Tannerite - Revision history

Coining: /* United States law */

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United States law

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	The [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] advises: "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit."{{r\|ATF1}} However, "persons falling into certain categories are prohibited from possessing explosive materials".{{r\|ATF1}} Those prohibited from possessing explosives include most non-citizens, unlawful drug users and addicts, those convicted or indicted for serious crimes, fugitives, and those who have been officially declared mentally defective or have been committed to a mental institution.{{r\|ATF1}} There are also restrictions at state and local level.{{r\|ATF1}} What follows is a sample of those restrictions:		The [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] advises: "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit."{{r\|ATF1}} However, "persons falling into certain categories are prohibited from possessing explosive materials".{{r\|ATF1}} Those prohibited from possessing explosives include most non-citizens, unlawful drug users and addicts, those convicted or indicted for serious crimes, fugitives, and those who have been officially declared mentally defective or have been committed to a mental institution.{{r\|ATF1}} There are also restrictions at state and local level.{{r\|ATF1}} What follows is a sample of those restrictions:

	In 2012, Maryland became the first state to regulate exploding targets, requiring users to be licensed.<ref name=CNN/>		In 2012, [[Maryland]] became the first state to regulate exploding targets, requiring users to be licensed.<ref name=CNN/>

	The [[United States Forest Service]] in 2013 banned explosive targets on its property in five different states (Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas) due to the targets igniting 16 fires on Forest Service lands, which cost more than $33 million in order to extinguish the fires.<ref name=CNN/>		The [[United States Forest Service]] in 2013 banned explosive targets on its property in five different states ([[Colorado]], [[Wyoming]], [[South Dakota]], [[Nebraska]], [[Kansas]]) due to the targets igniting 16 fires on Forest Service lands, which cost more than $33 million in order to extinguish the fires.<ref name=CNN/>

	Louisiana enacted legislation in 2014 to add binary exploding targets to the state's definition of explosives. The vote was unanimous in both the House of Representatives (95-0) and the State Senate (33-0), and the bill was signed by the Governor.<ref name=LA1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=908138 \|title=Enrolled copy of Act No. 151 of 2014 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=LA2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=14RS&b=HB160&sbi=y \|title=2014 REGULAR SESSION, HB 160 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		[[Louisiana]] enacted legislation in 2014 to add binary exploding targets to the state's definition of explosives. The vote was unanimous in both the House of Representatives (95-0) and the State Senate (33-0), and the bill was signed by the Governor.<ref name=LA1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=908138 \|title=Enrolled copy of Act No. 151 of 2014 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=LA2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=14RS&b=HB160&sbi=y \|title=2014 REGULAR SESSION, HB 160 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In New York State, a 2020 law included binary explosives, including Tannerite, in the definition of "explosives" that require a permit for their purchase, ownership, possession, transportation, or use within the state.<ref name=NYS1>{{cite web \|url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S07505&term=2019&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y\|title=NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020, Part XX, Subpart F \|website=New York State Assembly, Bill Search and Legislative Information \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NYS2>{{cite web \|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/458\|title=New York State Labor Law Section 458 \|website=New York State Senate \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In [[New York State]], a 2020 law included binary explosives, including Tannerite, in the definition of "explosives" that require a permit for their purchase, ownership, possession, transportation, or use within the state.<ref name=NYS1>{{cite web \|url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S07505&term=2019&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y\|title=NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020, Part XX, Subpart F \|website=New York State Assembly, Bill Search and Legislative Information \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NYS2>{{cite web \|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/458\|title=New York State Labor Law Section 458 \|website=New York State Senate \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In Ohio, the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In [[Ohio]], the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, Tennessee declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, [[Tennessee]] declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under Vermont law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under [[Vermont]] law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	Select jurisdictions in California have interpreted state law to restrict use of these products.<ref name=CNN/>		Select jurisdictions in [[California]] have interpreted state law to restrict use of these products.<ref name=CNN/>

	Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives. As oxidizers and combustibles, there are some restrictions in the United States on shipping of the unmixed components.<ref name=USPS1>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_022.htm \|title=344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) \|website=[[U.S. Postal Service]] Postal Explorer}}</ref><ref name=USPS2>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_023.htm \|title=345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) \|website=U.S. Postal Service Postal Explorer}}</ref>		Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives. As oxidizers and combustibles, there are some restrictions in the United States on shipping of the unmixed components.<ref name=USPS1>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_022.htm \|title=344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) \|website=[[U.S. Postal Service]] Postal Explorer}}</ref><ref name=USPS2>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_023.htm \|title=345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) \|website=U.S. Postal Service Postal Explorer}}</ref>

