard called 1xEV-DV (which was developed by Qualcomm, Lucent, Nokia, Motorola, etc. in 3GPP2) was proposed as an alternate evolution of CDMA. 1xEV-DV stands for Evolution-Data and Voice, since the channel structure was backwards compatible with IS-95 and IS-2000 (1xRTT), allowing an in-band network deployment. (1xEV-DO requires an overlay network when deployed in mixed mode.)

It should be noted that 1xEV-DO is technically superior to 1xEV-DV because it did not have to be backward compatible, and thus was free to explore, for example, different pilot structures, reverse link silence periods, improved control channels, etc. In addition, since 1xEV-DO uses an IP network and does not require a SS7 network and complex network switches such as an MSC (mobile switching center), the network cost is less than that of 1xEV-DV. Another factor that affected operators' decision to use 1xEV-DO was equipment was not available for 1xEV-DV in time to meet market demands whereas the 1xEV-DO equipment and mobile ASICs were available and tested by the time the 1xEV-DV standard was completed. As a result, the 1xEV-DV standard was less attractive to operators, and has not been implemented. In fact, with the announcement by Verizon Wireless and later Sprint Nextel in 2004 of plans for deployment of 1xEV-DO, and similar announcements by smaller operators in 2005, Qualcomm in March 2005 suspended development of 1xEV-DV chipsets, and focused its efforts toward improving the 1xEV-DO product line.

EV-DO Service Providers

In the U.S., Verizon Wireless and Sprint have completed significant deployment of 1xEV-DO since 2004. Sprint currently is covering a population of over 150 million, while Verizon reaches 148 million as of January 2006. As of February 2006, Verizon Wireless has EV-DO rolled out to 181 markets and Sprint has EV-DO rolled out to 220 markets. Alltel has also deployed EV-DO to a few markets as of January 2006. EV-DO domestic roaming between carriers is currently not available in US, however several large carriers have plans to implement roaming between data networks. Sprint in the US and Bell Canada now have EVDO roaming agreements, currently at no additional charge. Sprint also signed a new roaming agreement with Alltel for both voice and (1x & EV-DO) data roaming. The new agreement gives customers of both companies access to each others networks. A list of US markets with EV-DO is being maintained here.

Companies with 1xEV-DO networks in service

  • Pelephone - full rollout in Egypt and Israel finished in 2005.
  • Zapp Radiomóvel - coverage in major cities and 90% of populated area of Portugal—check coverage in your area here (in Portuguese).
  • Zapp Mobile - coverage in major cities and 87% of the area of Romania—check coverage in your area here.
  • Triatel - coverage in major cities of Latvia
  • SaskTel - coverage limited to Regina and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
  • Manitoba Telecom Services - coverage in Winnipeg and Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
  • [MIO] - island-wide(<--lokual ta un kaka) coverage in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
  • Eurotel in the Czech Republic has been operating a 1xEV-DO network that runs at 450 MHz since 2004.
  • SkyLink - coverage in St. Petersburg and Moscow, Russia

EV-DO Data Cards

EV-DO Phones

Some phones that are 1xEV-DO-enabled are:

EV-DO Mobile Routers

  • Omniwav Mobile makes several lines of cellular routers that are especially good in mobile environments. The CM3 is a low-cost consumer router and the EV1 is their secure enterprise router. They also have GPS options for these routers for fleet tracking capabilities. The routers are fully integrated and ruggedized for remote access and use in vehicles and boats.
  • Kyocera/D-Link KR1 mobile router for consumers
  • Verilink NetPath 2000 VPN router for secure enterprise customers
  • WAAV is a distributor of Omniwav Mobile's CM3 router that is geared for the "WiFiYourRide" crowd.

EV-DO Network Equipment Suppliers

The following companies are leading providers of EV-DO infrastructure equipment:

EV-DO Resources

Here are some resources on EV-DO:

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