2012 United States presidential debates

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2012 U.S. presidential election
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On October 31, 2011, the bipartisan Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) announced four debates for the 2012 U.S. presidential general election, slated for various locations around the United States in October 2012 – three of them involving the major party presidential nominees (later determined to be Democratic President Barack Obama from Illinois and former Republican Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts), and one involving the vice-presidential nominees (Vice President Joe Biden from Delaware and Representative Paul Ryan of Wisconsin).[1]

The CPD stipulates three criteria for eligibility: constitutionally eligible, appearance on enough ballots to potentially reach 270 electoral votes, and average at least 15% on five selected national polls.[2] Four candidates achieved the first two criteria: Democratic nominee Barack Obama, Green nominee Jill Stein,[3] Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson,[4] and Republican nominee Mitt Romney. Only Obama and Romney also satisfy the third criterion of averaging 15% in five selected national polls and thus are the only two to appear in 2012 CPD debates.

The moderators for the debates were announced on August 13, 2012.[5][6]

All four debates took place between 9 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. EDT (6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. PDT).[7]

Subsequently, on October 3, 2012, both campaigns executed a memorandum of understanding governing technical and administrative details of the debate.[8] The agreement describes the role of the moderator, rules applicable to each debate, staging and seating arrangements, and ticket distribution, and was signed by Robert Bauer and Benjamin Ginsberg, general counsel of the Obama and Romney campaigns, respectively.[8]

A non-CPD sanctioned debate, moderated by Larry King and organized by the Free and Equal Elections Foundation in protest of the CPD's monopoly of presidential debates, took place on October 23, 2012 between 9 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. EDT. Four third party candidates — Rocky Anderson, Virgil Goode, Gary Johnson and Jill Stein — took part. Mitt Romney and Barack Obama were also invited, but did not participate.[9] On October 22, the Free and Equal Elections Foundation announced a second third-party presidential debate which was originally scheduled to be held between 9 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. EDT on October 30, featuring the top two candidates from the post-debate poll conducted after the first debate, Jill Stein and Gary Johnson, selected using Instant run-off voting.[10] The debate is to be hosted by RT.[11] On October 28, the date of this debate was changed to November 5 due to Hurricane Sandy.[12]

On October 25, Ralph Nader announced that he would be hosting and moderating a 2-hour presidential debate between Rocky Anderson, Jill Stein, Virgil Goode and Gary Johnson, on November 4, 2012 between 7:30 p.m. and 9:30 p.m.[13]

Debate schedule

First presidential debate (domestic policy)
Wednesday, October 3; Magness Arena, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado[1]
Moderator: Jim Lehrer[6] – PBS
Video: C-SPAN, BBC, YouTube
Transcripts: CNN, NPR w/audio, Washington Post, LA Times, The New York Times
Fact-checking: FactCheck.org, Washington Post
Vice presidential (domestic and foreign policy)
Thursday, October 11; Norton Center for the Arts, Centre College, Danville, Kentucky[1]
Moderator: Martha Raddatz[6] – ABC
Video: C-SPAN, BBC, YouTube
Transcripts: CNN, NPR w/audio, Washington Post
Fact-checking: FactCheck.org, PolitiFact.com, Washington Post
Second presidential debate (town hall format)
Tuesday, October 16; David S. Mack Sports and Exhibition Complex, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York[1]
Moderator: Candy Crowley[6] – CNN
Video: C-SPAN, BBC, YouTube
Transcripts: CNN, NPR w/audio, McClatchy, Washington Post
Fact-checking: Boston.com, FactCheck.org, Politico, PolitiFact.com, The New York Times, The Washington Post
Third presidential debate (foreign policy)
Monday, October 22; World Performing Arts Center, Lynn University, Boca Raton, Florida[1]
Moderator: Bob Schieffer[6] – CBS
Video: C-SPAN, BBC, YouTube
Transcripts: CNN, NPR w/audio, McClatchy, Washington Post
Fact-checking: Boston.com, FactCheck.org, Politico, PolitiFact.com, The New York Times, The Washington Post
First Free and Equal Elections Foundation debate (third party)
Tuesday, October 23; Hilton Chicago, Chicago, Illinois[14]
Moderator: Larry King[15] – Ora.TV
Video: C-SPAN, YouTube
Fact-checking: The Washington Post
Ralph Nader presidential debate (third party)
Sunday, November 4; Busboys and Poets, Washington, D.C.
Moderator: Ralph Nader[16]
Second Free and Equal Elections Foundation debate (third party/foreign policy)
Monday, November 5; RT America studio, Washington, D.C.[10]
Moderator: Thom Hartmann - RT

