Jacques Piccard - Revision history

Gildir: /* Ben Franklin mission */ Added convert templates

2024-07-26T00:27:04Z

Ben Franklin mission: Added convert templates

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:27, 26 July 2024
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	==''Ben Franklin'' mission==		==''Ben Franklin'' mission==
	On 14 July 1969, just two days before the [[Apollo 11]] launch, the ''[[Ben Franklin (PX-15)\|Ben Franklin]]'', also known as the Grumman/Piccard PX-15 mesoscaphe, was towed to the high-velocity center of the [[Gulf Stream]] off the coast of [[Palm Beach, Florida]]. Once on site, the ''Ben Franklin'' with its six-man, international crew descended to 1,000 ~~feet~~ off of Riviera Beach, Florida and drifted 1,444 ~~miles~~ north with the current for more than four weeks, surfacing near [[Maine]].<ref>Piccard 1971</ref>		On 14 July 1969, just two days before the [[Apollo 11]] launch, the ''[[Ben Franklin (PX-15)\|Ben Franklin]]'', also known as the Grumman/Piccard PX-15 mesoscaphe, was towed to the high-velocity center of the [[Gulf Stream]] off the coast of [[Palm Beach, Florida]]. Once on site, the ''Ben Franklin'' with its six-man, international crew descended to {{convert\|1,000\|ft}} off of Riviera Beach, Florida, and drifted {{convert\|1,444\|mi}} north with the current for more than four weeks, surfacing near [[Maine]].<ref>Piccard 1971</ref>

	[[File:Franklin crew.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Crew members of the ''Grumman/Piccard PX-15'' / ''Ben Franklin'']]		[[File:Franklin crew.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Crew members of the ''Grumman/Piccard PX-15'' / ''Ben Franklin'']]

	The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied [[underwater acoustics]] and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}		The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied [[underwater acoustics]] and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the ''Franklin'' mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}

	Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the 50-foot ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.		Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the {{convert\|50\|foot\|adj=on}} ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.

	==Influence and distinctions==		==Influence and distinctions==

Elly Gharibnavaz: /* Challenger Deep mission */

2024-06-30T10:32:42Z

Challenger Deep mission

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:32, 30 June 2024
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	Jacques's father, who had already set altitude records in his balloon, started using the buoyancy technique used in balloons for developing a [[submersible]] vehicle, the [[bathyscaphe]]. Jacques initially started out his career by teaching economics at University of Geneva while continuing to help his father improve the bathyscaphe to demonstrate its potential for operating in deep waters. During that period Piccard also completed a diploma at the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]] in Geneva.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Jacques Piccard {{!}} IHEID \|url=https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/node/61206 \|access-date=2023-12-24 \|website=www.graduateinstitute.ch}}</ref> Together, Piccard and his father built three bathyscaphes between 1948 and 1955, which reached record depths of 4,600 feet and 10,000 feet (the last one was bought by the government). With this success, the younger Piccard abandoned economics to collaborate with his father on further improving the bathyscaphe and demonstrating its practicality for exploration and research and then they collaborated.		Jacques's father, who had already set altitude records in his balloon, started using the buoyancy technique used in balloons for developing a [[submersible]] vehicle, the [[bathyscaphe]]. Jacques initially started out his career by teaching economics at University of Geneva while continuing to help his father improve the bathyscaphe to demonstrate its potential for operating in deep waters. During that period Piccard also completed a diploma at the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]] in Geneva.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Jacques Piccard {{!}} IHEID \|url=https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/node/61206 \|access-date=2023-12-24 \|website=www.graduateinstitute.ch}}</ref> Together, Piccard and his father built three bathyscaphes between 1948 and 1955, which reached record depths of 4,600 feet and 10,000 feet (the last one was bought by the government). With this success, the younger Piccard abandoned economics to collaborate with his father on further improving the bathyscaphe and demonstrating its practicality for exploration and research and then they collaborated.

	Jacques's son [[Bertrand Piccard]] is continuing his family traditions. He commanded the first non-stop balloon flight around the world in March 1999 and the first solar-powered plane flight around the world in December of 2009.		Jacques's son [[Bertrand Piccard]] is continuing his family traditions. He commanded the first non-stop balloon flight around the world in March 1999 and the first solar-powered plane flight around the world in December of 2009.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=swissinfo.ch \|first=S. W. I. \|date=2008-11-01 \|title=La mort de l'océanographe Jacques Piccard \|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/sci-&-tech/la-mort-de-l-oc%C3%A9anographe-jacques-piccard/7012946 \|access-date=2024-06-30 \|website=SWI swissinfo.ch \|language=fr-CH}}</ref>

