John List (murderer) - Revision history

Smasongarrison: Moving from Category:Familicides to Category:Familicides in the United States Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

2024-08-26T02:58:42Z

Moving from Category:Familicides to Category:Familicides in the United States Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

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	[[Category:Fugitives]]		[[Category:Fugitives]]
	[[Category:Massacres in 1971]]		[[Category:Massacres in 1971]]

GreenC bot: Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#articles.latimes.com

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Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#articles.latimes.com

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	A court-appointed [[psychiatrist]] testified that List suffered from [[obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]], and that he saw only two solutions to his situation: accept [[Social programs in the United States#Welfare\|welfare]], or kill his family and send their souls to [[heaven]].<ref name="NYT19900407">{{Cite news \|first=Joseph F. \|last=Sullivan \|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|title=Slaying Suspect Saw 2 Choices, Doctor Testifies \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=April 7, 1990 \|access-date=May 6, 2010 \|archive-date=December 17, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217054051/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=I Know That What Has Been Done Is Wrong \|date=March 29, 1990 \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|access-date=March 30, 2016 \|archive-date=May 12, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512101536/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Welfare was an unacceptable option, he reasoned, because it would expose him and his family to ridicule and violate his [[Authoritarian personality\|authoritarian]] father's teachings regarding the care and protection of family members.<ref name="NYT19900407" />		A court-appointed [[psychiatrist]] testified that List suffered from [[obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]], and that he saw only two solutions to his situation: accept [[Social programs in the United States#Welfare\|welfare]], or kill his family and send their souls to [[heaven]].<ref name="NYT19900407">{{Cite news \|first=Joseph F. \|last=Sullivan \|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|title=Slaying Suspect Saw 2 Choices, Doctor Testifies \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=April 7, 1990 \|access-date=May 6, 2010 \|archive-date=December 17, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217054051/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=I Know That What Has Been Done Is Wrong \|date=March 29, 1990 \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|access-date=March 30, 2016 \|archive-date=May 12, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512101536/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Welfare was an unacceptable option, he reasoned, because it would expose him and his family to ridicule and violate his [[Authoritarian personality\|authoritarian]] father's teachings regarding the care and protection of family members.<ref name="NYT19900407" />

	On April 12, 1990, List was convicted of five counts of [[first degree murder]].<ref name="LA Times" /> At his sentencing hearing, he denied direct responsibility for his actions: "I feel that because of my mental state at the time, I was unaccountable for what happened. I ask all affected by this for their forgiveness, understanding and prayer."<ref>{{cite news \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|title=Judge Sentences Family Killer to Life in Prison \|url=~~http~~://~~articles~~.latimes.com/1990-05-02~~/news/~~mn-~~174_1_life~~-~~sentences~~ \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|date=May 20, 1990 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=September 28, 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113316/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-02/news/mn-174_1_life-sentences \|url-status=live }}</ref> The judge was unpersuaded: "John Emil List is without remorse and without honor," he said. "After 18 years, five months and 22 days, it is now time for the voices of Helen, Alma, Patricia, Frederick and John F. List to rise from the grave." He imposed a sentence of five terms of [[life imprisonment]], to be served consecutively, the maximum permissible penalty at the time.<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news \|title=Killer of Family Gets 5 Life Terms : Court: Judge sentences accountant who murdered his mother, wife and children 18 years ago to the maximum sentence \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|date=May 11, 1990 \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-01-mn-423-story.html \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|access-date=July 18, 2021 \|archive-date=August 29, 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829032023/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-01/news/mn-423_1_maximum-sentence \|url-status=live }}</ref>		On April 12, 1990, List was convicted of five counts of [[first degree murder]].<ref name="LA Times" /> At his sentencing hearing, he denied direct responsibility for his actions: "I feel that because of my mental state at the time, I was unaccountable for what happened. I ask all affected by this for their forgiveness, understanding and prayer."<ref>{{cite news \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|title=Judge Sentences Family Killer to Life in Prison \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-02-mn-174-story.html \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|date=May 20, 1990 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=September 28, 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113316/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-02/news/mn-174_1_life-sentences \|url-status=live }}</ref> The judge was unpersuaded: "John Emil List is without remorse and without honor," he said. "After 18 years, five months and 22 days, it is now time for the voices of Helen, Alma, Patricia, Frederick and John F. List to rise from the grave." He imposed a sentence of five terms of [[life imprisonment]], to be served consecutively, the maximum permissible penalty at the time.<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news \|title=Killer of Family Gets 5 Life Terms : Court: Judge sentences accountant who murdered his mother, wife and children 18 years ago to the maximum sentence \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|date=May 11, 1990 \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-01-mn-423-story.html \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|access-date=July 18, 2021 \|archive-date=August 29, 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829032023/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-01/news/mn-423_1_maximum-sentence \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	List filed an [[appeal]] of his convictions on grounds that his judgment had been impaired by [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] due to his military service. He also argued that the letter he left behind at the crime scene, essentially his confession, was a confidential communication to his pastor and therefore inadmissible as evidence. A federal appeals court rejected both arguments.<ref name="NYT_19830325">{{cite news \|first=D. \|last=Stout \|title=John E. List, 82, Killer of 5 Family Members, Dies \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=March 25, 2008 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=January 18, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118060436/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|url-status=live }}</ref>		List filed an [[appeal]] of his convictions on grounds that his judgment had been impaired by [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] due to his military service. He also argued that the letter he left behind at the crime scene, essentially his confession, was a confidential communication to his pastor and therefore inadmissible as evidence. A federal appeals court rejected both arguments.<ref name="NYT_19830325">{{cite news \|first=D. \|last=Stout \|title=John E. List, 82, Killer of 5 Family Members, Dies \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=March 25, 2008 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=January 18, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118060436/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|url-status=live }}</ref>

Dimadick: /* External links */

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External links

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172.115.107.18: /* Early life and education */added content by being exact

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Early life and education: added content by being exact

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	== Early life and education ==		== Early life and education ==
	Born in [[Bay City, Michigan]], List was the only child of [[German American]] parents John Frederick List (1859–1944) and Alma Barbara Florence List (1887–1971)<!--born February 12, 1887-->. Like his father, List was a devout [[Lutheran]] and a [[Sunday school]] teacher. List graduated from [[Bay City Central High School]] in 1943. That same year, he enlisted in the United States Army and served as a [[laboratory technician]] during [[World War II]]. His father died in 1944. After List was discharged in 1946, he enrolled at the [[University of Michigan]] in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan\|Ann Arbor]], where he earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in [[business administration]] and a [[master's degree]] in [[accounting]], and was commissioned a [[~~second~~ lieutenant]] through [[ROTC]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|page=101}}</ref>		Born in [[Bay City, Michigan]], List was the only child of [[German American]] parents John Frederick List (1859–1944) and Alma Barbara Florence List (1887–1971)<!--born February 12, 1887-->. Like his father, List was a devout [[Lutheran]] and a [[Sunday school]] teacher. List graduated from [[Bay City Central High School]] in 1943. That same year, he enlisted in the United States Army and served as a [[laboratory technician]] during [[World War II]]. His father died in 1944. After List was discharged in 1946, he enrolled at the [[University of Michigan]] in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan\|Ann Arbor]], where he earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in [[business administration]] and a [[master's degree]] in [[accounting]], and was commissioned a [[lieutenant]] through [[ROTC]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|page=101}}</ref>