October 3: First presidential debate (University of Denver)

Moderated by Jim Lehrer, PBS
DateOctober 3, 2012
LocationUniversity of Denver
Denver, Colorado
Participants
President Barack Obama
Governor Mitt Romney
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The first presidential debate took place on Wednesday, October 3 at Colorado's University of Denver, and was moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS.

Format

According to the memorandum of understanding agreed to by both campaigns prior to the debate,[17] and announced to the public prior to the start, both candidates would have no opening statement. There were six 15 minute segments, with the moderator introducing a topic and giving one candidate two minutes, the other candidate two minutes, and approximately 8 minutes and 45 seconds of facilitated discussion between the two candidates, with both candidates receiving approximately equal time. However, due to candidate responses extending beyond the limit, the last few segments were markedly shorter.[18] Both candidates spoke in front of a podium. Other than applause at the beginning and end of the debate, there was no audience participation.[19]

The segments were on the economy and job creation, the federal deficit, entitlements and differences between the candidates on Social Security, health care and the Affordable Care Act, the role and mission of the federal government of the United States, and governing in a presidential system and dealing with gridlock.[19][20]

Reception

Over 67 million Americans watched the debate making it the most widely viewed first presidential debate in 32 years.[21] A CBS poll of uncommitted voters found that 46% thought that Romney had done better, 22% thought Obama had done better, and 32% thought that it was a tie.[22] A CNN poll found a greater advantage for Romney among debate watchers overall, with 67% feeling the former Massachusetts governor had done better, with only 25% believing that the president had done better.[23] A Gallup poll found that 72% of the debate watchers believed Romney was the clear winner, while only 20% were convinced that Obama had won; the widest margin of victory for any presidential debate in Gallup history.[24] Time Magazine's Joe Klein stated, "It was, in fact, one of the most inept performances I’ve ever seen by a sitting President."[25]

The primary critiques of Obama's performance were that he looked detached; seldom addressed his opponent directly; and was often looking down while Romney was speaking.[26][27] The performance of Jim Lehrer as the moderator was also widely criticized for frequently allowing the candidates to speak over their time limits.[28][29][30]

Several independent fact checkers noted that a number of factual discrepancies were found in various statements made by both Obama and Romney in the debate.[31][32][33] The Houston Chronicle reported that its "study of post-debate reports from factcheck.org, politifact.com, CBS, CNN, The Washington Post and Politico found that both Obama and Romney stretched the facts [in the debate]. But Obama did it a little less."[34]

Moderation

The performance of Jim Lehrer as the moderator was widely criticized for frequently allowing the candidates to speak over their time limits.[28][29]

Fox News wrote "The only consolation President Barack Obama had for his poor showing during Wednesday’s debate was that moderator Jim Lehrer did even worse."[35] Dan Abrams tweeted "Regardless of who is winning this debate, Jim Lehrer is losing".[36]

Lehrer defended his performance saying, "I’ve always said this and finally I had a chance to demonstrate it: The moderator should be seen little and heard even less. It is up to the candidates to ask the follow-up questions and challenge one another." Unlike many others, both Romney and Obama made favorable remarks about Lehrer.[30]

October 11: Vice presidential debate (Centre College)

Moderated by Martha Raddatz, ABC
DateOctober 11, 2012
LocationCentre College
Danville, Kentucky
Participants
Vice President Joe Biden
Congressman Paul Ryan

The vice presidential debate took place on Thursday, October 11 at Kentucky's Centre College, and was moderated by Martha Raddatz of ABC.