	==Challenger Deep mission==		==Challenger Deep mission==

Elly Gharibnavaz: source

2024-06-30T10:30:57Z

source

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:30, 30 June 2024
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	==Family life==		==Family life==
	Jacques Piccard was born in [[Brussels]], Belgium, the son of [[Auguste Piccard]], who was himself an adventurer and engineer. Jacques' father Auguste twice beat the record for reaching the highest altitude in a balloon, during 1931–1932. The Piccard family thus had the unique distinction of breaking world records for both the highest flight and the deepest dive.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/jacques-piccard \|title=The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions \|publisher=Answers \|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref>		Jacques Piccard was born in [[Brussels]], Belgium, the son of [[Auguste Piccard]], who was himself an adventurer and engineer. Jacques' father Auguste twice beat the record for reaching the highest altitude in a balloon, during 1931–1932.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2008-11-01 \|title=Swiss explorer Jacques Piccard dies at 86 \|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20081101-swiss-explorer-jacques-piccard-dies-86-exploration \|access-date=2024-06-30 \|website=France 24 \|language=en}}</ref> The Piccard family thus had the unique distinction of breaking world records for both the highest flight and the deepest dive.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/jacques-piccard \|title=The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions \|publisher=Answers \|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref>
	* [[Jules Piccard]] (professor of chemistry)		* [[Jules Piccard]] (professor of chemistry)
	** [[Auguste Piccard]] (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)		** [[Auguste Piccard]] (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)
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	The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied [[underwater acoustics]] and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}		The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied [[underwater acoustics]] and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}

	Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the 50-foot ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.		Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the 50-foot ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.

Elly Gharibnavaz: sources

2024-06-30T10:27:48Z

sources

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:27, 30 June 2024
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	** [[Auguste Piccard]] (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)		** [[Auguste Piccard]] (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)
	*** Jacques Piccard (hydronaut)		*** Jacques Piccard (hydronaut)
	**** [[Bertrand Piccard]] (aeronaut, balloonist)		**** [[Bertrand Piccard]] (aeronaut, [[balloonist]])
	** [[Jean Piccard\|Jean Felix Piccard]] (organic chemist, aeronaut, and balloonist)		** [[Jean Piccard\|Jean Felix Piccard]] (organic chemist, aeronaut, and balloonist)
	** [[Jeannette Piccard]] (wife of Jean Felix) (aeronaut and balloonist)		** [[Jeannette Piccard]] (wife of Jean Felix) (aeronaut and balloonist)
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	Jacques sought financial help from the U.S. Navy, which at that time was exploring various ways of designing submarines for underwater research. Jacques was welcomed to the U.S. to demonstrate his bathyscaphe, now named the ''[[Bathyscaphe Trieste\|Trieste]]''. Impressed by his designs, the [[U.S. Navy]] bought the vessel and hired Piccard as a consultant. Recognizing the strategic value of a workable submersible for submarine salvage and rescue, the Navy began testing the ''Trieste'' for greater depths.		Jacques sought financial help from the U.S. Navy, which at that time was exploring various ways of designing submarines for underwater research. Jacques was welcomed to the U.S. to demonstrate his bathyscaphe, now named the ''[[Bathyscaphe Trieste\|Trieste]]''. Impressed by his designs, the [[U.S. Navy]] bought the vessel and hired Piccard as a consultant. Recognizing the strategic value of a workable submersible for submarine salvage and rescue, the Navy began testing the ''Trieste'' for greater depths.

	With his ''Trieste'' able to reach depths of 24,000 feet, Piccard and his colleagues planned an even greater challenge:—a voyage to the bottom of the sea. On 23 January 1960, Piccard and Lt. [[Don Walsh]] reached the floor of the [[Mariana Trench]] located in the western North Pacific Ocean. The depth of the descent was measured at 10,916 meters (35,813 feet); later, more accurate, measurements during 1995 found the Mariana Trench to be slightly less deep at 10,911 m (35,797 ft). The descent took four hours. The bathyscaphe carried no scientific equipment and no experiments were conducted; the mission's purpose was to prove that the depth could be reached. The descent progressed without incident until 30,000 feet, when the crew heard a loud crack. They continued the dive, however, finally touching down in "snuff-colored ooze" at 35,800 feet.		With his ''Trieste'' able to reach depths of 24,000 feet, Piccard and his colleagues planned an even greater challenge:—a voyage to the bottom of the sea. On 23 January 1960, Piccard and Lt. [[Don Walsh]] reached the floor of the [[Mariana Trench]] located in the western North Pacific Ocean. The depth of the descent was measured at 10,916 meters (35,813 feet); later, more accurate, measurements during 1995 found the Mariana Trench to be slightly less deep at 10,911 m (35,797 ft). The descent took four hours. The bathyscaphe carried no scientific equipment and no experiments were conducted; the mission's purpose was to prove that the depth could be reached. The descent progressed without incident until 30,000 feet, when the crew heard a loud crack. They continued the dive, however, finally touching down in "snuff-colored ooze" at 35,800 feet.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Goudet \|first=Jean-Luc \|title=Il y a 50 ans, Jacques Piccard au plus profond du monde \|url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/actualites/oceanographie-il-y-50-ans-jacques-piccard-plus-profond-monde-22335/ \|access-date=2024-06-30 \|website=Futura \|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2020-01-23 \|title=Il y a 60 ans, Jacques Piccard établissait son record de profondeur \|url=https://www.rts.ch/info/sciences-tech/technologies/11037600-il-y-a-60-ans-jacques-piccard-etablissait-son-record-de-profondeur.html \|access-date=2024-06-30 \|website=rts.ch \|language=fr}}</ref>