	== Military service and civilian career ==		== Military service and civilian career ==

DoctorDoctorRBLX at 22:49, 10 June 2024

2024-06-10T22:49:46Z

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	\| date = November 9, 1971		\| date = November 9, 1971
	\| locations = [[Westfield, New Jersey]], U.S.		\| locations = [[Westfield, New Jersey]], U.S.
	\| targets = Mother, ~~Wife~~, ~~Three~~ children		\| targets = Mother, wife, three children
	\| fatalities = 5		\| fatalities = 5
	\| weapons = {{Plainlist\|		\| weapons = {{Plainlist\|

2601:184:4600:1560:B8B4:7052:EC49:95DA: /* Relocation, arrest, and trial */

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Relocation, arrest, and trial

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	In 1972, List was proposed as a suspect in the [[D. B. Cooper]] [[air piracy]] case because of the timing of his disappearance (two weeks prior to the [[Aircraft hijacking\|airline hijacking]]), multiple matches to the hijacker's description, and the reasoning that "a fugitive accused of mass murder has nothing to lose."<ref name="nymagtimeline">{{cite news \|last=Coreno \|first=Catherine \|date=October 22, 2007 \|title=D.B. Cooper: A Timeline \|work=[[New York (magazine)\|New York]] \|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|access-date=January 10, 2008 \|archive-date=July 6, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706063155/http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=76–77}}</ref> List was questioned by FBI investigators after his capture, but he denied any involvement in the Cooper case. While his name is still occasionally mentioned in Cooper articles and documentaries, no direct evidence implicates him, and the FBI no longer considers him a suspect.<ref name="NYT20081228" />		In 1972, List was proposed as a suspect in the [[D. B. Cooper]] [[air piracy]] case because of the timing of his disappearance (two weeks prior to the [[Aircraft hijacking\|airline hijacking]]), multiple matches to the hijacker's description, and the reasoning that "a fugitive accused of mass murder has nothing to lose."<ref name="nymagtimeline">{{cite news \|last=Coreno \|first=Catherine \|date=October 22, 2007 \|title=D.B. Cooper: A Timeline \|work=[[New York (magazine)\|New York]] \|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|access-date=January 10, 2008 \|archive-date=July 6, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706063155/http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=76–77}}</ref> List was questioned by FBI investigators after his capture, but he denied any involvement in the Cooper case. While his name is still occasionally mentioned in Cooper articles and documentaries, no direct evidence implicates him, and the FBI no longer considers him a suspect.<ref name="NYT20081228" />

	In May 1989, the ~~18-year-~~old crime was recounted on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company\|Fox]] television program ''[[America's Most Wanted]]'' during its first year on the air.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Notorious AMW Fugitive John List Dead at 82\|publisher=America's Most Wanted\|date=March 24, 2008\|url=http://www.amw.com/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130610/http://www.amw.com:80/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-date=February 22, 2012\|access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NYT_19830325" /> The segment featured an [[Age progression\|age-progressed]] clay [[Bust (sculpture)\|bust]], sculpted by [[forensic]] artist [[Frank Bender]], which turned out to bear a close resemblance to List's actual appearance.<ref>{{cite news\|first=Margalit\|last=Fox\|date=July 30, 2011\|title=Frank Bender, 'Recomposer' of Faces of the Dead, Dies at 70\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]\|access-date=September 29, 2013\|archive-date=December 20, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220032804/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|title=John List Bust Remembered as Sculptor Faces Death\|publisher=[[Livingly Media\|Zimbio]]\|first=JJ\|last=Duncan\|date=January 2, 2010\|access-date=March 21, 2016\|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021417/http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 1, less than two weeks after the broadcast, List was arrested at a [[Richmond, Virginia\|Richmond]] accounting firm after a Denver neighbor recognized the description and alerted authorities.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|title=FBI Richmond Division History \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|access-date=December 19, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116171738/http://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|archive-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|pages=396–399}}</ref> List continued to stand by his alias for several months, even after his 1989 [[extradition]] to [[Union County, New Jersey]]; finally, faced with irrefutable evidence – including a [[fingerprint]] match with List's military records, as well as evidence found at the crime scene – he confessed his true identity on February 16, 1990.<ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|page=452}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title='He Just Fit Right In' – And That's How He Hid If Not for a TV Show, John List's New Life Might Have Forever Remained a Secret\|url=http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]\|access-date=March 30, 2016\|archive-date=April 29, 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429104821/http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|first1=Stacey\|last1=Burling\|first2=Carol\|last2=Horner\|first3=Inga\|last3=Saffron\|date=June 11, 1989}}</ref>		In May 1989, the 17 years, 6 months, 23 days old crime was recounted on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company\|Fox]] television program ''[[America's Most Wanted]]'' during its first year on the air.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Notorious AMW Fugitive John List Dead at 82\|publisher=America's Most Wanted\|date=March 24, 2008\|url=http://www.amw.com/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130610/http://www.amw.com:80/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-date=February 22, 2012\|access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NYT_19830325" /> The segment featured an [[Age progression\|age-progressed]] clay [[Bust (sculpture)\|bust]], sculpted by [[forensic]] artist [[Frank Bender]], which turned out to bear a close resemblance to List's actual appearance.<ref>{{cite news\|first=Margalit\|last=Fox\|date=July 30, 2011\|title=Frank Bender, 'Recomposer' of Faces of the Dead, Dies at 70\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]\|access-date=September 29, 2013\|archive-date=December 20, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220032804/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|title=John List Bust Remembered as Sculptor Faces Death\|publisher=[[Livingly Media\|Zimbio]]\|first=JJ\|last=Duncan\|date=January 2, 2010\|access-date=March 21, 2016\|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021417/http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 1, less than two weeks after the broadcast, List was arrested at a [[Richmond, Virginia\|Richmond]] accounting firm after a Denver neighbor recognized the description and alerted authorities.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|title=FBI Richmond Division History \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|access-date=December 19, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116171738/http://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|archive-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|pages=396–399}}</ref> List continued to stand by his alias for several months, even after his 1989 [[extradition]] to [[Union County, New Jersey]]; finally, faced with irrefutable evidence – including a [[fingerprint]] match with List's military records, as well as evidence found at the crime scene – he confessed his true identity on February 16, 1990.<ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|page=452}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title='He Just Fit Right In' – And That's How He Hid If Not for a TV Show, John List's New Life Might Have Forever Remained a Secret\|url=http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]\|access-date=March 30, 2016\|archive-date=April 29, 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429104821/http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|first1=Stacey\|last1=Burling\|first2=Carol\|last2=Horner\|first3=Inga\|last3=Saffron\|date=June 11, 1989}}</ref>