Format

The first and only debate between Vice President Joe Biden and Congressman Paul Ryan focused on domestic and foreign policy, and was broken down into nine 10-minute segments.[37] The foreign policy segments included questions on the attack on the American consulate in Libya, Iran, the civil war in Syria, and Afghanistan. The domestic policy segments included questions on health care, abortion, the national debt, Social Security, Medicare, and taxes.

Reception

A CBS poll of uncommitted voters showed 50% of those viewers saying Biden had done better, with 31% saying Ryan had done better.[38] A Reuters poll indicated Biden the superior candidate, 42% to 35%.[39] A CNN poll of debate watchers showed that 48% of viewers felt Ryan had done better, while 44% believed Biden had done better; CNN noted that the debate audience polled was about eight percentage points more Republican than the general population.[40] Much of the debate analysis[according to whom?] indicated that though both debaters performed adequately, Biden's performance helped to slow the momentum of the Romney campaign following the preceding presidential debate.[41]

The debate was watched by over 51 million people making it the third most watched vice presidential debate behind only 1984 (57 million) and 2008 (70 million).[42]

Moderation

Martha Raddatz was generally praised for her moderation during this debate.[43][44] However, she received criticism from former Alaska Governor and 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin for being too "tough" on Paul Ryan.[45]

October 16: Second presidential debate (Hofstra University)

Moderated by Candy Crowley, CNN
DateOctober 16, 2012
LocationHofstra University
Hempstead, New York
Participants
President Barack Obama
Governor Mitt Romney

The second presidential debate took place on Tuesday, October 16 at New York's Hofstra University, and was moderated by Candy Crowley of CNN. The debate followed a town hall format, with a group of noncommitted voters asking questions to the candidates, after which the moderator would ask follow-up questions.

The second debate dealt primarily with domestic affairs, but, unlike the first debate, did include some segues into foreign policy. Topics discussed included taxes, unemployment, job creation, the national debt, energy and energy independence, women's rights, both legal and illegal immigration, and the recent attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya.

Format

The Gallup Organization selected 82 undecided voters from the New York area to attend the debate. According to the rules set out by the Commission on Presidential Debates and codified in a memorandum of understanding between both candidates, each candidate received two minutes to answer the question, followed by a two minute rebuttal. The candidates often engaged each other during the rebuttal period, and Crowley also followed up with candidates.[46][47]

Although moderator Crowley had aimed to get fifteen voters to ask their questions, due to the length of candidate responses, only eleven questions were asked of the candidates by voters.[48] The questions were:

  • To Romney from a college student concerned about not being able to support himself after graduation
  • To Obama on the role of the Secretary of Energy in reducing gasoline prices
  • To Romney on his tax rate reduction plan and the potential of restricting or eliminating deductions and credits as a result
  • To Obama on inequalities between men and women in the workplace, specifically women earning less than men for the same work
  • To Romney on the differences between him and former president George W. Bush
  • To Obama on what he has done or accomplished to earn the questioner's vote in 2012
  • To Romney on his plans for immigrants without permanent residency in the United States
  • To Obama on who denied enhanced security prior to the attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi
  • To Obama on his accomplishments in reducing availability of assault weapons
  • To Romney on outsourcing and his plans on obtaining and retaining jobs in the United States
  • To Romney on the biggest misperceptions about him[49][50]

Reception

A CNN poll of debate watchers found that 46% of respondents believed that Obama had done better, with 39% believing that Romney had done better; CNN noted that the debate audience polled was about eight percentage points more Republican than the general population, similar to the Vice Presidential debate.[51] A CBS poll of uncommitted voters found that 37% believed Obama was superior in the second debate, 30% said that Romney was superior, and 33% called the debate a tie. 55% of the voters CBS polled said that Obama gave direct answers, while 49% said this about Romney.[52]

The overall consensus among liberals as well as some conservatives was that Obama's showing in the second debate was considerably stronger in comparison with the lukewarm reception of his performance in the first debate.[53]