	When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.		When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.

GreenC bot: Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#google.com/patents

2024-06-09T17:06:18Z

Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#google.com/patents

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:06, 9 June 2024
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	\| location = Lausanne, Switzerland		\| location = Lausanne, Switzerland
	\| access-date = 1 November 2008		\| access-date = 1 November 2008
			\| url = https://patents.google.com/patent/USD200506
	\| url = http://www.google.com/patents?id=zw1zAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=J-Piccard&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA1,M1
	\| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130124182715/http://www.google.com/patents?id=zw1zAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=J-Piccard&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1%23PPA1,M1
	\| url-status = dead
	\| archive-date = 24 January 2013
	}}		}}
	* [[Auguste Piccard (PX-8)\|Mésoscaphe ''Auguste Piccard'']], the world's first passenger submarine, built for the 1964 Swiss national exhibition		* [[Auguste Piccard (PX-8)\|Mésoscaphe ''Auguste Piccard'']], the world's first passenger submarine, built for the 1964 Swiss national exhibition

GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#google.com/patents

2024-06-08T16:52:21Z

Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#google.com/patents

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:52, 8 June 2024
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	\| access-date = 1 November 2008		\| access-date = 1 November 2008
	\| url = http://www.google.com/patents?id=zw1zAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=J-Piccard&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA1,M1		\| url = http://www.google.com/patents?id=zw1zAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=J-Piccard&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA1,M1
			\| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130124182715/http://www.google.com/patents?id=zw1zAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=J-Piccard&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1%23PPA1,M1
			\| url-status = dead
			\| archive-date = 24 January 2013
	}}		}}
	* [[Auguste Piccard (PX-8)\|Mésoscaphe ''Auguste Piccard'']], the world's first passenger submarine, built for the 1964 Swiss national exhibition		* [[Auguste Piccard (PX-8)\|Mésoscaphe ''Auguste Piccard'']], the world's first passenger submarine, built for the 1964 Swiss national exhibition

Robinsonodora: /* Family life */

2023-12-24T08:02:15Z

Family life

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:02, 24 December 2023
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	*** [[Don Piccard]] (balloonist)		*** [[Don Piccard]] (balloonist)

	Jacques's father, who had already set altitude records in his balloon, started using the buoyancy technique used in balloons for developing a [[submersible]] vehicle, the [[bathyscaphe]]. Jacques initially started out his career by teaching economics at University of Geneva while continuing to help his father improve the bathyscaphe to demonstrate its potential for operating in deep waters. During that period Piccard also completed a diploma at the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]] in Geneva. Together, Piccard and his father built three bathyscaphes between 1948 and 1955, which reached record depths of 4,600 feet and 10,000 feet (the last one was bought by the government). With this success, the younger Piccard abandoned economics to collaborate with his father on further improving the bathyscaphe and demonstrating its practicality for exploration and research and then they collaborated.		Jacques's father, who had already set altitude records in his balloon, started using the buoyancy technique used in balloons for developing a [[submersible]] vehicle, the [[bathyscaphe]]. Jacques initially started out his career by teaching economics at University of Geneva while continuing to help his father improve the bathyscaphe to demonstrate its potential for operating in deep waters. During that period Piccard also completed a diploma at the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]] in Geneva.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Jacques Piccard {{!}} IHEID \|url=https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/node/61206 \|access-date=2023-12-24 \|website=www.graduateinstitute.ch}}</ref> Together, Piccard and his father built three bathyscaphes between 1948 and 1955, which reached record depths of 4,600 feet and 10,000 feet (the last one was bought by the government). With this success, the younger Piccard abandoned economics to collaborate with his father on further improving the bathyscaphe and demonstrating its practicality for exploration and research and then they collaborated.

