ArDM - Revision history

ConstantlyConfused: Added additional information to a source

2024-09-29T02:46:49Z

Added additional information to a source

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:46, 29 September 2024
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	In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].		In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].

	The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf ~~{{Bare~~ ~~URL~~ ~~PDF~~\|date=August 2024}}</ref>		The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=ArDM (LSC EXP-08) status report and shutdown plan \|url=https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf \|access-date=29 September 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828041003/https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf \|archive-date=28 August 2024 \|date=3 June 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref>

	ArDM did not find signals of dark matter particles.		ArDM did not find signals of dark matter particles.

Qwerfjkl: Added 1 {{Bare URL PDF}} tag(s) using a script. For other recently-tagged pages with bare URLs, see :Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024 and :Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations

2024-08-20T12:38:55Z

Added 1 {{Bare URL PDF}} tag(s) using a script. For other recently-tagged pages with bare URLs, see Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024 and Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:38, 20 August 2024
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	In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].		In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].

	The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf</ref>		The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf {{Bare URL PDF\|date=August 2024}}</ref>

	ArDM did not find signals of dark matter particles.		ArDM did not find signals of dark matter particles.

A bit iffy: + short description

2024-01-04T21:22:07Z

+ short description

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:22, 4 January 2024
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			{{short description\|Physics experiment to detect dark matter}}
	The '''ArDM''' ('''Argon Dark Matter''') Experiment was a [[particle physics]] experiment based on a liquid [[argon]] detector, aiming at measuring signals from [[Weakly interacting massive particles\|WIMP]]s (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), which may constitute the [[Dark Matter]] in the universe. [[Elastic scattering]] of WIMPs from argon nuclei is measurable by observing free electrons from [[ionization]] and photons from [[scintillation (physics)\|scintillation]], which are produced by the recoiling nucleus interacting with neighbouring atoms. The ionization and scintillation signals can be measured with dedicated readout techniques, which constituted a fundamental part of the detector.		The '''ArDM''' ('''Argon Dark Matter''') Experiment was a [[particle physics]] experiment based on a liquid [[argon]] detector, aiming at measuring signals from [[Weakly interacting massive particles\|WIMP]]s (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), which may constitute the [[Dark Matter]] in the universe. [[Elastic scattering]] of WIMPs from argon nuclei is measurable by observing free electrons from [[ionization]] and photons from [[scintillation (physics)\|scintillation]], which are produced by the recoiling nucleus interacting with neighbouring atoms. The ionization and scintillation signals can be measured with dedicated readout techniques, which constituted a fundamental part of the detector.

El Roih at 00:28, 8 January 2023

2023-01-08T00:28:57Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:28, 8 January 2023
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	The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf</ref>		The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf</ref>

			ArDM did not find signals of dark matter particles.

	== Detecting WIMPs with argon ==		== Detecting WIMPs with argon ==

El Roih: /* Future Directions */

2023-01-08T00:28:02Z

Future Directions

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:28, 8 January 2023
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	== Future Directions ==		== Future Directions ==
	[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]		[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]
	Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program" is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the [[electroluminescence]] created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>		Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program", of which ArDM was a member, is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the [[electroluminescence]] created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

El Roih at 00:18, 8 January 2023

2023-01-08T00:18:42Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:18, 8 January 2023
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	In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].		In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].

	The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT, at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf</ref>		The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT (part of the DarkSide program), at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf</ref>

	== Detecting WIMPs with argon ==		== Detecting WIMPs with argon ==

El Roih: major update the experiment has ended

2023-01-08T00:08:45Z

major update the experiment has ended

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:08, 8 January 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The '''ArDM''' ('''Argon Dark Matter''') Experiment is a [[particle physics]] experiment based on a liquid [[argon]] detector, aiming at measuring signals from [[Weakly interacting massive particles\|WIMP]]s (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), which ~~probably~~ constitute the [[Dark Matter]] in the universe. [[Elastic scattering]] of WIMPs from argon nuclei is measurable by observing free electrons from [[ionization]] and photons from [[scintillation (physics)\|scintillation]], which are produced by the recoiling nucleus interacting with neighbouring atoms. The ionization and scintillation signals can be measured with dedicated readout techniques, which ~~constitute~~ a fundamental part of the detector.		The '''ArDM''' ('''Argon Dark Matter''') Experiment was a [[particle physics]] experiment based on a liquid [[argon]] detector, aiming at measuring signals from [[Weakly interacting massive particles\|WIMP]]s (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), which may constitute the [[Dark Matter]] in the universe. [[Elastic scattering]] of WIMPs from argon nuclei is measurable by observing free electrons from [[ionization]] and photons from [[scintillation (physics)\|scintillation]], which are produced by the recoiling nucleus interacting with neighbouring atoms. The ionization and scintillation signals can be measured with dedicated readout techniques, which constituted a fundamental part of the detector.

	In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon is used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector ~~requires~~ a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].		In order to get a high enough target mass the noble gas argon was used in the liquid phase as target material. Since the boiling point of argon is at 87 K at normal pressure, the operation of the detector required a [[cryogenics\|cryogenic system]].

			The ArDM experiment ended in 2019 when data taking was stopped and the experiment's apparatus decommissioned. The ArDM experiment's apparatus was then reused for another physics experiment, DArT, at [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]].<ref>https://lsc-canfranc.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1906_ArDM_May2019_LSC_statusreport.pdf</ref>
	==Experimental goals==
⚫	The ArDM detector ~~aims~~ at directly detecting signals from WIMPs via elastic scattering from argon nuclei. During the scattering, a certain recoil energy - typically lying between 1 keV and 100 keV - is transferred from the WIMP to the argon nucleus.

			== Detecting WIMPs with argon ==
⚫	It is not known how frequently a signal from WIMP-argon interaction can be expected. This rate depends on ~~the underlying model describing~~ the properties of the WIMP. One of the most popular candidates for a WIMP is the [[Lightest Supersymmetric Particle]] (LSP) or neutralino from [[supersymmetry\|supersymmetric theories]]. Its [[cross section (physics)\|cross section]] with nucleons presumably lies between 10<sup>−12</sup> [[barn (unit)\|pb]] and 10<sup>−6</sup> pb, making WIMP-nucleon interactions a rare event. The total event rate can be increased by optimizing the target properties, such as increasing the target mass. The ArDM detector is planned to contain approximately one ton of liquid argon. This target mass ~~corresponds~~ to an event rate of approximately 100 events per day at a cross section of 10<sup>−6</sup> pb or 0.01 events per day at 10<sup>−10</sup> pb.
		⚫	The ArDM detector aimed at directly detecting signals from WIMPs via elastic scattering from argon nuclei. During the scattering, a certain recoil energy - typically lying between 1 keV and 100 keV - is supposedly transferred from the WIMP to the argon nucleus.

		⚫	It is not known how frequently a signal from WIMP-argon interaction can be expected (if at all). This rate depends on the properties of the WIMP. One of the most popular candidates for a WIMP is the [[Lightest Supersymmetric Particle]] (LSP) or neutralino from [[supersymmetry\|supersymmetric theories]]. Its [[cross section (physics)\|cross section]] with nucleons presumably lies between 10<sup>−12</sup> [[barn (unit)\|pb]] and 10<sup>−6</sup> pb, making WIMP-nucleon interactions a rare event. The total event rate can be increased by optimizing the target properties, such as increasing the target mass. The ArDM detector was planned to contain approximately one ton of liquid argon. This target mass corresponded to an event rate of approximately 100 events per day at a cross section of 10<sup>−6</sup> pb or 0.01 events per day at 10<sup>−10</sup> pb.
⚫	Small event rates require a powerful background rejection. An important background comes from the presence of the unstable <sup>39</sup>Ar isotope in natural argon liquefied from the atmosphere. <sup>39</sup>Ar undergoes [[beta decay]] with a halflife of 269 years and an endpoint of the beta spectrum at 565 keV. The ratio of ionization over scintillation from electron and gamma interactions is different than WIMP scattering ~~produces~~. The <sup>39</sup>Ar background is therefore well distinguishable, with a precise determination of the ionization/scintillation ratio. As an alternative, the use of depleted argon from underground wells is ~~being~~ considered.

		⚫	Small event rates require a powerful background rejection. An important background for argon based detectors comes from the presence of the unstable <sup>39</sup>Ar isotope in natural argon liquefied from the atmosphere. <sup>39</sup>Ar undergoes [[beta decay]] with a halflife of 269 years and an endpoint of the beta spectrum at 565 keV. The ratio of ionization over scintillation from electron and gamma interactions is different than WIMP scattering should produce. The <sup>39</sup>Ar background is therefore well distinguishable, with a precise determination of the ionization/scintillation ratio. As an alternative, the use of depleted argon from underground wells has been considered.
⚫	Neutrons emitted by detector components and by materials surrounding the detector interact with argon in the same way as WIMPs. The neutron background is therefore nearly indistinguishable and has to be reduced as well as possible, as for example by carefully choosing the detector materials. Furthermore, an estimation or measurement of the remaining neutron flux is necessary.

		⚫	Neutrons emitted by detector components and by materials surrounding the detector interact with argon in the same way as the putative WIMPs. The neutron background is therefore nearly indistinguishable and has to be reduced as well as possible, as for example by carefully choosing the detector materials. Furthermore, an estimation or measurement of the remaining neutron flux is necessary.
⚫	The detector ~~is planned to be~~ run underground in order to avoid backgrounds induced by [[cosmic rays]].

		⚫	The detector was run underground in order to avoid backgrounds induced by [[cosmic rays]].
	==Construction status==
⚫	The ArDM detector was assembled and tested at [[CERN]] in 2006. Above ground studies of the equipment and detector performance were performed before it was moved underground in 2012 in the [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]] in Spain. It ~~was filled with~~ was commissioned and tested at room temperature.<ref>{{Cite journal\|title = ArDM: first results from underground commissioning\|date = 2013\|journal = JINST \|volume=8 \|issue = 9\|pages=C09005\|doi = 10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/C09005\|arxiv = 1309.3992 \|bibcode = 2013JInst...8C9005B \|last1 = Badertscher\|first1 = A.\|last2 = Bay\|first2 = F.\|last3 = Bourgeois\|first3 = N.\|last4 = Cantini\|first4 = C.\|last5 = Curioni\|first5 = A.\|last6 = Daniel\|first6 = M.\|last7 = Degunda\|first7 = U.\|last8 = Luise\|first8 = S Di\|last9 = Epprecht\|first9 = L.\|last10 = Gendotti\|first10 = A.\|last11 = Horikawa\|first11 = S.\|last12 = Knecht\|first12 = L.\|last13 = Lussi\|first13 = D.\|last14 = Maire\|first14 = G.\|last15 = Montes\|first15 = B.\|last16 = Murphy\|first16 = S.\|last17 = Natterer\|first17 = G.\|last18 = Nikolics\|first18 = K.\|last19 = Nguyen\|first19 = K.\|last20 = Periale\|first20 = L.\|last21 = Ravat\|first21 = S.\|last22 = Resnati\|first22 = F.\|last23 = Romero\|first23 = L.\|last24 = Rubbia\|first24 = A.\|last25 = Santorelli\|first25 = R.\|last26 = Sergiampietri\|first26 = F.\|last27 = Sgalaberna\|first27 = D.\|last28 = Viant\|first28 = T.\|last29 = Wu\|first29 = S.\|s2cid = 118684007}}</ref> During the April 2013 run underground, the light yield was improved compared to surface conditions.

			== History ==
	Future cold argon gas runs are planned as well as continued detector development. Liquid argon results are planned for 2014.
		⚫	The ArDM detector was assembled and tested at [[CERN]] in 2006. Above ground studies of the equipment and detector performance were performed before it was moved underground in 2012 in the [[Canfranc Underground Laboratory]] in Spain. It was commissioned and tested at room temperature.<ref>{{Cite journal\|title = ArDM: first results from underground commissioning\|date = 2013\|journal = JINST \|volume=8 \|issue = 9\|pages=C09005\|doi = 10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/C09005\|arxiv = 1309.3992 \|bibcode = 2013JInst...8C9005B \|last1 = Badertscher\|first1 = A.\|last2 = Bay\|first2 = F.\|last3 = Bourgeois\|first3 = N.\|last4 = Cantini\|first4 = C.\|last5 = Curioni\|first5 = A.\|last6 = Daniel\|first6 = M.\|last7 = Degunda\|first7 = U.\|last8 = Luise\|first8 = S Di\|last9 = Epprecht\|first9 = L.\|last10 = Gendotti\|first10 = A.\|last11 = Horikawa\|first11 = S.\|last12 = Knecht\|first12 = L.\|last13 = Lussi\|first13 = D.\|last14 = Maire\|first14 = G.\|last15 = Montes\|first15 = B.\|last16 = Murphy\|first16 = S.\|last17 = Natterer\|first17 = G.\|last18 = Nikolics\|first18 = K.\|last19 = Nguyen\|first19 = K.\|last20 = Periale\|first20 = L.\|last21 = Ravat\|first21 = S.\|last22 = Resnati\|first22 = F.\|last23 = Romero\|first23 = L.\|last24 = Rubbia\|first24 = A.\|last25 = Santorelli\|first25 = R.\|last26 = Sergiampietri\|first26 = F.\|last27 = Sgalaberna\|first27 = D.\|last28 = Viant\|first28 = T.\|last29 = Wu\|first29 = S.\|s2cid = 118684007}}</ref> During the April 2013 run underground, the light yield was improved compared to surface conditions. Cold argon gas runs were planned as well as continued detector development. Liquid argon results were planned for 2014.

	Beyond the one-ton version, the detector size can be increased without fundamentally changing its technology. A ten-ton liquid argon detector is a ~~thinkable~~ expansion possibility for ArDM. ~~Current experiments~~ for Dark Matter detection at a mass scale of 1 kg to 100 kg with negative results ~~demonstrate~~ the necessity of ton-scale experiments.		Beyond the one-ton version, the detector size can be increased without fundamentally changing its technology. A ten-ton liquid argon detector was considerex as an expansion possibility for ArDM. Experiments for Dark Matter detection at a mass scale of 1 kg to 100 kg with negative results demonstrated the necessity of ton-scale experiments.

	== ~~Results and~~ Future Directions ==		== Future Directions ==
	[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]		[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]
	Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program" is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the [[electroluminescence]] created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>		Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program" is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the [[electroluminescence]] created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>

CaptainAngus: Restored link

2022-10-14T02:06:11Z

Restored link

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:06, 14 October 2022
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	== Results and Future Directions ==		== Results and Future Directions ==
	[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]		[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]
	Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program" is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the electroluminescence created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>		Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program" is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the [[electroluminescence]] created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

CaptainAngus: /* Results and Future Directions */ Fixed misspelling(s) found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss

2022-10-14T02:02:50Z

Results and Future Directions: Fixed misspelling(s) found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:02, 14 October 2022
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	== Results and Future Directions ==		== Results and Future Directions ==
	[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]		[[File:Dark Side-50 Detector (DS-50).png\|thumb\|Design of DarkSide-50 liquid argon dewar containing the two-phase TPC.]]
	Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program" is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the ~~[[Electroluminescence\|electrolumnescence]]~~ created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>		Despite studying inherently 'dark' matter, the future seems bright for dark matter detector development. The "Dark Side Program" is a consortium that has conducted and continues to develop new experiments based on condensed atmospheric argon (LAr), instead of xenon, liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Rossi\|first1=B.\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Alexander\|first3=T.\|last4=Alton\|first4=A.\|last5=Arisaka\|first5=K.\|last6=Back\|first6=H. O.\|last7=Baldin\|first7=B.\|last8=Biery\|first8=K.\|last9=Bonfini\|first9=G.\|date=2016-07-01\|title=The DarkSide Program\|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences\|bibcode=2016EPJWC.12106010R\|volume=121\|pages=06010\|doi=10.1051/epjconf/201612106010\|doi-access=free}}</ref> One recent Dark Side apparatus, the Dark Side-50 (DS-50), employs a method known as "two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs)," which allows for three-dimensional determination of collision event positions created by the electroluminescence created by argon collisions with dark matter particles.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://darkside.lngs.infn.it/ds-50/\|title=DarkSide-50 detector\|website=darkside.lngs.infn.it\|language=en-US\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref> The Dark Side program released its first results on its findings in 2015, so far being the most sensitive results for argon-based dark matter detection.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=The DarkSide Collaboration\|last2=Agnes\|first2=P.\|last3=Agostino\|first3=L.\|last4=Albuquerque\|first4=I. F. M.\|last5=Alexander\|first5=T.\|last6=Alton\|first6=A. K.\|last7=Arisaka\|first7=K.\|last8=Back\|first8=H. O.\|last9=Baldin\|first9=B.\|date=2016-04-08\|title=Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search\|journal=Physical Review D\|volume=93\|issue=8\|pages=081101\|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.081101\|issn=2470-0010\|bibcode = 2016PhRvD..93h1101A \|arxiv=1510.00702\|s2cid=118655583}}</ref> LAr-based methods used for future apparatuses present an alternative to xenon-based detectors and could potentially lead to new, more sensitive multi-ton detectors in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://grandilab.uchicago.edu/\|title=grandilab.uchicago: dark matter search with noble liquid technology\|last=Grandi\|first=Luca\|website=grandilab.uchicago.edu\|language=en\|access-date=2017-06-02}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

Chongkian: /* References */ got references already

2021-05-24T08:58:32Z

References: got references already

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:58, 24 May 2021
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	==References==		==References==
	{{~~Reflist~~}}		{{reflist}}
	{{Empty section\|date=July 2010}}

	== External links ==		== External links ==