Obama's performance was compared favorably to his performance in the first debate, which he was widely perceived to have lost. Analysts characterized him as more assertive and "tough" in the second debate.[54][55][56] Romney was perceived to have not done as well as his previous performance, missing several opportunities to rebut Obama.[57] In answer to a question about equal pay for women, Romney said that as Governor of Massachusetts he had solicited "binders full of women" qualified to serve in his administration. His comment became both an Internet meme and a political attack line.[58][59][60] Polls conducted by CBS, CNN, and Reuters/Ipsos found a plurality felt Obama had done better than Romney,[61][62][63] and a slight majority felt the same in a Gallup poll.[64]

Moderation

During the debate, moderator Candy Crowley created controversy when she interceded during a disagreement on whether Obama actually declared the Libyan consular attack as terrorism or whether Romney's assertion that Obama erroneously blamed an anti-Muslim video as the cause for two weeks before blaming it as a terrorist attack. Crowley was seen as agreeing with Obama's position.[65] Crowley said in part, during the debate, "He did call it an act of terror."[66] In his Rose Garden closing remarks, the President said in part, "No acts of terror will ever shake the resolve of this great nation."[67]

October 22: Third presidential debate (Lynn University)

Moderated by Bob Schieffer, CBS
DateOctober 22, 2012
LocationLynn University
Boca Raton, Florida
Participants
President Barack Obama
Governor Mitt Romney

The third presidential debate took place on Monday, October 22 at Florida's Lynn University, and was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS.

Topics discussed included the recent attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya, Iran's nuclear program, the Arab Spring, especially the Syrian civil war, relations with Israel, relations with Pakistan, the War on Terror, the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, the size and scope of the U.S. military, and relations and trade with China, as well as the rise of that nation. Governor Romney also briefly broached the subject of the ongoing insurgency in Mali. Although the debate was supposed to strictly concern only foreign policy, the candidates did manage to fit a few domestic policy issues, such as job creation, the federal deficit, and education into the discussion.

Format

The format of this debate was identical to that of the first debate. There were six 15 minute segments, with the moderator introducing a topic and giving each candidate two minutes to respond, before allowing the candidates to discuss the topics.[68]

Reception

A CBS poll of uncommitted voters found that 53% believed that Obama won, 23% believed that Romney won, and 24% called the debate a tie.[69] A CNN poll of debate watchers found that 48% of respondents called Obama the winner, with 40% believing that Romney had done better; CNN noted that the debate audience polled was about five percentage points more Republican than the general population.[70][71]

Moderation

Schieffer's moderation, which was perceived as confident but affable, has received praise,[72][73] although he uttered what the audience was able to hear as either "Obama Bin Laden" or "Obama's Bin Laden".[74]

Protests over excluded candidates

Main article: Commission on Presidential Debates § Criticism

Antitrust lawsuit

On September 21, 2012, Libertarian presidential nominee Gary Johnson filed an antitrust lawsuit in the US District Court for the Central District of California against the Commission on Presidential Debates, the Republican National Committee and the Democratic National Committee. The suit alleges that the three private companies have conspired in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act to limit competition and that in doing so they are injuring the Johnson campaign and the American electorate.[75][76]

Arrest of Green Party candidates outside second debate and lawsuit

On October 16, 2012, Green Party presidential nominee Jill Stein and vice-presidential nominee Cheri Honkala were arrested for disorderly conduct while trying to take part in the second presidential debate at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York.[77][78][79] The two women claim they were taken to a warehouse, and strapped for eight hours to chairs with plastic wrist restraints before being released.[80]

On October 22, 2012, the Stein campaign announced a lawsuit against the Commission on Presidential Debates claiming, "that the CPD, Democratic National Committee, and Republican National Committee, together with the Federal Election Commission and Lynn University, had deprived her of her constitutional rights to due process, equal protection, and free speech, as well as her statutorily protected civil rights."[81]

Withdrawal of sponsors

Three of the debate sponsors dropped out ahead of the first presidential debate due to the exclusion of major third party candidates. These companies were BBH New York, YWCA USA[82] and Philips Electronics.[83]

October 23: First Free and Equal Elections Foundation debate (Hilton Chicago)

