Noah's Ark - Revision history

Glane23: Reverted edits by 91.110.188.102 (talk): not providing a reliable source (WP:CITE, WP:RS) (HG) (3.4.12)

2024-10-19T12:22:51Z

Reverted edits by 91.110.188.102 (talk): not providing a reliable source (WP:CITE, WP:RS) (HG) (3.4.12)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:22, 19 October 2024
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	'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref> National Geographic Society explorer Robert Ballard, inspired by Ryan and Pitman's hypothesis, has discovered supporting physical evidence of such a flood, including an underwater river valley and ancient shoreline as well as Stone Age structures and tools beneath the Black Sea.		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

	==Description==		==Description==

91.110.188.102: I added that National Geographic Society explorer Robert Ballard, inspired by Ryan and Pitman's hypothesis, has discovered supporting physical evidence of such a flood, including an underwater river valley and ancient shoreline as well as Stone Age structures and tools beneath the Black Sea.

2024-10-19T12:22:03Z

I added that National Geographic Society explorer Robert Ballard, inspired by Ryan and Pitman's hypothesis, has discovered supporting physical evidence of such a flood, including an underwater river valley and ancient shoreline as well as Stone Age structures and tools beneath the Black Sea.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:22, 19 October 2024
Line 18:		Line 18:
	'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref> National Geographic Society explorer Robert Ballard, inspired by Ryan and Pitman's hypothesis, has discovered supporting physical evidence of such a flood, including an underwater river valley and ancient shoreline as well as Stone Age structures and tools beneath the Black Sea.

	==Description==		==Description==

Carlstak: /* Mesopotamian precursors */ align spelling of ''tēvāh'' with macrons over "e" and "a" as in Finkel

2024-10-18T12:02:16Z

Mesopotamian precursors: align spelling of ''tēvāh'' with macrons over "e" and "a" as in Finkel

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:02, 18 October 2024
Line 37:		Line 37:
	The parallels between Noah's Ark and the arks of Babylonian flood heroes Atrahasis and Utnapishtim have often been noted. Atrahasis' Ark was circular, resembling an enormous ''[[Kuphar\|quffa]]'', with one or two decks.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nova: Secrets of Noah's Ark\|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/secrets-of-noahs-ark/\|date=October 7, 2015\|website=www.pbs.org\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> Utnapishtim's ark was a [[cube]] with six decks of seven compartments, each divided into nine subcompartments (63 subcompartments per deck, 378 total). Noah's Ark was rectangular with three decks. A progression is believed to exist from a circular to a cubic or square to rectangular. The most striking similarity is the near-identical deck areas of the three arks: 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, and 15,000 cubits<sup>2</sup> for Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, and Noah, only 4% different. [[Irving Finkel]] concluded, "the iconic story of the Flood, Noah, and the Ark as we know it today certainly originated in the landscape of ancient Mesopotamia, modern Iraq."{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}		The parallels between Noah's Ark and the arks of Babylonian flood heroes Atrahasis and Utnapishtim have often been noted. Atrahasis' Ark was circular, resembling an enormous ''[[Kuphar\|quffa]]'', with one or two decks.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nova: Secrets of Noah's Ark\|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/secrets-of-noahs-ark/\|date=October 7, 2015\|website=www.pbs.org\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> Utnapishtim's ark was a [[cube]] with six decks of seven compartments, each divided into nine subcompartments (63 subcompartments per deck, 378 total). Noah's Ark was rectangular with three decks. A progression is believed to exist from a circular to a cubic or square to rectangular. The most striking similarity is the near-identical deck areas of the three arks: 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, and 15,000 cubits<sup>2</sup> for Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, and Noah, only 4% different. [[Irving Finkel]] concluded, "the iconic story of the Flood, Noah, and the Ark as we know it today certainly originated in the landscape of ancient Mesopotamia, modern Iraq."{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}

	Linguistic parallels between Noah's and Atrahasis' arks have also been noted. The word used for "pitch" (sealing tar or resin) in Genesis is not the normal Hebrew word, but is closely related to the word used in the Babylonian story.{{sfn\|McKeown\|2008\|p=55}} Likewise, the Hebrew word for "ark" (''~~tevah~~'') is nearly identical to the Babylonian word for an oblong boat (''ṭubbû''), especially given that "v" and "b" are the same letter in Hebrew: [[bet (letter)\|bet]] (ב).{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}		Linguistic parallels between Noah's and Atrahasis' arks have also been noted. The word used for "pitch" (sealing tar or resin) in Genesis is not the normal Hebrew word, but is closely related to the word used in the Babylonian story.{{sfn\|McKeown\|2008\|p=55}} Likewise, the Hebrew word for "ark" (''tēvāh'') is nearly identical to the Babylonian word for an oblong boat (''ṭubbû''), especially given that "v" and "b" are the same letter in Hebrew: [[bet (letter)\|bet]] (ב).{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}

