1862 Atlantic hurricane season
| 1862 Atlantic hurricane season | |
|---|---|
 Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | June 15, 1862 |
| Last system dissipated | November 25, 1862 |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Two and Three |
| • Maximum winds | 105 mph (165 km/h) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total fatalities | Unknown |
| Total damage | Unknown |
The 1862 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and late fall of 1862. The season comprised three tropical storms and three hurricanes, none of which became major hurricanes.[nb 1] However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.[2] Five of the six known 1862 cyclones were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz.[3] Tropical Storm Six was first identified in 2003, by Michael Chenoweth, from records taken at Colón, Panama.[4]
Timeline
Season summary
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Storms
Tropical Storm One
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | June 15 – June 17 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); |
Based on reports from four ships, a tropical storm is known to have existed for two days in mid-June off the east coast of the United States.[3] It formed approximately 550 km (340 mi) east of Savannah, Georgia on June 15 and moved slowly north before dissipating two days later some 400 km (250 mi) off Virginia Beach.[5]
Hurricane Two
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 18 – August 21 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min); |
A Category 2 hurricane was first seen on August 18 approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) east of the Florida peninsula. Over the next three days it tracked north parallel to the east coast of the United States. It never came closer than 700 km (430 mi) to the coast and dissipated some 500 km (310 mi) from Nova Scotia on August 21.[5]
Hurricane Three
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | September 12 – September 20 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min); |
This Category 2 hurricane never made a landfall and is only known from ship reports. On September 12, a Spanish ship, the Julian de Unsueta was demasted by a strong gale and thrown onto her beam ends. Some days later she docked at St.Thomas. On September 13, the barks Montezuma and Gazelle were both demasted by a hurricane near Barbados. No information is available on the hurricane between September 14 to 16, but on September 17, the barks Abbyla and Elias Pike encountered the hurricane, some 800 km (500 mi) off the coast of North Carolina. Several ships reported encountering hurricane conditions on September 19 off the east coast of the United States, some as far north as Sable Island.[3] Taken together these reports give a track starting 800 km (500 mi) northeast of the Virgin Islands on September 12 and ending on September 20 off the coast of Novia Scotia
Tropical Storm Four
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | October 6 – October 6 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); |
On October 5 a tropical storm caused flooding in St. Lucia. That day and throughout the next, high winds and heavy rain struck Speightstown, Barbados. The storm may also have affected St.Vincent. No track has been identified for the storm and it has been assigned a single location in the HURDAT database.[3]
Hurricane Five
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | October 14 – October 16 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); |
A Category 1 hurricane was first seen on October 14 approximately 500 km (310 mi) west of Bermuda. It struck the schooner Albert Treat, throwing her onto her beam ends. The schooner suffered considerable damage and three men were lost. The next day, further north, the bark Acacia was struck by the hurricane but managed to make it to safety. Throughout October 16 the hurricane traveled northward, parallel to the east coast of the United States. The ship Oder reported losing her sails in a hurricane off Sable Island that day. The storm became extratropical around midday on the 16th and had dissipated completely by October 17.[3]
Tropical Storm Six
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | November 22 – November 25 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); |
Based on meteorlogical records kept by an officer of the US steamer 'James Adger', which were recovered in 2003, a strong tropical storm was centred to the northwest of Aspinwall, Panama from November 22 through to November 25. The storm weakened late on the 24th and began drifting slowly westward on November 25 before dissipating later that day.[4]
See also
- List of tropical cyclones
- List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
- Tropical cyclone observation
- Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project
Notes
- ^ A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.[1]
References
- ^ Chris Landsea; Neal Dorst (ed.) (June 2, 2011). "A: Basic Definitions". Hurricane Research Division: Frequently Asked Questions. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane ? What is an intense hurricane ?. Retrieved December 27, 2011.
{{cite book}}:|author2=has generic name (help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Landsea, C. W. (2004). "The Atlantic hurricane database re-analysis project: Documentation for the 1851–1910 alterations and additions to the HURDAT database". In Murname, R. J.; Liu, K.-B. (ed.). Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present and Future. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 177–221. ISBN 0-231-12388-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|display-authors=1(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ a b c d e Fernández-Partagás, José; Diaz, Henry F. (1995a). A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources 1851-1880 Part 1: 1851-1870. Boulder, Colorado: Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ a b Hurricane Research Division (2008). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- ^ a b Hurricane Research Division (2012). "Easy to Read HURDAT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 23, 2012.