Moderated by Larry King, Ora.TV
DateOctober 23, 2012
LocationHilton Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Participants
Congressman Virgil Goode
Governor Gary Johnson
Mayor Rocky Anderson
Dr. Jill Stein

The Free and Equal Elections Foundation organized a debate featuring third party candidates Gary Johnson, Jill Stein, Virgil Goode and Rocky Anderson, which was held in Chicago at 9:00pm EDT on Oct. 23, 2012.[9] Veteran broadcaster Larry King of Ora.TV served as moderator for the debate,[84] which was streamed live online.[85] [86] It was also streamed live by Ora.TV on YouTube[87] and was broadcasted live by C-SPAN,[84] Link TV,[88] Russia Today[88] and Al Jazeera English.[88]

Format

Each candidate was given a opportunity to make a two-minute opening statement. Then, six questions were asked to each of the four candidates and the candidates were given one minute to answer. However, the moderator accidentally started with the first question instead of allowing the candidates to do the opening statement and so the opening statements happened after the first question.[89] The questions were:

Reception

The Free and Equal Elections Foundation conducted a post-debate poll in order to find out who would progress to the second Free and Fair Elections Foundation debate. The poll found 55% of viewers thought Johnson had done the best, 31% thought Stein had done the best, 8% had felt Anderson had done the best and 6% had felt Goode had done the best.[90] The second round of the instant run-off vote showed that the top two candidates were still Johnson and Stein and therefore these were the candidates chosen to progress to the second debate.[90]

Moderation

Moderator Larry King received some criticism for his mishap at the beginning of the debate, which some felt was evidence of the debate's irrelevance.[91]

November 4: Ralph Nader presidential debate (Busboys and Poets)

Moderated by Ralph Nader
DateNovember 4, 2012
LocationBusboys and Poets
Washington, D.C.
Participants
Congressman Virgil Goode
Governor Gary Johnson
Mayor Rocky Anderson
Dr. Jill Stein

Ralph Nader hosted and moderated a debate that took place on November 4, 2012 at Busboys and Poets in Washington D.C. between 7:30 p.m. and 9:30 p.m.[92] Gary Johnson, Virgil Goode, Rocky Anderson and Jill Stein participated.[93]

November 5: Second Free and Equal Elections Foundation debate (RT America studio)

2012 United States presidential debates
DateNovember 5, 2012
LocationRT America studio
Washington, D.C.
Participants
Governor Gary Johnson
Dr. Jill Stein

After the previous Free and Equal Elections Foundation debate, a second debate was announced,[94] this time focusing on foreign policy. The debate was hosted by RT at the RT America Studio in Washington D.C. and took place on November 5, 2012 between 9 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. It was initially to be held on October 30, 2012, but was delayed due to Hurricane Sandy.[12] The candidates that participated were those that won the instant-runoff vote after the previous debate - Gary Johnson and Jill Stein.

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  82. ^ "YWCA Drops Debate Sponsorship Over Exclusion of Third-Party Candidates". Reason. September 28,2012. Retrieved September 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  83. ^ "Philips pulls presidential debate sponsorship". Politico. September 30,2012. Retrieved September 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  84. ^ a b Byers, Dylan (October 23, 2012). "Larry King hosts third-party faceoff". Politico. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  85. ^ Associated Press/CBSNews.com
  86. ^ Free & Equal Elections Foundation
  87. ^ http://www.webpronews.com/watch-the-third-party-candidates-debate-live-on-youtube-2012-10
  88. ^ a b c "3rd-party presidential nominees to debate". UPI.com. October 23, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  89. ^ http://www.bradblog.com/?p=9665
  90. ^ a b http://freeandequal.org/updates/winners-of-october-23-presidential-debate/
  91. ^ http://now.msn.com/larry-king-third-party-candidate-debate-moderator-almost-forgets-opening-statements
  92. ^ http://nader.org/2012/11/01/ralph-nader-to-host-third-party-presidential-debate-in-d-c-114/
  93. ^ Singer, Paul (November 5, 2012). "Nader's third-party debate raises alternate issues". USA Today. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  94. ^ http://freeandequal.org/updates/rt-presents-final-us-presidential-debate/
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