	However, the causes for God or the gods sending the flood differ in the various stories. In the Hebrew myth, the flood inflicts God's judgment on wicked humanity. The Babylonian ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'' gives no reasons, and the flood appears the result of divine caprice.<ref name="May Metzger">May, Herbert G., and Bruce M. Metzger. ''The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha''. 1977.</ref> In the Babylonian [[Atra-Hasis\|Atrahasis]] version, the flood is sent to reduce human overpopulation, and after the flood, other measures were introduced to limit humanity.<ref>{{cite book\|editor1=Stephanie Dalley \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&q=flood\|title=Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others\| date=2000 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424054145/https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC#v=onepage&q=flood&f=false \|archive-date=2016-04-24 \|pages= 5–8\| publisher=OUP Oxford \| isbn=978-0-19-953836-2 }}</ref><ref>Alan Dundes, ed., [https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&q=Gilgamesh%2C+flood&pg=PA62 ''The Flood Myth''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514162849/https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q=Gilgamesh%2C%20flood&f=false \|date=2016-05-14 }}, pp. 61–71.</ref><ref>J. David Pleins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&q=ziusudra+flood+story&pg=PA102 ''When the Great Abyss Opened: Classic and Contemporary Readings of Noah's Flood''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624184753/https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=ziusudra%20flood%20story&f=false \|date=2016-06-24 }}, pp. 102–103.</ref>		However, the causes for God or the gods sending the flood differ in the various stories. In the Hebrew myth, the flood inflicts God's judgment on wicked humanity. The Babylonian ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'' gives no reasons, and the flood appears the result of divine caprice.<ref name="May Metzger">May, Herbert G., and Bruce M. Metzger. ''The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha''. 1977.</ref> In the Babylonian [[Atra-Hasis\|Atrahasis]] version, the flood is sent to reduce human overpopulation, and after the flood, other measures were introduced to limit humanity.<ref>{{cite book\|editor1=Stephanie Dalley \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&q=flood\|title=Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others\| date=2000 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424054145/https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC#v=onepage&q=flood&f=false \|archive-date=2016-04-24 \|pages= 5–8\| publisher=OUP Oxford \| isbn=978-0-19-953836-2 }}</ref><ref>Alan Dundes, ed., [https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&q=Gilgamesh%2C+flood&pg=PA62 ''The Flood Myth''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514162849/https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q=Gilgamesh%2C%20flood&f=false \|date=2016-05-14 }}, pp. 61–71.</ref><ref>J. David Pleins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&q=ziusudra+flood+story&pg=PA102 ''When the Great Abyss Opened: Classic and Contemporary Readings of Noah's Flood''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624184753/https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=ziusudra%20flood%20story&f=false \|date=2016-06-24 }}, pp. 102–103.</ref>

Tgeorgescu: Reverted 1 edit by 69.23.72.248 (talk): WP:ERA

2024-10-18T04:04:45Z

Reverted 1 edit by 69.23.72.248 (talk): WP:ERA

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:04, 18 October 2024
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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BC).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

69.23.72.248 at 03:33, 18 October 2024

2024-10-18T03:33:16Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:33, 18 October 2024
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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries ~~BCE~~).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BC).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

Moxy: /* Searches for Noah's Ark */ was just a click away

2024-10-11T00:53:22Z

Searches for Noah's Ark: was just a click away

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:53, 11 October 2024
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	[[File:The Durupinar site in July 2019.jpg\|thumb\|The Durupinar site in July 2019]]		[[File:The Durupinar site in July 2019.jpg\|thumb\|The Durupinar site in July 2019]]
	{{Main\|Searches for Noah's Ark}}		{{Main\|Searches for Noah's Ark}}
	[[Searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] (c. 275 – 339 CE) to the present day.<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> In the 1st century, Jewish historian [[Flavius Josephus]] claimed the remaining pieces of Noah's Ark had been found in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans, which is understood to be Mount Ararat in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Landing-Place of Noah's Ark: Testimonial, Geological and Historical Considerations: Part Four - Associates for Biblical Research \|url=https://biblearchaeology.org/research/contemporary-issues/4112-the-landingplace-of-noahs-ark-testimonial-geological-and-historical-considerations-part-four \|access-date=2023-04-27 \|website=biblearchaeology.org}}</ref> Today, the practice of seeking the remains of the Ark is widely regarded as [[pseudoarchaeology]].<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology\|last1=Fagan\|first1=Brian M.\|last2=Beck\|first2=Charlotte\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=1996\|isbn=978-0195076189\|location=[[Oxford]]\|author1-link=Brian M. Fagan\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cline 2009">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwNIDHSPsSMC&pg=PA72\|title=Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction\|last=Cline\|first=Eric H.\|pages=71–75\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=2009\|isbn=978-0199741076}}</ref><ref name="Feder 2010">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum\|last=Feder\|first=Kenneth L.\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0313379192\|location=[[Santa Barbara, California]]\|author1-link=Kenneth Feder\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>~~{{Page needed\|date=August 2024}}~~ Various locations for the ark have been suggested but have never been confirmed.<ref name="Mayell-2004">{{cite web\|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|title=Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer\|last=Mayell\|first=Hillary\|date=27 April 2004\|publisher=National Geographic Society\|access-date=29 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414031733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|archive-date=14 April 2010\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Lovgren-2004">Stefan Lovgren (2004). [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html Noah's Ark Quest Dead in Water] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125030621/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html \|date=2012-01-25 }} – National Geographic</ref> Search sites have included the [[Durupınar site]], a site on [[Mount Tendürek]], and [[Mount Ararat]], both in [[Eastern Anatolia Region\|eastern Turkey]], but geological investigation of possible remains of the ark has only shown natural sedimentary formations.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|last=Collins\|first=Lorence G.\|title=A supposed cast of Noah's ark in eastern Turkey\|year=2011\|access-date=2015-10-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191940/http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-05\|url-status=live}}</ref> While biblical literalists often maintain the Ark's existence in archaeological history, its scientific feasibility, along with that of the deluge, has been contested.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Review of John Woodmorappe's "Noah's Ark: A Feasibility Study"\|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/woodmorappe-review.html\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=www.talkorigins.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark {{!}} National Center for Science Education\|url=https://ncse.ngo/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=ncse.ngo\|language=en}}</ref>		[[Searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] (c. 275 – 339 CE) to the present day.<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> In the 1st century, Jewish historian [[Flavius Josephus]] claimed the remaining pieces of Noah's Ark had been found in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans, which is understood to be Mount Ararat in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Landing-Place of Noah's Ark: Testimonial, Geological and Historical Considerations: Part Four - Associates for Biblical Research \|url=https://biblearchaeology.org/research/contemporary-issues/4112-the-landingplace-of-noahs-ark-testimonial-geological-and-historical-considerations-part-four \|access-date=2023-04-27 \|website=biblearchaeology.org}}</ref> Today, the practice of seeking the remains of the Ark is widely regarded as [[pseudoarchaeology]].<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology\|last1=Fagan\|first1=Brian M.\|last2=Beck\|first2=Charlotte\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=1996\|isbn=978-0195076189\|location=[[Oxford]]\|author1-link=Brian M. Fagan\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cline 2009">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwNIDHSPsSMC&pg=PA72\|title=Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction\|last=Cline\|first=Eric H.\|pages=71–75\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=2009\|isbn=978-0199741076}}</ref><ref name="Feder 2010">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum\|last=Feder\|first=Kenneth L.\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0313379192\|location=[[Santa Barbara, California]]\|author1-link=Kenneth Feder\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live\|page=195}}</ref> Various locations for the ark have been suggested but have never been confirmed.<ref name="Mayell-2004">{{cite web\|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|title=Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer\|last=Mayell\|first=Hillary\|date=27 April 2004\|publisher=National Geographic Society\|access-date=29 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414031733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|archive-date=14 April 2010\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Lovgren-2004">Stefan Lovgren (2004). [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html Noah's Ark Quest Dead in Water] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125030621/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html \|date=2012-01-25 }} – National Geographic</ref> Search sites have included the [[Durupınar site]], a site on [[Mount Tendürek]], and [[Mount Ararat]], both in [[Eastern Anatolia Region\|eastern Turkey]], but geological investigation of possible remains of the ark has only shown natural sedimentary formations.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|last=Collins\|first=Lorence G.\|title=A supposed cast of Noah's ark in eastern Turkey\|year=2011\|access-date=2015-10-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191940/http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-05\|url-status=live}}</ref> While biblical literalists often maintain the Ark's existence in archaeological history, its scientific feasibility, along with that of the deluge, has been contested.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Review of John Woodmorappe's "Noah's Ark: A Feasibility Study"\|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/woodmorappe-review.html\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=www.talkorigins.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark {{!}} National Center for Science Education\|url=https://ncse.ngo/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=ncse.ngo\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Cultural legacy: Noah's Ark replicas ==		==Cultural legacy: Noah's Ark replicas ==

1.145.208.157 at 00:40, 11 October 2024

2024-10-11T00:40:38Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:40, 11 October 2024
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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's ~~edge~~''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

1.145.208.157 at 00:38, 11 October 2024

2024-10-11T00:38:18Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:38, 11 October 2024
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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's ~~Ark~~''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's edge''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

Regulov: /* Searches for Noah's Ark */

2024-09-30T13:49:43Z

Searches for Noah's Ark

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:49, 30 September 2024
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	[[File:The Durupinar site in July 2019.jpg\|thumb\|The Durupinar site in July 2019]]		[[File:The Durupinar site in July 2019.jpg\|thumb\|The Durupinar site in July 2019]]
	{{Main\|Searches for Noah's Ark}}		{{Main\|Searches for Noah's Ark}}
	[[Searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] (c. 275 – 339 CE) to the present day.<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> In the 1st century, Jewish historian [[Flavius Josephus]] claimed the remaining pieces of Noah's Ark had been found in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans, which is understood to be Mount Ararat in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Landing-Place of Noah's Ark: Testimonial, Geological and Historical Considerations: Part Four - Associates for Biblical Research \|url=https://biblearchaeology.org/research/contemporary-issues/4112-the-landingplace-of-noahs-ark-testimonial-geological-and-historical-considerations-part-four \|access-date=2023-04-27 \|website=biblearchaeology.org}}</ref> Today, the practice of seeking the remains of the Ark is widely regarded as [[pseudoarchaeology]].<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology\|last1=Fagan\|first1=Brian M.\|last2=Beck\|first2=Charlotte\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=1996\|isbn=978-0195076189\|location=[[Oxford]]\|author1-link=Brian M. Fagan\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cline 2009">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwNIDHSPsSMC&pg=PA72\|title=Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction\|last=Cline\|first=Eric H.\|pages=71–75\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=2009\|isbn=978-0199741076}}</ref><ref name="Feder 2010">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum\|last=Feder\|first=Kenneth L.\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0313379192\|location=[[Santa Barbara, California]]\|author1-link=Kenneth Feder\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Page needed\|date=August 2024}} Various locations for the ark have been suggested but have never been confirmed.<ref name="Mayell-2004">{{cite web\|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|title=Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer\|last=Mayell\|first=Hillary\|date=27 April 2004\|publisher=National Geographic Society\|access-date=29 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414031733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|archive-date=14 April 2010\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Lovgren-2004">Stefan Lovgren (2004). [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html Noah's Ark Quest Dead in Water] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125030621/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html \|date=2012-01-25 }} – National Geographic</ref> Search sites have included [[Durupınar site]], a site on [[Mount Tendürek]] and [[Mount Ararat]] in [[Eastern Anatolia Region\|eastern Turkey]], but geological investigation of possible remains of the ark has only shown natural sedimentary formations.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|last=Collins\|first=Lorence G.\|title=A supposed cast of Noah's ark in eastern Turkey\|year=2011\|access-date=2015-10-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191940/http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-05\|url-status=live}}</ref> While biblical literalists often maintain the Ark's existence in archaeological history, ~~much of~~ its scientific feasibility along with that of the deluge has been contested.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Review of John Woodmorappe's "Noah's Ark: A Feasibility Study"\|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/woodmorappe-review.html\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=www.talkorigins.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark {{!}} National Center for Science Education\|url=https://ncse.ngo/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=ncse.ngo\|language=en}}</ref>		[[Searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] (c. 275 – 339 CE) to the present day.<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> In the 1st century, Jewish historian [[Flavius Josephus]] claimed the remaining pieces of Noah's Ark had been found in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans, which is understood to be Mount Ararat in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Landing-Place of Noah's Ark: Testimonial, Geological and Historical Considerations: Part Four - Associates for Biblical Research \|url=https://biblearchaeology.org/research/contemporary-issues/4112-the-landingplace-of-noahs-ark-testimonial-geological-and-historical-considerations-part-four \|access-date=2023-04-27 \|website=biblearchaeology.org}}</ref> Today, the practice of seeking the remains of the Ark is widely regarded as [[pseudoarchaeology]].<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology\|last1=Fagan\|first1=Brian M.\|last2=Beck\|first2=Charlotte\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=1996\|isbn=978-0195076189\|location=[[Oxford]]\|author1-link=Brian M. Fagan\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cline 2009">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwNIDHSPsSMC&pg=PA72\|title=Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction\|last=Cline\|first=Eric H.\|pages=71–75\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=2009\|isbn=978-0199741076}}</ref><ref name="Feder 2010">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum\|last=Feder\|first=Kenneth L.\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0313379192\|location=[[Santa Barbara, California]]\|author1-link=Kenneth Feder\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Page needed\|date=August 2024}} Various locations for the ark have been suggested but have never been confirmed.<ref name="Mayell-2004">{{cite web\|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|title=Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer\|last=Mayell\|first=Hillary\|date=27 April 2004\|publisher=National Geographic Society\|access-date=29 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414031733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|archive-date=14 April 2010\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Lovgren-2004">Stefan Lovgren (2004). [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html Noah's Ark Quest Dead in Water] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125030621/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html \|date=2012-01-25 }} – National Geographic</ref> Search sites have included the [[Durupınar site]], a site on [[Mount Tendürek]], and [[Mount Ararat]], both in [[Eastern Anatolia Region\|eastern Turkey]], but geological investigation of possible remains of the ark has only shown natural sedimentary formations.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|last=Collins\|first=Lorence G.\|title=A supposed cast of Noah's ark in eastern Turkey\|year=2011\|access-date=2015-10-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191940/http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-05\|url-status=live}}</ref> While biblical literalists often maintain the Ark's existence in archaeological history, its scientific feasibility, along with that of the deluge, has been contested.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Review of John Woodmorappe's "Noah's Ark: A Feasibility Study"\|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/woodmorappe-review.html\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=www.talkorigins.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark {{!}} National Center for Science Education\|url=https://ncse.ngo/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=ncse.ngo\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Cultural legacy: Noah's Ark replicas ==		==Cultural legacy: Noah's Ark replicas ==

Regulov: /* Searches for Noah's Ark */

2024-09-30T13:47:56Z

Searches for Noah's Ark

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:47, 30 September 2024
Line 104:		Line 104:
	[[File:The Durupinar site in July 2019.jpg\|thumb\|The Durupinar site in July 2019]]		[[File:The Durupinar site in July 2019.jpg\|thumb\|The Durupinar site in July 2019]]
	{{Main\|Searches for Noah's Ark}}		{{Main\|Searches for Noah's Ark}}
	[[Searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] (c.~~275–339~~ CE) to the present day.<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> In the 1st century, Jewish historian [[Flavius Josephus]] claimed the remaining pieces of Noah's Ark had been found in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans, which is understood to be Mount Ararat in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Landing-Place of Noah's Ark: Testimonial, Geological and Historical Considerations: Part Four - Associates for Biblical Research \|url=https://biblearchaeology.org/research/contemporary-issues/4112-the-landingplace-of-noahs-ark-testimonial-geological-and-historical-considerations-part-four \|access-date=2023-04-27 \|website=biblearchaeology.org}}</ref> Today, the practice of seeking the remains of the Ark is widely regarded as [[pseudoarchaeology]].<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology\|last1=Fagan\|first1=Brian M.\|last2=Beck\|first2=Charlotte\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=1996\|isbn=978-0195076189\|location=[[Oxford]]\|author1-link=Brian M. Fagan\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cline 2009">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwNIDHSPsSMC&pg=PA72\|title=Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction\|last=Cline\|first=Eric H.\|pages=71–75\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=2009\|isbn=978-0199741076}}</ref><ref name="Feder 2010">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum\|last=Feder\|first=Kenneth L.\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0313379192\|location=[[Santa Barbara, California]]\|author1-link=Kenneth Feder\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Page needed\|date=August 2024}} Various locations for the ark have been suggested but have never been confirmed.<ref name="Mayell-2004">{{cite web\|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|title=Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer\|last=Mayell\|first=Hillary\|date=27 April 2004\|publisher=National Geographic Society\|access-date=29 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414031733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|archive-date=14 April 2010\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Lovgren-2004">Stefan Lovgren (2004). [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html Noah's Ark Quest Dead in Water] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125030621/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html \|date=2012-01-25 }} – National Geographic</ref> Search sites have included [[Durupınar site]], a site on [[Mount Tendürek]] and [[Mount Ararat]] in [[Eastern Anatolia Region\|eastern Turkey]], but geological investigation of possible remains of the ark has only shown natural sedimentary formations.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|last=Collins\|first=Lorence G.\|title=A supposed cast of Noah's ark in eastern Turkey\|year=2011\|access-date=2015-10-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191940/http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-05\|url-status=live}}</ref> While biblical literalists often maintain the Ark's existence in archaeological history, much of its scientific feasibility along with that of the deluge has been contested.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Review of John Woodmorappe's "Noah's Ark: A Feasibility Study"\|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/woodmorappe-review.html\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=www.talkorigins.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark {{!}} National Center for Science Education\|url=https://ncse.ngo/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=ncse.ngo\|language=en}}</ref>		[[Searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] (c. 275 – 339 CE) to the present day.<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> In the 1st century, Jewish historian [[Flavius Josephus]] claimed the remaining pieces of Noah's Ark had been found in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans, which is understood to be Mount Ararat in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Landing-Place of Noah's Ark: Testimonial, Geological and Historical Considerations: Part Four - Associates for Biblical Research \|url=https://biblearchaeology.org/research/contemporary-issues/4112-the-landingplace-of-noahs-ark-testimonial-geological-and-historical-considerations-part-four \|access-date=2023-04-27 \|website=biblearchaeology.org}}</ref> Today, the practice of seeking the remains of the Ark is widely regarded as [[pseudoarchaeology]].<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology\|last1=Fagan\|first1=Brian M.\|last2=Beck\|first2=Charlotte\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=1996\|isbn=978-0195076189\|location=[[Oxford]]\|author1-link=Brian M. Fagan\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA582\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cline 2009">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwNIDHSPsSMC&pg=PA72\|title=Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction\|last=Cline\|first=Eric H.\|pages=71–75\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|year=2009\|isbn=978-0199741076}}</ref><ref name="Feder 2010">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum\|last=Feder\|first=Kenneth L.\|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0313379192\|location=[[Santa Barbara, California]]\|author1-link=Kenneth Feder\|access-date=17 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208073258/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA195\|archive-date=8 February 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Page needed\|date=August 2024}} Various locations for the ark have been suggested but have never been confirmed.<ref name="Mayell-2004">{{cite web\|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|title=Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer\|last=Mayell\|first=Hillary\|date=27 April 2004\|publisher=National Geographic Society\|access-date=29 April 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414031733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html\|archive-date=14 April 2010\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Lovgren-2004">Stefan Lovgren (2004). [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html Noah's Ark Quest Dead in Water] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125030621/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0920_040920_noahs_ark.html \|date=2012-01-25 }} – National Geographic</ref> Search sites have included [[Durupınar site]], a site on [[Mount Tendürek]] and [[Mount Ararat]] in [[Eastern Anatolia Region\|eastern Turkey]], but geological investigation of possible remains of the ark has only shown natural sedimentary formations.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|last=Collins\|first=Lorence G.\|title=A supposed cast of Noah's ark in eastern Turkey\|year=2011\|access-date=2015-10-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191940/http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Sutton%20Hoo%2014.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-05\|url-status=live}}</ref> While biblical literalists often maintain the Ark's existence in archaeological history, much of its scientific feasibility along with that of the deluge has been contested.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Review of John Woodmorappe's "Noah's Ark: A Feasibility Study"\|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/woodmorappe-review.html\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=www.talkorigins.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark {{!}} National Center for Science Education\|url=https://ncse.ngo/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark\|access-date=2021-04-06\|website=ncse.ngo\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Cultural legacy: Noah's Ark replicas ==		==Cultural legacy: Noah's Ark replicas ==

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	The parallels between Noah's Ark and the arks of Babylonian flood heroes Atrahasis and Utnapishtim have often been noted. Atrahasis' Ark was circular, resembling an enormous ''[[Kuphar\|quffa]]'', with one or two decks.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nova: Secrets of Noah's Ark\|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/secrets-of-noahs-ark/\|date=October 7, 2015\|website=www.pbs.org\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> Utnapishtim's ark was a [[cube]] with six decks of seven compartments, each divided into nine subcompartments (63 subcompartments per deck, 378 total). Noah's Ark was rectangular with three decks. A progression is believed to exist from a circular to a cubic or square to rectangular. The most striking similarity is the near-identical deck areas of the three arks: 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, and 15,000 cubits<sup>2</sup> for Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, and Noah, only 4% different. [[Irving Finkel]] concluded, "the iconic story of the Flood, Noah, and the Ark as we know it today certainly originated in the landscape of ancient Mesopotamia, modern Iraq."{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}		The parallels between Noah's Ark and the arks of Babylonian flood heroes Atrahasis and Utnapishtim have often been noted. Atrahasis' Ark was circular, resembling an enormous ''[[Kuphar\|quffa]]'', with one or two decks.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nova: Secrets of Noah's Ark\|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/secrets-of-noahs-ark/\|date=October 7, 2015\|website=www.pbs.org\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> Utnapishtim's ark was a [[cube]] with six decks of seven compartments, each divided into nine subcompartments (63 subcompartments per deck, 378 total). Noah's Ark was rectangular with three decks. A progression is believed to exist from a circular to a cubic or square to rectangular. The most striking similarity is the near-identical deck areas of the three arks: 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, 14,400 cubits<sup>2</sup>, and 15,000 cubits<sup>2</sup> for Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, and Noah, only 4% different. [[Irving Finkel]] concluded, "the iconic story of the Flood, Noah, and the Ark as we know it today certainly originated in the landscape of ancient Mesopotamia, modern Iraq."{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}

	Linguistic parallels between Noah's and Atrahasis' arks have also been noted. The word used for "pitch" (sealing tar or resin) in Genesis is not the normal Hebrew word, but is closely related to the word used in the Babylonian story.{{sfn\|McKeown\|2008\|p=55}} Likewise, the Hebrew word for "ark" (''~~tevah~~'') is nearly identical to the Babylonian word for an oblong boat (''ṭubbû''), especially given that "v" and "b" are the same letter in Hebrew: [[bet (letter)\|bet]] (ב).{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}		Linguistic parallels between Noah's and Atrahasis' arks have also been noted. The word used for "pitch" (sealing tar or resin) in Genesis is not the normal Hebrew word, but is closely related to the word used in the Babylonian story.{{sfn\|McKeown\|2008\|p=55}} Likewise, the Hebrew word for "ark" (''tēvāh'') is nearly identical to the Babylonian word for an oblong boat (''ṭubbû''), especially given that "v" and "b" are the same letter in Hebrew: [[bet (letter)\|bet]] (ב).{{sfn\|Finkel\|2014\|loc=chpt.14}}

	However, the causes for God or the gods sending the flood differ in the various stories. In the Hebrew myth, the flood inflicts God's judgment on wicked humanity. The Babylonian ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'' gives no reasons, and the flood appears the result of divine caprice.<ref name="May Metzger">May, Herbert G., and Bruce M. Metzger. ''The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha''. 1977.</ref> In the Babylonian [[Atra-Hasis\|Atrahasis]] version, the flood is sent to reduce human overpopulation, and after the flood, other measures were introduced to limit humanity.<ref>{{cite book\|editor1=Stephanie Dalley \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&q=flood\|title=Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others\| date=2000 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424054145/https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC#v=onepage&q=flood&f=false \|archive-date=2016-04-24 \|pages= 5–8\| publisher=OUP Oxford \| isbn=978-0-19-953836-2 }}</ref><ref>Alan Dundes, ed., [https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&q=Gilgamesh%2C+flood&pg=PA62 ''The Flood Myth''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514162849/https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q=Gilgamesh%2C%20flood&f=false \|date=2016-05-14 }}, pp. 61–71.</ref><ref>J. David Pleins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&q=ziusudra+flood+story&pg=PA102 ''When the Great Abyss Opened: Classic and Contemporary Readings of Noah's Flood''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624184753/https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=ziusudra%20flood%20story&f=false \|date=2016-06-24 }}, pp. 102–103.</ref>		However, the causes for God or the gods sending the flood differ in the various stories. In the Hebrew myth, the flood inflicts God's judgment on wicked humanity. The Babylonian ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'' gives no reasons, and the flood appears the result of divine caprice.<ref name="May Metzger">May, Herbert G., and Bruce M. Metzger. ''The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha''. 1977.</ref> In the Babylonian [[Atra-Hasis\|Atrahasis]] version, the flood is sent to reduce human overpopulation, and after the flood, other measures were introduced to limit humanity.<ref>{{cite book\|editor1=Stephanie Dalley \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&q=flood\|title=Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others\| date=2000 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424054145/https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC#v=onepage&q=flood&f=false \|archive-date=2016-04-24 \|pages= 5–8\| publisher=OUP Oxford \| isbn=978-0-19-953836-2 }}</ref><ref>Alan Dundes, ed., [https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&q=Gilgamesh%2C+flood&pg=PA62 ''The Flood Myth''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514162849/https://books.google.com/books?id=E__dnnQwGDwC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q=Gilgamesh%2C%20flood&f=false \|date=2016-05-14 }}, pp. 61–71.</ref><ref>J. David Pleins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&q=ziusudra+flood+story&pg=PA102 ''When the Great Abyss Opened: Classic and Contemporary Readings of Noah's Flood''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624184753/https://books.google.com/books?id=PX0fIE5IU8gC&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=ziusudra%20flood%20story&f=false \|date=2016-06-24 }}, pp. 102–103.</ref>

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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BC).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries ~~BCE~~).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BC).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:40, 11 October 2024
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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's ~~edge~~''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's Ark''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:38, 11 October 2024
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	[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]		[[File:Edward Hicks, American - Noah's Ark - Google Art Project.jpg\|thumb\|''Noah's Ark'' (1846), by the American folk painter [[Edward Hicks]]]]

	'''Noah's ~~Ark~~''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}		'''Noah's edge''' ({{lang-he\|תיבת נח}}; [[Biblical Hebrew]]: ''Tevat Noaḥ'')<ref group="Notes" name="Ark">The word "ark" in modern English comes from Old English ''aerca'', meaning a chest or box. (See Cresswell 2010, p.22) The Hebrew word for the vessel, ''teva'', occurs twice in the [[Torah]], in the flood narrative ([[Book of Genesis]] 6-9) and in the [[Book of Exodus]], where it refers to the basket in which [[Jochebed]] places the infant [[Moses]]. (The word for the [[Ark of the Covenant]], ''aron'', is quite different.) The Ark is built to save Noah, his family, and representatives of all animals from a divinely-sent flood intended to wipe out all life, and in both cases, the ''teva'' has a connection with [[salvation]] from waters. (See Levenson 2014, p.21)</ref> is the boat in the [[Genesis flood narrative]] through which [[God in Abrahamic religions\|God]] spares [[Noah]], his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a global deluge.{{sfn\|Bailey\|1990\|p=63}} The story in Genesis is based on earlier [[flood myth]]s originating in [[Mesopotamia]], and is repeated, with variations, in the [[Quran]], where the Ark appears as ''Safinat [[Noah in Islam\|Nūḥ]]'' ({{lang-ar\|سَفِينَةُ نُوحٍ}} "Noah's ship") and ''al-fulk'' (Arabic: الفُلْك). The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in the [[Old Babylonian Empire]] period (20th–16th centuries BCE).<ref name="t984">{{cite book \| last=Chen \| first=Y. S. \| title=The Primeval Flood Catastrophe \| publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \| publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom \| year=2013 \| isbn=978-0-19-967620-0 \| oclc=839396707 \| page=2}}</ref> The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that of [[Utnapishtim]] in the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]].{{sfn\|Nigosian\|2004\|p=40}}

	Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>		Early Christian and Jewish writers such as [[Flavius Josephus]] believed that Noah's Ark existed. Unsuccessful [[searches for Noah's Ark]] have been made from at least the time of [[Eusebius]] (c. 275–339 CE). Believers in the Ark continue to search for it in modern times, but no scientific evidence that the Ark existed has ever been found,<ref name="Cline 2009" /> nor is there scientific evidence for a global flood.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Lorence G. Collins \|date=2009 \|title=Yes, Noah's Flood May Have Happened, But Not Over the Whole Earth \|language=en \|work=NCSE \|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|url-status=live \|access-date=2018-08-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054743/https://ncse.com/library-resource/yes-noahs-flood-may-have-happened-not-over-whole-earth \|archive-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> The boat and the natural disaster as described in the Bible would have been contingent upon physical impossibilities and extraordinary anachronisms.<ref name="Moore1983">{{cite journal \|last=Moore \|first=Robert A. \|year=1983 \|title=The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark \|url=https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|url-status=live \|journal=Creation Evolution Journal \|volume=4 \|pages=1–43 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717074346/https://ncse.com/cej/4/1/impossible-voyage-noahs-ark \|archive-date=2016-07-17 \|access-date=2016-07-10 \|number=1}}</ref> Some researchers believe that a real (though localized) flood event in the [[Middle East]] could potentially have inspired the oral and later written narratives; a Persian Gulf flood, or a [[Black Sea deluge hypothesis\|Black Sea Deluge]] 7,500 years ago has been proposed as such a historical candidate.<ref name="RyanOthers1997a">{{Cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. F. \|last2=Pitman\|first2=W. C.\|last3=Major\|first3=C. O. \|last4=Shimkus \|first4=K. \|last5=Moskalenko \|first5=V. \|last6=Jones\|first6=G. A. \|last7=Dimitrov \|first7=P. \|last8=Gorür \|first8=N. \|last9=Sakinç \|first9=M. \|date=1997 \|title=An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf \|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf \|journal=Marine Geology \|volume=138\|issue=1–2\|pages=119–126\|doi=10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00007-8\|access-date=2014-12-23\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104301/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~billr/BlackSea/Ryan_et_al_MG_1997.pdf\|archive-date=2016-03-04\|url-status=dead\|citeseerx=10.1.1.598.2866 \|bibcode=1997MGeol.138..119R \|s2cid=129316719 \| issn=0025-3227 }}</ref><ref name="RyanOthers2003a">{{cite journal \|last1=Ryan \|first1=W. B. \|last2=Major \|first2=C. O. \|last3=Lericolais \|first3=G. \|last4=Goldstein \|first4=S. L. \|year=2003 \|title=Catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea \|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences \|volume=31 \|issue=1 \|pages=525−554 \|doi= 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141249\|bibcode=2003AREPS..31..525R }}</ref>