	At trial, List testified that his financial difficulties reached crisis level in 1971 when he was [[laid off]] with the closure of the Jersey City bank. To avoid sharing this humiliating development with his family, List engaged in the same routine and dress as when employed, leaving home each morning on schedule and spending the day at job interviews or at the Westfield train station, reading newspapers until it was time to come home. List diverted money from his mother's bank accounts to avoid default on his [[mortgage]].<ref name=leader>{{Cite news\|first=Kathy\|last=Halverson\|url=http://www.goleader.com/list/\|title=The List Murders Stun Westfield In 1971\|newspaper=The Westfield Leader\|location=Westfield, New Jersey\|date=February 17, 2001\|access-date=June 28, 2007\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321184241/http://www.goleader.com/list/\|archive-date=March 21, 2006}}</ref> As the year progressed, the family's financial problems became more strained; List encouraged his children to seek part-time work, ostensibly to teach them maturity and responsibility, but in actuality to help keep the family financially solvent.<ref name="NYT20081228" />		At trial, List testified that his financial difficulties reached crisis level in 1971 when he was [[laid off]] with the closure of the Jersey City bank. To avoid sharing this humiliating development with his family, List engaged in the same routine and dress as when employed, leaving home each morning on schedule and spending the day at job interviews or at the Westfield train station, reading newspapers until it was time to come home. List diverted money from his mother's bank accounts to avoid default on his [[mortgage]].<ref name=leader>{{Cite news\|first=Kathy\|last=Halverson\|url=http://www.goleader.com/list/\|title=The List Murders Stun Westfield In 1971\|newspaper=The Westfield Leader\|location=Westfield, New Jersey\|date=February 17, 2001\|access-date=June 28, 2007\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321184241/http://www.goleader.com/list/\|archive-date=March 21, 2006}}</ref> As the year progressed, the family's financial problems became more strained; List encouraged his children to seek part-time work, ostensibly to teach them maturity and responsibility, but in actuality to help keep the family financially solvent.<ref name="NYT20081228" />

DoctorDoctorRBLX at 19:38, 7 June 2024

2024-06-07T19:38:36Z

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	\| date = November 9, 1971		\| date = November 9, 1971
	\| locations = [[Westfield, New Jersey]], U.S.		\| locations = [[Westfield, New Jersey]], U.S.
	\| targets = ~~mother~~, ~~wife~~, ~~three~~ children		\| targets = Mother, Wife, Three children
	\| fatalities = 5		\| fatalities = 5
	\| weapons = {{Plainlist\|		\| weapons = {{Plainlist\|

Citation bot: Altered title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Spinixster | Category:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment | #UCB_Category 238/809

2024-06-02T15:29:02Z

Altered title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Spinixster | Category:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment | #UCB_Category 238/809

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	The murders were not discovered until December 7, nearly a month later, partly because of the family's reclusive tendencies and partly because of notes List sent to the children's schools and part-time jobs claiming that the children would be visiting their ailing maternal grandmother in [[North Carolina]] for a few weeks. Helen's mother was in fact ill, and had canceled a visit to Westfield because of it; had she made the trip, List later said, she would have been his sixth victim.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405060854/http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=April 5, 2005\|title=John List, famous murderer – The Crime Library\|date=April 5, 2005\|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> List also stopped milk, mail, and [[newspaper]] deliveries.<ref name="NYT20081228" /> Neighbors noticed that all of the mansion's rooms were illuminated day and night, with no apparent activity within the house. After light bulbs began burning out one by one, they called the police. Officers entered through an unlocked window leading to the basement and discovered the family's bodies.<ref name="ramsland">{{cite web\|last=Ramsland\|first=Katherine\|title= John List\|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528043621/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html\|archive-date=May 28, 2008\|access-date=September 27, 2013\|publisher=[[TruTV]]}}</ref>		The murders were not discovered until December 7, nearly a month later, partly because of the family's reclusive tendencies and partly because of notes List sent to the children's schools and part-time jobs claiming that the children would be visiting their ailing maternal grandmother in [[North Carolina]] for a few weeks. Helen's mother was in fact ill, and had canceled a visit to Westfield because of it; had she made the trip, List later said, she would have been his sixth victim.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405060854/http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=April 5, 2005\|title=John List, famous murderer – The Crime Library\|date=April 5, 2005\|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> List also stopped milk, mail, and [[newspaper]] deliveries.<ref name="NYT20081228" /> Neighbors noticed that all of the mansion's rooms were illuminated day and night, with no apparent activity within the house. After light bulbs began burning out one by one, they called the police. Officers entered through an unlocked window leading to the basement and discovered the family's bodies.<ref name="ramsland">{{cite web\|last=Ramsland\|first=Katherine\|title= John List\|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528043621/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html\|archive-date=May 28, 2008\|access-date=September 27, 2013\|publisher=[[TruTV]]}}</ref>

	Westfield, which had few violent crimes recorded since 1963, received national attention as the site of one of the most notorious [[felonies]] in New Jersey since the kidnapping and murder of [[Lindbergh kidnapping\|Charles Lindbergh Jr]]. A nationwide [[Manhunt (law enforcement)\|manhunt]] was launched. Police investigated hundreds of leads without success.<ref>{{cite episode\|people=Palm, Matthew (Writer), Jacobson, Paul (Director)\|title=To Save Their Souls\|series=American Justice\|series-link=American Justice\|network=Entertainment Studios\|location=Los Angeles, California\|date=1992}}</ref> All reliable photographs of List had been destroyed. The family car (a green 1963 [[Chevrolet Impala]] sedan) was found parked at [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] in [[New York City]], but police found no evidence that List had boarded a flight.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Douthat \|first=Strat \|date=18 June 1989 \|title=The Fugitive : In 18 Years on the Run, Slaying ~~Suspect’s~~ Life Comes to Resemble His Old One \|work=Los Angeles Times \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-18-mn-3671-story.html}}</ref><ref name="NYT20081228" /> Alma's body was flown to [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]], and interred at the Saint Lorenz Lutheran Cemetery. Helen and her three children were buried at [[Fairview Cemetery (Westfield, New Jersey)\|Fairview Cemetery]] in Westfield.<ref name="ramsland" />		Westfield, which had few violent crimes recorded since 1963, received national attention as the site of one of the most notorious [[felonies]] in New Jersey since the kidnapping and murder of [[Lindbergh kidnapping\|Charles Lindbergh Jr]]. A nationwide [[Manhunt (law enforcement)\|manhunt]] was launched. Police investigated hundreds of leads without success.<ref>{{cite episode\|people=Palm, Matthew (Writer), Jacobson, Paul (Director)\|title=To Save Their Souls\|series=American Justice\|series-link=American Justice\|network=Entertainment Studios\|location=Los Angeles, California\|date=1992}}</ref> All reliable photographs of List had been destroyed. The family car (a green 1963 [[Chevrolet Impala]] sedan) was found parked at [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] in [[New York City]], but police found no evidence that List had boarded a flight.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Douthat \|first=Strat \|date=18 June 1989 \|title=The Fugitive : In 18 Years on the Run, Slaying Suspect's Life Comes to Resemble His Old One \|work=Los Angeles Times \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-18-mn-3671-story.html}}</ref><ref name="NYT20081228" /> Alma's body was flown to [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]], and interred at the Saint Lorenz Lutheran Cemetery. Helen and her three children were buried at [[Fairview Cemetery (Westfield, New Jersey)\|Fairview Cemetery]] in Westfield.<ref name="ramsland" />

	Breeze Knoll remained empty until it was destroyed by fire in August 1972, nine months after the murders. Although the destruction was officially ruled [[arson]], it remains unsolved with no suspects.<ref name="BN">{{cite web\|title=Breeze Knoll: The John List Murder House\| url=http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710132859/http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|access-date=December 29, 2015\|publisher=HouseCrazy}}</ref> Destroyed along with the home was the ballroom's [[stained glass]] skylight, rumored to be a signed [[Louis Comfort Tiffany\|Tiffany]] original, worth at least $100,000 at the time ({{Inflation\|US\|100000\|1972\|r=-4\|fmt=eq}}). A new house was built on the site in 1974.<ref name="BN" /><ref name="NYT_19830325" />		Breeze Knoll remained empty until it was destroyed by fire in August 1972, nine months after the murders. Although the destruction was officially ruled [[arson]], it remains unsolved with no suspects.<ref name="BN">{{cite web\|title=Breeze Knoll: The John List Murder House\| url=http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710132859/http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|access-date=December 29, 2015\|publisher=HouseCrazy}}</ref> Destroyed along with the home was the ballroom's [[stained glass]] skylight, rumored to be a signed [[Louis Comfort Tiffany\|Tiffany]] original, worth at least $100,000 at the time ({{Inflation\|US\|100000\|1972\|r=-4\|fmt=eq}}). A new house was built on the site in 1974.<ref name="BN" /><ref name="NYT_19830325" />

122.106.10.1: maiden name of wife

2024-05-22T17:28:13Z

maiden name of wife

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:28, 22 May 2024
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	\| penalty = [[Life imprisonment]]		\| penalty = [[Life imprisonment]]
	\| spouse = {{plainlist\|		\| spouse = {{plainlist\|
	* {{marriage\|Helen ~~List~~\| December 1, 1951\| November 9, 1971\|end=d}}		* {{marriage\|Helen Morris Taylor\| December 1, 1951\| November 9, 1971\|end=d}}
	* {{marriage\|Delores Miller Clark\|1985\|1989\|end=div}}		* {{marriage\|Delores Miller Clark\|1985\|1989\|end=div}}
	}}		}}

Swinub: clean up, typo(s) fixed: December 1, 1951 → December 1, 1951,, , Jr → Jr

2024-05-22T12:08:32Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: December 1, 1951 → December 1, 1951,, , Jr → Jr

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:08, 22 May 2024
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	{{Short description\|American mass murderer (1925–2008)}}		{{Short description\|American mass murderer (1925–2008)}}
⚫	{{Use mdy dates\|date=April 2022}}
	{{About\|the murderer\|the economist\|John A. List}}		{{About\|the murderer\|the economist\|John A. List}}
		⚫	{{Use mdy dates\|date=April 2022}}
	{{Infobox criminal		{{Infobox criminal
	\| name = John List		\| name = John List
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	== Military service and civilian career ==		== Military service and civilian career ==
	In November 1950, as the [[Korean War]] escalated, List was recalled to active military service. At [[Fort Eustis]] in [[Virginia]], he met Helen Morris Taylor, the [[widow]] of an infantry officer [[killed in action]] in [[Korea]], who lived nearby with her daughter, Brenda. John and Helen married on December 1, 1951 in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], and the family moved to [[northern California]]. The Army, recognizing List's accounting skills, reassigned him to the [[Finance Corps]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=120–125}}</ref>		In November 1950, as the [[Korean War]] escalated, List was recalled to active military service. At [[Fort Eustis]] in [[Virginia]], he met Helen Morris Taylor, the [[widow]] of an infantry officer [[killed in action]] in [[Korea]], who lived nearby with her daughter, Brenda. John and Helen married on December 1, 1951, in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], and the family moved to [[northern California]]. The Army, recognizing List's accounting skills, reassigned him to the [[Finance Corps]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=120–125}}</ref>

	After completion of his second tour in 1952, List worked for an accounting firm in [[Detroit]], and then as an [[audit]] supervisor at a paper company in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan\|Kalamazoo]], where his three children were born.<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=126–7}}</ref> By 1959, List had risen to general supervisor of the company's accounting department; but Helen, an [[alcoholism\|alcoholic]], had become increasingly unstable due to [[syphilis]] she had contracted from her first husband, which she did not disclose to List before their marriage.<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=131–7}}</ref> In 1960, his stepdaughter Brenda married and left the household, and List moved with the remainder of his family to [[Rochester, New York]], to take a job with [[Xerox]]. There, he eventually became director of accounting services.<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=137–9}}</ref> In 1965, List accepted a position as vice president and [[comptroller]] at a bank in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], and moved with his wife, children, and mother into Breeze Knoll, a 19-room [[Victorian architecture\|Victorian]] mansion, located at 431 Hillside Avenue in [[Westfield, New Jersey]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=153–60}}</ref>		After completion of his second tour in 1952, List worked for an accounting firm in [[Detroit]], and then as an [[audit]] supervisor at a paper company in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan\|Kalamazoo]], where his three children were born.<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=126–7}}</ref> By 1959, List had risen to general supervisor of the company's accounting department; but Helen, an [[alcoholism\|alcoholic]], had become increasingly unstable due to [[syphilis]] she had contracted from her first husband, which she did not disclose to List before their marriage.<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=131–7}}</ref> In 1960, his stepdaughter Brenda married and left the household, and List moved with the remainder of his family to [[Rochester, New York]], to take a job with [[Xerox]]. There, he eventually became director of accounting services.<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=137–9}}</ref> In 1965, List accepted a position as vice president and [[comptroller]] at a bank in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], and moved with his wife, children, and mother into Breeze Knoll, a 19-room [[Victorian architecture\|Victorian]] mansion, located at 431 Hillside Avenue in [[Westfield, New Jersey]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=153–60}}</ref>
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	The murders were not discovered until December 7, nearly a month later, partly because of the family's reclusive tendencies and partly because of notes List sent to the children's schools and part-time jobs claiming that the children would be visiting their ailing maternal grandmother in [[North Carolina]] for a few weeks. Helen's mother was in fact ill, and had canceled a visit to Westfield because of it; had she made the trip, List later said, she would have been his sixth victim.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405060854/http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=April 5, 2005\|title=John List, famous murderer – The Crime Library\|date=April 5, 2005\|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> List also stopped milk, mail, and [[newspaper]] deliveries.<ref name="NYT20081228" /> Neighbors noticed that all of the mansion's rooms were illuminated day and night, with no apparent activity within the house. After light bulbs began burning out one by one, they called the police. Officers entered through an unlocked window leading to the basement and discovered the family's bodies.<ref name="ramsland">{{cite web\|last=Ramsland\|first=Katherine\|title= John List\|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528043621/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html\|archive-date=May 28, 2008\|access-date=September 27, 2013\|publisher=[[TruTV]]}}</ref>		The murders were not discovered until December 7, nearly a month later, partly because of the family's reclusive tendencies and partly because of notes List sent to the children's schools and part-time jobs claiming that the children would be visiting their ailing maternal grandmother in [[North Carolina]] for a few weeks. Helen's mother was in fact ill, and had canceled a visit to Westfield because of it; had she made the trip, List later said, she would have been his sixth victim.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405060854/http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=April 5, 2005\|title=John List, famous murderer – The Crime Library\|date=April 5, 2005\|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> List also stopped milk, mail, and [[newspaper]] deliveries.<ref name="NYT20081228" /> Neighbors noticed that all of the mansion's rooms were illuminated day and night, with no apparent activity within the house. After light bulbs began burning out one by one, they called the police. Officers entered through an unlocked window leading to the basement and discovered the family's bodies.<ref name="ramsland">{{cite web\|last=Ramsland\|first=Katherine\|title= John List\|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528043621/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html\|archive-date=May 28, 2008\|access-date=September 27, 2013\|publisher=[[TruTV]]}}</ref>

	Westfield, which had few violent crimes recorded since 1963, received national attention as the site of one of the most notorious [[felonies]] in New Jersey since the kidnapping and murder of [[Lindbergh kidnapping\|Charles Lindbergh, Jr]]. A nationwide [[Manhunt (law enforcement)\|manhunt]] was launched. Police investigated hundreds of leads without success.<ref>{{cite episode\|people=Palm, Matthew (Writer), Jacobson, Paul (Director)\|title=To Save Their Souls\|series=American Justice\|series-link=American Justice\|network=Entertainment Studios\|location=Los Angeles, California\|date=1992}}</ref> All reliable photographs of List had been destroyed. The family car (a green 1963 [[Chevrolet Impala]] sedan) was found parked at [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] in [[New York City]], but police found no evidence that List had boarded a flight.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Douthat \|first=Strat \|date=18 June 1989 \|title=The Fugitive : In 18 Years on the Run, Slaying Suspect’s Life Comes to Resemble His Old One \|work=Los Angeles Times \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-18-mn-3671-story.html}}</ref><ref name="NYT20081228" /> Alma's body was flown to [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]], and interred at the Saint Lorenz Lutheran Cemetery. Helen and her three children were buried at [[Fairview Cemetery (Westfield, New Jersey)\|Fairview Cemetery]] in Westfield.<ref name="ramsland" />		Westfield, which had few violent crimes recorded since 1963, received national attention as the site of one of the most notorious [[felonies]] in New Jersey since the kidnapping and murder of [[Lindbergh kidnapping\|Charles Lindbergh Jr]]. A nationwide [[Manhunt (law enforcement)\|manhunt]] was launched. Police investigated hundreds of leads without success.<ref>{{cite episode\|people=Palm, Matthew (Writer), Jacobson, Paul (Director)\|title=To Save Their Souls\|series=American Justice\|series-link=American Justice\|network=Entertainment Studios\|location=Los Angeles, California\|date=1992}}</ref> All reliable photographs of List had been destroyed. The family car (a green 1963 [[Chevrolet Impala]] sedan) was found parked at [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] in [[New York City]], but police found no evidence that List had boarded a flight.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Douthat \|first=Strat \|date=18 June 1989 \|title=The Fugitive : In 18 Years on the Run, Slaying Suspect’s Life Comes to Resemble His Old One \|work=Los Angeles Times \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-18-mn-3671-story.html}}</ref><ref name="NYT20081228" /> Alma's body was flown to [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]], and interred at the Saint Lorenz Lutheran Cemetery. Helen and her three children were buried at [[Fairview Cemetery (Westfield, New Jersey)\|Fairview Cemetery]] in Westfield.<ref name="ramsland" />

	Breeze Knoll remained empty until it was destroyed by fire in August 1972, nine months after the murders. Although the destruction was officially ruled [[arson]], it remains unsolved with no suspects.<ref name="BN">{{cite web\|title=Breeze Knoll: The John List Murder House\| url=http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710132859/http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|access-date=December 29, 2015\|publisher=HouseCrazy}}</ref> Destroyed along with the home was the ballroom's [[stained glass]] skylight, rumored to be a signed [[Louis Comfort Tiffany\|Tiffany]] original, worth at least $100,000 at the time ({{Inflation\|US\|100000\|1972\|r=-4\|fmt=eq}}). A new house was built on the site in 1974.<ref name="BN" /><ref name="NYT_19830325" />		Breeze Knoll remained empty until it was destroyed by fire in August 1972, nine months after the murders. Although the destruction was officially ruled [[arson]], it remains unsolved with no suspects.<ref name="BN">{{cite web\|title=Breeze Knoll: The John List Murder House\| url=http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710132859/http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|access-date=December 29, 2015\|publisher=HouseCrazy}}</ref> Destroyed along with the home was the ballroom's [[stained glass]] skylight, rumored to be a signed [[Louis Comfort Tiffany\|Tiffany]] original, worth at least $100,000 at the time ({{Inflation\|US\|100000\|1972\|r=-4\|fmt=eq}}). A new house was built on the site in 1974.<ref name="BN" /><ref name="NYT_19830325" />

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:47, 14 August 2024
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	A court-appointed [[psychiatrist]] testified that List suffered from [[obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]], and that he saw only two solutions to his situation: accept [[Social programs in the United States#Welfare\|welfare]], or kill his family and send their souls to [[heaven]].<ref name="NYT19900407">{{Cite news \|first=Joseph F. \|last=Sullivan \|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|title=Slaying Suspect Saw 2 Choices, Doctor Testifies \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=April 7, 1990 \|access-date=May 6, 2010 \|archive-date=December 17, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217054051/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=I Know That What Has Been Done Is Wrong \|date=March 29, 1990 \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|access-date=March 30, 2016 \|archive-date=May 12, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512101536/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Welfare was an unacceptable option, he reasoned, because it would expose him and his family to ridicule and violate his [[Authoritarian personality\|authoritarian]] father's teachings regarding the care and protection of family members.<ref name="NYT19900407" />		A court-appointed [[psychiatrist]] testified that List suffered from [[obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]], and that he saw only two solutions to his situation: accept [[Social programs in the United States#Welfare\|welfare]], or kill his family and send their souls to [[heaven]].<ref name="NYT19900407">{{Cite news \|first=Joseph F. \|last=Sullivan \|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|title=Slaying Suspect Saw 2 Choices, Doctor Testifies \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=April 7, 1990 \|access-date=May 6, 2010 \|archive-date=December 17, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217054051/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DE1630F934A35757C0A966958260 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=I Know That What Has Been Done Is Wrong \|date=March 29, 1990 \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|access-date=March 30, 2016 \|archive-date=May 12, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512101536/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/29/nyregion/i-know-that-what-has-been-done-is-wrong.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Welfare was an unacceptable option, he reasoned, because it would expose him and his family to ridicule and violate his [[Authoritarian personality\|authoritarian]] father's teachings regarding the care and protection of family members.<ref name="NYT19900407" />

	On April 12, 1990, List was convicted of five counts of [[first degree murder]].<ref name="LA Times" /> At his sentencing hearing, he denied direct responsibility for his actions: "I feel that because of my mental state at the time, I was unaccountable for what happened. I ask all affected by this for their forgiveness, understanding and prayer."<ref>{{cite news \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|title=Judge Sentences Family Killer to Life in Prison \|url=~~http~~://~~articles~~.latimes.com/1990-05-02~~/news/~~mn-~~174_1_life~~-~~sentences~~ \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|date=May 20, 1990 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=September 28, 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113316/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-02/news/mn-174_1_life-sentences \|url-status=live }}</ref> The judge was unpersuaded: "John Emil List is without remorse and without honor," he said. "After 18 years, five months and 22 days, it is now time for the voices of Helen, Alma, Patricia, Frederick and John F. List to rise from the grave." He imposed a sentence of five terms of [[life imprisonment]], to be served consecutively, the maximum permissible penalty at the time.<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news \|title=Killer of Family Gets 5 Life Terms : Court: Judge sentences accountant who murdered his mother, wife and children 18 years ago to the maximum sentence \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|date=May 11, 1990 \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-01-mn-423-story.html \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|access-date=July 18, 2021 \|archive-date=August 29, 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829032023/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-01/news/mn-423_1_maximum-sentence \|url-status=live }}</ref>		On April 12, 1990, List was convicted of five counts of [[first degree murder]].<ref name="LA Times" /> At his sentencing hearing, he denied direct responsibility for his actions: "I feel that because of my mental state at the time, I was unaccountable for what happened. I ask all affected by this for their forgiveness, understanding and prayer."<ref>{{cite news \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|title=Judge Sentences Family Killer to Life in Prison \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-02-mn-174-story.html \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|date=May 20, 1990 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=September 28, 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113316/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-02/news/mn-174_1_life-sentences \|url-status=live }}</ref> The judge was unpersuaded: "John Emil List is without remorse and without honor," he said. "After 18 years, five months and 22 days, it is now time for the voices of Helen, Alma, Patricia, Frederick and John F. List to rise from the grave." He imposed a sentence of five terms of [[life imprisonment]], to be served consecutively, the maximum permissible penalty at the time.<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news \|title=Killer of Family Gets 5 Life Terms : Court: Judge sentences accountant who murdered his mother, wife and children 18 years ago to the maximum sentence \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|date=May 11, 1990 \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-01-mn-423-story.html \|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] \|publisher=[[Tronc]] \|location=Los Angeles, California \|access-date=July 18, 2021 \|archive-date=August 29, 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829032023/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-01/news/mn-423_1_maximum-sentence \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	List filed an [[appeal]] of his convictions on grounds that his judgment had been impaired by [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] due to his military service. He also argued that the letter he left behind at the crime scene, essentially his confession, was a confidential communication to his pastor and therefore inadmissible as evidence. A federal appeals court rejected both arguments.<ref name="NYT_19830325">{{cite news \|first=D. \|last=Stout \|title=John E. List, 82, Killer of 5 Family Members, Dies \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=March 25, 2008 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=January 18, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118060436/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|url-status=live }}</ref>		List filed an [[appeal]] of his convictions on grounds that his judgment had been impaired by [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] due to his military service. He also argued that the letter he left behind at the crime scene, essentially his confession, was a confidential communication to his pastor and therefore inadmissible as evidence. A federal appeals court rejected both arguments.<ref name="NYT_19830325">{{cite news \|first=D. \|last=Stout \|title=John E. List, 82, Killer of 5 Family Members, Dies \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|location=New York City \|date=March 25, 2008 \|access-date=September 26, 2013 \|archive-date=January 18, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118060436/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/nyregion/25list1.html \|url-status=live }}</ref>

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	In 1972, List was proposed as a suspect in the [[D. B. Cooper]] [[air piracy]] case because of the timing of his disappearance (two weeks prior to the [[Aircraft hijacking\|airline hijacking]]), multiple matches to the hijacker's description, and the reasoning that "a fugitive accused of mass murder has nothing to lose."<ref name="nymagtimeline">{{cite news \|last=Coreno \|first=Catherine \|date=October 22, 2007 \|title=D.B. Cooper: A Timeline \|work=[[New York (magazine)\|New York]] \|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|access-date=January 10, 2008 \|archive-date=July 6, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706063155/http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=76–77}}</ref> List was questioned by FBI investigators after his capture, but he denied any involvement in the Cooper case. While his name is still occasionally mentioned in Cooper articles and documentaries, no direct evidence implicates him, and the FBI no longer considers him a suspect.<ref name="NYT20081228" />		In 1972, List was proposed as a suspect in the [[D. B. Cooper]] [[air piracy]] case because of the timing of his disappearance (two weeks prior to the [[Aircraft hijacking\|airline hijacking]]), multiple matches to the hijacker's description, and the reasoning that "a fugitive accused of mass murder has nothing to lose."<ref name="nymagtimeline">{{cite news \|last=Coreno \|first=Catherine \|date=October 22, 2007 \|title=D.B. Cooper: A Timeline \|work=[[New York (magazine)\|New York]] \|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|access-date=January 10, 2008 \|archive-date=July 6, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706063155/http://nymag.com/news/features/39617/ \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Benford\|Johnson\|1991\|pages=76–77}}</ref> List was questioned by FBI investigators after his capture, but he denied any involvement in the Cooper case. While his name is still occasionally mentioned in Cooper articles and documentaries, no direct evidence implicates him, and the FBI no longer considers him a suspect.<ref name="NYT20081228" />