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	'''Tannerite''' is a brand of [[binary explosive]] targets used for firearms practice and sold in kit form.<ref name=patE1>{{cite patent \|country=United States \|number=USRE45440E1\|status=active \|title=Binary exploding target, package process and product\|pubdate=March 31, 2015 \|gdate=March 31, 2015 \|fdate=July 18, 2013 \|pridate=September 20, 2008 \|inventor=Daniel Jeremy Tanner \|assign1=TANNERITE SPORTS LLC \|class= \|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USRE45440E1/en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web \|last=Lemonick \|first=Sam \|date=September 19, 2016 \|title= The Science of Tannerite, the Explosive Possibly Used in the Chelsea Bombs \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samlemonick/2016/09/19/the-science-of-tannerite-the-explosive-possibly-used-in-the-chelsea-bombs/ \|work=[[Forbes]] \|access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> The targets comprise a combination of [[oxidizer]]s and a fuel, primarily [[aluminium powder]], that is supplied as two separate components that are mixed by the user. The combination is relatively stable when subjected to forces less severe than a high-velocity bullet impact. A hammer blow, the product being dropped, or impact from a low-velocity bullet or shotgun blast will not initiate a reaction. It is also designed to be non-flammable<ref name=tannerite1>{{cite web\|url=https://tannerite.com/about-tannerite-sports/\|title=About Tannerite Sports, LLC \|publisher=Tannerite Sports, LLC (official website) \|access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> (the reaction cannot be triggered by a burning fuse or electricity), although its explosion can ignite flammable material.		'''Tannerite''' is a brand of [[binary explosive]] targets used for firearms practice and sold in kit form.<ref name=patE1>{{cite patent \|country=United States \|number=USRE45440E1 \|status=active \|title=Binary exploding target, package process and product \|pubdate=March 31, 2015 \|gdate=March 31, 2015 \|fdate=July 18, 2013 \|pridate=September 20, 2008 \|inventor=Daniel Jeremy Tanner \|assign1=TANNERITE SPORTS LLC \|class= \|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USRE45440E1/en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web \|last=Lemonick \|first=Sam \|date=September 19, 2016 \|title= The Science of Tannerite, the Explosive Possibly Used in the Chelsea Bombs \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samlemonick/2016/09/19/the-science-of-tannerite-the-explosive-possibly-used-in-the-chelsea-bombs/ \|work=[[Forbes]] \|access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> The targets comprise a combination of [[oxidizer]]s and a fuel, primarily [[aluminium powder]], that is supplied as two separate components that are mixed by the user. The combination is relatively stable when subjected to forces less severe than a high-velocity bullet impact. A hammer blow, the product being dropped, or impact from a low-velocity bullet or shotgun blast will not initiate a reaction. It is also designed to be non-flammable<ref name=tannerite1>{{cite web \|url=https://tannerite.com/about-tannerite-sports/ \|title=About Tannerite Sports, LLC \|publisher=Tannerite Sports, LLC (official website) \|access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> (the reaction cannot be triggered by a burning fuse or electricity), although its explosion can ignite flammable material.

	Because it is sold as separate components which are not themselves explosive, it is not regulated by the [[U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives]] (ATF),<ref name=CNN/> and can be transported and sold in many places without the legal restrictions that apply to explosives; however, a number of U.S. states have restricted its use. The term ''~~tannerite~~'' is often used to refer to the mixture itself, and other reactive targets and combination explosives are often [[generic trademark\|generically referred to]] as ~~tannerite~~.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name=CNN>{{cite web \|first1=Mike M. \|last1=Ahlers \|first2=Rene \|last2=Marsh \|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/06/us/guns-exploding-targets/ \|title=Exploding targets: shooting aid or a 'bomb kit for dummies?' \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=September 6, 2013 \|access-date=November 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="FBI" />		Because it is sold as separate components which are not themselves explosive, it is not regulated by the [[U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives]] (ATF),<ref name=CNN/> and can be transported and sold in many places without the legal restrictions that apply to explosives; however, a number of U.S. states have restricted its use. The term ''Tannerite'' is often used to refer to the mixture itself, and other reactive targets and combination explosives are often [[generic trademark\|generically referred to]] as Tannerite.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name=CNN>{{cite web \|first1=Mike M. \|last1=Ahlers \|first2=Rene \|last2=Marsh \|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/06/us/guns-exploding-targets/ \|title=Exploding targets: shooting aid or a 'bomb kit for dummies?' \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=September 6, 2013 \|access-date=November 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="FBI" />