	Jacques's son [[Bertrand Piccard]] is continuing his family traditions. He commanded the first non-stop balloon flight around the world in March 1999 and the first solar-powered plane flight around the world in December of 2009.		Jacques's son [[Bertrand Piccard]] is continuing his family traditions. He commanded the first non-stop balloon flight around the world in March 1999 and the first solar-powered plane flight around the world in December of 2009.

Kku: kku bot link underwater acoustics

2023-11-20T13:31:08Z

kku bot link underwater acoustics

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:31, 20 November 2023
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	[[File:Franklin crew.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Crew members of the ''Grumman/Piccard PX-15'' / ''Ben Franklin'']]		[[File:Franklin crew.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Crew members of the ''Grumman/Piccard PX-15'' / ''Ben Franklin'']]

	The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied underwater acoustics and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}		The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied [[underwater acoustics]] and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}
	Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the 50-foot ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.		Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the 50-foot ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.

Yeti-Hunter: /* Challenger Deep mission */ added link to Robert S. Dietz

2023-11-18T19:41:35Z

Challenger Deep mission: added link to Robert S. Dietz

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:41, 18 November 2023
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	When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.		When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.

	The historic dive received worldwide attention, and Piccard wrote an account of it, ''Seven Miles Down'', with Robert ~~Deitz~~, a renowned geologist who had helped plan the mission. A planned return expedition, however, never occurred. The ''Trieste'' was expensive to maintain and operate. It was incapable of collecting samples and could not take photographs and so had little scientific data to show for its voyages.		The historic dive received worldwide attention, and Piccard wrote an account of it, ''Seven Miles Down'', with [[Robert S. Dietz]], a renowned geologist who had helped plan the mission. A planned return expedition, however, never occurred. The ''Trieste'' was expensive to maintain and operate. It was incapable of collecting samples and could not take photographs and so had little scientific data to show for its voyages.

	[[File:ben franklin icon.gif\|thumb\|right\|Grumman/Piccard PX-15 / Ben Franklin]]		[[File:ben franklin icon.gif\|thumb\|right\|Grumman/Piccard PX-15 / Ben Franklin]]

Dirkbb: Reverted 1 edit by 219.92.247.25 (talk) to last revision by Editchecker123

2023-10-31T21:08:14Z

Reverted 1 edit by 219.92.247.25 (talk) to last revision by Editchecker123

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:08, 31 October 2023
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	{{Short description\|Swiss oceanographer (1922–2008)}}		{{Short description\|Swiss oceanographer and engineer (1922–2008)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2021}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=November 2008}}		{{More citations needed\|date=November 2008}}
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	Jacques sought financial help from the U.S. Navy, which at that time was exploring various ways of designing submarines for underwater research. Jacques was welcomed to the U.S. to demonstrate his bathyscaphe, now named the ''[[Bathyscaphe Trieste\|Trieste]]''. Impressed by his designs, the [[U.S. Navy]] bought the vessel and hired Piccard as a consultant. Recognizing the strategic value of a workable submersible for submarine salvage and rescue, the Navy began testing the ''Trieste'' for greater depths.		Jacques sought financial help from the U.S. Navy, which at that time was exploring various ways of designing submarines for underwater research. Jacques was welcomed to the U.S. to demonstrate his bathyscaphe, now named the ''[[Bathyscaphe Trieste\|Trieste]]''. Impressed by his designs, the [[U.S. Navy]] bought the vessel and hired Piccard as a consultant. Recognizing the strategic value of a workable submersible for submarine salvage and rescue, the Navy began testing the ''Trieste'' for greater depths.

	With his ''~~Dad~~'' able to reach depths of 24,000 feet, Piccard and his colleagues planned an even greater challenge:—a voyage to the bottom of the sea. On 23 January 1960, Piccard and Lt. [[Don Walsh]] reached the floor of the [[Mariana Trench]] located in the western North Pacific Ocean. The depth of the descent was measured at 10,916 meters (35,813 feet); later, more accurate, measurements during 1995 found the Mariana Trench to be slightly less deep at 10,911 m (35,797 ft). The descent took four hours. The bathyscaphe carried no scientific equipment and no experiments were conducted; the mission's purpose was to prove that the depth could be reached. The descent progressed without incident until 30,000 feet, when the crew heard a loud crack. They continued the dive, however, finally touching down in "snuff-colored ooze" at 35,800 feet.		With his ''Trieste'' able to reach depths of 24,000 feet, Piccard and his colleagues planned an even greater challenge:—a voyage to the bottom of the sea. On 23 January 1960, Piccard and Lt. [[Don Walsh]] reached the floor of the [[Mariana Trench]] located in the western North Pacific Ocean. The depth of the descent was measured at 10,916 meters (35,813 feet); later, more accurate, measurements during 1995 found the Mariana Trench to be slightly less deep at 10,911 m (35,797 ft). The descent took four hours. The bathyscaphe carried no scientific equipment and no experiments were conducted; the mission's purpose was to prove that the depth could be reached. The descent progressed without incident until 30,000 feet, when the crew heard a loud crack. They continued the dive, however, finally touching down in "snuff-colored ooze" at 35,800 feet.