	In May 1989, the ~~18-year-~~old crime was recounted on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company\|Fox]] television program ''[[America's Most Wanted]]'' during its first year on the air.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Notorious AMW Fugitive John List Dead at 82\|publisher=America's Most Wanted\|date=March 24, 2008\|url=http://www.amw.com/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130610/http://www.amw.com:80/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-date=February 22, 2012\|access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NYT_19830325" /> The segment featured an [[Age progression\|age-progressed]] clay [[Bust (sculpture)\|bust]], sculpted by [[forensic]] artist [[Frank Bender]], which turned out to bear a close resemblance to List's actual appearance.<ref>{{cite news\|first=Margalit\|last=Fox\|date=July 30, 2011\|title=Frank Bender, 'Recomposer' of Faces of the Dead, Dies at 70\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]\|access-date=September 29, 2013\|archive-date=December 20, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220032804/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|title=John List Bust Remembered as Sculptor Faces Death\|publisher=[[Livingly Media\|Zimbio]]\|first=JJ\|last=Duncan\|date=January 2, 2010\|access-date=March 21, 2016\|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021417/http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 1, less than two weeks after the broadcast, List was arrested at a [[Richmond, Virginia\|Richmond]] accounting firm after a Denver neighbor recognized the description and alerted authorities.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|title=FBI Richmond Division History \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|access-date=December 19, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116171738/http://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|archive-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|pages=396–399}}</ref> List continued to stand by his alias for several months, even after his 1989 [[extradition]] to [[Union County, New Jersey]]; finally, faced with irrefutable evidence – including a [[fingerprint]] match with List's military records, as well as evidence found at the crime scene – he confessed his true identity on February 16, 1990.<ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|page=452}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title='He Just Fit Right In' – And That's How He Hid If Not for a TV Show, John List's New Life Might Have Forever Remained a Secret\|url=http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]\|access-date=March 30, 2016\|archive-date=April 29, 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429104821/http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|first1=Stacey\|last1=Burling\|first2=Carol\|last2=Horner\|first3=Inga\|last3=Saffron\|date=June 11, 1989}}</ref>		In May 1989, the 17 years, 6 months, 23 days old crime was recounted on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company\|Fox]] television program ''[[America's Most Wanted]]'' during its first year on the air.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Notorious AMW Fugitive John List Dead at 82\|publisher=America's Most Wanted\|date=March 24, 2008\|url=http://www.amw.com/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130610/http://www.amw.com:80/features/feature_story_detail.cfm?id=2613\|archive-date=February 22, 2012\|access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NYT_19830325" /> The segment featured an [[Age progression\|age-progressed]] clay [[Bust (sculpture)\|bust]], sculpted by [[forensic]] artist [[Frank Bender]], which turned out to bear a close resemblance to List's actual appearance.<ref>{{cite news\|first=Margalit\|last=Fox\|date=July 30, 2011\|title=Frank Bender, 'Recomposer' of Faces of the Dead, Dies at 70\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]\|access-date=September 29, 2013\|archive-date=December 20, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220032804/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bender.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|title=John List Bust Remembered as Sculptor Faces Death\|publisher=[[Livingly Media\|Zimbio]]\|first=JJ\|last=Duncan\|date=January 2, 2010\|access-date=March 21, 2016\|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021417/http://www.zimbio.com/John+List/articles/3Loc2nHVk3l/John+List+Bust+Remembered+Sculptor+Faces+Death\|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 1, less than two weeks after the broadcast, List was arrested at a [[Richmond, Virginia\|Richmond]] accounting firm after a Denver neighbor recognized the description and alerted authorities.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|title=FBI Richmond Division History \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|access-date=December 19, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116171738/http://www.fbi.gov/richmond/about-us/history-1/history \|archive-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|pages=396–399}}</ref> List continued to stand by his alias for several months, even after his 1989 [[extradition]] to [[Union County, New Jersey]]; finally, faced with irrefutable evidence – including a [[fingerprint]] match with List's military records, as well as evidence found at the crime scene – he confessed his true identity on February 16, 1990.<ref>{{harvnb\|Ryzuk\|1990\|page=452}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title='He Just Fit Right In' – And That's How He Hid If Not for a TV Show, John List's New Life Might Have Forever Remained a Secret\|url=http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]\|access-date=March 30, 2016\|archive-date=April 29, 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429104821/http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-11/news/26109127_1_law-officers-robert-p-clark-police-career\|first1=Stacey\|last1=Burling\|first2=Carol\|last2=Horner\|first3=Inga\|last3=Saffron\|date=June 11, 1989}}</ref>

	At trial, List testified that his financial difficulties reached crisis level in 1971 when he was [[laid off]] with the closure of the Jersey City bank. To avoid sharing this humiliating development with his family, List engaged in the same routine and dress as when employed, leaving home each morning on schedule and spending the day at job interviews or at the Westfield train station, reading newspapers until it was time to come home. List diverted money from his mother's bank accounts to avoid default on his [[mortgage]].<ref name=leader>{{Cite news\|first=Kathy\|last=Halverson\|url=http://www.goleader.com/list/\|title=The List Murders Stun Westfield In 1971\|newspaper=The Westfield Leader\|location=Westfield, New Jersey\|date=February 17, 2001\|access-date=June 28, 2007\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321184241/http://www.goleader.com/list/\|archive-date=March 21, 2006}}</ref> As the year progressed, the family's financial problems became more strained; List encouraged his children to seek part-time work, ostensibly to teach them maturity and responsibility, but in actuality to help keep the family financially solvent.<ref name="NYT20081228" />		At trial, List testified that his financial difficulties reached crisis level in 1971 when he was [[laid off]] with the closure of the Jersey City bank. To avoid sharing this humiliating development with his family, List engaged in the same routine and dress as when employed, leaving home each morning on schedule and spending the day at job interviews or at the Westfield train station, reading newspapers until it was time to come home. List diverted money from his mother's bank accounts to avoid default on his [[mortgage]].<ref name=leader>{{Cite news\|first=Kathy\|last=Halverson\|url=http://www.goleader.com/list/\|title=The List Murders Stun Westfield In 1971\|newspaper=The Westfield Leader\|location=Westfield, New Jersey\|date=February 17, 2001\|access-date=June 28, 2007\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321184241/http://www.goleader.com/list/\|archive-date=March 21, 2006}}</ref> As the year progressed, the family's financial problems became more strained; List encouraged his children to seek part-time work, ostensibly to teach them maturity and responsibility, but in actuality to help keep the family financially solvent.<ref name="NYT20081228" />

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	The murders were not discovered until December 7, nearly a month later, partly because of the family's reclusive tendencies and partly because of notes List sent to the children's schools and part-time jobs claiming that the children would be visiting their ailing maternal grandmother in [[North Carolina]] for a few weeks. Helen's mother was in fact ill, and had canceled a visit to Westfield because of it; had she made the trip, List later said, she would have been his sixth victim.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405060854/http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=April 5, 2005\|title=John List, famous murderer – The Crime Library\|date=April 5, 2005\|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> List also stopped milk, mail, and [[newspaper]] deliveries.<ref name="NYT20081228" /> Neighbors noticed that all of the mansion's rooms were illuminated day and night, with no apparent activity within the house. After light bulbs began burning out one by one, they called the police. Officers entered through an unlocked window leading to the basement and discovered the family's bodies.<ref name="ramsland">{{cite web\|last=Ramsland\|first=Katherine\|title= John List\|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528043621/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html\|archive-date=May 28, 2008\|access-date=September 27, 2013\|publisher=[[TruTV]]}}</ref>		The murders were not discovered until December 7, nearly a month later, partly because of the family's reclusive tendencies and partly because of notes List sent to the children's schools and part-time jobs claiming that the children would be visiting their ailing maternal grandmother in [[North Carolina]] for a few weeks. Helen's mother was in fact ill, and had canceled a visit to Westfield because of it; had she made the trip, List later said, she would have been his sixth victim.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405060854/http://crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/family/list/3.html?sect=12\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=April 5, 2005\|title=John List, famous murderer – The Crime Library\|date=April 5, 2005\|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> List also stopped milk, mail, and [[newspaper]] deliveries.<ref name="NYT20081228" /> Neighbors noticed that all of the mansion's rooms were illuminated day and night, with no apparent activity within the house. After light bulbs began burning out one by one, they called the police. Officers entered through an unlocked window leading to the basement and discovered the family's bodies.<ref name="ramsland">{{cite web\|last=Ramsland\|first=Katherine\|title= John List\|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528043621/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/family/list/11.html\|archive-date=May 28, 2008\|access-date=September 27, 2013\|publisher=[[TruTV]]}}</ref>

	Westfield, which had few violent crimes recorded since 1963, received national attention as the site of one of the most notorious [[felonies]] in New Jersey since the kidnapping and murder of [[Lindbergh kidnapping\|Charles Lindbergh Jr]]. A nationwide [[Manhunt (law enforcement)\|manhunt]] was launched. Police investigated hundreds of leads without success.<ref>{{cite episode\|people=Palm, Matthew (Writer), Jacobson, Paul (Director)\|title=To Save Their Souls\|series=American Justice\|series-link=American Justice\|network=Entertainment Studios\|location=Los Angeles, California\|date=1992}}</ref> All reliable photographs of List had been destroyed. The family car (a green 1963 [[Chevrolet Impala]] sedan) was found parked at [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] in [[New York City]], but police found no evidence that List had boarded a flight.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Douthat \|first=Strat \|date=18 June 1989 \|title=The Fugitive : In 18 Years on the Run, Slaying ~~Suspect’s~~ Life Comes to Resemble His Old One \|work=Los Angeles Times \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-18-mn-3671-story.html}}</ref><ref name="NYT20081228" /> Alma's body was flown to [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]], and interred at the Saint Lorenz Lutheran Cemetery. Helen and her three children were buried at [[Fairview Cemetery (Westfield, New Jersey)\|Fairview Cemetery]] in Westfield.<ref name="ramsland" />		Westfield, which had few violent crimes recorded since 1963, received national attention as the site of one of the most notorious [[felonies]] in New Jersey since the kidnapping and murder of [[Lindbergh kidnapping\|Charles Lindbergh Jr]]. A nationwide [[Manhunt (law enforcement)\|manhunt]] was launched. Police investigated hundreds of leads without success.<ref>{{cite episode\|people=Palm, Matthew (Writer), Jacobson, Paul (Director)\|title=To Save Their Souls\|series=American Justice\|series-link=American Justice\|network=Entertainment Studios\|location=Los Angeles, California\|date=1992}}</ref> All reliable photographs of List had been destroyed. The family car (a green 1963 [[Chevrolet Impala]] sedan) was found parked at [[John F. Kennedy Airport]] in [[New York City]], but police found no evidence that List had boarded a flight.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Douthat \|first=Strat \|date=18 June 1989 \|title=The Fugitive : In 18 Years on the Run, Slaying Suspect's Life Comes to Resemble His Old One \|work=Los Angeles Times \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-18-mn-3671-story.html}}</ref><ref name="NYT20081228" /> Alma's body was flown to [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]], and interred at the Saint Lorenz Lutheran Cemetery. Helen and her three children were buried at [[Fairview Cemetery (Westfield, New Jersey)\|Fairview Cemetery]] in Westfield.<ref name="ramsland" />

	Breeze Knoll remained empty until it was destroyed by fire in August 1972, nine months after the murders. Although the destruction was officially ruled [[arson]], it remains unsolved with no suspects.<ref name="BN">{{cite web\|title=Breeze Knoll: The John List Murder House\| url=http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710132859/http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|access-date=December 29, 2015\|publisher=HouseCrazy}}</ref> Destroyed along with the home was the ballroom's [[stained glass]] skylight, rumored to be a signed [[Louis Comfort Tiffany\|Tiffany]] original, worth at least $100,000 at the time ({{Inflation\|US\|100000\|1972\|r=-4\|fmt=eq}}). A new house was built on the site in 1974.<ref name="BN" /><ref name="NYT_19830325" />		Breeze Knoll remained empty until it was destroyed by fire in August 1972, nine months after the murders. Although the destruction was officially ruled [[arson]], it remains unsolved with no suspects.<ref name="BN">{{cite web\|title=Breeze Knoll: The John List Murder House\| url=http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710132859/http://www.house-crazy.com/breeze-knoll-the-john-list-murder-house/ \|archive-date=July 10, 2017\|access-date=December 29, 2015\|publisher=HouseCrazy}}</ref> Destroyed along with the home was the ballroom's [[stained glass]] skylight, rumored to be a signed [[Louis Comfort Tiffany\|Tiffany]] original, worth at least $100,000 at the time ({{Inflation\|US\|100000\|1972\|r=-4\|fmt=eq}}). A new house was built on the site in 1974.<ref name="BN" /><ref name="NYT_19830325" />