	==Uses==		==Uses==

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	Tannerite targets are sold in pre-sized quantities. The package includes two containers. An oxidizer composition is contained within one of the containers and a catalyst composition is contained within the other.		Tannerite targets are sold in pre-sized quantities. The package includes two containers. An oxidizer composition is contained within one of the containers and a catalyst composition is contained within the other.

	The product, developed by Daniel Jeremy Tanner, and initially formulated in 1996,<ref name=tannerite1/> consists of two components: a fuel mixed with a catalyst or sensitizer, and a bulk material or oxidizer. The fuel/catalyst mixture is 90% 600-[[Mesh (scale)\|mesh]] dark flake [[aluminium]] powder, combined with the catalyst that is a mixture of 5% 325-mesh [[titanium]] sponge and 5% 200-mesh [[zirconium hydride]]{{r\|patE1}} (with another patent document<ref name=Pat952>[https://~~www~~.google.com/~~patents~~/US20030033952 US patent 20030033952] (image)</ref> listing 5% [[zirconium hydroxide]]). The oxidizer is a mixture of 85% 200-mesh [[ammonium nitrate]] and 15% [[ammonium perchlorate]].<ref name=patE1/> The patents on these formulations were applied for on August 20, 2001.{{r\|patE1}}<ref name=Pat952/>		The product, developed by Daniel Jeremy Tanner, and initially formulated in 1996,<ref name=tannerite1/> consists of two components: a fuel mixed with a catalyst or sensitizer, and a bulk material or oxidizer. The fuel/catalyst mixture is 90% 600-[[Mesh (scale)\|mesh]] dark flake [[aluminium]] powder, combined with the catalyst that is a mixture of 5% 325-mesh [[titanium]] sponge and 5% 200-mesh [[zirconium hydride]]{{r\|patE1}} (with another patent document<ref name=Pat952>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US20030033952 US patent 20030033952] (image)</ref> listing 5% [[zirconium hydroxide]]). The oxidizer is a mixture of 85% 200-mesh [[ammonium nitrate]] and 15% [[ammonium perchlorate]].<ref name=patE1/> The patents on these formulations were applied for on August 20, 2001.{{r\|patE1}}<ref name=Pat952/>

	== United States law ==		== United States law ==

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	\| website = [https://tannerite.com/ tannerite.com]		\| website = {{url\|https://tannerite.com/\|tannerite.com}}
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	In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

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	In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the ~~possesion~~, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

174.140.138.167: Added referencing law, specifically identifying the use of the subject as a legal exception in shooting sports.

2023-11-13T21:08:16Z

Added referencing law, specifically identifying the use of the subject as a legal exception in shooting sports.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:08, 13 November 2023
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	In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possesion, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

Peter schorn: Fixed comma splice. "However" cannot be used to join two independent clauses.

2023-10-15T05:40:17Z

Fixed comma splice. "However" cannot be used to join two independent clauses.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:40, 15 October 2023
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	'''Tannerite''' is a brand of [[binary explosive]] targets used for firearms practice and sold in kit form.<ref name=patE1>{{cite patent \|country=United States \|number=USRE45440E1\|status=active \|title=Binary exploding target, package process and product\|pubdate=March 31, 2015 \|gdate=March 31, 2015 \|fdate=July 18, 2013 \|pridate=September 20, 2008 \|inventor=Daniel Jeremy Tanner \|assign1=TANNERITE SPORTS LLC \|class= \|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USRE45440E1/en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web \|last=Lemonick \|first=Sam \|date=September 19, 2016 \|title= The Science of Tannerite, the Explosive Possibly Used in the Chelsea Bombs \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samlemonick/2016/09/19/the-science-of-tannerite-the-explosive-possibly-used-in-the-chelsea-bombs/ \|work=[[Forbes]] \|access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> The targets comprise a combination of [[oxidizer]]s and a fuel, primarily [[aluminium powder]], that is supplied as two separate components that are mixed by the user. The combination is relatively stable when subjected to forces less severe than a high-velocity bullet impact. A hammer blow, the product being dropped, or impact from a low-velocity bullet or shotgun blast will not initiate a reaction. It is also designed to be non-flammable<ref name=tannerite1>{{cite web\|url=https://tannerite.com/about-tannerite-sports/\|title=About Tannerite Sports, LLC \|publisher=Tannerite Sports, LLC (official website) \|access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> (the reaction cannot be triggered by a burning fuse or electricity), although its explosion can ignite flammable material.		'''Tannerite''' is a brand of [[binary explosive]] targets used for firearms practice and sold in kit form.<ref name=patE1>{{cite patent \|country=United States \|number=USRE45440E1\|status=active \|title=Binary exploding target, package process and product\|pubdate=March 31, 2015 \|gdate=March 31, 2015 \|fdate=July 18, 2013 \|pridate=September 20, 2008 \|inventor=Daniel Jeremy Tanner \|assign1=TANNERITE SPORTS LLC \|class= \|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USRE45440E1/en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web \|last=Lemonick \|first=Sam \|date=September 19, 2016 \|title= The Science of Tannerite, the Explosive Possibly Used in the Chelsea Bombs \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samlemonick/2016/09/19/the-science-of-tannerite-the-explosive-possibly-used-in-the-chelsea-bombs/ \|work=[[Forbes]] \|access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> The targets comprise a combination of [[oxidizer]]s and a fuel, primarily [[aluminium powder]], that is supplied as two separate components that are mixed by the user. The combination is relatively stable when subjected to forces less severe than a high-velocity bullet impact. A hammer blow, the product being dropped, or impact from a low-velocity bullet or shotgun blast will not initiate a reaction. It is also designed to be non-flammable<ref name=tannerite1>{{cite web\|url=https://tannerite.com/about-tannerite-sports/\|title=About Tannerite Sports, LLC \|publisher=Tannerite Sports, LLC (official website) \|access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> (the reaction cannot be triggered by a burning fuse or electricity), although its explosion can ignite flammable material.

	Because it is sold as separate components which are not themselves explosive, it is not regulated by the [[U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives]] (ATF),<ref name=CNN/> and can be transported and sold in many places without the legal restrictions that apply to explosives, however a number of U.S. states have restricted its use. The term ''tannerite'' is often used to refer to the mixture itself, and other reactive targets and combination explosives are often [[generic trademark\|generically referred to]] as tannerite.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name=CNN>{{cite web \|first1=Mike M. \|last1=Ahlers \|first2=Rene \|last2=Marsh \|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/06/us/guns-exploding-targets/ \|title=Exploding targets: shooting aid or a 'bomb kit for dummies?' \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=September 6, 2013 \|access-date=November 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="FBI" />		Because it is sold as separate components which are not themselves explosive, it is not regulated by the [[U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives]] (ATF),<ref name=CNN/> and can be transported and sold in many places without the legal restrictions that apply to explosives; however, a number of U.S. states have restricted its use. The term ''tannerite'' is often used to refer to the mixture itself, and other reactive targets and combination explosives are often [[generic trademark\|generically referred to]] as tannerite.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name=CNN>{{cite web \|first1=Mike M. \|last1=Ahlers \|first2=Rene \|last2=Marsh \|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/06/us/guns-exploding-targets/ \|title=Exploding targets: shooting aid or a 'bomb kit for dummies?' \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=September 6, 2013 \|access-date=November 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="FBI" />

	==Uses==		==Uses==

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:05, 28 September 2024
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	The [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] advises: "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit."{{r\|ATF1}} However, "persons falling into certain categories are prohibited from possessing explosive materials".{{r\|ATF1}} Those prohibited from possessing explosives include most non-citizens, unlawful drug users and addicts, those convicted or indicted for serious crimes, fugitives, and those who have been officially declared mentally defective or have been committed to a mental institution.{{r\|ATF1}} There are also restrictions at state and local level.{{r\|ATF1}} What follows is a sample of those restrictions:		The [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] advises: "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit."{{r\|ATF1}} However, "persons falling into certain categories are prohibited from possessing explosive materials".{{r\|ATF1}} Those prohibited from possessing explosives include most non-citizens, unlawful drug users and addicts, those convicted or indicted for serious crimes, fugitives, and those who have been officially declared mentally defective or have been committed to a mental institution.{{r\|ATF1}} There are also restrictions at state and local level.{{r\|ATF1}} What follows is a sample of those restrictions:

	In 2012, Maryland became the first state to regulate exploding targets, requiring users to be licensed.<ref name=CNN/>		In 2012, [[Maryland]] became the first state to regulate exploding targets, requiring users to be licensed.<ref name=CNN/>

	The [[United States Forest Service]] in 2013 banned explosive targets on its property in five different states (Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas) due to the targets igniting 16 fires on Forest Service lands, which cost more than $33 million in order to extinguish the fires.<ref name=CNN/>		The [[United States Forest Service]] in 2013 banned explosive targets on its property in five different states ([[Colorado]], [[Wyoming]], [[South Dakota]], [[Nebraska]], [[Kansas]]) due to the targets igniting 16 fires on Forest Service lands, which cost more than $33 million in order to extinguish the fires.<ref name=CNN/>

	Louisiana enacted legislation in 2014 to add binary exploding targets to the state's definition of explosives. The vote was unanimous in both the House of Representatives (95-0) and the State Senate (33-0), and the bill was signed by the Governor.<ref name=LA1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=908138 \|title=Enrolled copy of Act No. 151 of 2014 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=LA2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=14RS&b=HB160&sbi=y \|title=2014 REGULAR SESSION, HB 160 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		[[Louisiana]] enacted legislation in 2014 to add binary exploding targets to the state's definition of explosives. The vote was unanimous in both the House of Representatives (95-0) and the State Senate (33-0), and the bill was signed by the Governor.<ref name=LA1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=908138 \|title=Enrolled copy of Act No. 151 of 2014 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=LA2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=14RS&b=HB160&sbi=y \|title=2014 REGULAR SESSION, HB 160 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In New York State, a 2020 law included binary explosives, including Tannerite, in the definition of "explosives" that require a permit for their purchase, ownership, possession, transportation, or use within the state.<ref name=NYS1>{{cite web \|url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S07505&term=2019&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y\|title=NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020, Part XX, Subpart F \|website=New York State Assembly, Bill Search and Legislative Information \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NYS2>{{cite web \|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/458\|title=New York State Labor Law Section 458 \|website=New York State Senate \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In [[New York State]], a 2020 law included binary explosives, including Tannerite, in the definition of "explosives" that require a permit for their purchase, ownership, possession, transportation, or use within the state.<ref name=NYS1>{{cite web \|url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S07505&term=2019&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y\|title=NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020, Part XX, Subpart F \|website=New York State Assembly, Bill Search and Legislative Information \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NYS2>{{cite web \|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/458\|title=New York State Labor Law Section 458 \|website=New York State Senate \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In Ohio, the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In [[Ohio]], the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, Tennessee declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, [[Tennessee]] declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under Vermont law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under [[Vermont]] law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	Select jurisdictions in California have interpreted state law to restrict use of these products.<ref name=CNN/>		Select jurisdictions in [[California]] have interpreted state law to restrict use of these products.<ref name=CNN/>

	Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives. As oxidizers and combustibles, there are some restrictions in the United States on shipping of the unmixed components.<ref name=USPS1>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_022.htm \|title=344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) \|website=[[U.S. Postal Service]] Postal Explorer}}</ref><ref name=USPS2>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_023.htm \|title=345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) \|website=U.S. Postal Service Postal Explorer}}</ref>		Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives. As oxidizers and combustibles, there are some restrictions in the United States on shipping of the unmixed components.<ref name=USPS1>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_022.htm \|title=344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) \|website=[[U.S. Postal Service]] Postal Explorer}}</ref><ref name=USPS2>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_023.htm \|title=345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) \|website=U.S. Postal Service Postal Explorer}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:41, 23 December 2023
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	In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:50, 24 November 2023
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	In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the ~~possesion~~, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:08, 13 November 2023
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	In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In '''Ohio''', the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, '''Tennessee''' declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possesion, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under '''Vermont''' law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:31, 28 September 2024
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	As Tannerite is supplied as components, not themselves explosive, combining the components to constitute an explosive is typically regulated by laws on manufacturing explosives, or in some instances the laws governing fireworks.<ref name=CNN/>		As Tannerite is supplied as components, not themselves explosive, combining the components to constitute an explosive is typically regulated by laws on manufacturing explosives, or in some instances the laws governing fireworks.<ref name=CNN/>

	In 2013, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] issued an intelligence bulletin that said “The FBI assesses with high confidence recreationally used exploding targets (ETs), commonly referred to as tannerite, or reactive targets, can be used as an explosive for illicit purposes by criminals and extremists and explosive precursor chemicals (EPCs) present in ETs can be combined with other materials to manufacture explosives for use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs).”<ref name=FBI>{{cite web\|url=http://info.publicintelligence.net/FBI-ExplodingTargets.pdf\|title=(U//FOUO) Exploding Targets: Potential Use as Explosives in IEDs and Alternative Source of Ammonium Nitrate, 5 March 2013 \|website=Public Intelligence}}</ref>		In 2013, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] issued an intelligence bulletin that said “The FBI assesses with high confidence recreationally used exploding targets (ETs), commonly referred to as tannerite, or reactive targets, can be used as an explosive for illicit purposes by criminals and extremists and explosive precursor chemicals (EPCs) present in ETs can be combined with other materials to manufacture explosives for use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs).”<ref name=FBI>{{cite web \|url=http://info.publicintelligence.net/FBI-ExplodingTargets.pdf \|title=(U//FOUO) Exploding Targets: Potential Use as Explosives in IEDs and Alternative Source of Ammonium Nitrate, 5 March 2013 \|website=Public Intelligence}}</ref>

	The [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] advises: "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit."{{r\|ATF1}} However, "persons falling into certain categories are prohibited from possessing explosive materials".{{r\|ATF1}} Those prohibited from possessing explosives include most non-citizens, unlawful drug users and addicts, those convicted or indicted for serious crimes, fugitives, and those who have been officially declared mentally defective or have been committed to a mental institution.{{r\|ATF1}} There are also restrictions at state and local level.{{r\|ATF1}} What follows is a sample of those restrictions:		The [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] advises: "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit."{{r\|ATF1}} However, "persons falling into certain categories are prohibited from possessing explosive materials".{{r\|ATF1}} Those prohibited from possessing explosives include most non-citizens, unlawful drug users and addicts, those convicted or indicted for serious crimes, fugitives, and those who have been officially declared mentally defective or have been committed to a mental institution.{{r\|ATF1}} There are also restrictions at state and local level.{{r\|ATF1}} What follows is a sample of those restrictions:

	In 2012, ~~'''~~Maryland~~'''~~ became the first state to regulate exploding targets, requiring users to be licensed.<ref name=CNN/>		In 2012, Maryland became the first state to regulate exploding targets, requiring users to be licensed.<ref name=CNN/>

	The [[United States Forest Service]] in 2013 banned explosive targets on its property in five different states (~~'''~~Colorado~~'''~~, ~~'''~~Wyoming~~'''~~, ~~'''~~South Dakota~~'''~~, ~~'''~~Nebraska~~'''~~, ~~'''~~Kansas~~'''~~) due to the targets igniting 16 fires on Forest Service lands, which cost more than $33 million in order to extinguish the fires.<ref name=CNN/>		The [[United States Forest Service]] in 2013 banned explosive targets on its property in five different states (Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas) due to the targets igniting 16 fires on Forest Service lands, which cost more than $33 million in order to extinguish the fires.<ref name=CNN/>

	~~'''~~Louisiana~~'''~~ enacted legislation in 2014 to add binary exploding targets to the state's definition of explosives. The vote was unanimous in both the House of Representatives (95-0) and the State Senate (33-0), and the bill was signed by the Governor.<ref name=LA1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=908138\|title=Enrolled copy of Act No. 151 of 2014\|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=LA2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=14RS&b=HB160&sbi=y\|title=2014 REGULAR SESSION, HB 160 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Louisiana enacted legislation in 2014 to add binary exploding targets to the state's definition of explosives. The vote was unanimous in both the House of Representatives (95-0) and the State Senate (33-0), and the bill was signed by the Governor.<ref name=LA1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=908138 \|title=Enrolled copy of Act No. 151 of 2014 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=LA2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=14RS&b=HB160&sbi=y \|title=2014 REGULAR SESSION, HB 160 \|website=Louisiana State Legislature \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In ~~'''~~New York State~~'''~~, a 2020 law included binary explosives, including Tannerite, in the definition of "explosives" that require a permit for their purchase, ownership, possession, transportation, or use within the state.<ref name=NYS1>{{cite web \|url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S07505&term=2019&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y\|title=NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020, Part XX, Subpart F \|website=New York State Assembly, Bill Search and Legislative Information \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NYS2>{{cite web \|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/458\|title=New York State Labor Law Section 458 \|website=New York State Senate \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In New York State, a 2020 law included binary explosives, including Tannerite, in the definition of "explosives" that require a permit for their purchase, ownership, possession, transportation, or use within the state.<ref name=NYS1>{{cite web \|url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S07505&term=2019&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y\|title=NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020, Part XX, Subpart F \|website=New York State Assembly, Bill Search and Legislative Information \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NYS2>{{cite web \|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/458\|title=New York State Labor Law Section 458 \|website=New York State Senate \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In ~~'''~~Ohio~~'''~~, the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		In Ohio, the act of mixing the components of explosive targets, including "products sold under the name 'Tannerite'," without a permit, can be a 2nd degree felony.<ref name=OH1>{{cite web \|url=http://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sfm_guidance_on_explosive_targets_in_ohio.pdf\|title=Explosive Target Guidance (6-28-2013), Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of State Fire Marshal’s Fire and Explosion Investigation Bureau \|website=Geauga County Maple Leaf \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	In 2015, ~~'''~~Tennessee~~'''~~ declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>		In 2015, Tennessee declared exploding targets including Tannerite to be illegal in the state.<ref name=TN1>{{cite web \|url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/ops/2015/op15-12.pdf\|title=Opinion No. 15-12, Use of Exploding Targets, February 5, 2015 \|website=State of Tennessee \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref> However, TN law has a clear exception to the law under Tenn. Code Ann. 39-17-1302(e)(2) stating that "(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply to the possession, manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of an explosive if: (2) The possession, manufacture, transport, repair, or sale was incident to creating or using an exploding target for lawful sporting activity, as solely intended by the commercial manufacturer."<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1302 \|url=https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=7f84a023-6691-466b-8db5-ef44145570df&nodeid=ABNAAOAANAAC&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FABN%2FABNAAO%2FABNAAOAAN%2FABNAAOAANAAC&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=39-17-1302.+Prohibited+weapons.&config=025054JABlOTJjNmIyNi0wYjI0LTRjZGEtYWE5ZC0zNGFhOWNhMjFlNDgKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cDFQ14bX2GfyBTaI9WcPX5&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A50J2-V4S0-R03M-D4FX-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d4cb521e-9e69-416d-9424-da56d2aeb28c \|website=Tennessee Code Unannotated - Free Public Access \|publisher=The State of Tennessee \|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

	Under ~~'''~~Vermont~~'''~~ law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>		Under Vermont law, exploding targets were found to meet the definition of fireworks (which includes a "combination of substances") and so, in Vermont, a person must have to have a fireworks permit to use Tannerite.<ref name=VT1>{{cite web \|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/20/177\|title=The Vermont Statutes Online Title 20: Internal Security And Public Safety Chapter 177: Explosives And Fireworks \|website=State of Vermont \|access-date=August 30, 2023}}</ref>

	Select jurisdictions in ~~'''~~California~~'''~~ have interpreted state law to restrict use of these products.<ref name=CNN/>		Select jurisdictions in California have interpreted state law to restrict use of these products.<ref name=CNN/>

	Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives. As oxidizers and combustibles, there are some restrictions in the United States on shipping of the unmixed components.<ref name=USPS1>{{cite web\|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_022.htm\|title=344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) \|website=[[U.S. Postal Service]] Postal Explorer}}</ref><ref name=USPS2>{{cite web\|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_023.htm\|title=345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) \|website=U.S. Postal Service Postal Explorer}}</ref>		Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives. As oxidizers and combustibles, there are some restrictions in the United States on shipping of the unmixed components.<ref name=USPS1>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_022.htm \|title=344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) \|website=[[U.S. Postal Service]] Postal Explorer}}</ref><ref name=USPS2>{{cite web \|url=https://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_023.htm \|title=345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) \|website=U.S. Postal Service Postal Explorer}}</ref>

	==Notable incidents==		==Notable incidents==