	When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.		When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:31, 20 November 2023
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	[[File:Franklin crew.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Crew members of the ''Grumman/Piccard PX-15'' / ''Ben Franklin'']]		[[File:Franklin crew.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Crew members of the ''Grumman/Piccard PX-15'' / ''Ben Franklin'']]

	The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied underwater acoustics and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}		The crew consisted of Jacques Piccard as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction. [[Grumman]] selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the [[Continental Shelf]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied [[underwater acoustics]] and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from [[NASA]]. His specialty was "man working in space". [[Wernher von Braun]] learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming [[Skylab]]. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew.<ref name="livingandworking">Benson, Charles Dunlap and William David Compton. ''[https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab]''. NASA publication SP-4208.</ref>{{rp\|139–140}}
	Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the 50-foot ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.		Named for the [[Benjamin Franklin\|American patriot and inventor]] who was one of the first to chart the [[Gulf Stream]], the 50-foot ''Ben Franklin'' was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the [[Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation]]. It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:08, 31 October 2023
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	{{Short description\|Swiss oceanographer (1922–2008)}}		{{Short description\|Swiss oceanographer and engineer (1922–2008)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2021}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=November 2008}}		{{More citations needed\|date=November 2008}}
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	Jacques sought financial help from the U.S. Navy, which at that time was exploring various ways of designing submarines for underwater research. Jacques was welcomed to the U.S. to demonstrate his bathyscaphe, now named the ''[[Bathyscaphe Trieste\|Trieste]]''. Impressed by his designs, the [[U.S. Navy]] bought the vessel and hired Piccard as a consultant. Recognizing the strategic value of a workable submersible for submarine salvage and rescue, the Navy began testing the ''Trieste'' for greater depths.		Jacques sought financial help from the U.S. Navy, which at that time was exploring various ways of designing submarines for underwater research. Jacques was welcomed to the U.S. to demonstrate his bathyscaphe, now named the ''[[Bathyscaphe Trieste\|Trieste]]''. Impressed by his designs, the [[U.S. Navy]] bought the vessel and hired Piccard as a consultant. Recognizing the strategic value of a workable submersible for submarine salvage and rescue, the Navy began testing the ''Trieste'' for greater depths.

	With his ''~~Dad~~'' able to reach depths of 24,000 feet, Piccard and his colleagues planned an even greater challenge:—a voyage to the bottom of the sea. On 23 January 1960, Piccard and Lt. [[Don Walsh]] reached the floor of the [[Mariana Trench]] located in the western North Pacific Ocean. The depth of the descent was measured at 10,916 meters (35,813 feet); later, more accurate, measurements during 1995 found the Mariana Trench to be slightly less deep at 10,911 m (35,797 ft). The descent took four hours. The bathyscaphe carried no scientific equipment and no experiments were conducted; the mission's purpose was to prove that the depth could be reached. The descent progressed without incident until 30,000 feet, when the crew heard a loud crack. They continued the dive, however, finally touching down in "snuff-colored ooze" at 35,800 feet.		With his ''Trieste'' able to reach depths of 24,000 feet, Piccard and his colleagues planned an even greater challenge:—a voyage to the bottom of the sea. On 23 January 1960, Piccard and Lt. [[Don Walsh]] reached the floor of the [[Mariana Trench]] located in the western North Pacific Ocean. The depth of the descent was measured at 10,916 meters (35,813 feet); later, more accurate, measurements during 1995 found the Mariana Trench to be slightly less deep at 10,911 m (35,797 ft). The descent took four hours. The bathyscaphe carried no scientific equipment and no experiments were conducted; the mission's purpose was to prove that the depth could be reached. The descent progressed without incident until 30,000 feet, when the crew heard a loud crack. They continued the dive, however, finally touching down in "snuff-colored ooze" at 35,800 feet.

	When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.		When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 [[Pounds per square inch\|psi]] pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes.