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Schuman Declaration

2012-10-20T08:50:08Z

Pap3rinik: Undid revision 518121602 by 85.170.83.211 (talk): rollback of trans-wiki spam

{{Refimprove|date=October 2007}}
[[File:Schuman Declaration.ogg|thumb|thumbtime=9|280px|Short video clip of the speech]]
{{EU history}}
The '''Schuman Declaration''' of 9 May 1950 was a governmental proposal by then-[[Foreign Minister of France|French Foreign Minister]] [[Robert Schuman]] to create a new form of organization of States in Europe called a [[supranational]] Community. Following the experiences of two world wars, France recognized that certain values such as justice could not be defined by the State apparatus alone. It involved far more than a technical Community to place the [[coal]] and [[steel]] industries of [[France]], [[West Germany]] and other countries under a common [[High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community|High Authority]]. It led to the peaceful re-organization of post- [[World War]] western Europe. The proposal led first to the creation of the [[European Coal and Steel Community]] (ECSC). It was also the forerunner of several other European Communities and also what is now the [[European Union]] (EU). The event is celebrated annually as [[Europe Day]] and Schuman himself is considered one of the [[Founding fathers of the European Union]].

==Background==
Europe had just come out of the [[Second World War]], a conflict that had nearly destroyed the continent and split it between two spheres of influence. In a desire not to repeat such destruction, there was a great deal of momentum towards European co-operation. [[Winston Churchill]], standing next to Robert Schuman had called for [[Franco-German reconciliation]] in a united Europe in a speech in Metz on 14 July 1946. In Zurich Churchill later called for a [[United States of Europe]], and to begin with, a [[Council of Europe]].<ref>[http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=277 The Zurich speech] [[European NAvigator]]</ref> In speeches before the United Nations, Schuman announced that a revitalized Germany must be placed inside a European democracy.<ref>[http://www.schuman.info/UN4849.htm Schuman's UN speeches 1948 and 1949]</ref> The Council of Europe was duly created to provide the great framework of a European union (as it was originally called) in which the European Communities could be inserted. The Council was a herald of these [[supranational]] communities to come on the path to a fully democratic [[European integration]].

Schuman had stated that the idea of a European Coal and Steel Community dated from before he attended university. Schuman initiated policies in preparation for this major change of European politics while Prime Minister of France (1947-8) and Foreign Minister from 1948 onwards. He spoke about the principles of sharing European resources in a supranational union at the signing of the Statute of the Council of Europe in [[London]], 5 May 1949.

The Declaration had several distinct aims, which it tackled together.

* It marked the birth of Europe
* It made war between Member States impossible
* It encouraged world peace
* It would transform Europe by a '' 'step by step' '' process (building through sectoral [[supranational]] communities) leading to the unification of Europe democratically, including both East and West Europe separated by the [[Iron Curtain]]
* It created the world's first supranational institution and
* the world's first international anti-cartel agency
* It created a single market across the Community
* This, starting with the coal and steel sector, would revitalise the whole European economy by similar community processes
* It would improve the world economy and the developing countries, such as those in Africa.<ref>[http://www.schuman.info/proppurp.htm What were Schuman's purposes in creating a European Community? ]</ref>

==Aim and drafting==
[[File:Paris 011..jpg|thumb|The speech was made at [[Quai d'Orsay]], home of the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Foreign Ministry]]]]
{{Expand section|date=July 2008}}
The Declaration itself was first drafted by Paul Reuter, Schuman's colleague and the lawyer at the Foreign ministry. It was edited by [[Jean Monnet]] and others including Schuman's ''Directeur de Cabinet'', Bernard Clappier. The draft documents of the Declaration have been published by the [[Jean Monnet]] Foundation.<ref>Rieben (2000)</ref> They show that Reuter pencilled the first draft and Monnet made only minor corrections. Monnet crossed out the word [[supranational]]—the key concept used by Schuman to describe the new form of European democracy—and replaced it with the ambiguous word [[federation]]. All the key elements—a new democratic organisation of Europe, the [[supranational]] innovations, the [[European Community]], the [[High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community|High Authority]], fusion of vital interests such as coal and steel, and a [[single European market]] and economy—were floated in a series of major speeches given by Schuman in the previous, preparatory years. They include his speeches at the [[United Nations]], at [[St James's Palace]], London at the signing of the Statutes of the [[Council of Europe]] and in Brussels, Strasbourg and in North America. The Proposal for a supranational Community came as a positive and welcome shock to the European peoples in the dismal, fearful years of the [[Cold War]] as it ruled out another war with Germany. The proposals became a Declaration of French government policy when after two Cabinet discussions it was agreed on 9 May 1950 that France would abide democratically by such a Community establishing European [[rule of law]].

In his introductory remarks, Schuman revealed that this seemingly technical, social and industrial innovation would have huge political repercussions, not only for European democracy but for bringing democratic liberty to other areas such as [[Soviet]]-controlled [[eastern Europe]], to aid the developing countries and for establishing world peace. '' 'Europe will be born of this, a Europe which is solidly united and constructed around a strong framework,' '' he said. The declaration's immediate goal was for France, Italy, West Germany, and the [[Benelux]] countries to share strategic resources in order to '' 'make war not only unthinkable but materially impossible' '' and to build a lasting peace in Europe. The immediate outcome of this initiative was the 18 April 1951 creation of the [[European Coal and Steel Community]] (ECSC), first of the three [[European Communities]] and predecessor of the [[European Union]]. At the signing of the [[Treaty of Paris (1951)|Treaty of Paris]] on 18 April 1951, the six signatory States affirmed in a separate document that this date representated Europe's birth: '' 'By the signature of this Treaty, the participating Parties give proof of their determination to create the first supranational institution and that thus they are laying the true foundation of an organised Europe. This Europe remains open to all countries that are free to choose. We profoundly hope that other countries will join us in our common endeavour.' ''

== Legacy ==
[[File:Stamp of Moldova 240.gif|thumb|140px|2000 stamp. 50 years of Schuman’s declaration.]]

The Schuman Declaration marked the true beginning of post-[[World War II]] Franco-German cooperation and the re-integration of West Germany into Western Europe. [[Konrad Adenauer]], Chancellor of West Germany, said of the declaration, "That's our breakthrough."<ref>Judt (1994), 31.</ref> The ECSC was created by the [[Treaty of Paris (1951)]] and on 18 April 1951, the leaders of the six member countries (including Schuman) signed the above-mentioned European Declaration stating that '' 'marked the true foundation of Europe.' '' The supranational Community as the fruit of the Declaration provided five still-developing European democratic<ref>[http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_ecsc_en.htm Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, ECSC Treaty]</ref> institutions: the [[European Commission]], the [[European Parliament]], the [[Consultative Committee]]s (representing organised civil society), the [[Council of the European Union|Council of Ministers]] and the [[European Court of Justice]].

The resulting ECSC introduced a common, single steel and coal market, with freely set market prices, and without internal import/export duties or subsidies. The success of ECSC led to further steps, foreseen by Schuman, being taken with the creation of the [[European Economic Community]] and the [[European Atomic Energy Community]]. The two [[European Commission]]s of the latter Rome Treaties and the High Authority merged into a single European Commission in the 1960s. Further intergovernmental, (non-supranational), bodies and areas of activities were created leading to the creation of the [[European Union]] in 1993.

The Declaration is viewed as one of the main founding events of the EU. In 1985, during [[Jacques Delors]]'s tenure as [[President of the European Commission]], the leaders of the [[European Council]] met in [[Milan]] to decide upon [[Symbols of Europe|'national' symbols for the Community]]. They adopted those chosen by the [[Council of Europe]] previously but they changed the date of [[Europe Day]] from 5 May to 9 May, in commemoration of the Schuman Declaration (the day is now also known as Schuman Day).

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Council of Europe]]
* [[History of the European Communities (1945-1957)]]
* [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]]
* [[Robert Schuman]]
* [[Supranationalism]]
* [[Supranational union]]

== References ==
<div class="references-small">
* Schuman, Robert. Pour l'Europe. Paris 1963.
* Rieben, Henri. ''Un changement d'Esperance, la declaration du 9 mai 1950''. Lausanne 2000.
* Judt, Tony. ''Große Illusion Europa''. München: Hanser, 1994.
* McDougall, Walter. "Political Economy versus National Sovereignty: French Structures for German Economic Integration after Versailles." ''The Journal of Modern History'' 51, no. 1. (Mar., 1979): 4-23.
* Shore, Cris. "Inventing the 'People's Europe': Critical Approaches to European Community 'Cultural Policy.'" ''Man'' 28, no. 4. (Dec., 1993): 779-800.
* Shore, Cris and Annabel Black. "The European Communities and the Construction of Europe." ''Anthropology Today'' 8, no. 3. (Jun., 1992): 10-11.
</div>

== External links ==
{{wikisource}}
*[http://europa.eu/abc/symbols/9-may/decl_en.htm EUROPA - Declaration of 9 May 1950]
*[http://www.schuman.info Schuman Project] gives Schuman's pre-Declaration speeches and the full text of Declaration (including introduction) in English with analysis.
*[http://www.ena.lu/?lang=1&doc=15836 Video of the 9 May 1950 declaration (French)] European NAvigator
*[http://www.eurosduvillage.eu/The-9th-may-s-declaration-which The 9th may's declaration : which past for an inheritance?, on "EUROS DU VILLAGE"]

{{EU treaties and declarations}}
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[[Category:1950 in Europe]]
[[Category:Politics of Europe]]
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Alvin E. Roth

2012-10-18T15:30:03Z

Pap3rinik: /* External links */

{{Infobox scientist
|birth_name = Alvin Elliot Roth
| image = Al Roth, Sydney Ideas lecture 2012c.jpg
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| fields = [[Game theory]], [[market design]], [[experimental economics]]
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'''Alvin Elliot Roth''' (born December 19, 1951) is an American [[economist]] who is currently a [[visiting professor]] at [[Stanford University]] as well as [[George Gund (philanthropist)|George Gund]] Professor of Economics and Business Administration (on leave) at [[Harvard Business School]]. He plans to take up a permanent position at Stanford at the beginning of 2013.<ref name="AlRothspage">[http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/alroth.html#cv Al Roth's Game Theory, Experimental Economics, and Market Design Page] (accessed 2012-10-15).</ref>

Roth has made significant contributions to the fields of [[game theory]], market design and [[experimental economics]], and is known for his emphasis on applying his economic theory to solutions for "real-world" problems.<ref>Susan Adams, [http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0809/opinions-harvard-alvin-roth-freakonomics-ideas-opinions.html "Un-Freakonomics: A Harvard professor uses economics to save lives, assign doctors and get kids into the right high school."] ''[[Forbes]]'', August 9, 2010.</ref><ref>Leon Neyfakh, [http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/04/03/the_matchmaker/?page=full "The Matchmaker: The Harvard economist who stopped just studying the world and began trying to fix it"], ''[[Boston Globe]]'', April 3, 2011.</ref>

In 2012, he won the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] jointly with [[Lloyd Shapley]] "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of [[market design]]".<ref>[http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2012/ The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012], [[Nobel Prize]] official site (accessed 2012-10-15).</ref>

== Biography ==
Al Roth, a [[Jewish]] American,<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=287930 "US economists tied to Israeli academia win Nobel"], [[Jewish Telegraphic Agency|JTA]] in ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', October 15, 2012.</ref> graduated from [[Columbia University]] in 1971 with a degree in [[Operations research]]. He then moved to [[Stanford University]], receiving both his masters and PhD in Operations research there in 1973 and 1974 respectively.<ref name="bloomberg">Niklas Magnusson and Josiane Kremer, [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-15/roth-shapley-share-2012-nobel-economics-prize-academy-says.html Roth, Shapley Win Nobel Economics Prize for Matching Theory"], [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg.com]], October 15, 2012.</ref>

After leaving Stanford, Roth went on to teach at the [[University of Illinois]] which he left in 1982 to become the Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Economics at the [[University of Pittsburgh]]. While at Pitt, he also served as a fellow in the university's [[Center for Philosophy of Science]] and as a professor in the [[Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business|Katz Graduate School of Business]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/12289/1269336-298.stm | title=Professor with Pitt ties wins Nobel economics prize | first=Eleanor | last=Chute | newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | date=2012-10-15 | accessdate=2012-10-16}}</ref> In 1998, Roth left to join the faculty at [[Harvard University|Harvard]]<ref name="bio">[http://drfd.hbs.edu/fit/public/facultyInfo.do?facInfo=bio&facEmId=aroth Alvin E. Roth Biography] Faculty and Research. Accessed on June 6, 2008</ref> where he remained until deciding to return to Stanford in 2012.<ref>Katherine Mangan, [http://chronicle.com/article/Stanford-Lures-3-Top/132317/ "Stanford Lures Alvin Roth and 2 Other Economists From Harvard"], ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'', June 18, 2012.</ref> In 2013 he will become a full member of the Stanford faculty and will take [[emeritus]] status at Harvard.<ref name="AlRothspage"/>

Roth is an [[Sloan Fellowship|Alfred P. Sloan fellow]], a [[Guggenheim Fellowship|Guggenheim Fellow]], and a fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name="bio">[http://drfd.hbs.edu/fit/public/facultyInfo.do?facInfo=bio&facEmId=aroth Alvin E. Roth Biography] Faculty and Research. accessdate = 2008-06-18.</ref><ref>''[http://www.gf.org/rfellow.html John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation R Fellows Page]''. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Accessed on July 6, 2008</ref><ref>''[http://www.amacad.org/pdfs/alpha_list.pdf Members of the Academy of Arts & Sciences]'' (October 2007). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Accessed on July 6, 2008</ref> He is also a member of the [[National Bureau of Economic Research]] (NBER) and the [[Econometric Society]].<ref>''[http://www.econometricsociety.org/fellows.asp Fellows of the Econometric Society]'' (March 2008). Econometric Society. Accessed on July 6, 2008</ref><ref>''[http://www.nber.org/people/alvin_roth Alvin E. Roth]''. National Bureau of Economic Research. Accessed on July 6, 2008</ref> A collection of Roth's papers is housed at the Rubenstein Library at Duke University.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/rothalvin/ |title=Alvin Roth Papers |publisher=Rubenstein Library, Duke University}}</ref>

== Work ==
Roth has worked in the fields of game theory, market design, and experimental economics. In particular, he helped redesign mechanisms for selecting [[Residency (medicine)|medical residents]], [[New York City Department of Education|New York City high schools]] and [[Boston Public Schools|Boston primary schools]].

=== Case Study in Game theory ===
{{main|Stable marriage problem}}
{{main|National Resident Matching Program}}
Roth's 1984 paper on the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) highlighted the system designed by John Stalknaker and F. J. Mullen in 1952. The system was built on theoretical foundations independently introduced by [[David Gale]] and [[Lloyd Shapley]] in 1962.<ref>D. Gale and L. S. Shapley: "College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage", ''[[American Mathematical Monthly]]'' 69, 9–14, 1962.</ref> Roth proved that the NRMP was both [[Nash_equilibrium#Stability|stable]] and [[Strategyproof|strategy-proof]] for unmarried residents but deferred to future study the question of how to match married couples efficiently.<ref>Alvin E. Roth (1984). [http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/papers/evolut.pdf "The Evolution of the Labor Market for Medical Interns and Residents: A Case Study in Game Theory"]. In: ''Journal of Political Economy'' 92: 991–1016. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref>

In 1999 Roth redesigned the matching program to ensure stable matches even with married couples.<ref>Roth, Alvin E. ''Deferred Acceptance Algorithms: History, Theory, Practice, and Open Questions,'' International Journal of Game Theory, Special Issue in Honor of David Gale on his 85th birthday, 36, March 2008, 537–569.</ref><ref>Sara Robinson. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9804E6DB143EF937A1575BC0A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print "Tweaking the Math to Make Happier Medical Marriages"]. in: ''New York Times''. August 24, 2004.</ref>

=== New York City public school system ===
Roth later helped design the market to match New York City public school students to high schools as incoming freshmen. Previously, the school district had students mail in a list of their five preferred schools in rank order, then mailed a photocopy of that list to each of the five schools. As a result, schools could tell whether or not students had listed them as their first choice. This meant that some students ''really'' had a choice of one school, rather than five. It also meant that students had an incentive to hide their true preferences. Roth and his colleagues designed an [[Incentive compatibility|incentive-compatible]] mechanism and presented it to the school board in 2003. The school board accepted the measure as the method of selection for New York City public school students.
<ref>Alvin E. Roth (2005). [http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/papers/nycAEAPP.pdf "The New York City High School Match"]. With Atila Abdulkadiroglu and Parag A. Pathak. in: ''American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 95.'' (2): 364–367.</ref><ref>

{{cite news
| last = Herszenhornh
| first = David M.
| coauthors =
| title = Revised Admission for High Schools
| work = [[New York Times]]
| pages = New York/Region
| language =
| publisher =
| date = October 3, 2003
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/03/nyregion/03ENRO.html?ei=5007&en=2d9e14a1f57d2894&ex=1381204800&partner=USERLAND&pagewanted=all&position=
| accessdate = June 27, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

</ref>

=== Boston's public school system ===
Working with [[Tayfun Sonmez]], Roth presented a similar measure to Boston's public school system in 2004. Here the Boston system gave so much preference to an applicant's first choice that were a student to not receive her first or second choice it was likely that she would not be matched with any school on her list and be administratively assigned to schools which had vacancies. Some Boston parents had informally recognized this feature of the system and developed detailed lists in order to avoid having their children administratively assigned.<ref>Alvin E. Roth. (2007). [http://www.bu.edu/econ/workshops/rosenthal/lecture2007.html "Robert Rosenthal Memorial Lecture 2007: What Have we Learned from Market Design?"] Flash, Web Video. Boston: Boston University.</ref><ref>Roth noted that the [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/westzoneparents/ West Zone Parents Group] at Yahoo Groups among others devoted considerable time and effort to estimating capacity for schools in the area and disseminated recommendations on the basis of those estimates.</ref> Boston held public hearings on the school selection system and finally settled on a modified version of the algorithm used to match New York City students.<ref>Gareth Cook (2003). [http://www2.bc.edu/~sonmezt/Bostonglobestoryonschoolchoice.htm "School assignment flaws detailed: Two economists study problem, offer relief"] In: ''Boston Globe'' 2003-9-12.</ref>

=== New England Program for Kidney Exchange ===
{{See also|Organ transplant}}
Roth is also a founder of the New England Program for Kidney Exchange along with Tayfun Sonmez and Utku Unver,<ref>

{{cite news
| last = Dubner
| first = Stephen
| coauthors = Levitt, Steven
| title = Flesh Trade
| work = [[New York Times|New York Times Magazine]]
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date = July 9, 2006
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/09/magazine/09wwln_freak.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&ei=5070&en=f8a5f1868b51672d&ex=1153022400&emc=eta1
| accessdate = July 5, 2008}}
</ref> a registry and matching program that [[Organ transplant#Paired exchange|pairs]] compatible kidney donors and recipients.<ref>

{{cite news
| last = Wessel
| first = David
| coauthors =
| title = Renal Donors Swap Recipients If Blood Types Don't Match; Cheating on Priority Lists
| work = [[Wall Street Journal]]
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date = June 17, 2004
| url = http://www2.bc.edu/~sonmezt/WSJCapital-June17-2004.htm
| accessdate = June 23, 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080706180246/http://www2.bc.edu/~sonmezt/WSJCapital-June17-2004.htm| archivedate= July 6, 2008 | deadurl= no}}

</ref>

The program was designed to operate primarily through the use of two pairs of incompatible donors. Each donor was incompatible with her partner but could be compatible with another donor who was likewise incompatible with his partner. Francis Delmonico, a transplant surgeon at [[Harvard Medical School]], describes a typical situation,<ref name=nsf>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Kidney Exchange: A Life-Saving Application of Matching Theory
| work = Discoveries
| publisher = National Science Foundation
| date =
| url = http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104404&org=NSF
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = July 5, 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080621141828/http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104404&org=NSF| archivedate= June 21, 2008 | deadurl= no}}
</ref>

{{quote|Kidney exchange enables transplantation where it otherwise could not be accomplished. It overcomes the frustration of a biological obstacle to transplantation. For instance, a wife may need a kidney and her husband may want to donate, but they have a blood type incompatibility that makes donation impossible. Now they can do an exchange. And we've done them. Now we are working on a three-way exchange.}}

Because the [[The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984|National Organ Transplant Act]] forbids the creation of binding contracts for organ transplant, steps in the procedure had to be performed roughly simultaneously. Two pairs of patients means four operating rooms and four surgical teams acting in concert with each other. Hospitals and professionals in the transplant community felt that the practical burden of three pairwise exchanges would be too large.<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Roth
| first = Alvin E.
| coauthors = Tayfun Sonmez and Utku Unver
| title = Pairwise kidney exchange
| journal = Journal of Economic Theory
| volume = 125
| issue = 2
| pages = 153
| publisher =
| location =
| year = 2005
| url = http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/papers/ajt.letter.2007.pdf
|format=PDF| doi = 10.1016/j.jet.2005.04.004
| id =
| accessdate = July 5, 2008}}</ref> While the original theoretical work discovered that an "efficient frontier" would be reached with exchanges between three pairs of otherwise incompatible donors, it was determined that the goals of the program would not be sacrificed by limiting exchanges to pairs of incompatible donors. A 12-party (six donors and six recipients) kidney exchange was performed in April 2008.<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| coauthors =
| title = 'Six-way' kidney transplant first
| work = [[BBC News]]
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date = April 9, 2008
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7338437.stm
| accessdate = June 1, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last = Harford
| first = Tim
| authorlink = Tim Harford
| coauthors =
| title = 6-way kidney exchange: Al Roth should be proud
| work = The Undercover Economist blog
| publisher = [[Financial Times]]
| date = April 10, 2008
| url = http://blogs.ft.com/undercover/2008/04/6-way-kidney-exchange-al-roth-should-be-proud/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = June 18, 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080516202519/http://blogs.ft.com/undercover/2008/04/6-way-kidney-exchange-al-roth-should-be-proud/| archivedate= May 16, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref>

==Personal==
Roth is married and has two children.<ref name="bloomberg"/>

== Books ==
Roth is the author of numerous scholarly articles, books, and other publications. A selection:
* 1979. [http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/Axiomatic_Models_of_Bargaining.pdf ''Axiomatic Models of Bargaining, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems'']. Springer Verlag.
* 1985. ''Game-Theoretic Models of Bargaining, (editor)Cambridge University Press, 1985.
* 1987. ''Laboratory Experimentation in Economics: Six Points of View''. (editor) Cambridge University Press. (Chinese translation, 2008)
* 1988. ''The Shapley Value: Essays in Honor of Lloyd S. Shapley''. (editor) Cambridge University Press.
* 1990. ''Two-Sided Matching: A Study in Game-Theoretic Modeling and Analysis''. With Marilda Sotomayor. Cambridge University Press.
* 1995. ''Handbook of Experimental Economics''. Edited with J.H. Kagel. Princeton University Press.
* 2001. ''Game Theory in the Tradition of Bob Wilson''. Edited with Bengt Holmstrom and Paul Milgrom.

==Journal articles==
Roth has published over 70 articles in peer reviewed journals. According to [[Scopus]], the most widely cited have been:

*{{cite journal |last=——— |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1985 |month= |title=The College Admissions Problem is not Equivalent to the Marriage Problem |journal=Journal of Economic Theory |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=277–288 |id= |url= |accessdate= |quote= |doi=10.1016/0022-0531(85)90106-1 |first1=A }}
*{{cite journal |last=——— |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1991 |month= |title=A Natural Experiment in the Organization of Entry-Level Labor Markets: Regional Markets for New Physicians and Surgeons in the United Kingdom |journal=American Economic Review |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=415–440 |doi= |quote= |pmid=10115049 |first1=AE |publisher=[[American Economic Association]]|jstor= 2006511 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Erev |first=I. |authorlink= |coauthors=——— |year=1998 |month= |title=Predicting How People Play Games: Reinforcement Learning in Experimental Games with Unique, Mixed Strategy Equilibria |journal=American Economic Review |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=848–881 |doi= |quote= |publisher=American Economic Association|jstor= 117009 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Slonim |first=R. |authorlink= |coauthors=——— |year=1998 |month= |title=Learning in High Stakes Ultimatum Games: An Experiment in the Slovak Republic |journal=Econometrica |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=569–596 |doi=10.2307/2998575|quote= |publisher=The Econometric Society |jstor= 2998575 }}
*{{cite journal |last=——— |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=Peranson, E. |year=1999 |month= |title=The Redesign of the Matching Market for American Physicians: Some Engineering Aspects of Economic Design |journal=American Economic Review |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=748–780 |doi= 10.1257/aer.89.4.748|quote= |author1=Roth, Alvin E |publisher=American Economic Association|jstor= 117158 }}
*{{cite journal |last=——— |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=Ockenfels, A. |year=2002 |month= |title=Last-minute bidding and the rules for ending second-price auctions: Evidence from eBay and Amazon auctions on the internet |journal=American Economic Review |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=1093–1103 |doi=10.1257/00028280260344632 |url= |accessdate= |quote= |first1=Alvin E }}
*{{cite journal |last=——— |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=Sönmez, T.; Ünver, M. U. |year=2004 |month= |title=Kidney exchange |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=119 |issue=2 |pages=457–488 |doi=10.1162/0033553041382157 |url= |accessdate= |quote= |first1=Alvin E. }}

== See also ==
*[[Repugnant market]]
*[[Repugnancy costs]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|PITT}}
{{Commons category}}
*[http://drfd.hbs.edu/fit/public/facultyInfo.do?facInfo=bio&facEmId=aroth Alvin E. Roth] at Harvard Business School
*[http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/alroth.html Compilation of research and press coverage] at Al Roth's game theory, experimental economics, and market design page.

{{Nobel laureates in economics 2001-2025|state=expanded}}
{{2012 Nobel Prize winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Roth, Alvin E
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =1951-12-19
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roth, Alvin E}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:American economists]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Game theorists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Illinois faculty]]
[[Category:University of Pittsburgh faculty]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School faculty]]
[[Category:Stanford University faculty]]
[[Category:Operations researchers]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Guggenheim Fellows]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Economics]]

[[bn:অলভিন রোথ]]
[[be:Элвін Рот]]
[[ca:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[de:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[es:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[fr:Alvin Roth]]
[[ko:앨빈 로스]]
[[id:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[it:Alvin Eliot Roth]]
[[la:Alvin Roth]]
[[nds:Alvin Eliot Roth]]
[[nl:Alvin Roth]]
[[no:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[pt:Alvin Roth]]
[[ro:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[ru:Рот, Элвин]]
[[fi:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[sv:Alvin Roth]]
[[ta:ஆல்வின் ரோத்]]
[[tr:Alvin E. Roth]]
[[uk:Елвін Рот]]
[[vi:Alvin Roth]]
[[zh:阿尔文·罗思]]

Wikipedia:HighBeam/Prior applications

2012-04-18T07:50:26Z

Pap3rinik: /* Applicants for round 2, post-April 16th open period */ +1

{{Wikipedia:Highbeam/Nav}}
<center><big>Round 1 closed April 9th. Sign up for round 2 below.</big></center>
This page is designed to manage the applications process for editors who want access to a free, full-access, 1-year [[HighBeam Research]] account. HighBeam has indicated that they will defer to the community's judgment about which editors will qualify for a free account. Because they do not have a strict limit on the number of free accounts they are willing to give us (they've initially authorized 1000), there is unlikely to be a problem of too many editors trying to get too few accounts. The criteria and an explanation of the application process are listed below.

;Requirements
* You do not have free online access to HighBeam through your local library or university
* You have your '''Wikipedia email enabled to receive messages''' (see [[Special:Preferences]])
* You have an account that is a minimum of '''1 year old'''
* You have a minimum of '''1000 edits''' to the encyclopedia
* Ideally, you are active in content generation, research, and verification work.

;Process
* Promotion of the application process will begin on March 13, 2012
* The free accounts will be widely advertised on Wikipedia community pages, content portals, wikiprojects, mailing lists, and available media (Signpost, Wikimedia Blog)
* Applications will officially open on Monday April 2, 2012 at 10am Eastern Standard Time (EST) and remain open until Monday April 9 at 12pm EST.
* Applications will ''not'' be given on a first-come first serve basis; in the unlikely event that there are more eligible editors than accounts, they will be assigned ''randomly''
* Account access codes will be emailed to all participants by Monday April 16 at 12pm EST

;Expectations for use
* All editors are encouraged to apply where they have a need for background reading, research, verification, or content writing
* Editors should try out and use the HighBeam account during their free access period
* Editors should ''always'' provide original citation information, ''in addition'' to linking a HighBeam article, per [[WP:V]] and [[WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT]]
* Editors should not provide [[WP:Bare URL|bare links]] to non-free HighBeam pages
* Editors should note "(subscription required)" in the citation, where appropriate
* ''Your application suggests you've read this and will give it a fair shot'' :)

==Example application==
# <nowiki>[[User:Name]]</nowiki>. Active Wikimedia project(s). History of content, research, or verification work. Intentions for future research.

# [[User:Ocaasi]]. English Wikipedia. I write biographies about alternative medicine practitioners and Middle Eastern political activists. I intend to continue this work, specifically writing about [[Gabriel Cousens]] and the [[Egyptian presidential election, 2012]]. [[User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] [[User talk:Ocaasi|t ]]|[[Special:Contributions/Ocaasi| c]] 21:37, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

==Applications--April 9th round (delivered by the 16th)==
{{collapsetop|}}
''Feel free to add your name below, but no applications will be considered until Monday, April 2, 2012 at 10am Eastern Standard Time (EST). If there is a shortage, applications will be given on a ''random'' basis to all who meet the basic qualifications.'' Please tell your wiki-friends, WikiProjects, and other fora you frequent about this opportunity.
# [[User:BarkingFish]]. English Wikipedia: 6928 edits, total globally: 10,514, administrator to tpi.wikipedia.org - Content contribution and correction in many areas, moving slowy into dealing with verifiability and correctness as well as building articles about Physiology, Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Trauma, as well as Pharmacology. Looking to continue this work for a long time, here and at simple.wikipedia also. [[User_talk:BarkingFish| '''BarkingFish''' ]] 00:26, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:Hgrosser]] English Wikipedia. 2300+ edits since Nov. 2005. Created the articles [[San Patricio Church massacre]] and [[Pussy Riot]] (the first on any wiki). — [[User:Hgrosser|Hgrosser]] ([[User talk:Hgrosser|talk]]) 06:16, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Vejvančický]]. English Wikipedia. 4 years of experience, cca 24,000 edits, content related work (content creation, verification, referencing, deletion (mainly [[CAT:CSD]]), deletion discussions), [[WP:ADMIN]], [[WP:CREDO]]. The access could be very useful for my work. Thanks for considering this application. --[[User:Vejvančický|Vejvančický]] ([[User_talk:Vejvančický|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Vejvančický|contribs]]) 13:41, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Orangemike]] Admin on English-language Wikipedia; 8 years experience, 81,000+ edits, content-related work (creation, expansion, verification, article rescue) where access to Highbeam would be useful. --[[User:Orangemike|Orange Mike]] | [[User talk:Orangemike|Talk]] 14:35, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Gobonobo]]. English Wikipedia. ~4 years experience, 40,000 edits, content-related work (creation, expansion, referencing). Intend to work on 20th century biographies and the backlog at [[:Category:BLP articles lacking sources]]. --[[User:Gobonobo|Gobōnobo]] [[User_talk:Gobonobo|+]] [[Special:Contributions/Gobonobo|c]] 16:48, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Racconish]]. English, French and Italian Wikipedias. 3 years experience, 19,000+ edits, content-related work (creation, expansion, verification, article rescue) where access to Highbeam would be useful.— '''[[User:Racconish|Racconish]]'''[[User talk:Racconish| Tk ]] 17:56, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Pharaoh of the Wizards ]] English Wikipedia . 5 Years experience ,38000 + edits ,content-related work (content creation,expansion, verification, referencing) access to Highbeam will be very useful.[[User:Pharaoh of the Wizards|Pharaoh of the Wizards]] ([[User talk:Pharaoh of the Wizards|talk]]) 19:21, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Prioryman]] English Wikipedia. Between this and a former account, 8 years' experience and about 60,000 edits, primarily in content creation (see my userpage for various FAs, GAs, DYKs and other articles I've written). [[User:Prioryman|Prioryman]] ([[User talk:Prioryman|talk]]) 20:20, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Wehwalt]] English Wikipedia. 5 years experience, almost 70,000 edits. Over 60 FAs in various fields, especially history, politics, and numismatics. Plan to keep working in those areas. See my userpage, although I don't update it much.--[[User:Wehwalt|Wehwalt]] ([[User talk:Wehwalt|talk]]) 20:24, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Nikthestoned]], English Wikipedia. ~2 years experience, >17,000 edits almost all in content creation / expansion; over 70 well sourced articles created. '''[[User:Nikthestoned|Nik]][[Special:Contributions/Nikthestoned|''the'']][[User talk:Nikthestoned|stoned]]''' 12:35, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Dravecky]], English-language Wikipedia, nearly 5 years experience and over 74,000 edits, am an admin but spend most of my time in content creation, especially broadcasting, Alabama and Texas history, and other areas that would benefit strongly from access to Highbeam's resources. - [[User:Dravecky|Dravecky]] ([[User talk:Dravecky|talk]]) 13:26, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Resolute]], English Wikipedia, 7 years experience and 37,000 edits. Like Dravecky, I am a [[Wikipedia:Content admin|content admin]], with 50 good and featured articles to my credit. I tend to focus on ice hockey and Canadian history topics. [[User:Resolute|Reso]][[User Talk:Resolute|lute]] 14:00, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Djsasso]], English Wikipedia and Simple English Wikipedia, 7+ years of experience and 90,000 edits. -[[User:Djsasso|DJSasso]] ([[User talk:Djsasso|talk]]) 14:20, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:MikeLynch]], English and [[:sa:Main page|Sanskrit]] language Wikipedia, admin in both. ~2 years of experience and over 20,000 global edits. Active in content creation in English as well as Indian language Wikimedia projects. '''[[User:MikeLynch|Lynch]][[User talk:MikeLynch|7]]''' 14:46, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Vibhijain]], English Wikipedia, 1 year of experience. 8500 local edits and 20,000 global edits. [[User:Vibhijain|♛♚★Vaibhav Jain★♚♛]] [[User talk:Vibhijain|Talk]] [[Special:EmailUser/Vibhijain|Email]] 14:48, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:The ed17]], English Wikipedia, 4 years of experience, 39,000 edits, administrator. I've written 20 FAs, all focused around 20th century naval history. I'm really interested in the newspaper archives offered by Highbeam (see [[South American dreadnought race]] for how I'd use them). [[User:The ed17|Ed]] [[User talk:The ed17|[talk]]] [[WP:OMT|[majestic titan]]] 15:08, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# --[[User:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] ([[User talk:Aschmidt|talk]]) 15:31, 15 March 2012 (UTC) German Wikipedia since 2005, some 13,000 edits there, editing articles mainly on law, economics, media, current affairs, free software. The newspaper and journal archive would be a great help both for improving and for writing new articles on my subjects. Thanks for considering my application.--[[User:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] ([[User talk:Aschmidt|talk]]) 15:31, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Liesel|Liesel]] ([[User talk:Liesel|talk]]) 15:59, 15 March 2012 (UTC) german wikipedia since 2005, over 22000 edits in articles, themes: railroad, motorsport, geography
# --[[User:Nicola54|Nicola54]] ([[User talk:Nicola54|talk]]) 16:06, 15 March 2012 (UTC) German Wikipedia since 2004, some 57.000 edits, editing articles mainly on history of sports and cycling. The archive would help me to find out more about biographies of veteran sports people and historical sports events.
# [[User:Polarlys|Polarlys]] German Wikipedia, active since 2004, 49000 edits, 31000 in articles, topics: medicine, scientists/biographies, regularly had no access especially to newspaper archives for essential biographic information. Thank you for consideration. --[[User:Polarlys|Polarlys]] ([[User talk:Polarlys|talk]]) 16:10, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Emeritus|Emeritus]] German Wikipedia, 8000 edits since 2009, topics: Pacific history and politics, indigenous peoples. --[[User:Emeritus|Emeritus]] ([[User talk:Emeritus|talk]]) 16:41, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:DerHexer|DerHexer]], editor since 2005; sysop on German and English Wikipedia, steward on Meta Wiki; 250'000 edits; 900'000 sysop actions; one featured and one good article (dozens written with main topic antiquity), three featured pictures (thousands uploaded); after having finished my Master thesis in summer 2012 I will not anylonger have access to journal archives.
# [[User:SlimVirgin|SlimVirgin]], English Wikipedia, editor since November 2004; 120,000 edits, around 42 percent to articles, mainly focusing on content review and creation, including 10 featured articles and one GA. I write a lot of current affairs pieces, so access to a good news database would be very useful. [[User:SlimVirgin|SlimVirgin]] [[User_talk:SlimVirgin|(talk)]] 17:05, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# -- [[User:Achim Raschka|Achim Raschka]] ([[User talk:Achim Raschka|talk]]) 17:11, 15 March 2012 (UTC) - editor and author since 2003 in the German WP, lots of edits, ~100 good article (‘lesenswert’) and ~50 featured (‘exzellent’) ones in the German WP -- [[User:Achim Raschka|Achim Raschka]] ([[User talk:Achim Raschka|talk]]) 17:11, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:NiTenIchiRyu|NiTenIchiRyu]], German and English Wikipedia editor since 2004, about 35,000 edits in the German and 1500 in the English Wikipedia, topics: history, biographies, art. --[[User:NiTenIchiRyu|NiTen]] ([[User talk:NiTenIchiRyu|talk]]) 17:16, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ruud Koot|Ruud Koot]], [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pages/index.php?name=Ruud_Koot&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects content creator] on the English (and occasionally Dutch) Wikipedia since 2005. Working in particular on topics related to (the history of) science.
# [[User:Astynax|Astynax]], English Wikipedia, editor since 2006; 8,000 edits, approximately 74 percent to articles which include raising 10 to FA and 13 to GA status. I assist on various topics where the ability to provide citations from a news database would be helpful. [[User:Astynax| • Astynax]] [[User talk:Astynax|talk]] 17:29, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Denis Barthel|Denis Barthel]] ([[User talk:Denis Barthel|talk]]) 18:55, 15 March 2012 (UTC), German Wikipedia (sometimes en), active since 2003, ~51.000 edits de, ~57.000 edits global, ~50 good and featured articles, topics: protozoology, botany, music (experimental, doom metal), quality TV.
# [[User:Zero0000|Zero0000]] ([[User:talk:Zero0000|talk]]), Editor since 2003 (over 15,000 edits), administrator since 2004. Mainly I edit historical articles related to the Middle East, with the particular emphasis of improving the quality of sources. [[User:Zero0000|Zero]][[User_talk:Zero0000|talk]] 19:04, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Marcus Cyron|Marcus Cyron]], Editor since 2005, Administrator en de:WP and Commons, more than 165.000 Edits in all WMDE projects (about 145.000 in de:WP; more than 15.000 on Commons; Author of more than 5.000 articles on de:WP, more than 30 are featured or good (mostly about the Classical world and Winter sports). And thanks again for showing, that only en:WP is important for the movement. [[User:Marcus Cyron|Marcus Cyron]] ([[User talk:Marcus Cyron|talk]]) 19:10, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]], editing English Wikipedia for 4.6 years, top 300 users by edit count, with 2 FA, 35 GA and 134 DYK articles under my belt. I work primarily on article content, and I often find that Highbeam is holding a source that would greatly assist my work. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 19:27, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Tsor|tsor]]: user and administrator in de:WP, first edit July 2003, more than 81.000 edits. --[[User:Tsor|Tsor]] ([[User talk:Tsor|talk]]) 20:04, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# {{user2|Elitre}} requesting an account for my activity on it.wiki. [http://toolserver.org/~river/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=Elitre&dbname=itwiki_p > 20,000 edits] there (> 6700 in ns0) in 5 years, major contributor of a FA ([[:it:Wikipedia:Vetrina/Segnalazioni/Palio_di_Siena|1]], [http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palio_di_Siena&action=historysubmit&diff=11210235&oldid=11162237 2], [http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/wppagehiststat.pl?lang=it.wikipedia&page=Palio+di+Siena article stats]), user of "[[:it:Progetto:Cococo|Progetto Cococo]]" (local [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup|WikiProject Copyright Cleanup]]), sysop, OTRS agent. No access to reference works except for my Credo Account: I am going to notify the Italian community the same way I did for the Credo accounts, enabling some Italian fellow to get theirs. ----[[User:Elitre|Elitre]] ([[User talk:Elitre|talk]]) 20:14, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[:user:Freimut Bahlo|Freimut Bahlo]], editor since July 2007, 55,963 edits, Author of more than 2.000 articles on de:WP, part of the community [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Jazz|Project jazz]]. 1 informative list (‘informative Liste’), 1 good article (‘lesenswert’) and 1 featured (‘exzellent’) in the German WP--[[User:Freimut Bahlo|Freimut Bahlo]] ([[User talk:Freimut Bahlo|talk]]) 20:20, 15 March 2012 (UTC) Anmeldezeitpunkt: 16. Juli 2007
# [[User:Redlinux|Redlinux]] editor since 2006; sysop on German Wikipedia and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mentorenprogramm/Auszeichnungen mentoring (with the largest number of mentees in de-wiki)] (i.e. Adopt a User in en-wiki); cause I'm living in a rural area, I don't have access to journal archives. Most of my qualified articles [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Redlinux] are on medical topics. [[User:Redlinux|Redlinux]]···[[User_talk:Redlinux|→]] 21:22, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# {{user2|valepert}} requesting an account for my activity on it.wiki. sysop with [http://toolserver.org/~pathoschild/stalktoy/?target=Valepert&closed=on > 88,000 edits] in 6 years, user of "[[:it:Progetto:Cococo|Progetto Cococo]]" (italian equivalent for [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup|WikiProject Copyright Cleanup]]), I have a [[Wikipedia:Credo_accounts/Archive_2|Credo account]]. --[[User:Valepert|valepert]] ([[User talk:Valepert|talk]]) 21:24, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Sannita|Sannita]]. Admin on Italian Wikipedia since 2007, 6+ years experience and 47k+ edits. I currently work mostly on biographies (both BLPs and BDPs), and accessing to Highbeam would be definitely useful. I already have a Credo account, which I use also to help other users. [[User:Sannita|Sannita]] - ''[[User talk:Sannita|not just another it.wiki sysop]]'' 21:27, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Toter Alter Mann|Toter Alter Mann]] − sysop on German Wikipedia, some 20k edits; mentor and active editor for three years now. Mainly biology, but also a lot of cleanup, research and verification in the social sciences. I am further participating at the German WP:REX ([[:de:WP:BIBA]]). I have a Credo account which I mainly used for helping other people with their articles.--[[User:Toter Alter Mann|Toter Alter Mann]] ([[User talk:Toter Alter Mann|talk]]) 21:58, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Olei|Olei]]. German Wikipedia, active since 2005, ~24.000 edits de, ~40,000 edits global, topics: biology (insecta, lepidoptera) --[[User:Olei|Olei]] ([[User talk:Olei|talk]]) 22:00, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Muscari|Muscari]]. German Wikipedia, active since 2007, ~38.000 edits de, topics: biology (botany, herpetology, entomology,...) --[[User:Muscari|Muscari]] ([[User talk:Muscari|talk]]) 22:07, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Asdalol|Asdalol]]. Editor since 2007 on It.wiki, more than 10.000 edits on ns0. Actually working on biographies, history of sports. I don't have access to a journal archive, the HighBeam account would be very useful. --[[User:Asdalol|Asdalol]] ([[User talk:Asdalol|talk]]) 22:17, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Nicolabel|Nicolabel]]: sysop on Italian Wikipedia since 2011, user since 2005, ~12500 edits. Active mostly in cleanup/verification activities and geography, occasionally in other fields. I got a credo account in 2011. --[[User:Nicolabel|Nicolabel]] ([[User talk:Nicolabel|talk]]) 22:25, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Etrusko25]]: Italian wikipedia, working mostly in ichthyology and fish biology. [[User:Etrusko25|Etrusko25]] ([[User talk:Etrusko25|talk]]) 22:48, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Vituzzu]]: sysop and bureaucrat on the Italian Wikipedia and steward ~63.000 edits global, my main interests are modern and contemporary history and information technology. --[[User:Vituzzu|Vituzzu]] ([[User talk:Vituzzu|talk]]) 23:46, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Lucas]]: Italian Wikipedia. I am sysop on the Italian Wikipedia since 2006. I did more than 45.000 global edits. I am interested in psychology, communication, and modern history (expecially the biographies side). --[[User:Lucas|Lucas]] ([[User talk:Lucas|talk]]) 01:58, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:ansumang|Ansuman]]: English Wikipedia and [[:or:Main page|Odia Wikipedia]], Admin on Odia Wikipedia. 1+ year of experience and over 8500 global edits. Active in various Wikimedia Projects. -- [[User:ansumang|ɑηsuмaη]] [[User talk:ansumang| ʈ ᶏ ɭ Ϟ]] 06:00, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Agathoclea|Agathoclea]] en & de-wiki, 20k+ edits, admin here. As my time is currently limited due to work commitments please disregard if oversubscribed. [[User:Agathoclea|Agathoclea]] ([[User talk:Agathoclea|talk]]) 08:12, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:WiseWoman|WiseWoman]]: German Wikipedia, active since 2004, 2000+ edits; English Wikipedia active since 2004, 470+ edits; Swedish Wikipedia since 2007, 27 edits. I do mostly cleanup, but when I create articles they tend to be about women who are missing in the Wikipedia. It is often hard to come by information on them, so additional resources much appreciated. --[[User:WiseWoman|WiseWoman]] ([[User talk:WiseWoman|talk]]) 08:16, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Martin Bahmann|Martin Bahmann]] ([[User talk:Martin Bahmann|talk]]) German Wikipedia, active since 2004, ~33.000 edits de, 11 good and 7 featured articles, topics (mainly) history, especially local/roman/german history, biographies, plants, botany and - the "fun part" for me as contributor - cat breeds & veterinary medicine. [[User:Martin Bahmann|Martin Bahmann]] ([[User talk:Martin Bahmann|talk]]) 08:56, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Demostene119]]: Italian Wikipedia 6.000+ edits from 2006, Credo Account, main interest in mineralogy, paleontology and modern and contemporary history.[[User:Demostene119|Demostene119]] ([[User talk:Demostene119|talk]]) 09:21, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Emha]]: Active in German Wikipedia since 2004 (>9.000 edits) and on Commons, I write about persons and geographical topics and do Quality assurance, where it is useful to lookup details -- [[User:Emha|Emha]] ([[User talk:Emha|talk]]) 10:26, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Bramfab]]: Italian wikipedia, since 2006 and sysop, editing (40.000+) mostly in earth science, evolutionary biology, history of science and Italian history. I'm quite active on verification of correctness of dubious citation in articles --[[User:Bramfab|Bramfab]] ([[User talk:Bramfab|talk]]) 11:41, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:ca$e]]: active in German Wikipedia since 2005, >39.000 edits, ArbCom, coordination of work in areas of philosophy, religious studies, among other areas in humanities and social sciences. [[User:Ca$e|Ca$e]] ([[User talk:Ca$e|talk]]) 12:38, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# --[[User:Belladonna2|Belladonna2]] ([[User talk:Belladonna2|talk]]) 12:45, 16 March 2012 (UTC):German Wikipedia, editing 8000 edits since 2007, mostly in botanical sciences, gender sciences, genetically modified organism and ecology.--[[User:Belladonna2|Belladonna2]] ([[User talk:Belladonna2|talk]]) 12:45, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Philafrenzy|Philafrenzy]] ([[User talk:Philafrenzy|talk]]) 12:49, 16 March 2012 (UTC) Over 16000 edits English Wikipedia. Edit on philately, history, art, postal system. Hoping it will access local newspapers I usually can't view. [[User:Philafrenzy|Philafrenzy]] ([[User talk:Philafrenzy|talk]]) 12:49, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:theredmonkey|theredmonkey]]: German Wikipedia editor since 2005; >4000 edits; editing and verification in social science --[[User:Theredmonkey|trm]] 15:51, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Secret|Secret]] [[User talk:Secret|account]] 15:55, 16 March 2012 (UTC) Member since 2005, over 35,000 edits in my former two accounts and this one, was a former administrator and I have several FAs to my credit. Highbeam will be extremely useful in my subject area, Baseball history, American football history and current hip hop articles. [[User:Secret|Secret]] [[User talk:Secret|account]] 15:55, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Andrea.gf|Andrea.gf]] Editor and former admin on italian wiki, active since 2005 with 7000+ edits, mainly content-related work (creation, expansion and verification) where access to Highbeam would be very useful. [[User:Andrea.gf|Andrea.gf]] ([[User talk:Andrea.gf|talk]]) 16:19, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Avraham|Avraham]]. Active since late 2005. Wide area of edits (mathematics, religion, geopolitics, etc.). I often focus on updating and maintaining citations, so HighBeam access would be a fantastic resource. (Other info, FWIW: ENWP: Admin, crat, OS, CU; COM: Admin, OS; Meta: Admin, Steward) Thank you. -- [[User:Avraham|Avi]] ([[User talk:Avraham|talk]]) 17:46, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:InverseHypercube|InverseHypercube]]. Active on the English Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons since late 2010, with 8000+ edits on Wikipedia. I edit a wide variety of articles, but tend to focus on science, computers, history, and current events. I do have access to many sources through the [[University of British Columbia]], so please prioritize others before me. However, HighBeam does seem to have valuable sources that I can't access, so I would appreciate the opportunity to use it if there are spots available. [[User:InverseHypercube|InverseHypercube]] ([[User talk:InverseHypercube|talk]]) 20:32, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ziko|Ziko]], see my page on [[:m:User:Ziko|meta]]. [[User:Ziko|Ziko]] ([[User talk:Ziko|talk]]) 22:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Wildtierreservat|Wildtierreservat]], de.wp editor since 2008, ~6000 edits, ~50 [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Wildtierreservat/Artikel articles]. This would be a great help for my articles on writers. --[[User:Wildtierreservat|Wildtierreservat]] ([[User talk:Wildtierreservat|talk]]) 23:49, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Kmhkmh|Kmhkmh]]. I'm primarily active in en.wp (6000+ edits) and de.wp (25000+ edits) for more than 5 years now, mostly in the fields of math, sciences, history, biography, geography, movies, literature, food & drink. Since I'm not affiliated with an university anymore, I lack any sort of free journal access, hence highbeam might prove extremely valuable for me when writing new articles or improving/proofreading existing ones.--[[User:Kmhkmh|Kmhkmh]] ([[User talk:Kmhkmh|talk]]) 01:44, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Riggr Mortis|Riggr Mortis]]. Editor on en.wp since 2006 (with prior User:Outriggr). Would edit more in arts and literature with improved (any) access to resources. [[User:Riggr Mortis|Riggr Mortis]] ([[User talk:Riggr Mortis|talk]]) 04:13, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ureinwohner|Ureinwohner]] German Wikipedia, active since 2004, ~66.000 edits, focus on creating and expanding footballer biographies (UK, Australia, Africa), the newspaper archive would be really useful --[[User:Ureinwohner|Ureinwohner]] ([[User talk:Ureinwohner|talk]]) 08:49, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Rsrikanth05|Rsrikanth05]], Have an account since 2005, though active editing started in late 2008. As of today, I've got 12k edits on English. I've worked on a GA ([[Transport in India]], and a DYK ([[Coimbatore bypass]]). I regularly hunt for refs to add to articles where they aren't present, or are needed. I plan to work on various Transport related articles in the future, and having this would be a great asset. --[[User:Rsrikanth05|Rsrikanth05]] ([[User talk:Rsrikanth05|talk]]) 10:52, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Mirgolth|Mirgolth]] French Wikipedia. Active since 2005 (>20K edits), I write marine zoology articles. I'm currently writing on Anemonefishes and I intend to continue with major fishes families (Scaridae, Labridae, Chaetonidae, Pomacanthidae...). I'm mostly using public papers anly and access to ''[[Copeia]]'' and other zoology publications would help a lot. [[User:Mirgolth|Mirgolth]] ([[User talk:Mirgolth|talk]]) 13:43, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Cymbella|Cymbella]] French Wikipedia (and sometimes also other languages). Active since 2007, ~23.000 edits, eclectic contributions, namely botany, history of botany, disambiguation, spelling corrections. - [[User:Cymbella|Cymbella]] ([[User talk:Cymbella|talk]]) 13:54, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:MIRROR]], active since 2006 on fr.wiki. 8k+ edits there, 14k+ global. i work (or intend to) on biology (mainly entomology, evolution mecanisms, LUCA…), particle physics and biographies linked to those fields - [[User:MIRROR|MIRROR]] ([[User talk:MIRROR|talk]]) 13:57, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Veneziano|Veneziano]] Italian Wikipedia. Editor since 2007, sysop since 2008, >20.000 edits focused in medical, psychological and scientific areas. I'm, and I will be, active in content verification issues in medical/psychological areas. [[User:Veneziano|Veneziano]] ([[User talk:Veneziano|talk]]) 14:24, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:GabrielF|GabrielF]] primarily en-Wiki. Editor since December 2004 with 8,000+ edits. In addition to article writing, I also help provide PDFs of scholarly and other articles at [[WP:RX|the resource exchange]]. [[User:GabrielF|GabrielF]] ([[User talk:GabrielF|talk]]) 17:34, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] I have 16,000+ edits on English Wikipedia since 2009. I started working on biographies of California mountaineers and artists, and have gone on to write, expand and reference articles on a wide variety of topics. I am also an Online Ambassador assisting college students working on Wikipedia assignments. [[User:Cullen328|'''Cullen'''328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 17:52, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Dank|Dank]] - around 50k edits, lots of reviewed content, frequent reviewer at [[WP:FAC]]. - Dank ([[User talk:Dank|push to talk]]) 19:24, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[:es:Usuaria:Miss Manzana|Miss Manzana]]: Spanish Wikipedia. Around 18 000 edits, administrator. More than 70 GAs and 11 FAs, regular GA and FA reviewer. User since 2010. [[user:Miss Manzana|мιѕѕ мαηzαηα]] ([[user talk:Miss Manzana|let's talk]]) 19:40, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:WhisperToMe|WhisperToMe]] - 8 years of experience on the English Wikipedia, with a large number of edits, active in article and content writing - I would find such access very useful [[User:WhisperToMe|WhisperToMe]] ([[User talk:WhisperToMe|talk]]) 19:41, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Andreateletrabajo|Andreateletrabajo]]. 2 years and admin in es:WP. More than 30 000 edits in several WM Projects. 1 GA, 70 articles and GA revewer. I write about biology, technology and others, and as admin I do extensive job of reversions, copyvio deletions, add contents, add sources, etc. My uni don't has access to HighBeam, so I think it can be very usefull for me. --[[User:Andreateletrabajo|Andreateletrabajo]] ([[User talk:Andreateletrabajo|talk]]) 20:02, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:דניאל ב.|Daniel B]] - 6 years of experience on the Hebrew Wikipedia. Around 40K edits. Administrator and CheckUser. Write about mathematics, 2 FA. [[User:דניאל ב.|Daniel B]] ([[User talk:דניאל ב.|talk]]) 20:07, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Diego Moya|Diego Moya]]. About 8 years editing English Wikipedia, creating missing articles and referencing stuff mainly in Computer Science. I could use access to the Journal of End User Computing and related topics to improve the [[Human–computer interaction]] articles. [[User:Diego Moya|Diego]] ([[User talk:Diego Moya|talk]]) 20:11, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Oyoyoy|Oyoyoy]]. Approx. 3yrs editing on Hebrew & English Wikipedia and related projects. Hundreds of articles added to Hebrew Wikipedia. I would love to have access to this database. [[User:Oyoyoy|Oyoyoy]] ([[User talk:Oyoyoy|talk]]) 20:26, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:SPat|SPat]] [[User talk:SPat|talk]] 20:29, 17 March 2012 (UTC) ~3 years editing on en and mr wikipedia. Added ~20 new article.
#[[User:עדירל|עדירל]] ([[User talk:עדירל|talk]]) 20:30, 17 March 2012 (UTC) I am active on Hebrew Wikipedia, use free Hebrew newspapers very often and would like to supplement from other sources.
# [[User:ליאור|ליאור • Lior]] ([[User talk:ליאור|talk]]) - An active editor in Wikipedia since 2004, mostly contributing to the Hebrew Wikipedia. I focus on [[Beta Israel]]i heritage as well as scientific articles, both of which necessitate access to hardly-accessible articles and books. A HighBeam account might prove useful for these. Thanks, [[User:ליאור|ליאור • Lior]] ([[User talk:ליאור|talk]]) 20:45, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Kiefer.Wolfowitz|Kiefer.Wolfowitz]]: 25 thousand edits since 2005, mostly in mathematics, statistics, computer science, United States history (especially politics), English-language and Spanish-language literature, contemporary Sweden. [[User:Kiefer.Wolfowitz| '''Kiefer''']].[[User talk:Kiefer.Wolfowitz#top|Wolfowitz]] 20:49, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Mandarax|Mandarax]]. On English Wikipedia for 7 years, with over 200,000 edits. I include plentiful citations in the articles I write, and having this additional resource would be very useful. [[User:Mandarax|MANdARAX]] • [[User talk:Mandarax|XAЯAbИAM]] 21:11, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Aircorn|Aircorn]]. Have been on the English Wikipedia for two years and have 11 000 edits. One of my main focuses is the GA process and having access to HighBeam will help me verify potentially "Good" articles. [[User:Aircorn|AIR'''''corn''''']] [[User talk:Aircorn|(talk)]] 23:28, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Aviados|Aviados]]: A highly active editor in Hebrew Wikipedia for the past 4 years, with over 65K edits (most of which are in the main namespace). Administrator since 2009. Focus mainly in content writing, usually within the various fields of Jewish studies. Access to HighBeam would undoubtedly prove useful for my work. [[User:Aviados|Aviados]] ([[User talk:Aviados|talk]]) 23:47, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Simon Burchell|Simon Burchell]]: Been around since 2006, but not really active until 2008, with 29,000 edits. 4 FAs and a dozen or so GAs. I also sporadically spend time on the Spanish wikipedia. I'm constantly frustrated by paywalls, and any extra resource would be a great help. I'm particularly active in WikiProjects Mesoamerica and Guatemala with the addition of new material. I do a lot of article assessment on WikiProject Mythology, I also write up the odd British archaeological site. [[User:Simon Burchell|Simon Burchell]] ([[User talk:Simon Burchell|talk]]) 23:59, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
# {{user|Peteforsyth}} Active Wikipedia editor since 2006, primarily on topics relating to the U.S. state of Oregon. I do a good deal of new Wikipedia editor outreach and outreach to cultural institutions as well. Access to the Highbeam database would be tremendously useful -- I frequently run into Highbeam abstracts and am frustrated by the inability to access the full article. The donation is greatly appreciated!! -[[User:Peteforsyth|Pete]] ([[User talk:Peteforsyth|talk]]) 00:05, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Goodvac|Goodvac]]: English Wikipedia, active since late 2007, 10,000+ edits. Involved in content creation and at the [[WP:RX|resource exchange]]. [[User:Goodvac|Goodvac]] ([[User talk:Goodvac|talk]]) 00:06, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Brianboulton|Brianboulton]] Active since September 2007, about 50,000 edits, 56 Featured Articles. Mainly music and opera, also literature, general biographies and polar exploration. Sometimes recent scholarly articles, newspaper reviews etc are hard to access, and this could be a considerable help. [[User:Brianboulton|Brianboulton]] ([[User talk:Brianboulton|talk]]) 00:49, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#{{user|Smallman12q}}: English wikipedia, active since 2009, ~10,000 edits. Involved in article creation and expansion. [[User:Smallman12q|Smallman12q]] ([[User talk:Smallman12q|talk]]) 01:01, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#{{user|Peter.C}} English Wikipedia. I am a student and recently I have had no time to have to go bury through sources to go and find proper articles to help me develop emergency medicine articles. As a high school student I do not have access to many good sources for what I need. At the moment I have 5000+ edits. [[User:Peter.C|'''Peter.C''']]{{•}}[[User talk:Peter.C|talk]]{{•}}[[Special:Contributions/Peter.C|contribs]] 01:10, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Cindamuse|Cindamuse]]: Active on en.wp two+ years with over 20,000 edits. Involved in article creation, verification, referencing, and expansion. Access to HighBeam would be valuable in my work on Wikipedia. Thanks! Best regards, [[User:Cindamuse|Cind.]][[User talk:Cindamuse#top|amuse]] (Cindy) 01:23, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:GorillaWarfare]]: Active on the English Wikipedia for over two years with almost 20,000 edits. I do a lot of maintenance work, but I find paid databases to be extremely useful when I do content work. I don't have access to HighBeam through my uni, so it would be quite nice! I don't work in any specific area, but I have two GAs, and am working on making one a FA. – [[User:GorillaWarfare|GorillaWarfare]] [[User talk:GorillaWarfare|(talk)]] 02:37, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Laser brain|Laser brain]]: English Wikipedia, active since 2008, 9,000+ edits. Active in Featured Article review process, and in article creation and expansion. --[[User:Laser_brain|'''Laser brain''']] [[User_talk:Laser_brain|(talk)]] 02:51, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Grapple X|Grapple X]]—active since October 2010 (~17 months), over 8,000 edits in this time. Active in content generation and improvement (60 GA-class articles, 1 FA, 1 FL at time of application). Would make use of newspaper archives mainly for the review history of film and television topics, though use of such a tool would probably light a fire under my ass to research more "important" topics as well. [[User:Grapple X|'''GRAPPLE''']] [[User talk:Grapple X|'''X''']] 02:55, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Wizardman|Wizardman]] - October since 2006 on English wikipedia, 100,000+ edits, several featured and good articles, Highbeam would be able to help me write more of them. [[User:Wizardman|'''''Wizardman''''']] [[User:Wizardman/Operation Big Bear|Operation Big Bear]] 03:18, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Carrite|Carrite]] ([[User talk:Carrite|talk]]) 03:42, 18 March 2012 (UTC) - I'm a content writer with about 30K edits and over 160 significant starts and can use the resource.
#[[User:Imzadi1979|Imzadi1979]]. Active in the [[WP:USRD|U.S. Roads WikiProject]] on the English Wikipedia in addition to its sister projects with 10 FAs and 133 GAs in my almost 54,00 edits since October 2005. My intent is to continue to research the histories of various US highways and I could assist the rest of the project obtain articles. '''[[User:Imzadi1979|Imzadi 1979]] [[User talk:Imzadi1979|<big>→</big>]]''' 04:22, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Johnbod|Johnbod]], 10 FAs, 189 DYks & 99k edits on en:wp since 2006. Most on art & art history, so I would mostly be interested in journals like [[The Art Bulletin]], which I'm delighted to see HighBeam carry. [[User:Johnbod|Johnbod]] ([[User talk:Johnbod|talk]]) 04:50, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Noleander|Noleander]] 2 FAs; 4 GAs; 21,000 edits; 5+ years; primarily a content creator. --[[User:Noleander|Noleander]] ([[User talk:Noleander|talk]]) 04:58, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Carcharoth|Carcharoth]]. 7+ years experience, c.60,000 edits (with c.15,000 article edits). Content-related work (creation, expansion, verification, article review processes) where access to Highbeam would be useful. Topics I have worked on and intend to work on in the future include the history of science, medicine and technology, and World War I. [[User:Carcharoth|Carcharoth]] ([[User talk:Carcharoth|talk]]) 05:01, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Orlady|Orlady]]. American; editor in the English Wikipedia since 2004; active since 2006; currently administrator; well over 60,000 total edits. Most of my work is in creation and improvement of content in a diverse variety of topical areas, mostly related to current topics or the last couple of centuries -- roughly corresponding to the period covered by HighBeam archives. I don't have access to any university libraries and my access to paywall-protected Internet content is rather limited, but I am skilled at locating information on the free Internet. I have found archived articles from newspapers and magazines published in the last two centuries to be valuable resources for research, particularly in the subject areas of history, politics, biography, and business. Access to HighBeam resources would definitely increase the stature of the sources I use, as I would have less need to rely on articles from small-city local newspapers that happen to have been archived at Google Books. --[[User:Orlady|Orlady]] ([[User talk:Orlady|talk]]) 05:36, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Theleftorium|Theleftorium]] - written 130+ GAs and 4 FAs, and made 30,000+ edits over the past 4 years. I'm an administrator but I mostly write articles. HighBeam would be very useful for me. [[User:Theleftorium|Theleftorium]] [[User talk:Theleftorium|(talk)]] 10:16, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Cwmhiraeth|Cwmhiraeth]] - I have been with the English Wikipedia since late 2010 and create articles on animals and plants. I often find myself frustrated by not being able to access articles from scientific journals. [[User:Cwmhiraeth|Cwmhiraeth]] ([[User talk:Cwmhiraeth|talk]]) 11:27, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Fæ|Fæ]] - c.73,000 edits to the English Wikipedia over the last 2 years and 88,000+ globally with a further 21,000 by [[Commons:User:Faebot|Faebot]]. I have been available as a direct contact on [[WP:REX]] for over a year ('''I would encourage more people to put their names there if they want to help with sourcing and verification''') and regularly check things up for others using the British Library as I am the point of contact for the GLAM programme there (as well as other UK institutions). Oh, forgot to mention I'm an Admin on Wikipedia and an OTRS volunteer and sometimes checking sources is relevant for some issues that come in to Wikimedia by email. --[[User:Fæ|Fæ]] ([[User talk:Fæ|talk]]) 12:26, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:AshLin|AshLin]] - I'm coordinator for WikiProject India. 22K edits, 4 GAS, 18 DYKs. I'm working on India-related articles on History, military history & biodiversity. My greatest need is quality refs in areas where Indo-Pak conflict issues arise. [[User:AshLin|AshLin]] ([[User talk:AshLin|talk]]) 13:37, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Moonriddengirl|Moonriddengirl]] [[User talk:Moonriddengirl|(talk)]] - Pushing five years on Wikipedia. 113,913 live and deleted edits combined. While I do create articles when I can (not often), I would primarily use the resource for copyright cleanup.
# [[User:Fang Aili|Fang Aili]] [[User talk:Fang Aili|talk]] - English Wikipedia since 2005, ~24K edits, I was one of the most active sysops for a time. I have done some content work, but these days I would mainly use the access to find sources for BLPs and other articles I ran into while doing cleanup. --[[User:Fang Aili|Fang Aili]] [[User talk:Fang Aili|talk]] 15:03, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Modernist|Modernist]] – English Wikipedia since 2006, nearly 6 years, 72K+ edits, 9 FA, 3 GA, mostly content on the Visual arts and culture related articles. [[User:Modernist|Modernist]] ([[User talk:Modernist|talk]]) 15:54, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:FormerIP|FormerIP]]. 9,614 edits (plus one in just a second) and about 2,000 before that as an IP, over the last 4 years or so. I do regular content creation, particularly fixing unreferenced biographies (although there's less of that to do now) and preparing articles for [[WP:ITN]], which can include adding a lot of background and fixing general problems as well as updating the news-y bit. On my to do list at the moment is improving some articles to do with linguistics and the Sex Pistols (as two separate topics, if you were wondering). [[User:FormerIP|FormerIP]] ([[User talk:FormerIP|talk]]) 15:56, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ceoil]] - En Wiki since 2006; 60k edits, 20 FAs and another 15 odd FAR saves. Mostly art history, but also lith and popular music. Spend a significant amount time each week tracking down sources, old books, journal articles etc. [[User:Ceoil|Ceoil]] ([[User talk:Ceoil|talk]]) 16:09, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:GrahamColm|Graham Colm]]– Coming up to 5 years with 14,967 edits and 4 FAs. I work mainly on virology articles and I'm a FAC delegate. [[User:GrahamColm|Graham Colm]] ([[User talk:GrahamColm|talk]]) 16:29, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Truthkeeper88|Truthkeeper88]] - En wikipedia with about 39,000 edits, 9 FAs and others in the works, mainly in the area of literature. I beg and borrow sources, and buy books, pay large library fines. Anything to help sources be more accessible would be welcome. [[User:Truthkeeper88|Truthkeeper]] ([[User talk:Truthkeeper88|talk]]) 16:54, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Yngvadottir|Yngvadottir]] Primarily en.wikipedia - created one page on de.wikipedia but the comments on my German were scathing so I have returned to just gnoming on other Wikipedias ... Editor since July 2, 2008, 8,000+ edits, by my own count I've created 100 pages and I also do a lot of page expansions (including attempting to save articles at AfD). I'm extremely eclectic, except that I am not qualified to do much that's scientific/technical. I don't have access to any online archives through my local library and have no academic library affiliation, so I could really use help seeing newspaper articles. [[User:Yngvadottir|Yngvadottir]] ([[User talk:Yngvadottir|talk]]) 17:49, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Factumquintus|Factumquintus]] - Editor since 2004 and sysop since 2005 on German WP; mentor since 2009; ~24 500 edits de; ~32 000 edits global; topics: mostly biology -[[User:Factumquintus|Factumquintus]] ([[User talk:Factumquintus|talk]]) 18:30, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ermanon]]: Italian wikipedia, since 2006, editing (25000+) mostly in geography and administrative divisions. I'm active on edits verification and peer reviewing. --[[User:Ermanon|Ermanon]] ([[User talk:Ermanon|talk]]) 19:16, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:CheepnisAroma|CheepnisAroma]] French wikipedia, with over 26,000 contributions. Very eclectic (history, geography, sciences, fixing links, disambiguation, spelling corrections). A HighBeam account would be more than useful for me. [[User:CheepnisAroma|CheepnisAroma]] ([[User talk:CheepnisAroma|talk]]) 19:32, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Alpha Quadrant]] - Editor since 2010, 42,000 edits. I primarily work at [[WP:AFC|Articles for Creation]] and I typically write articles on United States organizations related articles. Often times, articles in this area are behind paywalls. [[User:Alpha Quadrant|Alpha_Quadrant]] [[User talk:Alpha Quadrant|(talk)]] 20:02, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Cheveri]] - Editor at es.wiki, where I am also an administrator. I usually review GA, and have also written four of them from the begining.I spend an important part of my time here on countervandalism duties, in addition to some improvements for already existing articles. Registered since 2005 and about 15000 edits. [[User:Cheveri|Cheveri]] ([[User talk:Cheveri|talk]]) 20:16, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Shakehandsman]] - Editor on English Wikipedia since 2006, 10,000+ edits, most of which involved content creation or trying to add refs to existing content. I work on BLPs, crime articles, sports, politics, quite a variety of subjects really and access to Highbeam would allow me to get more work done. I intend to continue editing my content generation and referencing work well into the future.--[[User:Shakehandsman|Shakehandsman]] ([[User talk:Shakehandsman|talk]]) 21:10, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Bay Area Native]] - I've been editing for 5 years, focused on current news events, including articles relating to the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] as well as current [[LGBT]] issues and notable media figures. My watchlist is extensive, monitoring vandalism-vulnerable articles on sensitive topics. Access to HighBeam would greatly enhance my refinement on the articles in my watchlist. [[User:Bay Area Native|Bay Area Native]] ([[User talk:Bay Area Native|talk]]) 21:34, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Yomangani]] - I meet the criteria; if the accounts are to be "given on a random basis to all who meet the basic qualifications" if over-subscribed, I don't see any need to provide a candidate statement. [[User:Yomangani|Yomangani]][[User_talk:Yomangani|talk]] 23:41, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Pequod76]] - I've been editing for almost 5 years, mostly on the Wikipedia in Italian. I focused on and added referenced contents to linguistics, ancient history, music and literature related articles, with almost 50.000 edits on it.wiki ([[:it:Utente:Pequod76/Fedina|my record]] there). Access to HighBeam would be good for my referenced editing. --[[User:Pequod76|Pequod76]] ([[User talk:Pequod76|talk-ita.esp.eng]]) 01:22, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Milowent]] - Active on Wikipedia for 2.5 years, over 10,000 edits. Active on [[Wikipedia:Article Rescue Squadron]], also work on sourcing BLPs and founded [[Wikipedia:Unreferenced BLP Rescue]]. Plan on continuing same work, I do not have free or other access to Highbeam; I have cited highbeam before when people have helped me get a copy of an article for sourcing something.--'''[[User:Milowent|Milowent]]''' • [[Special:Contributions/Milowent|has]][[User talk:Milowent|spoken]] 01:24, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Andreasmperu]] - Active at [[:es:Usuaria:Andreasmperu|es.wiki]] since 2008 (around 59.000 edits), also with more than 1.000 edits at enwiki. [[User:Andreasmperu|Andreasm]] [[User talk:Andreasmperu|just talk to me]] 02:29, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Fixertool]] - Active at [[:es:Usuaria:Fixertool|es.wiki]] since 2006 (around 13750 edits), mainly focused in literature and history. One good article.--[[User:Fixertool|Fixertool]] ([[User talk:Fixertool|talk]]) 08:19, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Symposiarch|Symposiarch]] ([[User talk:Symposiarch|talk]]) 10:07, 19 March 2012 (UTC) mainly German Wikipedia, but also French + English WP, active since 2005, ~21,831 edits de, Total edits (including deleted): 8,778 @ fr, 2,671 @ en; no good and no featured articles, topics (mainly) history, especially local/german history, biographies, German wine, local plants, project Metz, african elections and politicians
# [[User:Ealdgyth]]. Active with medieval history, equine. 60,000+ edits, a number of FAs and GAs. Continuing work on improving coverage of medieval topics as well as horse subjects.
# [[User:Antandrus|Antandrus ]] [[User_talk:Antandrus|(talk)]]. Active in many fields (music history, energy, geography, geology, and a few others); have written over 630 articles from scratch; approximately 100,000 edits; eight years of history; admin for seven. I've bumped into HighBeam's paywall many times, particularly while writing articles on the petroleum industry.
# [[User:Patrickneil]] Seven years of editing, 15,000+ edits, with 3 FAs and more GAs, mostly history, international relations, and geography topics. With HighBeam, its mostly tracking down newspaper articles from 10+ years ago, that have otherwise disappeared from the web.-- [[User:Patrickneil|Patrick]], [[User talk:Patrickneil|oѺ∞]] 17:39, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Taty2007]] - Active at [[:es:Usuaria:Taty2007|es.wiki]] since 2008 with approximately 25.921 edits. I am an admim at es.wiki and have contributed in several good and feature articles, as well as creating articles related to art and history. I constantly search information in books and newspaper articles that require subscription such as Oxford databases and Access World News. As an active member of Wikipedia I will continue using these research tools and resources. [[User:Taty2007|Taty2007]] ([[User talk:Taty2007|talk]]) 18:10, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Gary King]] – Content contributor. Haven't been as active lately as I used to be, but still working on a few articles off-wiki. [[User:Gary King|Gary King]] ([[User talk:Gary King|talk]] · [[User:Gary King/Scripts|scripts]]) 19:13, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ravpapa]] seven years or so, thousands of edits, mostly in the areas of classical music and the Middle East.--[[User:Ravpapa|Ravpapa]] ([[User talk:Ravpapa|talk]]) 19:36, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Julius1990]]. User on de.wiki since 2005 with 33.000+ edits. So far 15 articles that are rated excellent or good articles. My topics are art history, sports, cinema, latin america, history. [[User:Julius1990|Julius1990]] ([[User talk:Julius1990|talk]]) 19:49, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:JayJasper]]. Wikipedia editor for over 5 yrs., with more than 25,000 edits. Fields of interest and editing activity include current events, politics, US history, law, literature, sports, music, among others. Experience with creation, expansion, research and sourcing of content.--[[User:JayJasper|JayJasper]] ([[User talk:JayJasper|talk]]) 20:25, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:GuillaumeTell]]. Based in England. Active on English Wikipedia since December 2005, over 13,000 edits (it could be a lot more, but I'm always pressing the Show Preview button), member of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Opera|WikiProject Opera]] and [[WP:WikiProject Shakespeare|WikiProject Shakespeare]]. Also interested in a wide range of other subjects, especially architecture and local history. Some experience in Peer Reviews and FAC, c3000 articles on my Watchlist. --[[User:GuillaumeTell|'''Guillaume''']][[User talk:GuillaumeTell|''Tell'']] 22:51, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:SarahStierch]] Wikimedia Foundation Community Fellow, active in WP:Feminism, Visual Arts, Women's History. I'm the Wikipedian in Residence at the Smithsonian Institution going on one year. Feel free to visit my userpage to review my resume and bio! I often run into HighBeam articles, especially about women artists, and I'd love to help improve coverage about those artists and other women with HighBeam. [[User:SarahStierch|Sarah]] ([[User talk:SarahStierch|talk]]) 23:07, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Buckshot06]] English, French wikipedias. I focus on military subjects that are not well covered by Wikipedia's systemic bias - thus Africa, Asia especially. I would very much like access to a HighBeam account to improve coverage and sourcing. [[User:Buckshot06|Buckshot06]] [[User_talk:Buckshot06|(talk)]] 00:40, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[:it:User:Archeologo|Archeologo]]. User on Italian Wikipedia since 2006, 6+ years experience. I currently work mostly on archaeology and heritage pages, and accessing to Highbeam would be definitely useful. --[[User:Archeologo|Archeologo]] ([[User talk:Archeologo|talk]]) 02:02, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Gadfium]]. Editor on English Wikipedia since 2004, admin since 2005, 90 thousand edits. Have created hundreds of articles, and frequently add references to other people's additions. I frequently find HighBeam a useful source of references, but am unable to read the full articles.-[[User talk:gadfium|gadfium]] 03:37, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# {{User2|Moroboshi}}. Editor on it.wikipedia for over 5 years, with over 15k edit on ns0. Im mainly active on game and game publisher articles, mainly with translation from en.wiki, but I like to expand the articles and to add source when they are missing.--[[User:Moroboshi|Moroboshi]] ([[User talk:Moroboshi|talk]]) 06:44, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Tom Morris]]. Admin on en.wikipedia and en.wikinews. I've written a number of DYKs and helped fact-check articles and check up on references on mostly academic topics, primarily philosophy and a few other humanities topics. It'd be useful to have HighBeam access for a variety of sources related to medical history, current affairs, humanities and so on in order to help write new DYKs, and to improve existing articles on topics of interest. —[[User:Tom Morris|Tom Morris]] ([[User talk:Tom Morris|talk]]) 10:54, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Graham87]]. I've an admin who has been editing Wikipedia for seven years. I primarily write content about music (both classical and popular) and, more recently, about the Australian Paralympic movement. Because I use a [[screen reader]], I find it difficult to access Google Books and the Google News Archive, so having a free high-quality corpus of full texts would be especially useful to me. '''[[User:Graham87|Graham]]'''[[User talk:Graham87|87]] 12:06, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Qoan|Qoan]]. Editor mainly on Spanish and Catalan wikipedia since 2006, I'm Patroller in ES-wiki. I've created hundreds of articles, mainly on Geography, History and Languages and I've contributed by increasing information and adding sources to thousands other articles on these fields. Access to high-quality reliable sources would be of inmeasurable value for me. '''[[User:Qoan|Qoan]]''' ([[User talk:Qoan|say it!]]) 13:56, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Eclipsed]] - English Wikipedia. I contribute under a declared COI on various subjects. 6000+ edits, started in 2005. Intentions for improving articles. [[User:Eclipsed|Eclipsed]]   [[User talk:Eclipsed|(talk)]]   [[User:Eclipsed/COI Declaration|(COI Declaration)]]   13:59, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Tchoř]] – active mainly on cs.wikipedia: 20 thousands edits since 2008. I believe I would use the access for verification, referencing and resolving content disputes.--[[User:Tchoř|Tchoř]] ([[User talk:Tchoř|talk]]) 16:11, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Silver seren]] - English Wikipedia. I have a wide range of subjects I work on, 2 GAs, 42 DYKs, and 67 articles total, over 18,000 edits, and active since 2006. This will prove very useful in all of my source gathering for improving AfDs and writing articles in general. [[User:Silver seren|Silver]][[User talk:Silver seren|seren]][[Special:Contributions/Silver seren|C]] 16:35, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:John Broughton]] - English Wikipedia. I have more than 25,000 edits, active since August 2005. I'm the author of ''Wikipedia: The Missing Manual''. -- [[User:John Broughton|John Broughton]] [[User talk:John Broughton |(♫♫)]] 17:27, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:We hope]]-Here 2+ years with 32,000+ edits. Editing a variety of topics, including bios and veterinary medicine. Was an avid user of Google News Archive for this until they abandoned the project and also cut the search capabilities of their database at the same time. [[User:We hope|We hope]] ([[User talk:We hope|talk]]) 17:33, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Miyagawa]] - 3+ years, around 24,000 edits on the English language Wikipedia. 8 FLs, 39 GAs and 164 DYKs. Would be primarily looking to use the newspaper archives for content generation as I have access to some British newspaper archives through my library but it would be wonderful to have access to some of the American ones too. [[User:Miyagawa|Miyagawa]] [[User talk:Miyagawa|(talk)]] 18:46, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:ErrantX]] - ~2 years, 16,000 edits. My interests tend to be biographies, WW2 and current events, but I dabble all over. Archive access would provide a whole lot more source material for my article work :) --'''[[user:ErrantX|Errant]]''' ([[User_talk:ErrantX|chat!]]) 19:06, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Chrishmt0423]] - English Wikipedia. 5+ years, 40,000+ edits. 51 FLs. I mainly edit NBA articles. Archive access would help to verify facts.—[[User:Chrishmt0423|Chris!]][[Special:Contributions/Chrishmt0423|c]]/[[User talk:Chrishmt0423|t]] 19:17, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Valfontis|Valfontis]] ([[User talk:Valfontis|talk]]) Admin on English Wikipedia. Over 6 years experience and over 60,000 edits. e-mail is enabled. I create content, and do expansion, verification, rescue and clean up. I don't have access to HighBeam through my local library. Access to HighBeam would help me in my work--the snippet views often tantalize with hints of a subject's notability, but usually can't be used as reliable sources without checking the full article. I believe strongly in providing full citations and will adhere to the usage suggestions. Thanks for the opportunity! [[User:Valfontis|Valfontis]] ([[User talk:Valfontis|talk]]) 19:39, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:28bytes|28bytes]] ([[User talk:28bytes|talk]]): Admin on English Wikipedia; editing since 2006, 18,000 edits so far. I've created just under 100 articles so far, with plans for many more. [[User:28bytes|28bytes]] ([[User talk:28bytes|talk]]) 19:50, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Mazbln|Mazbln]] ([[User talk:Mazbln|talk]]) - (Mainly) German Wikipedia, active since 2004, about 50,000 edits, admin. I would use the access for research in regard of the Balkan conflicts of the 90ies to verify articles and to solve edit wars. --[[User:Mazbln|Mazbln]] ([[User talk:Mazbln|talk]]) 19:55, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Jrcla2]]. Over 5+ years as registered user, 91,000+ manual edits, 735 article creations, 97 DYK credits. I create new articles on historically and modern-day notable college basketball players. I frequently need archived articles to help beef up content but have trouble doing so, thus a HighBeam account would be ''tremendously'' helpful. [[User:Jrcla2|Jrcla2]] ([[User talk:Jrcla2|talk]]) 20:01, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:The Rambling Man]] - Nearly 7 years here, 70,000+ edits, sysop, 'crat, featured list director, 50+ featured credits (FA + FL). This kind of freedom to access info would be invaluable on a daily basis. [[User:The Rambling Man|The Rambling Man]] ([[User talk:The Rambling Man|talk]]) 20:11, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Dirtlawyer1]]. Over 41,000 manual edits to English Wikipedia in three years on Wikipedia. I work to improve college sports articles, including teams, athletes and coaches. Access to a HighBeam account would be extremely helpful for adding sourced footnotes for newspapers, magazines and other publications not availble through Google News Archive or not otherwise available online. [[User:Dirtlawyer1|Dirtlawyer1]] ([[User talk:Dirtlawyer1|talk]]) 20:13, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Eagles247]]. English Wikipedia. Been an editor for almost three years with about 40,000 edits to mainly National Football League and college football-related articles. '''[[User:Eagles247|Eagles]]''' '''[[User talk:Eagles247|24/7]]''' [[Special:Contributions/Eagles247|(C)]] 20:45, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Lemonade51]] English Wikipedia. Have made over 3k edits since 2005 as I contributed subtly for the first few years. Help out referencing football articles and from time to time television programmes. A Highbeam account would be highly beneficial in finding articles published by newspapers pre-1998 on the internet in order to beef up content and double check information. -- [[User:Lemonade51|Lemonade51]] ([[User talk:Lemonade51|talk]]) 21:01, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Colin]]. Over 6 years on English Wikipedia with 10k+ edits. I create, edit and review mainly medical articles. Also some people-lists for which newspaper sources are very useful. [[User:Colin|Colin]]°[[User talk:Colin|Talk]] 21:03, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:wtshymanski]]. English Wikipedia, and some photos and diagrams on Commons; about 29000 edits in article space since 2005. I have been adding references and expanding text in articles relating to electrical engineering and history of electrotechnology.--[[User:Wtshymanski|Wtshymanski]] ([[User talk:Wtshymanski|talk]]) 21:06, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:César]] German Wikipedia. Nearly 70000 edits there in almost seven years. Hundreds of articles – mainly about people in film and television history, several German DYK credits, six good articles (however all from 2005/06). --[[User:César|César]] ([[User talk:César|talk]]) 21:38, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Little Mountain 5]]. Over four years and 19,000 edits on the English Wikipedia, with quite a bit of content creation and expansion, verification, and referencing. I mainly work on [[WP:ORE|Oregon]] and [[WP:RIVER|river]] related articles. I also have a [[WP:CREDO|Credo]] account. Thanks! '''''[[User:Little Mountain 5|Little]][[User talk:Little Mountain 5|Mountain]][[Special:Contributions/Little Mountain 5|5]]''''' 22:18, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Er Cicero|Er Cicero]]: Italian Wikipedia. >14.000 global edits since September 2008, working mostly in Ancient Rome and occasionally in other fields. I got a credo account in 2011. [[User:Er Cicero|Er Cicero]] ([[User talk:Er Cicero|talk]]) 22:46, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Cassianto]] - I have been an active editor on the English Wikipedia for two and a half years and have nearly 4,000 edits. I mainly edit biographies on those who were prominent within the English music hall and Edwardian theatre era, for which I have contributed on both GA's and FA's. -- [[User:Cassianto|Cassianto]] ([[User talk:Cassianto|talk]]) 22:54, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:JuneGloom07]]. I have been an editor on the English Wikipedia for five years, and have accumulated nearly 26,000 edits. I mainly edit articles on soap operas and fictional characters, though I do venture into film articles and BLPs. I have contributed to a number of DYK's, GA's and FL's. - [[User:JuneGloom07|'''JuneGloom''']] [[User_Talk:JuneGloom07|Talk]] 23:29, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Rikster2]]. Wikipedia editor since 2006. I work mostly on historical and current event articles about basketball and particularly college basketball. Very active editor for [[Wikipedia:WikiProject College Basketball|WP:College Basketball]] [[User:Rikster2|Rikster2]] ([[User talk:Rikster2|talk]]) 00:38, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Ian Rose|Ian Rose]]. Wikipedia editor since 2005; 29,000 edits; 30 Featured Articles; [[WP:FAC|FAC]] Delegate and Military History Wikiproject Coordinator. As writer, work mainly in military biographies but edits and reviews range across arts, technology and general history. Cheers, [[User:Ian Rose|Ian Rose]] ([[User talk:Ian Rose|talk]]) 00:57, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Aushulz|Aushulz]] I have an account from 3 years and 7 months. I have 79107 contributions in Wikimedia projects, mainly it.wikipedia (62232), it.wiktionary (7318), commons (5697), en.wikipedia (2141) and it.wikibooks (1065). My fields of interest are science and technology, expecially chemistry, physics and engineering. I wrote new articles and I have modified old ones, adding contents, references, bibliography, and so on. I think can be very useful for my wikipedian activity have access to HighBeam search engine. --[[User:Aushulz|Aushulz]] ([[User talk:Aushulz|talk]]) 01:34, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:EncMstr|EncMstr]] has been editing enwiki for 6 year 7 months 5 days and 34,000+ edits. I frequently search for citations for existing content, as well as expanded content. Often I find content which is not supported and remove it if it seems like it cannot be found, or tag it if I think someone with other sources could find a citation. This looks like an amazing resource for such work, especially to help minimize our [[WP:FUTON|FUTON bias]]. —[[user:EncMstr|EncMstr]] ([[user talk:EncMstr|talk]]) 02:28, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Paulmcdonald|Paulmcdonald]] Approximately 5 years editing experience, 25,000+ edits. I look for citations on college football articles and articles about the state of Kansas.--[[User:Paulmcdonald|Paul McDonald]] ([[User talk:Paulmcdonald|talk]]) 03:43, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Arxiloxos]] English Wikipedia, 3-1/2 years, 12,000 edits. I spend a lot of time looking for sources for both new and existing articles in a variety of areas, so full access to HighBeam would be very valuable. --[[User:Arxiloxos|Arxiloxos]] ([[User talk:Arxiloxos|talk]]) 04:57, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Omgosh30]]. English Wikipedia for 2 years. I have made extensive improvements to Italian football articles, but access to HighBeam would provide me with the means to add further value to my work. [[User:Omgosh30|''' Omg † ''']][[User talk:Omgosh30| osh ]] 11:55, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Paul MacDermott]]. English Wikipedia. 4 years experience, 41000 edits, content related work (creation, expansion, referencing). Topics include current events, media and biographies for which HighBeam access would be extremely useful. [[User:Paul MacDermott|Paul MacDermott]] ([[User talk:Paul MacDermott|talk]]) 12:42, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Number 57]]. English Wikipedia, six years experience, c. 57,000 edits. My main area of work is election and referendum articles, and have now probably started around 2,000 articles on them. Having access to the [http://www.highbeam.com/publications/political-science-journals-2042 Political Science journals] on Highbeam would be a particularly useful source of information (Google searches for the relevant info relating to certain elections have often led me to Highbeam snippets, but without full access). [[User:Number 57|Number]] [[User talk:Number 57|5]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|7]] 13:14, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Waldir]]. Mainly active in English Wikipedia, but also in [[meta:User:Waldir|several other Wikimedia projects]]. Editor for over 7 years now, with 14,000 edits. Administrator. Heavily focused in content work (creation, expansion, referencing), in topics I come across due to my academic work or random interest. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] [[User talk:Waldir|talk]] 14:01, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[:de:Benutzer:MSGrabia|User:MSGrabia (de)]]. German Wikipedia, 1,500+ edits (articles only) since 2005 in film and television. Articles, cleanup and helping others (including being an adopter in de.). I would use the access to research critical reception of movies. Find me at [[:de:Benutzer:MSGrabia|MSGrabia (de)]] [[:de:Benutzer Diskussion:MSGrabia|(talk)]].
#[[User:Acdixon]]. English Wikipedia and Commons. Editor since September 2006, admin since February 2011. 17,000+ edits. Have contributed to [[User:Acdixon/ArticleInfo|numerous pieces of recognized content (FAs, GAs, DYKs, etc)]], mostly related to the state of Kentucky. Would like to have access to sources on more recent politicians, especially governors, in my quixotic pursuit of a [[Wikipedia:Featured topics/Governors of Kentucky|Governors of Kentucky featured topic]]. [[User:Acdixon|Acdixon]] ([[User talk:Acdixon|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Acdixon|contribs]]) 14:19, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ktlynch]] Active since 2007 under a different account, this one since 2009, mostly English but also French. 10 GAs, in literature, film and general interest. Divide time between article writing and reviewing. Access to scholarly material would be very useful. --[[User:Ktlynch|Ktlynch]] ([[User talk:Ktlynch|talk]]) 14:36, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[:de:Benutzerin:Liesbeth Lass]] for my account [[:de:Benutzerin:Liesbeth]] (SUL was not possible any more). In de active since 2008, 11 000 edits. I was advised to aply after unsucessfully trying to verify [[:de:William Pearson (Bariton)]] but found http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4727890.html. I often work on biografies, obituaries would be helpfull. --[[User:Liesbeth Lass|Liesbeth Lass]] ([[User talk:Liesbeth Lass|talk]]) 15:06, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Cmadler]] Active since 2005, 11,500 edits on English Wikipedia (plus a few thousand more on other projects, particularly Commons and English Wikisource). This access would be mostly useful for work on sports history articles (particularly college football and college basketball) as well as articles related to Michigan and Kentucky. [[User:Cmadler|cmadler]] ([[User talk:Cmadler|talk]]) 15:32, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:JoJan]] English, Dutch, French, German Wikipedia + Commons . 8 years experience , a total of more than 86,000 edits, content-related work, especially relating to [[Gastropoda]] (content creation, expansion, verification, referencing) access to Highbeam will be very useful to read more than the abstracts and look beyond the paywall of scientific journals. [[User:JoJan|JoJan]] ([[User talk:JoJan|talk]]) 16:08, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Invertzoo]], Active since 2007, primarily on the English Wikipdia, over 63,000 edits, 6 GAs,content-related work, especially relating to the [[Gastropoda]] and also more recently the [[Bivalvia]]. My work includes content creation, expansion, verification, and referencing. Access to Highbeam would be extremely useful, allowing me to read more than just the abstracts of papers, and to see beyond the paywall of scientific journals. [[User:Invertzoo|Invertzoo]] ([[User talk:Invertzoo|talk]]) 17:58, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Shellnut]], I am a former marine biologist and a new editor active since October 2011, on the English Wikipdia, over 2,800 edits in just 5 months, primarily related to the taxonomy of [[Gastropoda]] and the [[Bivalvia]]. My work includes content creation, expansion, verification, and referencing. Access to Highbeam would be extremely useful, allowing me to read more than just the abstracts of papers, and to see beyond the paywall of scientific journals which I no longer have access to in my career. [[User:Shellnut|Shellnut]] ([[User talk:Shellnut|talk]]) 18:41, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Toohool]], editor since 2006, ~2k edits. Active in developing articles on casinos and the gaming industry. [[User:Toohool|Toohool]] ([[User talk:Toohool|talk]]) 22:21, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Trident13]], based Wales, UK, 78,000+ edits, active 5years 11months. Active within WikiProject Wales, Motorcycles and Railways, and I am also active in writing numerous Biographies across numerous sectors, including business, actors, news readers and sports (in excess of 250). I am particularly interested in how access to HighBeam could improve the quality of biographocal articles. With media paywalls now becoming more prevelant, and often many key points of verification of fact and background reliant on old newspapers and magazine articles, and yet with many publications continually reducing the time of storage of old articles, I believe that this trial could be invaluable in improving biographical article quality. Rgds, - [[User:Trident13|Trident13]] ([[User talk:Trident13|talk]]) 22:22, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Edison]] Over 41,000 live edits over past 7 years on English Wikipedia. Admin since September 2007. Email is authenticated. A High Beam account would be useful when I am finding references to improve articles up for deletion, in answering questions at the Reference Desk, and in creating new articles based on threads at the Reference Desk, as well as in my new article patrol activities, where I often add the needed references. I've created 26 articles (including 3 "Did You Know" articles), in addition to redirects and disambiguation pages. [[User:Edison|Edison]] ([[User talk:Edison|talk]]) 23:08, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:DeFaultRyan]]. Active contributor to highway and college sports articles. I've done a lot of digging to come up with historical information about highways, but frequently run into dead-ends that might be unresolvable without a lengthy trip to a transportation office. Access to a research account such as Highbeam's could greatly streamline the process of verifying historical transport information when free sources don't exist. [[User:DeFaultRyan|'''De''']][[User Talk:DeFaultRyan|'''Fault''']][[Special:Contributions/DeFaultRyan|'''Ryan''']] 02:19, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:VonTasha]]. French wikipedia. + 55K edits on fr.wiki; + 60K edits globally, in more than 6 years. Active in Botanic/Zoology project. I'd like to be able to read scientific publications beyond the abstract. [[User:VonTasha|VonTasha]] ([[User talk:VonTasha|talk]]) 04:48, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Sylenius]]. French Wikipedia, 17k edits since 2006. Contributor in computer science (computer vision, image processing) and classical music/jazz and main contributor of several featured articles. I lost access to paid scientific publications/journals since out of academia and unikely to get another access anytime soon. [[User:Sylenius|Sylenius]] ([[User talk:Sylenius|talk]]) 08:34, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Viriditas]]. User on English Wikipedia. Seven years, +107K edits with 44% in article space. Actively involved in verification and content creation. The only reason I'm requesting this is because I've tried to read and cite dozens of HighBeam articles within the last year, but I didn't have access. [[User:Viriditas|Viriditas]] ([[User talk:Viriditas|talk]]) 08:42, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Cplakidas]]. Active on English Wikipedia, secondarily Greek and German ones, since 2005. Over 65,000 edits, of which 70% in article space, 3 FAs, over 50 GAs. Active in Byzantine, modern Greek, Ottoman, Arab and Persian history. Especially eager for journal access.[[User:Cplakidas|Constantine]] [[User talk:Cplakidas| ✍ ]] 09:02, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:MathsPoetry]]. French Wikipedia, 15k edits since 2009. To be honest, most of them are orthographe corrections. Contributor in computer science, maths, and a bit of everything. Occasional edits on English, German, and Italian Wikipedia. [[User:MathsPoetry|MathsPoetry]] ([[User talk:MathsPoetry|talk]]) 10:40, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Mike Coppolano]] French Wikipedia. Contributor in American literature. [[User:Mike Coppolano|Mike Coppolano]] ([[User talk:Mike Coppolano|talk]]) 11:53, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Deuxtroy]] on French-language- Wikipedia; since 2006, via IP or user nickname, 3,000 edits under registered account, content-related work (creation, expansion, verification, article referencing and rescue) mainly (but non only) in economical fields. Could be useful when french references are not avalaible.
#[[User:Alexander Doria]]. French Wikipedia user with 9k edits since 2006. My contributions ranges mostly on classical music, greek philosophy (several featured articles), and politics. I refer frequently to online scientific articles, which I try to present in several projects (like [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Politique/Répertoire_des_ressources_en_ligne this one]). [[User:Alexander Doria|Alexander Doria]] ([[User talk:Alexander Doria|talk]]) 11:51, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Cherubino|Cherubino]] ([[User talk:Cherubino|talk]]) user since 2004 and administrator since 2009 in de:WP, mainly interessted in history, 20.000 edits. --
# [[User:Ling.Nut3]] see [[User:Ling.Nut]] & [[User:Ling.Nut2]]. User over five years, five FA articles, (Total edits including deleted: 36,045), recently returned to working on endangered languages but pop in from time to time to help out at [[WP:FAC]] etc. [[User:Ling.Nut3|Ling.Nut3]] ([[User talk:Ling.Nut3|talk]]) 12:08, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:ClemRutter|ClemRutter]]User over eight years, nudging 12K edits on English WP, and 16K on Commons. Working on content on eighteenth century industry and cleaning up articles that lack references or logic!
#[[User:Agamitsudo|Agamitsudo]], +30k edits on wp.fr since end of 2010. Interested in a HighBeam account to reference articles on wp.en. --[[User:Agamitsudo|Agamitsudo]] ([[User talk:Agamitsudo|talk]]) 13:15, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Deejayk|DeejayK]], English Wikipedia, over 10k edits since 2006. Active primarily with [[WP:NFL|NFL Project]] — [[User:Deejayk|DeeJayK]] ([[User talk:Deejayk|talk]]) 14:28, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Tom Reedy|Tom Reedy]]. Shakespeare and Early Modern lit and history, 4 1/2 years, 8,500+ edits. 47% content, 32% article talk, 10% WP/WP talk. Knowledgeable on WP policy, no blocks or topic bans. Every now and then I chime in on WP dispute board discussions or lend a disinterested hand to a contentious page. [[User:Tom Reedy|Tom Reedy]] ([[User talk:Tom Reedy|talk]]) 15:51, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Parrot of Doom]]. Count me in. I've written or made a significant contribution toward 27 featured articles and 26 good articles, mostly on historical subjects. I can always use more source material. [[User:Parrot of Doom|Parrot]] [[User talk:Parrot of Doom|of Doom]] 18:48, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Spinningspark]]. Strong content provider with a string of FAs and GAs to my name. Technology article bias often needs non-free content. Also intermittent sessions of article reviewing requires access for verification. '''[[User:Spinningspark|Spinning]][[User talk:Spinningspark|Spark''']]''' 20:34, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:MistyMorn]]. [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pcount/index.php?name=MistyMorn&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia Eligible] and would be grateful for the opportunity to access sources for content editing in fields such as classical music, literature, health research, etc. (no longer have free Highbeam access from work). —[[User:MistyMorn|MistyMorn]] ([[User talk:MistyMorn|talk]]) 23:04, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Spanglej]] Around 12k edits (80% on article content) over three years on English Wikipedia, mostly on articles concerning contemporary poets, referencing uncited articles, developing biographical and critical sections. [[User:Spanglej|Span]] ([[User talk:Spanglej|talk]]) 23:41, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Salsero35|Salsero35]] French Wikipedia. Contributor in science. [[User:Salsero35|Salsero35]] ([[User talk:Salsero35|talk]]) 23:48, 22 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Jklamo]] 5k edits on enwiki, 5k on cswiki. HighBeam access may be very useful mainly for my work on renewable energy and economy topics. --[[User:Jklamo|Jklamo]] ([[User talk:Jklamo|talk]]) 00:41, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Orygun]]. English Wikipedia editor since Nov 07. Write article on wide range of history topics including places, events, and biographies; Oregon geography entries; and military-related subjects. Have contributed ~5K edits including 135 substantial articles.--[[User:Orygun|Orygun]] ([[User talk:Orygun|talk]]) 02:34, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Bridies]]. I do content creation in -especially older- video game articles, where perhaps the only sources are old print magazines. I've used a HighBeam free trial in creating FAs and GAs and so would love full access. I've several years experience and several thousand edits. [[User:Bridies|bridies]] ([[User talk:Bridies|talk]]) 05:01, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:AroundTheGlobe]] - 9k+ edits on en.wiki (since 2006), 300+ images uploaded to Commons. 1 GA, 2 FL and 20 DYK contributions - I am hoping to contribute more FA/GA articles on Hinduism/Cricket/Aviation if I get more references. [[User:AroundTheGlobe|Around The Globe]][[User_talk:AroundTheGlobe|सत्यमेव जयते]] 05:20, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:DoriSmith]]. Wikipedian since 2005 with nearly 12K edits. I've wished I had this access numerous times as I've added references to articles, and I know it would really come in handy. [[User:DoriSmith|Dori]] ☾[[User talk:DoriSmith|Talk]] ⁘ [[Special:Contributions/DoriSmith|Contribs]]☽ 05:21, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Ruigeroeland]]. Wikipedian since April 2006 with 118,965 edits on English wikipedia and 1000s of uploads on commons. I am mainly working on creating and improving [[Lepidoptera]] articles. I would like an account to be able to access the biology related journals they have available. [[User:Ruigeroeland|Ruigeroeland]] ([[User talk:Ruigeroeland|talk]]) 11:31, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Lenka64|Lenka64]]. Czech Wikipedia, active since 2005, about 10,000 edits. Access could be useful for biografical references and cs-wikiquote.--[[User:Lenka64|Lenka64]] ([[User talk:Lenka64|talk]]) 11:50, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Canadian Paul|Canadian Paul]] 50k+ edits on the English Wikipedia across a wide variety of topics. Lost access to these kinds of resources after my master's and would love to have it again to help improve articles to GA status and beyond. [[User:Canadian Paul|Canadian]] [[User talk:Canadian Paul|Paul]] 15:08, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Beyond My Ken|Beyond My Ken]] here since 2005, close to 100k edits in total (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Beyond_My_Ken/My_history here]), about 100 articles created, lots of gnomish work including improving refs [[User:Beyond My Ken|Beyond My Ken]] ([[User talk:Beyond My Ken|talk]]) 18:33, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Alan Liefting|Alan Liefting]]. Been on English Wikipedia for eight years. Over 94,000 edits. I create and update environment and New Zealand related articles. See [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pages/index.php?name=Alan+Liefting&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects] for list of new articles (sort of). Am often frustrated with a lack of access to Highbeam pages. Main city library closed due to earthquake damage. -- [[User:Alan Liefting|Alan Liefting]] ([[User_talk:Alan_Liefting|talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Alan_Liefting|contribs]]) 19:46, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Bigturtle]]. c389 articles started, and 10,290 edits credited, since December 2005. Likes looking at other people's citations to see if they work or not, and coming up with better ones if possible (sometimes). Specializes: As little as possible, but look for articles about the geography of northern Michigan and the history of Antarctica. [[User:Bigturtle|Bigturtle]] ([[User talk:Bigturtle|talk]]) 05:23, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Bagumba]]. English Wikipedia. I have edited since 2008 with over 9,000 edits and 39 pages created. I am active in WikiProject National Basketball Association and WikiProject Baseball, and HighBeam access would aid in gathering sources beyond free online content for expansion and verification of existing articles and for creation of new articles. It's frustrating sometimes seeing relevant search results on Google but not having access to the paid content, especially older newspaper articles.—[[User:Bagumba|Bagumba]] ([[User talk:Bagumba|talk]]) 06:39, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Melirius]]. Russian Wikipedia. 7000+ edits since 2005. The project about FRINGE theories in Russian Wikipedia permanently needs reliable sources. --[[User:Melirius|Melirius]] ([[User talk:Melirius|talk]]) 13:45, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Shirt58]]. Works in en.wp.org mainly in the areas of literature, Australian history, invertebrate zoology, fine arts, classical and popular music, the various codes of football, biographies, cricket, law, and... pretty much everything else. 20 000 or so edits, 200 or so articles started, and references added to tidy many other articles. A lot of things I work on are behind pay-walls that would otherwise be accessible via HighBeam.--[[User:Shirt58|Shirt58]] ([[User talk:Shirt58|talk]]) 14:23, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Fetchcomms]], enwp, six GAs, 29 DYKs, [[User talk:Fetchcomms/To-Do|to-do list]]. '''/[[User:Fetchcomms|ƒETCH]][[User talk:Fetchcomms|COMMS]][[Special:Contributions/Fetchcomms|/]]''' 17:14, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
# Im interested in getting an highbeam account so i can continue my research into Tropical cyclones here on the EN WP.[[User:Jason Rees|Jason Rees]] ([[User talk:Jason Rees|talk]]) 18:39, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Demiurge1000]]. English Wikiepdia editor since June 2010, with over 11,000 edits. I regularly need access to paywalled (or similar) articles to expand or verify items in historical or BLP topics. --[[User:Demiurge1000|Demiurge1000]] ([[User_talk:Demiurge1000|talk]]) 19:26, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Teemeah]]. Hungarian Wikipedia and English Wikipedia. registered 7 years ago, have over 70 000 edits and 24 featured articles in huwiki, active patroller there, which envolves finding sources for unsourced/poorly sourced articles. Currently taking part in huwiki cleanup project that also involves research of good sources for unsourced articles. [[User:Teemeah|小龙 (Timish)]] [[Jay Chou|#]] [[User talk:Teemeah| xiǎolóng de xìnxiāng]] 21:06, 24 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Crazypaco]]. primarily English WIkipedia. 18,000+ edits and over 100 created articles since November 2006. Active in Wikiprojects for National Register of Historic Places, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Universities, College Football, College Basketball, and the University of Pittsburgh. I engage in content-related work (creation, expansion, verification, article rescue) and citation additions to articles where access to Highbeam would be useful. [[User:Crazypaco|CrazyPaco]] ([[User talk:Crazypaco|talk]]) 00:03, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Gede]]. I'm mainly active on French Wikipedia (where I'm a sysop), with [http://wikiscan.org/utilisateur/Gede more than 20 000 edits]. I write articles in social sciences, where I often use academic references that are covered by Highbeam. --[[User:Gede|Gede]] ([[User talk:Gede|talk]]) 09:18, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Cunard]]. English Wikipedia. Three [[Wikipedia:Good articles]] and 37 [[Wikipedia:Did you know]] articles. I have frequently come across subscription-needed Highbeam articles that could have aided me in my research. [[User:Cunard|Cunard]] ([[User talk:Cunard|talk]]) 10:51, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
#[http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA User:RotT], about [http://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?limit=1000&tagfilter=&title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA&contribs=user&target=%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA&namespace=0&tagfilter=&year=&month=-1 12k+ edits], 2.5 years of editing, about [http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA#.D7.A2.D7.A8.D7.9B.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.A9.D7.A0.D7.98.D7.9C.D7.AA.D7.99_.D7.97.D7.9C.D7.A7_.D7.A0.D7.9B.D7.91.D7.93_.D7.91.D7.9B.D7.AA.D7.99.D7.91.D7.AA.D7.9D_.D7.90.D7.95_.D7.91.D7.AA.D7.A8.D7.92.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.9D 150 articles] including [http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94 1 FA]. [http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%AA User:RotT] 11:58, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Patriarca12]]. Over 6,800 manual edits to English Wikipedia articles in five+ years on Wikipedia. Have worked to get numerous articles to both GA and FL in addition to 50+ DYKs. Access to a HighBeam account would be extremely helpful to help in the search for reliable sources not available through Google News Archive or other free internet sources. [[User:Patriarca12|Patriarca12]] ([[User talk:Patriarca12|talk]]) 17:26, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:FT2|FT2]]. Editor since 2004, 13,000+ manual edits, over 120 authored articles including 4 or 5 GAs and some DYKs, hundreds of articles significantly edited. Constantly involved in the kinds of article work that requires access to media sources - old biographies and historical matters, checking articles are comprehensive, and verifying and determining what facts are supported by sources. Researching these often end up at old newspaper archive pages, often only visible on Highbeam or other restricted viewing, so access would be extremely beneficial. Examples: 1940s dancer [[Rose Marie Magrill]], Diana's butler [[Paul Burrell]], 1940s history of the [[synchrotron]], the [[murder of Stephen Lawrence]] and the history of English murder law, the development of [[DDR4 SDRAM]] memory, the background and service history of BP's [[Deepwater Horizon]], significant legal cases such as [[Berghuis v. Thompkins]] and [[Hepting vs. AT&T]] (''[[User:FT2/Article_contributions|more]]''). Access would help and will be well used, suggested guidelines will be followed if granted :) [[user:FT2|FT2]] ([[User_talk:FT2|Talk]] | [[Special:Emailuser/FT2|email]]) 02:01, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Racso|Racso]]. Spanish Wikipedia. Sysop, bureaucrat. Bot operator. OTRS volunteer. About 14k edits. About 123 articles created. About 10 good articles redacted. Would use HighBeam access as an extra help when researching for developing articles (I think it could even encourage me to write about new topics). --[[User:Racso|Racso]] ([[User talk:Racso|talk]]) 02:09, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Rich Farmbrough]] en: Wikipeida mainly. Admin and botmeister. >>10k edits Highbeam would be a useful resource for referencing. ''[[User:Rich Farmbrough|Rich]] [[User talk:Rich Farmbrough|Farmbrough]]'', 06:56, 26 March 2012 (UTC). 
#[[User:Jezhotwells]]. en: Wikipedia; some contributions to es: Wikipedia; over 55,000 edits; 3.5 years editing; Bristol, Theatre; Rivers; Spain. Regular GA reviewer (just under 600 reviews), contributor to FAC, 19 GAs, 2 FAs; original content creator for Bristol, Spain; Rivers, theatre and other associated subjects. Have library access to LexisNexis but Highbeam covers different newspapers and journals. [[User:Jezhotwells|Jezhotwells]] ([[User talk:Jezhotwells|talk]]) 15:54, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Arnodino]]. French Wikipedia ([http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilisateur:Arnodino]). First contributor on dinosaur project. Contributions since 2007. In search for scientific publications. [[User:Arnodino|Arnodino]] ([[User talk:Arnodino|talk]]) 18:00, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Mwarf]]. French Wikipedia ([http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilisateur:Mwarf]). Contributing since 2006. I'm interested in many topics (politics, history, music, computer science…). While searching for reliable sources to improve articles in these domains using search engines, I have come across HighBeam several times. An account would be very helpful to me in such cases. [[User:Mwarf|Mwarf]] ([[User talk:Mwarf|talk]]) 18:26, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Delfort]]. +40.000 edits on it.wikipedia since 2006. HighBeam Research would very be useful to my work on verification and referencing biographies of sports people, historical sports events and history of sports. --[[User:Delfort|Delfort]] ([[User talk:Delfort|talk]]) 17:07, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:France3470]]. English Wikipedia. Editor since 2007; highly active since 2010. Have made 10,00+ edits primarily to mainspace; contributed [[Golondrina point|1 GA]], and 5 DYKs as well as created 40+ others. I frequently expand and add citations to articles and can see HighBeam being very useful for this.[[User:France3470|'''France'''''3470'']] [[User talk:France3470|(''talk'')]] 17:19, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Meowy]]. English Wikipedia, for 6 years (since April 2006) and with over 7300 edits: 40% being content generation and 40% being content discussion. The majority of these were on articles related to the Near East and Caucasus regions. I would be especially interested in using HighBeam to access specialist journal content related to the art, architecture and history of the Near East / Middle East / Caucasus, in particular the medieval period. This would be used for both content writing and verification. [[User:Meowy|'''Meowy''']] 20:22, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Wikisilki]]. Spanish Wikipedia. Around 30 000 edits since July 2008. I use to create or expand articles or biographies on art, literature and history issues, do sometimes reviews of GA and FA. I also have a Credo account. Thanks! [[User:Wikisilki|wiki]][[User_talk:Wikisilki|silki]] 01:02, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Kafka Liz]]. Registered user since 2007; over 8,000 edits in that time, with a focus on visual arts and history. 4 FAs to date, and could really use better access to sources. [[User:Kafka Liz|Kafka Liz]] ([[User talk:Kafka Liz|talk]]) 01:57, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[:de:User:Christian Stroppel|Christian Stroppel]] German Wikipedia. Registerd since Jul 2007; 1,261 edits; 44.01% being content generation an 13.80% being content discussion. I studied psychology and want to read original studies.--[[:de:User:Christian Stroppel|Christian Stroppel]] ([[:de:User talk:Christian Stroppel|talk]]) 08:43, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[:es:Usuario:Ecemaml|Ecemaml]] Spanish Wikipedia and Commons. Admin in both project. Almost 90,000 edits in the Spanish Wikipedia and significant contributions to, at least, five featured articles. --[[User:Ecemaml|Ecemaml]] ([[User talk:Ecemaml|talk]]) 09:22, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Josh Parris]]. Active on en, increasingly active on simple. 70 en articles created, and I'm finding myself doing a lot of citation work recently. Planning on doing a lot more citations in BLPs I've created or become entangled with. [[User_talk:Josh Parris|Josh Parris]] 11:10, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Coemgenus]], active on English Wikipedia with about 26,000 edits in 7 years, including 10 FAs and 2 FLs. I mostly work in history and biography. --[[User:Coemgenus|Coemgenus]] ([[User talk:Coemgenus|talk]]) 11:57, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Livitup]] Over 5k edits since 2005. I enjoy expanding stubs and wiki-gnoming, including {{t|refimprov}}ing, when possible. Very active with CSD, PROD, and AfD, where having access to high-quality sources would be a real benefit in getting things right. [[User:Livitup|Livit'''⇑''']][[User talk:Livitup|Eh?]]/[[Special:Contributions/Livitup|What?]] 05:19, 30 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:AndyTheGrump]] Eclectic editor on e.Wikipedia. 12,000+ edits, active since August 2010. I've often found myself wishing for a facility like this, and expect to make good use of it verifying sources, improving articles, and (when I finally think of a subject that hasn't already been written about) maybe even writing new ones. [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 21:41, 30 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Neatnik]]. 1,000+ edits on frwiki, 80% in the article namespace. Active since 2011. Mostly focused on music (artists biographies, record labels, etc). I'm creating/expanding and/or adding refs to those articles. I intend to continue and think an account would help. Presently I can't access Randy Newman's ''Playboy'' interview from 1987, for instance ([http://business.highbeam.com/137462/article-1G1-4618936/randy-newman-guide-life]), or this article on Kranky Records ([http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4528877.html]), etc. [[User:Neatnik|Neatnik]] ([[User talk:Neatnik|talk]]) 08:18, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Graeme Bartlett]]. Active since 2005 on en Wikipedia with over 40,000 edits. Created several hundred articles, and also frequently rescue from CSD by adding references. I will continue to write new content and rescue inadequately referenced material. HighBeam will greatly improve non-recent references. [[User:Graeme Bartlett|Graeme Bartlett]] ([[User talk:Graeme Bartlett|talk]]) 23:13, 31 March 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Antemister]] usually active in the German WP (about 9000 contribs), contributing to contemporary history and politics, expecially in the afro.asian region, a topic where access to such news media is really helpful--[[User:Antemister|Antemister]] ([[User talk:Antemister|talk]]) 07:38, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Epipelagic]] English Wikipedia with 44,000 edits over 6 years, 64 DYKs, contributing mainly to marine life --[[User:Epipelagic|Epipelagic]] ([[User talk:Epipelagic|talk]]) 13:30, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:Viswaprabha]] Most @ [[Malayalam]] & [[Sanskrit]] Wikipedia and Wiktionary Since 2005. [[User:Viswaprabha|ViswaPrabha വിശ്വപ്രഭ]] ([[User talk:Viswaprabha|talk]]) 14:45, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Dry Martini|Dry Martini]], 4500+ edits on it.wikipedia (active since April 2009), active in RC patrolling and welcoming new users. I would use the account to check information during patrolling, to get references for new articles (I also do that, yes ;-) ) and to retrieve references for the Reference recovery project on it.wiki. --[[User:Dry Martini|Dry Martini]] ([[User talk:Dry Martini|talk]]) 16:43, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Cloudz679]]. English Wikipedia, 25,000+ edits over a period of more than five years. Lots of recent work on dead link cleanup. Main areas of contribution to articles with connections to association football and the Czech Republic. Although I do more fact-checking than content creation, I have created some DYK articles as well. Led a [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Football#FA class articles needing dead link cleanup|cleanup drive for FA-class articles]] at WikiProject Football recently, would love this opportunity to be able to do some more. [[User:Cloudz679|Cloudz]][[:User talk:Cloudz679|679]] 20:21, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Literaturegeek]]. I have more than 23,000 edits to wikipedia; I mostly contribute to pharmacology and medical articles. I have worked and successfully brought 3 articles to Good Article status on wikipedia. My biggest hindrance to editing wikipedia is gaining access to full text papers/articles and I often am restricted to utilising abstracts. I was very excited to hear about this offer from HighBeam and I would be grateful to be given access to HighBeam for free.--[[User:Literaturegeek|Literaturegeek]] | [[User_talk:Literaturegeek |''T@1k?'']] 21:15, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|WhatamIdoing}} >59,000 edits so far, and it seems that I've [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pages/index.php?name=WhatamIdoing&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects created 45 articles]. My interests are mostly medicine-related, but I'm also interested in several odd articles like [[Rudeness]] and [[Cupcake]], and I also participate at several noticeboards, including [[WP:Reliable sources/Noticeboard]]. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 22:39, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Zagalejo}} I've been here since 2005, and have made over 58,000 edits. I have hundreds of BLPs on my watchlist, so this will be helpful for fact-checking/maintenance. [[User: Zagalejo|Zagalejo]]'''[[User talk:Zagalejo|^^^]]''' 02:33, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Hildanknight}} I have written 9 GAs on Singapore-related topics and with HighBeam, would be able to write many more, to help [[WP:CSB|counter systemic bias]]! --[[User:Hildanknight|J.L.W.S. The Special One]] ([[User talk:Hildanknight|talk]]) 14:18, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|GRuban}} - 7 years on EN, created dozens of articles, active on reliable sources noticeboard. --[[User:GRuban|GRuban]] ([[User talk:GRuban|talk]]) 18:17, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Michig}} Administrator. Over seven years of editing, with more than 35,000 edits. More than 500 articles created, many more rescued and improved. Added sources to over 700 unsourced BLPs in the improvement drive (dealt with around 1,000 in total, each one requiring an evaluation of available coverage). Track record in searching for sources and using them effectively to improve the encyclopedia. Active at AfD where the ability to see the articles behind the Highbeam paywall would be a tremendous help. --[[User:Michig|Michig]] ([[User talk:Michig|talk]]) 20:31, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Beeblebrox}} 57,000 edits, been doing too much admin work, looking to get back into improving content related to my adopted home state of Alaska and other areas I have an interest in. Wife doesn't want me spending any money on WP so this is the only way I'm getting behind the paywall. [[User:Beeblebrox|Beeblebrox]] ([[User talk:Beeblebrox|talk]]) 20:36, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Collect}} Over 22,000 edits, with especial concern about claims made in biographies where sources are used which are not readily verifiable. [[User:Collect|Collect]] ([[User talk:Collect|talk]]) 20:46, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Ponyo}} English Wikipedia admin with over 5 years experience and 38,000 edits. I mainly working on BLP articles and attempt to add better sourcing to biography articles. Access to the HighBeam database would be extremely useful with regard to my editing activities. --[[User:Ponyo|''Jezebel's''Ponyo]][[User_talk:Ponyo|''bons mots'']] 20:56, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Eleassar}}. English Wikipedia administrator, highly active in the Slovene Wikipedia and a participant of Deletion review debates in the Commons. More than 40,000 edits and over 7 years of editing in the English Wikipedia. Adding and verifying sources all the time, active in different areas, particularly medicine, Slovenia and biographies. The database would really simplify and help my work, because now I'm often dependent on excerpts and abstracts. --[[User:Eleassar|Eleassar]] [[User talk:Eleassar|my talk]] 21:00, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{user|Stuart.Jamieson}} Editor for 5 years, 3,000 edits primarily article expansion, subject researching and page creation. highbeam access would help with those cases where sources for expansion arent immediately available.. [[User:Stuart.Jamieson|Stuart.Jamieson]] ([[User talk:Stuart.Jamieson|talk]]) 21:06, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Danhash}} – I have edited a wide variety of articles (~5000 edits) and intend to continue contributing, specifically in subjects such as software, multimedia technology, electronics, and psychological conditions. —[[User:Danhash|danhash]] ([[User talk:Danhash|talk]]) 21:09, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Pyrrhus16}} English Wikipedia. Over 3 years experience, 17,000+ edits, content-related work (creation, expansion, verification) on music and entertainment articles, where access to Highbeam would be useful. '''[[User:Pyrrhus16|Pyrrhus]]'''[[User talk:Pyrrhus16|16]] 21:13, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Axl}} English Wikipedia. I have been editing for several years. I specialize in WikiProject Medicine. [[User:Axl|'''Axl''']] ¤ [[User talk:Axl|[Talk]]] 21:18, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Muboshgu}} English Wikipedia. Editing for at least six years, over 70,000 edits to date. I work on baseball, US history and politics mostly. – [[User:Muboshgu|Muboshgu]] ([[User talk:Muboshgu#top|talk]]) 21:24, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{user|MBisanz}} English Wikipedia. 100,000+ edits over 5+ years. I do architecture and education. I could use HighBeam access, but don't absolutely need it, so feel free to give others priority. '''[[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]]''' [[User talk:MBisanz|talk]] 21:52, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Fredddie]] English Wikipedia. 7 years of experience, over 16,000 edits. I edit primarily highway articles, but I also dabble in Iowa-related articles. –[[User:Fredddie|Fredddie]][[User talk:Fredddie|™]] 22:36, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Noetica]] Active on English Wikipedia since 2005. Edits around 10,000 (I go for quality, not quantity); main interests are in development of style guidelines and associated policy; content interests include classical music, philosophy, neuroscience, and linguistics. <big>N</big>oetica[[User_talk:Noetica |Tea?]] 22:41, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|Joe Decker}} 7 years, 24,000+ edits/sysop on ENWIKI. Primary content work is adding sources to unreferenced BLPs, have often had to glimpse what I can via Google snippets of highbeam research to do that work, this would be a real help. Not available to me through local sources. I do a fair bit (as editor and sysop both) at AfD, and there'd be cases where I could put this tool to good use there as well. --[[User:Joe Decker|joe decker]][[User talk:Joe Decker|talk to me]] 23:50, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Yaksar]]. English Wikipedia since 2007, some work on Wikimedia commons. My main focus is on government articles, but I frequently work on food topics and other subjects. I've created articles like [[Hugo Rogers]] and [[James R. Whelan]]. Highbeam would help with many political articles, in addition to helping with sourcing for articles at AfD.--[[User: Yaksar|Yaksar]] [[User talk: Yaksar|(let's chat)]] 23:52, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:SkyMachine]] English Wikipedia. Had account ~3 years, active largely for the last year, 3100+ edits. Interested in science topics, origins, popular science publications, and literature. Having full text access to journal articles through Highbeam will be very helpful to my editing. [[User:SkyMachine|'''''Sky''''''''''Machine''''']] [[User talk:SkyMachine| ('''++''')]] 00:16, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:BabelStone]] English Wikipedia, 3 years, 4,000 edits, 39 DYKs. [[User:BabelStone|BabelStone]] ([[User talk:BabelStone|talk]]) 00:26, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:CennoxX|CennoxX]] German Wikipedia since 2010, some 8.000 edits, editing mainly articles about movies and television.--[[User:CennoxX|CennoxX]] ([[User talk:CennoxX|talk]]) 00:51, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:ezhuttukari|Ezhuttukari]] Malayalam Wikipedia. Over 7000 edits In various subjects, mainly content generation. Sysop In Malayalam Wikipedia. These days, Physics and Electronics are mainly focused. --[[User:Ezhuttukari|Ezhuttukari]] ([[User talk:Ezhuttukari|talk]]) 01:47, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Rajeshodayanchal|Rajesh K Odayanchal]] : Malayalam Wikipedia. I have been editing in Malayalam Wikipedia for past 4 years, I engage in content-related work like creation, expansion, verification, article rescue etc and now mainly focused on the designing work for Wikimedia projects... I think that HighBeam access would help me a lot. [[User:Rajeshodayanchal|Rajesh K Odayanchal]] ([[User talk:Rajeshodayanchal|talk]]) 02:20, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:fotokannan|Kannan shanmugam]] : Malayalam Wikipedia. I have been editing in Malayalam Wikipedia for past 3 years, over 3000 edits and 1000 photographs. I think that HighBeam access would help me a lot.--[[User:Fotokannan|Fotokannan]] ([[User talk:Fotokannan|talk]]) 03:00, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:TheCatalyst31|TheCatalyst31]] English Wikipedia administrator, active since 2007, over 31,000 edits. I mostly work on geography (especially communities), highways, and historic places; I also try to find sources for AfD and unsourced articles. Most of my editing would be aided by access to local news articles, though since I have access to a different database right now, feel free to pass over me if there are too many applicants. [[User:TheCatalyst31|TheCatalyst31]] [[User talk:TheCatalyst31|Reaction]]•[[Special:Contributions/TheCatalyst31|Creation]] 03:30, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:25or6to4|25or6to4]] English Wikipedia. Main editing done on highways and historic places. Would use access to fill in gaps in the histories of highways and locations. [[User:25or6to4|25or6to4]] ([[User talk:25or6to4|talk]]) 04:12, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Bruce1ee]]. Over 7 years on the English Wikipedia with over 40,000 edits; active on the [[WP:DYK|DYK Project]]; 71 DYK creation/expansion credits, 8 GA promotion credits, many other content creations and expansions. I do not have access to HighBeam, and would use it to find reliable sources for music and literature related articles. —[[User:Bruce1ee|Bruce1ee]][[User talk:Bruce1ee|''talk'']] 05:18, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Aalfons|Aalfons]] German Wikipedia since 2007, 12k edits, some 50 new articles, 2 FAs, mostly working on biographies, verifications and help pages. [[User:Aalfons|Aalfons]] ([[User talk:Aalfons|talk]]) 05:28, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Huntster]]. English Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. Been here since 2004 with 27,000 edits. I anticipate using an account for research in astronomy topics. — [[User:Huntster|Huntster]] ([[User talk:Huntster|t]] [[Special:Emailuser/Huntster|@]] [[Special:Contributions/Huntster|c]]) 05:29, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Dwaipayanc|Dwaipayan]]. Nearly 7 years in English wikipedia with over 19,000 edits. Have been involved in 5 successful featured article candidacies, several good article nominees and reviews. Many other content creation including multiple new articles, mostly related to India. The HighBeam account will be instrumental in finding and citing reliable sources.--[[User:Dwaipayanc|Dwaipayan]] ([[User_talk:Dwaipayanc|talk]]) 05:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:rameshng|Rameshng]]. Actively involved in Wikipedia since 2008. Working mainly in the ml wikipedia, editing, creating articles related Indian Cinema, Culture, Transportation, Food. Over 15000 edits in home wiki and over 25K edits globally. Active in commons with more than 4000 media uploads. Heard about high beam and looks like I can get real good reference for making the articles richer. --[[User:Rameshng|Rameshng]] ([[User talk:Rameshng|talk]]) 06:34, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Fram|Fram]]. Over 100,000 edits, created over 1,000 articles, mainly biographies of artists, early printers, and the like. Access to more and better reliable sources would be a huge bonus. [[User:Fram|Fram]] ([[User talk:Fram|talk]]) 06:41, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[user:Kropotkine_113|Kropotkine_113]] Active on fr.wikipedia.org for 6 years. 40.000+ edits, 300+ created articles. I work on artists biographies. I used to work on 18th-19th centuries scientists biographies but I stopped due to lack of reliable sources. [[User:Kropotkine 113|Kropotkine 113]] ([[User talk:Kropotkine 113|talk]]) 07:31, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:AFBorchert|AFBorchert]] Active on de.wikipedia.org for nearly 7 years, 22.000+ edits in all projects, c. 100 created articles including four with GA status at de-wp, mainly in the area of Irish history. --[[User:AFBorchert|AFBorchert]] ([[User talk:AFBorchert|talk]]) 07:51, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Olaf Kosinsky|Olaf Kosinsky]] German Wikipedia since 2009, 5k edits, also WikiCommons, mostly working on politics and history. --[[User:Olaf Kosinsky|Olaf Kosinsky]] ([[User talk:Olaf Kosinsky|talk]]) 08:11, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Tschaensky|Tschaensky]] German Wikipedia since 2005. More than 15.000 edits and over 1.000 articles created, mainly on winter sports. Over 1.300 photos for Commons. --[[User:Tschaensky|Tschaensky]] ([[User talk:Tschaensky|talk]]) 09:17, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Symac|Symac]] french wikipedian since 2004, 20.000+ edits. [[User:Symac|Symac]] ([[User talk:Symac|talk]]) 09:41, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:ThomasPia|Thomas7]] German Wikipedia since 2004, works on Iran, Berlin, computer science, cryptography, [http://toolserver.org/~stimmberechtigung/index.php?user=Thomas7&day=04&mon=04&year=2005&hour=10&min=01 meta. >25.000+] edits. [[User:ThomasPia|ThomasPia]] ([[User talk:ThomasPia|talk]]) 10:09, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Kernel Saunters|Kernel Saunters]] English Wikipedia and Commons. Have > 74,000 edits. Access would be extremely useful as it provides access to media sources that are hard to access by other means. Will prove invaluable in my editing of recent British history including obits [[User:Kernel Saunters|Kernel Saunters]] ([[User talk:Kernel Saunters|talk]]) 10:25, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# --[[User:Itu|Itu]] ([[User talk:Itu|talk]]) 10:28, 4 April 2012 (UTC) [http://toolserver.org/~quentinv57/sulinfo/Itu] Sources are essential
# [[User:Steven Zhang]]. 25k plus edits, mainly on en-wiki. Having access to this would help me expand articles I work on that lack referenced material available on the web, or content that has fallen offline (such as archived newspapers). [[User:Steven Zhang|Steven]] [[User talk:Steven Zhang|Zhang]] [[WP:DRP|DR goes to Wikimania!]] 11:00, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User: Netha Hussain]] : English Wikipedia, Malayalam Wikipedia and Commons Have 2000+ edits in all projects. Interested in editing articles related to medicine, surgery, pathology and pharmacology. --[[User:Netha Hussain|Netha Hussain]] ([[User talk:Netha Hussain|talk]]) 11:06, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:bwmoll3]] English Wikipedia. 97000+ edits since Jan. 2006. History of the United States Air Force [[User:Bwmoll3|Bwmoll3]] ([[User talk:Bwmoll3|talk]]) 11:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Indif]] French WP. 14600+ edits since 2004. Interested in the history of the Maghreb. --[[User:Indif|Indif]] ([[User talk:Indif|talk]]) 12:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Willking1979]] English Wikipedian since 2008, 36,000+ live edits. Administrator, OTRS volunteer. Interested in Kentucky-related articles. [[User:Willking1979|Willking1979]] ([[User talk:Willking1979|talk]]) 14:26, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Dougweller]] English Wikipedia since April 2006, 77,000 edits, Administrator, OTRS volunteer, mainly working with articles to do with archaeology and history. I've trialled HighBeam and it's great, but the cost is too much for me to justify. [[User:Dougweller|Dougweller]] ([[User talk:Dougweller|talk]]) 14:39, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Leaky caldron|Leaky Caldron]] English WP since 2006. 8300 edits. Interested in UK politics and local history where access to historical newspaper sources would be beneficial. [[User:Leaky_caldron|Leaky ]][[User talk:Leaky_caldron|Caldron]] 14:47, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Carolmooredc]] English Wikipedia since 2006, 18,500+ edits. Political, law, civil liberties, foreign policy issues; GLAM work; [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gender_gap Gender gap] work; variety of biographies of living people. Also ongoing Outreach/Training (including [[WP:Workshop]] and [[WP:Workshop for Women]]) to improve education of users. Have used and appreciate Highbeam but cannot afford. ''[[User:Carolmooredc|CarolMooreDC]]'' 14:49, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:The-Pope]]. English wikipedia. >40,000 edits, lots of work on [[WP:URBLPR|unreferenced biographies of living people]] and other biographies. Intend to continue to keep [[:CAT:BLP]] low. [[User:The-Pope|The-Pope]] ([[User talk:The-Pope|talk]]) 15:30, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Malik Shabazz]]. English Wikipedia. 60,000 edits since 2006. I write on a variety of subjects related to African Americans, Jews, and Israel-Palestine. — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 15:53, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ronz]]. English Wikipedia. 64,000 edits since 2006. I edit a wide range of articles, focusing on changing promotional material into more encyclopedic content. --[[User:Ronz|Ronz]] ([[User talk:Ronz|talk]]) 16:21, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Nihonjoe]]. English Wikipedia, around 100,000 edits, created over 600 articles, mostly Japan-related. I'd use the access to continue improving those articles as well as any others I came across. I should note that Japan-related articles are not the only ones I work on, just a primary focus. ···[[User:Nihonjoe|日本穣]][[WP:HIJCS|?]] · [[Special:Contributions/Nihonjoe|投稿]] · [[User talk:Nihonjoe|Talk to Nihonjoe]] · [[WP:JA|Join WP Japan]]! 16:25, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Nableezy]]. English Wikipedia, around 24K edits, created several articles. Interested in international relations and Islamic architecture. '''[[User talk:Nableezy|nableezy]]''' - 16:29, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Morbidthoughts]]. Mostly to shore up RS for biographies with notability concerns. [[User:Morbidthoughts|Morbidthoughts]] ([[User talk:Morbidthoughts|talk]]) 17:17, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Anthonyhcole]] English Wikipedia, 14K edits since 2006, created a few medical articles and patrol recent changes to medical articles. --[[User:Anthonyhcole|Anthonyhcole]] ([[User talk:Anthonyhcole|talk]]) 17:22, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:Raul654]], english Wikipedia, around 60k edits last time I checked. I run the featured article process. I'm active in identifying and creating missing encyclopedia articles. ([[Wikipedia:ACF Regionals answers]], [[Wikipedia:Stanford Archive answers]],, etc) [[User:Raul654|Raul654]] ([[User talk:Raul654|talk]]) 17:28, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:PKM]] English Wikipedia and Commons, 19K edits in WP and 8K in Commons since 2005, active on 16th-19th century people & artists, Pre-Raphaelites/Arts & Crafts Movement, textile arts, fashion. I frequently run into HighBeam articles that would be great sources for work I am doing. [[User:PKM|PKM]] ([[User talk:PKM|talk]]) 17:42, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Youreallycan]] - I think the project would benefit if I had one of these accounts. At times I have worked a fair bit with adding and formating citations to uncited content, and an account would also allow me to access and investigate otherwise unaccessible externals used to support disputed content. - [[User:Youreallycan|You]]really[[User talk:Youreallycan|can]] 18:01, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Paelius]] — Polish Wikipedia, ca. 6K edits since 2005, created and verified Middle Ages' articles. Continue improving texts about medieval pagan and christian world. — [[User:Paelius]] 18:10, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Redtigerxyz]] +30k edits, FA, GA and DYK creation (Hinduism and India), 5 + years--[[User:Redtigerxyz|Redtigerxyz]] [[User talk:Redtigerxyz|Talk]] 18:18, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Volunteer Marek]] [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pcount/index.php?name=Volunteer+Marek&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia 31,445 edits] and [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pages/index.php?name=Volunteer+Marek&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects&getall=1 257 articles created]. (posted by Malik Shabazz per [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Volunteer_Marek&curid=2377593&diff=485575367&oldid=485456439 request])
# [[User:Writegeist]], English Wikipedia 4 years, 3,000 edits. Interests: politics, war, automotive, journalistic/literary, historical, etc. Intend continuing in these and other areas. HB archive will be useful for expansion, verification etc. partic. in BLP-related work. [[User:Writegeist|Writegeist]] ([[User talk:Writegeist|talk]]) 19:14, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Sctechlaw]], been here several years, some years before that as an IP editor. Have 1500+ edits. I write mostly about law, technology, and art, with a smattering of everything else. I especially focus on sourcing content with citations. [https://toolserver.org/~tparis/pcount/index.php?lang=en&wiki=wikipedia&name=Sctechlaw&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects&getall=1 My stats] [[User:Sctechlaw|Sctechlaw]] ([[User talk:Sctechlaw|talk]]) 19:19, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Pigsonthewing|Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing)]]. Editing since 2003, over 80K en-Wikipedia edits; occasional interwiki edits and collaborations.. Wikimedia-UK volunteer. GLAM ambassador, [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats|Wikiproject Microformats]] founder. [[MonmouthpediA]] contributor. Regularly add/ improve references using Reflinks, Zotero and other tools. Editing a wide-range of topics, including biographies of ornithologists and other naturalists and artists; artworks; local history. Project requirements noted and I'm happy to comply. [[User:Pigsonthewing|Andy Mabbett]] (Pigsonthewing); [[User talk:Pigsonthewing|Talk to Andy]]; [[Special:Contributions/Pigsonthewing|Andy's edits]] 21:21, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:OrenBochman]]. 2000+ edits on en.wikitionary now active on en.wikipedia meta and books. I am active in art, linguistics, open source. HB will be useful for sourcing. [[User:OrenBochman|BO]]; [[User talk:OrenBochman|talk]] 23:12, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Figureskatingfan]] Over 16,000 edits on en.wikipedia since Feb. 2007. I am an active content editor dedicated to obscure articles that often require references from libraries and newspapers. [[User:Figureskatingfan|Christine (Figureskatingfan)]] ([[User talk:Figureskatingfan|talk]]) 23:45, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Vsmith]] English Wikipedia since July 04 - admin since 05, over 100K edits. Focus on geology and geography articles. Live out in the boonies with no access to a good library. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith|talk]]) 00:15, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Kathodonnell]]. English Wikipedia. I work mostly on Australian music articles, some arts and articles on Australian women, plus a few other topics to a lesser degree - finding references and RS for some of the existing articles + writing new articles for those missing. thanks. [[User:Kathodonnell|Kathodonnell]] ([[User talk:Kathodonnell|talk]]) 01:26, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ganeshk]]. I have been editing since 2005, have 33000 edits. I also operate a bot, User:Ganeshbot that has created more than 22000 new articles. Could use the research access with Indian history and marine life topics. — [[User:Ganeshk|Ganeshk]] ([[User talk:Ganeshk|talk]]) 02:07, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Mitchazenia]] - English Wikipedia admin - I've been editing since November 2005 with 37,000 edits. 14 featured articles, work would go towards my three main topics, roads, railroads and hurricanes. Mitch<big>'''32'''</big>([[User:Mitchazenia|There is a destiny that makes us...]] [[User talk:Mitchazenia|family.]]) 02:51, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:jeremyb|jeremyb]]. English Wikipedia editor. I'll use this account to research the history of timezones and [[Time in Indiana]]. P.S. you should change the primary timezone to UTC (or WST) for the links in the "Process" section. You could also provide times in additional timezones or link to a converter with the UTC time prepopulated. [[User:Jeremyb|Jeremyb]] ([[User talk:Jeremyb|talk]]) 03:27, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:99of9|99of9]] English Wikipedia and Commons. Chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Australian geography, biology, history and news. --[[User:99of9|99of9]] ([[User talk:99of9|talk]]) 05:06, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:SpeedyGonsales|SpeedyGonsales]] Croatian Wikipedia and Commons, over 21.000 edits. Access to quality resources is always helpful. [[User:SpeedyGonsales|Speedy]][[User_talk:SpeedyGonsales|Gonsales]] 05:27, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:NCurse|NCurse]] [[User talk:NCurse|work]] 06:05, 5 April 2012 (UTC) - Over 9000 edits in medical and scientific topics.
#'''[[User:Jayen466|J]][[User_Talk:Jayen466|N]][[Special:Contributions/Jayen466|466]]''' 06:25, 5 April 2012 (UTC) en:WP, de:WP, 45000+ edits; religions, current affairs
# [[User:Lionelt]]. English Wikipedia. My primary topic areas are politics and Christianity. Creator of [[portal:Conservatism]] and founder of [[WP:WikiProject Conservatism]]. 17000 edits, 3 years experience.– [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 06:58, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Nug]]. English Wikipedia. My interest is in the [[Baltic states]], its history, culture and current affairs. Access to HighBeam would be fantastic as it has tons of stuff related to the Baltics, but have been unable to access it. Been editing since 2006, having over [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pcount/index.php?name=Nug&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia 16,000 edits] and created over [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pages/index.php?name=Nug&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects&getall=1 90 articles]. --[[User:Nug|Nug]] ([[User talk:Nug|talk]]) 08:33, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ynhockey]]. Active on the English Wikipedia since late 2004 (admin since 2008), with over 50,000 edits. Interest primary in Middle Eastern history and military history, but also computer science topics. Have written and intend to continue to write articles based on obscure topics with high-quality sources (so far mostly print), for which popular sources don't usually suffice. —[[User:Ynhockey|Ynhockey]] ([[User talk:Ynhockey|Talk]]) 10:01, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:The Four Deuces]] Editor since 2007 with 1000s of edits. Have created and edited articles primarily in political science, including biographies. Intend to use this resource to start biographies of individuals who are red-linked and expand stub biographies where little free on-line material is available. [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 10:56, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Itti]] Active on the de.Wikipedia since 2005 with 15000 edits. Interests: politics, art, historical, etc. HB archive will be useful for expansion, verification etc. --[[User:Itti|Itti]] ([[User talk:Itti|talk]]) 11:13, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Djembayz]]. English Wikipedia since 2010, 4,300 edits. Write articles for WikiProject Ships; add citations, expand/format GLAM/Smithsonian articles, rural areas, 1930s; add categories on Commons. Have focused on pre-1923 sailing ships due to copyright restrictions; would like to move into some more current (and more widely read) topics.[[User:Djembayz|Djembayz]] ([[User talk:Djembayz|talk]]) 12:29, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Touchatou]] Mainly French (also English) Wikipedia since Jan. 2009. Mainly academic articles on economics, sociology, demography, politics, history, statistics, mathematics, science and some weird topics. Avid user of academic articles. [[User:Touchatou|Touchatou]] ([[User talk:Touchatou|talk]]) 12:37, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Morray|Morray]] Mainly on de, but also smaller contributions on different languages. Focused mainly on topics of natural sciences but also random other topics. --[[User:Morray|Morray]] ([[User talk:Morray|talk]])
#[[User:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]], bureaucrat at Swahili Wikipedia; 32,000+ edits since April 2006; content creation, expansion and referencing, esp. on biographies (20th century scientists, politicians and literary writers) and on Subsaharan African languages and literatures; access would be highly appreciated for both of these fields. --[[User:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[User talk:Baba Tabita|talk]]) 13:32, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Floydian|Floydian]], English Wikipedia since 2003. Primarily focused on the history of civic infrastructure and geography, also dabbling into music, chemicals and medicine. - '''[[User:Floydian|ʄɭoʏɗiaɲ]]''' [[User_talk:Floydian|τ]] [[Special:Contributions/Floydian|¢]] 13:44, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:WLU]], English Wikipedia since 2006, 48,000 edits since then, I check sources, citegnome, expand content and dabble on noticeboards on a variety of content pages. [[User:WLU|WLU]] [[User talk:WLU|(t)]] [[Special:Contributions/WLU|(c)]] Wikipedia's rules:[[WP:SIMPLE|simple]]/[[WP:POL|complex]] 14:11, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:KWa|KWa]], mainly active on the German-language Wikipedia, had five featured articles on the German Wikipedia since 2005 and some 3.200 edits. Primarily focused on theatre and literature history and research, also working on music and architecture. --[[Special:Contributions/83.246.65.143|83.246.65.143]] ([[User talk:83.246.65.143|talk]]) 14:14, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#{{User|QuasyBoy}}, active on English Wikipedia since 2006, well over a thousand edits. I mostly create and edit entertainment articles. '''[[User:QuasyBoy|Quasy]][[User talk:QuasyBoy|Boy]]''' 14:42, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Petri Krohn]], started editing in 2005, about 60,000 edits in all Wikimedia projects. -- [[User:Petri Krohn|Petri Krohn]] ([[User talk:Petri Krohn|talk]]) 15:44, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Amartyabag]], an editor in English Wikipedia since 2005 with 8000 edits. Primarily focused on creating content, referencing works related to Protected areas in India, Geography, etc. with top contributors in FA's like [[West Bengal]], [[Kolkata]], ex-FA's like [[Kaziranga National Park]]. [[User:Amartyabag|Amartyabag]] [[User Talk:Amartyabag| TALK2ME]] 16:08, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Guillaume2303]], started 2007, 70,000+ edits on en.WP. Occasionally have the need for something in Highbeam, but if there are more editors wanting this resource than there are accounts available, don't include me in the random "lottery" :-) --[[User:Guillaume2303|Guillaume2303]] ([[User talk:Guillaume2303|talk]]) 16:33, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#{{user|Postdlf}}, active on English Wikipedia since 2003, over 69,000 edits. I have created many articles on animal species, some of which are rare/obscure/recently described and difficult to find free papers about online. I also have created a lot of articles on U.S. law and court cases, for which access to scholarly journal articles would be invaluable because very little is free online aside from the primary source materials and mainstream news. Other interests include biographies of artists and politicians. #'''[[User:Postdlf|postdlf]]''' (''[[User talk:Postdlf|talk]]'') 16:40, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Titodutta|User:Tito Dutta]] Psychology, Indian history, biography related articles. If this Highbeam helps in research works that'll be great. They allow 7 days free trial in their site, but, I have not tried that. Have more than [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pcount/index.php?name=Titodutta&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia 5000 edits]. --[[User:Titodutta|Tito Dutta]] [[User_talk:Titodutta|(Send me a message)]] 16:46, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:MeegsC]], English Wikipedia since 2007, 12,000+ edits, primarily in bird-related articles. This would be particularly useful for new article research and for improving referencing in existing articles; I spend a fair bit of time doing the latter for articles on the WP:BIRDS cleanup listing, but am unable to access some references due to expensive paywalls. [[User:MeegsC|MeegsC]] | [[User talk:MeegsC|Talk]] 17:05, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Mojoworker]] English Wikipedia and Commons. Active since 2007 in a variety of topics mainly in [[WP:MILHIST]]. In serious need of something to suplement the Google News Archive which seems not to work as well as it used to.
# [[User:Seduisant|Seduisant]]. English Wikipedia, active since 2005. Contributions chiefly to [[Felidae|articles about felids]], and creation/maintenance of articles about little-known people, animals, and events. HighBeam would aid in sourcing these efforts. --[[User:Seduisant|Seduisant]] ([[User talk:Seduisant|talk]]) 17:19, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[Rufous-crowned Sparrow]]. English Wikipedia and a bit of Commons. 8000 edits since 2006 leading to 5 FAs, 3 FLs, 9 current GAs, and 13 DYKs. While at a university, it does not offer HighBeam and I don't have summer access to the subscriptions it does provide. Mostly bird articles, although I may be start on some of the more odd and ancient bony fishes soon. [[User:Rufous-crowned Sparrow|Rufous-crowned Sparrow]] ([[User talk:Rufous-crowned Sparrow|talk]]) 17:28, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Tillman|Pete Tillman]]. Active since 2008, currently among the 4000 most active editors. I would use the account for technical reports -- I contribute regularly to Geoscience , Atmospheric and Spacce Science articles. --[[User:Tillman|Pete Tillman]] ([[User talk:Tillman|talk]]) 18:43, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Gsingh]]. Have 2500+ edits on the EN wikipedia, been an editor since 2005. Would use this for adding sources for articles about Punjab (India) Politics, Canadian Politics, and anything within the scope of [[WP:DENTISTRY]]. [[User:Gsingh|Gsingh]] ([[User talk:Gsingh|talk]]) 17:54, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Gregbard]] English Wikipedia. 6 years contributing. 50000+ edits. I work mainly in the area of philosophy, and especially logic, both very underrepresented areas. I am not affiliated with any university currently. I rely mainly on my own personal library and online sources. I am very involved with the all aspects of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy|WikiProject Philosophy]].[[User:Gregbard|Greg Bard]] ([[User_talk:Gregbard|talk]]) 18:08, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:David Eppstein]]. English Wikipedia, Admin. Over 56k edits, over 5 years experience. Primary areas of interest are mathematics, computer science, academic biography, and California geography. This access looks particularly useful for biography (e.g. newspaper obituary) and geography sourcing. —[[User:David Eppstein|David Eppstein]] ([[User talk:David Eppstein|talk]]) 18:15, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Incnis Mrsi]]. English Wikipedia, 2,141 edits in the article space (to 1,655 distinct pages). Occasionally active in other Wikimedia projects (e.g. Commons and, formerly, Russian Wikipedia) with 15,000+ edits in total. 6 years experience. Crazed with improving the quality, not of some chosen set of articles, but of Wikipedia as a whole. I intend to use HighBeam for improving articles on science, information technology and occasionally other topics such as history. [[User:Incnis Mrsi|Incnis Mrsi]] ([[User talk:Incnis Mrsi|talk]]) 18:25, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Goethean]]. I've been an editor of the English Wikipedia for eight years and nine months. I have made 34,109 edits (21,810 edits in article space) to 5,199 distinct pages. I am the creator of 109 new articles. HighBeam would be very helpful to me in improving articles on philosophy, religion, literature, politics. — [[User:Goethean|goethean]] [[User_talk:Goethean|ॐ]] 18:45, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ben MacDui]]. Five plus years of editing, Five FAs, 8 FLS, 27 GAs, mostly interested in Scottish history and geography. English Wikipedia admin with c. 33,000 edits. [[User:Ben MacDui|Ben]] [[User talk:Ben MacDui|Mac]][[Special:Contributions/Ben MacDui|Dui]] 19:01, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Tryptofish]]. Editor on English Wikipedia since 2008, over 23,000 edits, very involved in content creation and sourcing. --[[User:Tryptofish|Tryptofish]] ([[User talk:Tryptofish|talk]]) 19:05, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:dger]] Wikipedian for over 3 years with over 10,000 edits on English wikipedia and over a 1000 uploads on Wikipedia commons. I work mainly on nature and science oriented articles. I would like an account to access biology related journals. [[User:Dger|Dger]] ([[User talk:Dger|talk]]) 20:06, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Andrew Dalby]]. Editor on Latin, English and French Wikipedias since 2006, admin on Latin, about 110,000 edits in total. Creating and improving articles in biography, history (especially medieval and ancient), literature. [[User:Andrew Dalby|And]]'''[[User Talk:Andrew Dalby|rew D]]'''[[User:Andrew Dalby/Bibliography|alby]] 20:09, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User|First Light]] Editor on English Wikipedia for four years, 18,000 edits, mostly content, 3 GAs, 25 DYKs. No local library (to speak of) or university access. [[User:First Light|First Light]] ([[User talk:First Light|talk]]) 20:14, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Shannon1|Shannon1]] Been editing since 2009 – 1 FA, 13 GAs, 21,000 edits, mostly in geography/civil engineering. I have an interest in journals/articles of that sort. [[User:Shannon1|Shann]][[User talk:Shannon1|'''º''']][[Special:Contributions/Shannon1|n]] 20:16, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Mr. Stradivarius|Mr. Stradivarius]]. I have been editing Wikipedia actively since Octobter 2010, wtih 14,000+ edits. I am primarily interested in applied linguistics articles, and I also help out with general article improvement and sourcing. I would particularly like to have access to the linguistics resources that HighBeam offers. — [[User:Mr. Stradivarius|Mr. Stradivarius]] [[User talk:Mr. Stradivarius|♫]] 20:40, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User|Asad112]] Had an account with Wikipedia since 2006, been active since 2010. Would love the use of the tool to be able to consolidate research and sources. -[[User:Asad112|asad]] ([[User talk:Asad112|talk]]) 21:24, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User|Jiujitsuguy]]. Active member since 2009 with over 4,000 edits. Created nine articles and expanded several stubs. I have an interest in military history with an emphasis on the Baltic and Middle East regions.--[[User:Jiujitsuguy|Jiujitsuguy]] ([[User talk:Jiujitsuguy|talk]]) 22:11, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Maky]]. English Wikipedia, Commons. I write FA-quality articles about lemurs and related topics. I intend to continue researching and writing about lemurs, and possibly fossil primtes. '''– [[User:Maky|Maky]] «[[User talk:Maky| talk ]]»''' 23:27, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:SatuSuro]]. Editing over 5 years, over 80k of edits, across diverse projects and subjects - very interested in checking for areas where extra ref sources can make the difference in the quality of the Wp en experience [[User:SatuSuro|Satu]][[User talk:SatuSuro|Suro]] 23:54, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Mgiganteus1|mgiganteus1]] ([[User talk:Mgiganteus1|talk]]). Been an active editor for more than 6 years. 55k edits or so, including several hundred new article contributions. Main areas of interest are botany and zoology. [[User:Mgiganteus1|mgiganteus1]] ([[User talk:Mgiganteus1|talk]]) 01:33, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Wasted Time R|Wasted Time R]]. Have been an active editor for over 7 years, with 60,000 edits. Have 6 FA, 36 GA, and 48 DYK to my name, with many other article creations. Primary topics are politics, history, and music, but have touched other topics as well. I do heavy amounts of historical research and writing and have frequently run into source material within HighBeam, and having a full access account would be very, very useful. [[User:Wasted Time R|Wasted Time R]] ([[User talk:Wasted Time R|talk]]) 01:42, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Glimmer721|Glimmer721]]: Joined May 2010 and over 9,000 edits, contributed to 15 passed good articles so far, two books and 13 TV episodes. I believe I could use HighBeam to find sources and especially reviews of older novels and TV episodes, as my major contributions have often been limited to things that have been released recently. [[User:Glimmer721|Glimmer721]] [[User talk:Glimmer721|talk]] 01:46, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Maias|Maias]]. Active editor for 5+ years with c.45k edits and 1000+ new articles. Main interests: biology, history and biography. [[User:Maias|Maias]] ([[User talk:Maias|talk]]) 01:55, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] - On the English Wikipedia I have been an active contributor since 2008, and an administrator since 2009. Some of my past and future research interests lie in physics and mechanical engineering. I am also active on Wikimedia Commons. Thanks for this opportunity, [[User:Arbitrarily0|<big>A</big>rbitrarily<big>0</big>]] ([[User talk:Arbitrarily0|talk]]) 01:58, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:JoannaSerah]]: English Wikipedia. Joined March 3, 2006; over 13,000 edits. Primary focus is poetry/literature, politics and North & South Carolina. Have created a few articles, but mostly spend time expanding existing articles -- [[User:JoannaSerah|JoannaSerah]] ([[User talk:JoannaSerah|talk]]) 02:01, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Supreme Deliciousness]]: English Wikipedia. Joined May 29, 2009; over 16,000 edits. Been active on the site since registration. Have created some articles. Mostly edit articles related to the Middle East and its history. --[[User:Supreme Deliciousness|Supreme Deliciousness]] ([[User talk:Supreme Deliciousness|talk]]) 02:50, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Mr.Atoz|Mr.Atoz]] English Wikipedia. Joined October 2007. Working on Georgia Hospitals Template and improving the Hospitals in Georgia List [[User:Mr.Atoz|Mr.Atoz]] ([[User talk:Mr.Atoz|talk]]) 03:34, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Severo]]. English Wikipedia since July 2006, somewhere over 100,000 edits. I work on recent but pre-internet history of sports and in particular cycling. [[User:Severo|Severo]]''[[User talk:Severo|T]][[Special:Contributions/Severo|C]]'' 05:33, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Hallows AG]] English Wikipedia since July 2011. 13000 edits. I do vandalism work and additions to articles about countries.--[[User:Hallows AG|Hallows Aktiengesellschaft]] ([[User talk:Hallows AG|talk]]) 05:58, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Centovalli]] German Wikipedia since 2010, with emphasis on motorcycles. --[[User:Centovalli|Centovalli]] ([[User talk:Centovalli|talk]]) 09:47, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Joey Roe|Joe Roe]]. Registered in 2005 but not really active editing until late 2010, just over 4000 edits. I mainly work on archaeology and indigenous rights articles but I've found since I graduated and lost access to my university's library and journal subscriptions it's been a lot harder to write new content. Hopefully this can fill the gap. '''[[User:Joey Roe|joe•roe]]''''''[[User talk:Joey Roe|t]]'''•'''[[Special:Contributions/Joey Roe|c]]''' 09:51, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Gripweed]]. Editor and administrator of the German speaking Wikipedia. More than 40.000 edits in 6 years. I'm interested in all kinds of articles. My emphasis now is the subject [[Outlaw motorcycle club]]s, but I'm also interested in popular music and biographies of not-so-well-known persons. --[[User:Gripweed|Gripweed]] ([[User talk:Gripweed|talk]]) 10:49, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Snowmanradio]]. I have been editing here for more than six years, and I have made more than 76,000 edits on the English Wikipedia and more than 48,000 edits on Commons. [[User:Snowmanradio|Snowman]] ([[User talk:Snowmanradio|talk]]) 11:57, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Le_Deluge]]. 1994 edits in mainspace, 3973 in total since Jan 2009. I tend to flit around a bit, doing a lot of tidying work across the board; most of the articles I bump into on Highbeam relate to Scottish culture and history.[[User:Le Deluge|Le Deluge]] ([[User talk:Le Deluge|talk]]) 13:46, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Density]]. German Wikipedia, more than 25.000 edits since 2005, with emphasis on classical music and natural sciences. --[[User:Density|Density]] ([[User talk:Density|talk]]) 15:47, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redaktor:Bronto Bronto], Slovak Wikipedia, more than 104.000 edits since 2004 16:03 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Albacore]]. English Wikipedia. Over 5,000 edits, with 17 DYKs and eight featured lists. Would use to expand and reference sports stubs. [[User:Albacore|Albacore]] ([[User talk:Albacore|talk]]) 16:37, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:NSH001]]. very nearly 10k edits on en:wp, approaching 1k on other-langauge wikis, 7 DYKs so far. Heavily content-oriented, strong emphasis on quality over quantity. Wide range of topics but including biographies of scientists, Quakers and antiwar activists, middle east politics. [[User:NSH001|NSH001]] ([[User talk:NSH001|talk]]) 17:04, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:Shrike]] English Wikipedia. 3200+ edits since May. 2006. Mainly interested in Middle east history.So I want to use the account to improve the references there. --[[User:Shrike|Shrike]] ([[User talk:Shrike|talk]]) 18:08, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[user:Rlbberlin]] German Wikipedia editor since 2006; >12.000 edits; editing art history --[[User:Rlbberlin|Rlbberlin]] ([[User talk:Rlbberlin|talk]]) 21:16, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[user:Vasiľ]], Slovak Wikipedia, 5 years, more than 80 000 edits. [[User:Vasiľ|Vasiľ]] ([[User talk:Vasiľ|talk]]) 22:05, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[user:Nelliette]], Slovak Wikipedia, 3 years, 10 373 edits.--[[User:Nelliette|Nelliette]] ([[User talk:Nelliette|talk]]) 23:19, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Michael Fleischhacker]], German Wikipedia, almost 2 years, 10,000+ edits, mainly Austrian-related topics, history, politics etc. --[[User:Michael Fleischhacker|Michael Fleischhacker]] ([[User talk:Michael Fleischhacker|talk]]) 23:49, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Edinburgh Wanderer]], English Wikipedia over 26,00 edits joined March 2008. Edits mainly in football, Scotland and theatre. [[User:Edinburgh Wanderer|Edinburgh]] [[User talk:Edinburgh Wanderer|Wanderer]] 00:12, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[user:14nu5]], Slovak Wikipedia, 3 years, 8 200+ edits. I write articleas about ancient history (esp. ancient Egypt) and occulture. — [[User:14nu5|14nu5]] ([[User talk:14nu5|talk]]) 00:34, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[user:GFHandel]]. About 6,500 edits in almost 4.5 years (with 63% in article space). I've added about 100 articles to en.WP, and plan to add many more in the area of music. Having access to better research material will assist me greatly in that endeavour. [[User:GFHandel|GFHandel]] [[User_talk:GFHandel|♬]]  00:39, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Donlammers]]. Not quite 11,000 edits in a bit over 2.5 years. I was going to skip this offer until I just ran into yet another case of Highbeam saving a dead link. [[User:Donlammers|Don Lammers]] ([[User talk:Donlammers|talk]]) 01:43, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Vecrumba]]. EN wikipedia. Editing focused primarily on history, modern European geopolitics with focus on Eastern Europe and Russia; diaspora studies; miltary history; race and intelligence. 7+ years, 17,000+ edits. [[User:Vecrumba|VєсrumЬа]] ►[[User_talk:Vecrumba|TALK]] 02:01, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Juliancolton]]. enwiki and commons mainly. About 150,000 edits cross-wiki, written/contributed to something like 30 FAs and 100 GAs, been editing for four or five years now. Mostly intend to utilize newspaper archives for research in historic meteorological events. [[User:Juliancolton|Juliancolton]] ([[User talk:Juliancolton|talk]]) 03:09, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User|Acroterion]], 6 years, enwiki admin, more than 100,000 edits, 2 GAs, something over 1000 new articles. Concentration on architecture, historical structures, military architecture, protected natural and historical areas. '''[[User:Acroterion|Acroterion]] [[User talk:Acroterion|(talk)]]''' 03:18, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Worm That Turned]]. enwiki admin, 4 years, 10k edits, 7 GAs. I've got my eye on a few series of articles, primarily food and drink, which I've already started working on and hope to progress this year. [[User:Worm That Turned|'''''Worm'''''TT]] · ([[User Talk:Worm That Turned|talk]]) 08:07, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Colonel Warden]] Active content creator and improver for 5+ years now. [[User:Colonel Warden|Warden]] ([[User talk:Colonel Warden|talk]]) 10:47, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Xavxav]] Registered in 2008 on the French Wikipedia but really active since december 2011 (this is why I have slightly less than 1000 edits, I hope I still can qualify). Interested in economics and sociology. Always keen on searching Google Books and Google Scholar for any additional sources to improve Wikipedia. [[User:Xavxav|Xavxav]] ([[User talk:Xavxav|talk]]) 13:25, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:R8R Gtrs|R8R Gtrs]] English (in future possibly Russian) Wiki, ~2.5 years, focus on chemical elements articles (see [[fluorine]] for example--even this is not the end!), would appreciate the journal articles database access. Not much in quantity of edits (although I do have the required 1,000 in the article space alone), but they are often more productive than usual.--[[User:R8R Gtrs|R8R Gtrs]] ([[User talk:R8R Gtrs|talk]]) 13:36, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:MishaKeats]] Way, way, below the 1,000 edits, but thought I'd give it a shot anyway. Teaching and writing experience in politics and music. As I gradually learn to control my fear of HTML, I'll be able to increase my contribution rate.--[[User:MishaKeats|Misha Atreides]] ([[User talk:MishaKeats|talk]]) 15:06, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Orderinchaos]] Admin on English Wikipedia, and have had my account for over 6 years. Have over 66,000 edits to the encyclopaedia including 34,366 edits to mainspace (according to X!'s Edit Counter), one FA and several GAs, and am active in content generation, research and content verification across a range of Australian topics including politics, history and demography. Many of the sources I need are simply not available through my limited student access. [[User talk:Orderinchaos|Orderinchaos]] 15:41, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Kvng]] English Wikipedia. I work on technical articles, specifically audio, electrical engineering and networking. History includes adding and verification of references. --[[User:Kvng|Kvng]] ([[User talk:Kvng|talk]]) 17:00, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Pburka|Pburka]] English Wikipedia. ~7500 edits since 2005. Active in [[WP:UBLPR]] and creating [[WP:DCB]] article. [[User:Pburka|Pburka]] ([[User talk:Pburka|talk]]) 18:07, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Orenburg1|Orenburg1]] English Wikipedia. ~8000 edits since 2009. Active on WP Sciuridae and copyediting/verification. WP email enabled. Do not have access to journal/scientific databases which would be very useful. [[User:Orenburg1|Orenburg1]] ([[User talk:Orenburg1|talk]]) 21:30, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[:no:Bruker:Blue Elf|Blue Elf]] Admin on Norwegian (bokmål) Wikipedia. Since 2005 52,000+ edits of which 44,000+ on no-wiki. Sports, geography, some music and history. Categorizing, correcting language, content verification. [[User:Blue Elf|Blue Elf]] ([[User talk:Blue Elf|talk]]) 21:51, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Saedon]] English Wikipedia. I edit a lot of articles that deal with [[WP:FRINGE]] theories and many of these subjects are difficult to source. Note that this account is relatively new as I recently retired my main account [[User:Noformation]] which had upwards of 7000 edits and was registered (IIRC) in 2007. [[User:Saedon|SÆdon]][[User talk:Saedon|talk]] 23:53, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Toll Booth Willie|Toll Booth Willie]] English Wikipedia. About 2,300 edits, joined 2006. Main sphere of editing is the history of newspapers and newspaper companies in the USA, Canada, Spain and the Caribbean. Other topics I envision editing this year include local politics of New England, journalism in other Spanish-speaking areas, and 19th century baseball. Have access to Massachusetts newspaper archives but other states', plus business and trade journals, would be very useful. ``` [[User:Toll Booth Willie|t o l l ` b o o t h ` '''w i l l i e''']] `` [[User Talk:Toll Booth Willie|$1.25 PLEASE]] ``` 00:17, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Yobol]] English Wikipedia. Active in medical articles. [[User:Yobol|Yobol]] ([[User talk:Yobol|talk]]) 00:21, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Saehrimnir]]. I am mostly aktiv in German Wikipedia but likely to ramp up in the english as well in the near futur. I mostly work on science related Artikles but also scientist Biographies and science history were this would come quiet handy.--[[User:Saehrimnir|Saehrimnir]] ([[User talk:Saehrimnir|talk]]) 00:39, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Lothar von Richthofen]]. English Wikipedia mostly, occasionally Commons, a smattering of edits at German Wikipedia. Over 10,000 edits at en-wp since March 2009. Lots of copyediting, some translation and content creation work in the area of military history and European topics. Content creation has been hindered thus far by limited access to sources; have plans to get [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Frisia]] on the map over the summer by improving articles up to GA or higher. This would help greatly with both. ~~ [[User:Lothar von Richthofen|Lothar von Richthofen]] ([[User talk:Lothar von Richthofen|talk]]) 00:50, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Askedonty]]. French Wikipedia, here 1k restricting to articles. Write or translate history and describe systems. I'm interested into archives for both and cross-checking. -- [[User:Askedonty|Askedonty]] ([[User talk:Askedonty|talk]]) 02:54, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Karl.brown]]. English wikipedia. about 1500 edits. some gnome stuff, category reorganization, and research on health, health systems, health informatics articles. --[[User:Karl.brown|Karl.brown]] ([[User talk:Karl.brown|talk]]) 04:02, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Gnangarra]] 20k+ en edits since mid 2005, editted across a broad article subject matter including some FA's, primary use would be related BLP issues and as an reviewer of FAC to explore additional sourcing. [[User:Gnangarra|Gnan]][[User_talk:Gnangarra|garra]] 04:33, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Estlandia]] mostly on English Wikipedia, 9000+ edits since October 2008, started 80 articles, content creation mostly on Russian history and politics, gnomish activities on world political parties.[[User:Estlandia|Estlandia]] [[User talk:Estlandia|(dialogue)]] 08:52, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Matthiasb]]. German Wikipedia, some 40,000+ in article name space. Mostly edits on geography, natural disasters and In the news topics, many translations of [[NRHP]] articles. The account wold be used to improve articles on those topics. --[[User:Matthiasb|Matthiasb]] ([[User talk:Matthiasb|talk]]) 09:28, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Acadēmica Orientālis]]. I registered as [[user:Miradre]] in October 2010 but had to create a new account in February 2012 due to losing my passwords due to hard drive failure. 2000+ edits since that date alone (content creation, expansion, verification) with emphasis on evolutionary psychology and China. I research and add numerous scholarly and other sources to Wikipedia so access to HighBeam would be useful. [[User:Acadēmica Orientālis|Acadēmica Orientālis]] ([[User talk:Acadēmica Orientālis|talk]]) 12:25, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Philaweb]]. 18,000+ edits in 5+ years with 1,000+ articles created on the English Wikipedia. 8,000+ edits in 5+ years with 1,400+ articles created on the Danish Wikipedia. Content creation mainly in the context of WikiProject Latvia on both wikipedias. Would like to find sources that can enable expansion of created articles and new articles within the field of European geography and history-related articles. [[User_talk:Philaweb|Talk]]/[[User:Philaweb|♥фĩłдωəß♥]]\[[Special:Contributions/Philaweb|Work]] 13:45, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Neotarf]]. While I am a somewhat newer user than preferred, I am placing my request here in case there are extra subscriptions available. Like many newer users, I prefer creating new content to maintaining existing articles. My first article, although still in somewhat rough form, has already gotten 700-some hits in less than two months, and the topic has since been covered by the English-speaking mainstream media for the first time, in part, I believe, because of the extensive sourcing I did on the article. In the near future, I plan to write about several contemporary artists. My main interests are human rights, the Middle East, and Wikipedia article titling policy. I live in a region where the internet is heavily censored, and have no access to sources outside of the internet. [[User:Neotarf|Neotarf]] ([[User talk:Neotarf|talk]]) 16:45, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Davewild]] approx 40,000 edits, admin from 2007, HighBeam would be very useful on the election and current affairs articles I usually edit/create. [[User:Davewild|Davewild]] ([[User talk:Davewild|talk]]) 18:29, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Kyteto]]. Unrestricted access to this large archive would be greatly appreciated in my chosen field of interest, overhauling and refitting aircraft articles, in coordination with WP:Aircraft. Over the last four years I have worked extensively on many articles to improve content quality and especially verification, I feel I have made a real difference to 30-40 or so articles, which I have linked on my userpage for prosterity. I plan to be heavily editing more articles in the future, and another tool in my arsenal would enable my efforts to go further and add more to these articles. On countless research runs on different aviation matters I have encountered Highbeam articles, it would be far easier to use and incorperate them as sources if I could actually view the majority of the content instead of a restricted preview. [[User:Kyteto|Kyteto]] ([[User talk:Kyteto|talk]]) 18:32, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Teslaton]]. Slovak Wikipedia, 4 years, 1000+ local/2000+ global edits. IT/electric.eng. In fact, more technical editing, than real copywriting, but yet access can be useful from time to time… --[[User:Teslaton|Teslaton]] ([[User talk:Teslaton|talk]]) 19:22, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Adam Zábranský|Adam Zábranský]]. Czech Wikipedia, almost 4 years, 13000+ edits. I'm content creator (13 GA), I write mostly about science, interesting people and Middle Eastern states. --[[User:Adam Zábranský|Adam Zábranský]] ([[User talk:Adam Zábranský|talk]]) 20:32, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Jaan|Jaan]]. English Wikipedia. 14,000 edits, mostly creating or editing content. Have created 66 articles. The main topics are and will be history and geography of Estonia and pop music of the 1960s. [[User:Jaan|Jaan Pärn]] ([[User talk:Jaan|talk]]) 20:50, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:January|January]]. Editor since 2009, 19,000 edits, 12 DYKs and 1 GA. [[User:January|January]] ([[User talk:January|talk]]) 21:27, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Girlwithgreeneyes|Girlwithgreeneyes]] Editor since 2009. 2,900 edits. [[User:Girlwithgreeneyes|Girlwithgreeneyes]] ([[User talk:Girlwithgreeneyes|talk]]) 22:26, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Berita|Berita]] German Wikipedia, active since 2008, > 3,000 edits.--[[User:Berita|Berita]] ([[User talk:Berita|talk]]) 22:33, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:L.tak|L.tak]] English wikipedia (officially dutch wikipedia as home wikipedia, but not many edits there), with >5000 edits; editing since 2007 I believe. Various interests (dutch subjects; identity documents; treaties) and looking forward to using/evaluating this as a sourcing opportunity. [[User:L.tak|L.tak]] ([[User talk:L.tak|talk]]) 22:58, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:sephia_karta|sephia karta]] | [[User talk:Sephia karta|dimmi]] 00:03, 9 April 2012 (UTC) > 3000 edits, active since 2006, mostly with [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Abkhazia]], mostly interested in news wires from the nineties & noughties.
# [[User:Jc37|jc37]] - En.Wikipedia administrator. Over 6 years, 30k+ edits. This would be helpful to check references. As for me, I have multiple interests (several noted at [[User:jc37/Userboxes]]). - [[User:Jc37|jc37]] 00:29, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Sasata|Sasata]] – I meet the qualifications and do not have access through my university account. [[User:Sasata|Sasata]] ([[User talk:Sasata|talk]]) 02:21, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Cloveapple]]. English Wikipedia. 3,500+ edits. There are some articles I'm having trouble referencing that this would be a help on. I've added references to some poorly referenced articles and helped to improve a few that were up for deletion. [[User:Cloveapple|Cloveapple]] ([[User talk:Cloveapple|talk]]) 02:58, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:TonyTheTiger]]. English Wikipedia. Nearly 200,000 edits. I write University of Michigan- and Chicago-related biographies often about athletes. I also write about a lot of sports teams for the University and City. I intend to do broad and general research largely focused on these areas. I also have lately begun writing old television epsisodes. I have a wide variety of other editorial interests but these are my focuses.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]]/[[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]]/[[User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio Vernon|BIO]]/[[WP:CHICAGO]]/[[WP:FOUR]]) 05:11, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Biosketch]] – English Wikipedia; 4,500+ edits; member of WikiProject Companies, where HighBeam articles are an exceedingly valuable resource; have created 40 articles, of which several were DYKs.—[[User:Biosketch|Biosketch]] ([[User talk:Biosketch|talk]]) 07:33, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:stone]] – English Wikipedia; Improved most of the GA chemical elements articles. ([[Chromium]], [[Nickel]], [[Potassium]] ....) --[[User:Stone|Stone]] ([[User talk:Stone|talk]]) 09:03, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:HaeB|HaeB]] - Active since 2003 on the English Wikipedia (over 19000 live edits) and German Wikipedia (over 35000), frequently checking changes to articles on my watchlist, verifying and adding sources. Thanks! Regards, [[User:HaeB|HaeB]] ([[User talk:HaeB|talk]]) 09:10, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Armbrust|Armbrust]] - Active since December 2008 on the English Wikipedia with over 100,000 edits. [[User:Armbrust|Armbrust, B.Ed.]] [[User talk:Armbrust|Let's talk]][[Special:Contributions/Armbrust|about my edits?]] 10:58, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Markus Schulenburg]] - English Wikipedia ~150 Edits and German Wikipedia ~10000 (home wiki), frequently checking changes to articles on my watchlist, verifying and adding sources. Thanks! Regards, --[[User:Markus Schulenburg|Markus S.]] ([[User talk:Markus Schulenburg|talk]]) 12:23, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Regiomontanus|Regiomontanus]] ([[User talk:Regiomontanus|talk]]) German Wikipedia (sometimes en), active since 2004, ~31.000 edits de. Topics: biology, geology, archeology. Quality checks and improvement of various articles. --[[User:Regiomontanus|Regiomontanus]] ([[User talk:Regiomontanus|talk]]) 12:50, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Viridiscalculus]]. Over 6000 edits in close to 2 1/2 years in the English Wikipedia, almost all of it related to the [[WP:WikiProject U.S. Roads|U.S. Roads]] WikiProject. I intend to use the service to research the history of highways in Maryland and other states, and help other editors who are doing the same. '''[[User:Viridiscalculus| V]][[User talk:Viridiscalculus|C ]]''' 13:02, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Nanobear]]. I've been active since late 2007, have performed over 12000 edits, created over 80 articles and authored 13 DYKs. I always do a lot of research for my content contributions, and I'm always in need of more sources. [[User:Nanobear|Nanobear]] ([[User talk:Nanobear|talk]]) 17:33, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Duschgeldrache2]]. I'm writing mainly in German Wikipedia (sometimes also in Commmons) and I'm active there under this account since February 2007 with nearly 5000 edits, writing in different fields. Since 2010 I'm servicing the German Wikipedia's [[:de:portal:Färöer|Faroe Islands portal]]. --[[User:Duschgeldrache2|Duschgeldrache2]] ([[User talk:Duschgeldrache2|talk]]) 18:31, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Taylornate]]. Active in Project Medicine. I mainly concentrate on articles related to plastic / reconstructive surgery and hand surgery.--[[User:Taylornate|Taylornate]] ([[User talk:Taylornate|talk]]) 18:51, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Pmlineditor|Pmlineditor]] - Primarily Simple Wikipedia, 4 FAs and 7 GAs there plus 150+ created articles and 3 GAs here. Admin on four content projects. 3 years active with 30k+ edits. [[User:Pmlineditor|Pmlineditor]] ([[User talk:Pmlineditor|t]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Pmlineditor|c]] '''·''' [[Special:Logs/Pmlineditor|l]]) 18:54, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Puffin]]. Active on the English Wikipedia for over a year, 13,000+ edits, improved [[Djungarian hamster]] to GA standard and hoping to improve many [[rodent]] related articles in the future. '''[[User:Puffin|Puffin]]''' ''[[User talk:Puffin|Let's talk!]]'' 20:20, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:raeky]] Long time wikipedian with many edits. — [[User:Raeky|raeky]][[User talk:Raeky|t]] 02:38, 10 April 2012 (UTC)


{{collapsebottom}}

==Applicants for round 2, post-April 16th open period==
''I'm aiming for a May 1 delivery date on these. I'll keep you posted.'' Also, a big thanks to [[User:Madman]] for writing a bot to email the activation codes. Huge! [[User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] [[User talk:Ocaasi|t ]]|[[Special:Contributions/Ocaasi| c]] 13:59, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Tom harrison]], editor since 2004, 43000 edits. [[User:Tom harrison|Tom Harrison]] [[User talk:Tom harrison|Talk]] 13:38, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Armchair QB]]. Active on English Wikipedia since May 2009, editing football-related articles (NFL, college football, alternative professional leagues). [[User:Armchair QB|Armchair QB]] ([[User talk:Armchair QB|talk]]) 16:14, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Nageh]] – Active on the English Wikipedia for more than 3 year with 4500+ edits. Content contributor to a variety of topics, though with a focus on engineering, mathematics, computer science, and geopolitics. [[User:Nageh|Nageh]] ([[User talk:Nageh|talk]]) 20:57, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
#I'm about five weeks short of the 1-year requirement, so I'll quite understand if that automatically rules me out, but I have more than 9000 edits in the time I've been here. Access to Highbeam's journal articles would allow me to branch out from my mainly copyediting/gnomish tasks to creating and improving articles on folklore, literature, and social history. [[User:George Ponderevo|George Ponderevo]] ([[User talk:George Ponderevo|talk]]) 22:25, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Nerêo]] - Active on the Spanish Wikipedia since April 11, 2006 with 51943 edits (52245 in all proyects + others users). I created 553 new articles in Spanish Wikipedia (History, Geography, ...)--[[User:Nerêo|Nerêo]] ([[User talk:Nerêo|talk]]) 23:24, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Magister Mathematicae]] Active on spanish wikipedia, 7 year old contributor with +46000 edits on spanish wikipedia and +27000 edits on english wikipedia. Work on mathematics related articles. [[User:Magister Mathematicae|Magister Mathematicae]] ([[User talk:Magister Mathematicae|talk]]) 00:30, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Jayjg]]. Long-time wikipedian, over 100,000 edits. 7 FAs, 8 GAs, many other articles created. [[User:Jayjg|Jayjg ]][[User_talk:Jayjg|(talk)]] 01:51, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Montgomery]]. User of es.Wikipedia since 2006 with up to 35000 edits. I used to verify and expand the content of new articles. [[User:Montgomery|Montgomery]] ([[User talk:Montgomery|talk]]) 11:01, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Kismalac]] Active on spanish wikipedia, 3 year contributor with +3000 edits, mostly related to physics and mathematics. [[User:Kismalac|Kismalac]] ([[User talk:Kismalac|talk]]) 11:47, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
#{{user|whpq}} Editor since December 2005, and over 40K edits. I am member of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Unreferenced articles|WikiProject Unreferenced articles]], and previously worked on [[Wikipedia:Unreferenced BLP Rescue|Unreferenced BLP Rescue]] reducing the backlog to zero. -- [[User:Whpq|Whpq]] ([[User talk:Whpq|talk]]) 14:56, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{user|Padraic}} Editor since 2004, 10K global edits, do lots of work adding citations. --'''[[User:Padraic|Padraic]]''' 17:04, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{user|YuMaNuMa}} Account created in December 2010, have been editing since June 2011, I have just under 2000 edits, a large portion of which are article edits. I frequently work on articles of a smaller size thus reliable sources do become quite scarce at times. ''[[User:YuMaNuMa|YuMa]][[User talk:YuMaNuMa|NuMa]]'' [[w:Special:Contributions/YuMaNuMa|Contrib]] 17:23, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{user|Uranus95}} German Wikipedia since 2004, 2000+ edits, i work on the economic history of the twenties and thirties
# [[User:Bob the Wikipedian|Bob the WikipediaN]] ([[User talk:Bob the Wikipedian|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bob the Wikipedian|contribs]]) Veteran editor, class 3 (over 16K edits). My home is in paleobiology, zoology, and mythology.
# {{User|Tomtomn00}} English Wikipedia since 2010 (4000+ edits), German Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, Commons, Latvian Wikipedia. When I write articles (around 40-50 now) I always add sources to them, no matter what. I often add sources to unsourced articles, or improve the sources. '''~ [[User:Tomtomn00|⇒TomTom]][[User talk:Tomtomn00|N00]] @''' 18:41, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:53, 11 April 2012 (UTC) - Editing since 2005 in English, Hebrew, Russian, Catalan and Esperanto. Also editing in Wikisource and Wiktionary. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:53, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[:eu:Lankide:TXiKi|TXiKi]] - Editing Wikipedia since 2006. Mainly on Basque Wikipedia, but also on Catalan, Spanish, and English Wikipedias. Running interwiki bot ([[:eu:Lankide:TXiKiBoT|TXiKiBoT]]) since late 2006. [[User:TXiKi|TXiKi]] ([[User talk:TXiKi|talk]]) 20:15, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{User|thegreatdr}} English Wikipedia since 2006, (37,000+ edits). Been part of the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones]] for six years. [[User:Thegreatdr|Thegreatdr]] ([[User talk:Thegreatdr|talk]]) 20:17, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# {{user|Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington}}, enwp admin/editor since January 2006 with ~15000 edits.
# {{user|Hemanshu}} - Active editor since 2003, more than 10,000 edits to English wikipedia, started Gujarati & Marathi editions of Wikipedia. --[[User:Hemanshu|Just my 2 cents -- Hemanshu]] ([[User talk:Hemanshu|talk]]) 20:21, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# --[[User:Manjel|Manjel]] ([[User talk:Manjel|talk]]) 20:31, 11 April 2012 (UTC) German Wikipedia since 2008, more than 3,000 edits
# [[User:Philip Cross|Philip Cross]] ([[User talk:Philip Cross|talk]]) 21:31, 11 April 2012 (UTC) on English Wikipedia since October 2004, 48,000 edits, created about 160 articles, mainly work on biographies.
# [[User:DarTar|DarTar]]. Editing since 2004 on enwiki, itwiki, frwiki, commons, meta, 4.8K global edits, WMF staff and co-editor of the [[:m:Research:Newsletter|Research Newsletter]] constantly hitting paywalls since I lost access via academic subscriptions.
# [[User:Pontificalibus|Pontificalibus]] I like to rescue articles tagged for deletion by finding sources, and also expand articles on 19th and early 20th corporations, amongst others, so I think this would be a useful asset for me --[[User:Pontificalibus|Pontificalibus]] ([[User talk:Pontificalibus#top|talk]]) 22:07, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Calliopejen1|Calliopejen1]] Editor since 2005 (under [[User:Calliopejen]]), administrator since 2007, over 70,000 edits with current account. Interested in combatting systemic bias with coverage of topics traditionally of interest to women (e.g. fashion) and coverage of the developing world. [[User:Calliopejen1|Calliopejen1]] ([[User talk:Calliopejen1|talk]]) 23:12, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:John Carter|John Carter]] - longtime editor, about 150K total edits, although many of those are minor, interest in developing material on primarily the developing world, religion, and books, on the last particularly which sources available are and are not particularly good, and in what areas. [[User:John Carter|John Carter]] ([[User talk:John Carter|talk]]) 23:50, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# 23:52, 11 April 2012 (UTC) Editor since 2004, with an interest in naval history from the early 1900s (or any obscure naval topics). 29,525 edits on this account. Arbitrator emeritus (with all the nonsense that entails). Currently working for [[Wikimedia UK]], organising training sessions for new Wikipedians - and participating in the [http://uk.wikimedia.org/wiki/World_War_I World War 1 Editathon]. My wife is also an administrator on Wikipedia. [[User:Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry|The Cavalry]] ([[User talk:Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry|Message me]]) 23:52, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Julle]] About 15K global edits. Do write content, but would mainly use it to source and save notable and verifiable articles that risk deletion because said notability and verifiability haven't been proved. Mainly active on Swedish Wikipedia. /[[User:Julle|Julle]] ([[User talk:Julle|talk]]) 00:32, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
#{{User|Ezhiki}}. Active since 2004; interested mainly in geography and political structure of Russia. Having access to English-language sources would be invaluable.—[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky)]] • ([[User talk:Ezhiki|yo?]]); April 12, 2012; 00:49 (UTC)
# [[User:Mrschimpf]] - Active since May 2005 on en.wiki with over 26,000 edits, would use resources mainly to prop up coverage of media subjects such as television and radio histories which are hard to trace without hours of library and microfilm access. '''[[User:Mrschimpf|Nate]]''' • ''([[User_talk:Mrschimpf|chatter]])'' 05:09, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Lihaas]] - First started sometime in 2008 with over 20,000 edits. Mostly work on election articles from around the world, particularly the small countries outside the anglosphere of USA, UK, Canada and Australia and expand stubs to actual content. (See [[Finnish parliamentary election, 2011]] that we almost got to FA.) Also work on current events and expansions beyond stub creations and target DYK as a measure of a good new article. Ive made many articles that went on to global relevance like [[Tawakel Karman]] and [[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa]].[[User:Lihaas|Lihaas]] ([[User talk:Lihaas|talk]]) 08:53, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Dr. Blofeld]] - Would be useful for a wide range of articles.♦ [[User talk:Dr. Blofeld|Dr. Blofeld]] 11:17, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Shivanarayana]] mostly active on italian wikipedia at present, in the past even on en.wiki with a former nick, mainly interested in history and science, worshiper of [[WP:CITE]]--[[User:Shivanarayana|Shivanarayana]] ([[User talk:Shivanarayana|talk]]) 21:20, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Roscelese]] - registered since November 2005, 17K+ edits. My work on political and historical articles, particularly, would benefit from access to the database. –[[User:Roscelese|Roscelese]] ([[User talk:Roscelese|talk]] ⋅ [[Special:Contributions/Roscelese|contribs]]) 23:12, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:RashersTierney]] - registered since 2007, 17K+ edits so far. Member of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Ireland|WikiProject Ireland]] (and a few others). Watch for new edits, mostly to ensure refs check out. Sorely miss my post-grad college access to similar databases for reference-checking on the project. [[User:RashersTierney|RashersTierney]] ([[User talk:RashersTierney|talk]]) 23:36, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Risker|Risker]] ([[User talk:Risker|talk]]) 03:23, 13 April 2012 (UTC) - Six years, 18K edits, will be useful for the content editing I plan to do in the next few months. [[User:Risker|Risker]] ([[User talk:Risker|talk]]) 03:23, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Xezbeth]] - user since 2004, ~47k edits, mainly interested in using it for missing articles on individual species. —[[User:Xezbeth|Xezbeth]] ([[User talk:Xezbeth|talk]]) 10:06, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Rannpháirtí anaithnid]] - Account since 2004, active since 2006, ~20k edits. Active in content development, particularly around [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Ireland|WikiProject Ireland]] and in British/Irish areas in general. Verification and understanding of particularly complex and nuanced POV issues is a essential in the main area of my contributions. Access to a library of high-quality (and broad ranging) references such as HighBeam would be an enormous contribution to this area. I would be willing to act on behalf of others (i.e. respond to requests) in sourcing and verifying, if granted access. --[[User:Rannpháirtí anaithnid|RA]] ([[User talk:Rannpháirtí anaithnid|talk]]) 11:33, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Hohenloh]] - 8,679 edits since June 2008 on English-language Wikipedia. Interested in using it for research for articles on general history, medical history, politics and the like. [[User:Hohenloh|Hohenloh]][[User_talk:Hohenloh| + ]] 16:09, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Ched Davis]] active since 2008, many areas including: history, military, philosophy, sports.
# [[User:North8000]] 5 yrs (3 years active) 20k edits. Diverse areas with some focus on technical, folk music, northern geographic/history, & Scouting. ''North8000'' ([[User talk:North8000#top|talk]]) 20:50, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Dream Focus]] I have been active on Wikipedia for 5 years, 8 months and 26 days. I have done a lot of searching for news articles for a rather large number of AFDs over the years, in order to find reliable sources providing the articles should not be deleted. This tool would help greatly. I have 17,803 edits. [[User:Dream Focus | '''Dream Focus''']] 20:51, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Kgorman-ucb]] year and a half of activity or so, ~5000 edits. I have access to some other resources when I'm on campus, but not highbeam itself and it would be useful for some old media sources. [[User:Kgorman-ucb|Kevin (kgorman-ucb)]] ([[User talk:Kgorman-ucb|talk]]) 20:54, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Jakew]] I've been active since 2003, and have made approx 15,000 edits. I maintain some difficult articles that require careful sourcing, and this would be invaluable. [[User:Jakew|Jakew]] ([[User talk:Jakew|talk]]) 20:56, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Delicious carbuncle]] Beloved and respected editor with over 18K contributions since 2008. Main interest is BLP sourcing. [[User:Delicious carbuncle|Delicious carbuncle]] ([[User talk:Delicious carbuncle|talk]]) 21:22, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Keilana]] I've been a Wikipedian since 2007 and have made more than 40,000 edits. I've worked all over the encyclopedia, but am currently working to improve the articles about the constellations. Having access to this service would be incredibly helpful in my research, because I could have access to academic articles for free, greatly expanding the scope of the articles I work on. [[User:Keilana|Keilana]]<nowiki>|</nowiki>[[User talk:Keilana|Parlez ici]] 21:25, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[:es:Usuario:PePeEfe|PePeEfe]] active since 2008 on es.wiki with more than 8000 edits, mainly on palaeontology and geology. [[User:PePeEfe|PePeEfe]] ([[User talk:PePeEfe|talk]]) 21:39, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Raintheone]] I registered in 2006, have 21000+ contributions and I have promoted articles via DYK and GAN. I concentrate on fictional characters and BLP articles - I have actively added real world content and exhaust every nook and cranny searching for sources. I think HighBeam would be an extremely useful tool and drive content building forward.[[User:Raintheone|'''Rain''']] [[User talk:Raintheone|'''the 1''']] 21:56, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Salvador_alc]] Contributor in Spanish Wikipedia since March 2006 (~4500 edits). There, I edit articles about history and philosophy of religions. This tool would help me to create news articles and expand others, because the free sources online about this issues are poor. [[User:Salvador alc|Salvador alc]] ([[User talk:Salvador alc|talk]]) 22:12, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Noon]]. Active since 2004, with more than 9,500 global contributions, mainly in the Hebrew Wikipedia, but also in the English Wikipedia and some others. 2 Featured articles in the Hebrew Wikipedia. HighBeam might be quite useful for me. [[User:Noon|Noon]] ([[User talk:Noon|talk]]) 22:20, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Jasper Deng]]. Joined May 2008, active since early 2011. 19000+ edits here, with ~1200 on other Wikimedia wikis.--[[User:Jasper Deng|Jasper Deng]] [[User talk:Jasper Deng|(talk)]] 22:46, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Despayre]]. Member of the Guild of Copy Editors. While working for the guild I spend a lot of time, not only making grammatical repairs, but also adding additional citations when I can, as well as confirming cites of more controversial material. If you are using [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pcount/index.php?name=Despayre&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia X!'s edit counter], you can see that the majority of my edits (over 50%) have been to articles themselves, and that of all of those edits, only 1.3% of them have been reverted. As a history student, I take citation of source matters very seriously. There are several different areas on WP that I would like to spend more time on, but I do enjoy copyediting as it gives me a chance to see many new articles that I may not have normally encountered, and I enjoy making those articles better when I can, this resource should help tremendously. I also edit when I am away from my home PC and can provide you with proof if needed, I have hundreds of other edits that don't have my username attached (just in case that edit counter of just over 900 was a possible problem). --[[User:Despayre| Despayre ]] [[User_talk:Despayre|tête-à-tête]] 22:53, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Aymatth2]]. I start a lot of articles on a variety of subjects. I often can see the HighBeam article has content that would be useful, but cannot see the content. [[User:Aymatth2|Aymatth2]] ([[User talk:Aymatth2|talk]]) 00:43, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Shearonink]] 9800+ edits, editing since March 2010. I just found out about this opportunity. So many times I've gone to verify content or to do in-depth research and have been stymied because I don't have access to a content database like HighBeam. HighBeam would be a big help in both [[WP:AFC]] issues and with my own content creation. [[User:Shearonink|Shearonink]] ([[User talk:Shearonink|talk]]) 01:17, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Bidgee]] editor since 2005 with 44,000+ edits, my article creation, expansion and improvement has been limited to the amount of free sources I can use and having an HighBeam account would help me to find more sources. [[User:Bidgee|Bidgee]] ([[User talk:Bidgee|talk]]) 03:25, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:O'Dea]]. Veteran Editor active since 2004 with over 11,300 edits. Very wide ranging scope of interests with strong emphasis on Ireland. Some inter-wiki activity in other language wikis, Commons, Wikisource, Wiktionary, and so on. Keen to get hands on quality research material. [[:File:Usher statue - closeup.jpg|'''— O'Dea''']] ([[User talk:O'Dea|talk]]) 04:02, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[:de:User:Minderbinder]]. (Caution: the SUL account ''Minderbinder'' belongs to me everywhere but on en:WP, thus I am signing with my rarely used en:WP account here.) Editor on the German Wikipedia since 2005 with 47.000+ edits, also active on Commons. Writing mainly on history, architecture and art. Easy access to journal articles would help a a lot. --[[User:Minderbinder-de|Minderbinder-de]] ([[User talk:Minderbinder-de|talk]]) 06:52, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Jeanne boleyn]] Editor with over 80,000 edits, active on English Wikipedia since April 2008. I have created and edited many articles on the Northern Ireland Troubles issues so having access to HighBeam articles would greatly assist me in my research and vastly improve the quality of the articles.--[[User:Jeanne boleyn|Jeanne Boleyn]] ([[User talk:Jeanne boleyn|talk]]) 07:38, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Jan eissfeldt]] 16k+ edits since march 2004 on de/en/es.wp. main focus: theoretical philosophy, history of ideas & economics. highbeam would provide me with access to social science-related stuff, relevant for wikipedia-topic areas on my to-do in the field of history of social science, i can't access otherwise, regards --[[User:Jan eissfeldt|Jan eissfeldt]] ([[User talk:Jan eissfeldt|talk]]) 07:44, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:PamD]], editor on English Wikipedia since 2006, 52,000 edits, mostly wikignoming like stub-sorting and disambiguation work; it would be useful to have access to resources to find refs for unreferenced stubs, check information, etc. [[User:PamD|'''''Pam''''']][[User talk:PamD|'''''D''''']] 07:57, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:-jkb-]], editor since 2004 (diff. projects like cs:wp, different wikisources etc., today mainly de:wp), some 47 000 edits total, some 25 000 edits in de:wp; writing mostly in hisory, political developments etc., still researching in these areas and it would be a great help, see [[:de:Benutzer:-jkb-]], [[User:-jkb-|-jkb-]] 08:38, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Johnuniq]]. Active at enwiki since December 2007 with 20,000 edits. Much weaker content creation than many others above, but this tool would be useful when adding refs to expand some of the stubs I encounter. [[User:Johnuniq|Johnuniq]] ([[User talk:Johnuniq|talk]]) 08:45, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:NapHit]]. Editor on English wikipedia since 2007, I have improved over 40 lists and articles to good and featured status. An account would enable me to do more research and improve some of these articles and help me expand other articles to good and featured status. [[User:NapHit|NapHit]] ([[User talk:NapHit|talk]]) 09:55, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Jamietw]]. Editor on English Wikipedia with over 2,500 edits. I am frequently active in [[WP:AfC]] and [[WP:NPP]] I feel this tool would be helpful in verifying information and adding references to new pages which have been submitted but don't have them. I could also use it to expand shorter articles from stubs through the information I could obtain through the website. Thank you for considering my application, [[User:Jamietw|Jamietw]] ([[User talk:Jamietw|talk]]) 10:23, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Millbart]]. Editor and sysop on German wikipedia with more than 30,000 edits in all namespaces. Main topics: Business and economics, social sciences in general. Access to the wide variety of journals will help me verify and expand existing content, especially where NPOV is critical. [[User:Millbart|Millbart]] ([[User talk:Millbart|talk]]) 11:00, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Alelapenya]]. Editor on Spanish Wikipedia since 2009 with above 23 000 edits. I'm interessing in articles on History and Politics. [[User:Alelapenya|Alelapenya]] ([[User talk:Alelapenya|talk]]) 11:07, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Lugnad]]. Editor on English Wikipedia since 2005 with 7,500+ edits. Mainly Irish & Maritime topics. I would find such a resource very useful. [[User:Lugnad|Lugnad]] ([[User talk:Lugnad|talk]]) 12:52, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Night of the Big Wind]]. Editor on the English (about 15000 edits) and Dutch Wikipedia (about 24000 edits). Active from 2010/2011 (English WP) and 2006 (Dutch WP). Main focus now on Michelin starred restaurants and chefs, Irish traditional musicians and Ireland. Access to the wide variety of journals will help me verify and expand existing content. [[User:Night of the Big Wind|Night of the Big Wind]] [[User talk:Night of the Big Wind|talk]] 13:58, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Alaney2k]] Editor since 2006 with several good and featured articles, 51,000 edits. While I have been primarily expanding the content of the ice hockey pages, I also edit topics related to Toronto and Canada, films and aviation. I would very much appreciate access to Highbeam to further my research for Wikipedia. ʘ [[user:alaney2k|'''alaney2k''']] ʘ ([[user talk:alaney2k|talk]]) 14:31, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Wsiegmund]] Active on English Wikipedia with almost 10,000 edits since 2005. I contribute mainly to biological and other science-related articles and expect to continue to do the same. --[[User:Wsiegmund|Walter Siegmund]] [[User_talk:Wsiegmund|(talk)]] 15:06, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Kablammo]]. 20,000+ edits over six years, majority to articles. Thanks for considering me. [[User:Kablammo|Kablammo]] ([[User talk:Kablammo|talk]]) 15:08, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Billreid]]. Edit British medieval articles and main editor to 2 GA articles plus one currently under consideration. Nearly 6k edits. --[[User:Billreid|Bill Reid]] | ([[User talk:Billreid|talk]]) 15:25, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Ankitbhatt]]. Have edited for a little over three years, and currently have over 8,000 edits. Major work has been devoted to content addition. Specialty is films. I have two [[WP:GA|good articles]] to my credit, one of which is currently being expanded to [[WP:FA|featured article]] status. ~*~'''[[User:Ankitbhatt|Ankit]][[User talk:Ankitbhatt|Bhatt]]'''~*~ 16:42, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:SandyGeorgia]]. en.wiki. I missed the first round-- am I too late? I've been editing since 2006, have about 140,000 edits, and my focus is on editing medical articles, which typically requires access to full text of journal articles. Along with resigning as FAC delegate so I could focus more on medical articles, I also have recently relocated and have no access to a medical library or journal databases. I have also recently begun new page patrolling of medical articles, and while I often encounter what looks like copyvio, I'm unable to doublecheck journal articles. I'd appreciate being considered for this access. Thanks! [[User:SandyGeorgia|SandyGeorgia]] ([[User talk:SandyGeorgia|Talk]]) 17:02, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Snappy]]. Editor since 2005 on English Wikipedia with over 60,000 edits, mainly on Irish politics and history. Access to HighBeam would be very useful for me. [[User:Snappy|Snappy]] ([[User talk:Snappy|talk]]) 17:09, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Dennis Bratland]]. Mostly [[User:Dennis_Bratland#DYKs|new articles]] related to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Motorcycling|WikiProject Motorcycling]], also biographies like [[Thomas Krens]], [[Thomas M. Messer]], [[Edith Macefield]]. Frequently need access to Boston Globe and Chicago Tribune archives via HighBeam. --[[User:Dennis Bratland|Dennis Bratland]] ([[User talk:Dennis Bratland|talk]]) 17:54, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Gilderien]] Highly active (>100 edits/month) Wikipedian, > 1 year tenure and verging on 3000 edits, would be useful in content work.--[[User:Gilderien|Gilderien]] [[User talk:Gilderien|Talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Gilderien|Contribs]] 18:08, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:Fluffernutter]]. 4 years active, about 28k edits. [[User:Fluffernutter|A fluffernutter is a sandwich!]] ([[User talk:Fluffernutter|talk]]) 18:38, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Foxj]] - Wikipedian of almost six years, around 28,000 edits across a number of Wikimedia project sites. Co-author of several featured and "good" articles, as well as featured lists, pictures, sounds, portals and topics. — [[User talk:Foxj|'''fox'''j]] 18:42, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Wikiwind]]. Active on Serbian wikipedia with over 10.000 edits, mainly on politics, law, LGBT topics...--''[[User:Wikiwind|В и к и]][[User talk:Wikiwind| T ]] 19:24, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[user:OohBunnies!]] - Been editing for two years, over 2,500 edits. I think access would help at AfC for expanding articles and also hopefully for topics I want to cover like UK literature. [[user:OohBunnies!|OohBunnies!]] [[user_talk:OohBunnies!|Leave a message]] 21:16, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Contains Mild Peril]] - had a Wikipedia account since 2007, >1,300 edits in a variety of subject areas: particularly interested in popular music articles and in adding citations demonstrating notability in articles which may be threatened with deletion. [[User:Contains Mild Peril|Contains Mild Peril]] ([[User talk:Contains Mild Peril|talk]]) 21:45, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Shuki]]. WP for over six years and 10000 edits. Working mainly on creating and expanding articles in WP:Israel and WP:Judaism. --[[User:Shuki|Shuki]] ([[User talk:Shuki|talk]]) 01:05, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Agadant]]. Active since 2006 with over 12,000 edits on musicians and related articles and on biographies. Have created 80 articles and added content with sourcing to many more. Have 2 [[WP:GA|GA]] articles. [[User:Agadant|Agadant]] ([[User talk:Agadant|talk]]) 02:35, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Muhandes]]. Active on the English Wikimedia since 2007, more than 80,000 edits. Though most of my work is cleanup and anti-vandalism related, I have created about a hundred articles, mostly about lighthouses, including three [[WP:GA|GA]] articles and 38 [[WP:DYK|DYK]]. I intend to work in the future on more lighthouse articles but also to contribute to Education in India articles and to popular music ones. --[[User:Muhandes|Muhandes]] ([[User talk:Muhandes|talk]]) 04:51, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Rivertorch]]. Active account since 2006, >10k edits. This would be a help in content creation, including article expansion, and for improving refs in various places. [[User:Rivertorch|Rivertorch]] ([[User talk:Rivertorch|talk]]) 06:12, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Karthikndr]]: I call myself as ciator, always filling the [citation needed] tag with some references. References is always what I work for! Active only since 2010, however with more than 14,000 edits. -- [[User:Karthikndr|♪Karthik♫]] [[User talk:Karthikndr|♪Nadar♫]] 06:46, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Kondicherry]]: I edit BLPs and cities/states articles, sometimes references, finding references is difficult sometimes, this will help.
#:I'd vouch for [[User:Kondicherry|Kondicherry]]. Excellent editor from what I've seen. --[[User:Rsrikanth05|Rsrikanth05]] ([[User talk:Rsrikanth05|talk]]) 07:19, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Sabbut]]: User since 2003, [http://toolserver.org/~quentinv57/sulinfo/Sabbut over 70,000 edits] globally, almost all of them in Spanish Wikipedia. Most of my work is maintenance and cleanup, but from time to time I also create articles on mathematics, politics and other subjects. [[User:Sabbut|Sabbut]] ([[User talk:Sabbut|talk]]) 10:07, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:BengaliHindu]]: User since 2009, with nearly 3,000 edits and 80+ articles. -- [[User:BengaliHindu|BengaliHindu]] ([[User talk:BengaliHindu|talk]]) 11:19, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:PageantUpdate]]: Editor since 2006, well over 1000 edits, focussing mainly on beauty pageants. Not as active as I used to be but that's because I left uni & loss access to good research sites! Used to spend hours citing articles, would be nice to get back in the groove. [[User:PageantUpdater|PageantUpdater]] [[User talk:PageantUpdater|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/PageantUpdater|contribs]] 12:53, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Alpertron]] Editor since 2006, 11600+ edits in Spanish Wikipedia, I have written 4 AD and 2 GA from scratch. [[User:Alpertron|Alpertron]] ([[User talk:Alpertron|talk]]) 14:36, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Black Kite]] Editor since 2006, 40000 edits, apart from creating content Highbeam is useful for finding sources relating to deletion issues in which I am active. [[User:Black Kite|Black Kite]] ([[User talk:Black Kite|talk]]) 14:59, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Ulisse0]] Long time wikipedian on it.wiki with many edits. --[[User:Ulisse0|Ulisse0]] ([[User talk:Ulisse0|talk]]) 17:38, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Dumelow]] - Editor since 2006, 14,000 or so edits. Active in article creation, mainly on military and engineering history - [[User:Dumelow|Dumelow]] ([[User talk:Dumelow|talk]]) 20:45, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Raulshc]] - User since 2008 on eswiki, 8000+ edits in several wikimedia projects. Mostly of my work is related with mathematics and natural sciences. --[[User:Raulshc|Raulshc]] ([[User talk:Raulshc|talk]]) 22:46, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:SMcCandlish]] – On enwiki, over 6 years and 70K+ edits (25K+ mainspace). I edit principally historical/archaeological, anthropological/linguistics and zoological articles, so better journal access would be a huge boon. It's ongoing work. I write articles like [[William A. Spinks]] (historical sports research), and work on major articles like [[Albinism]], [[Felidae|felinology]] articles, etc., continually. I intend to do some major improvement to [[History of sport]] and [[Manx cat]] very soon (I've spent over $200 on research materials for the latter alone). I had access to journal archives and such through UNM until 2010, but no longer have access as an alumnus. PS: I actually waited until 16 April. :-) — '''[[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]]'''   [[User talk:SMcCandlish|Talk⇒]] ɖ∘¿¤þ   [[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|Contrib.]] 00:10, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Chefallen]] - active since 2009, cuisine and food-related, Jewish history and religion. I would like to do a lot more research and update articles in these areas. --[[User:Chefallen|Chefallen]] ([[User talk:Chefallen|talk]]) 00:50, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]] ([[User talk:Rosiestep|talk]]) 02:18, 16 April 2012 (UTC). Editor since 2007, sysop since 2009, OA since 2011, inaugural Teahouse host 2012. Over 400 DYK? entries; over 54,000 edits mainly in the areas of history, anthropology, geography. Thank you. --[[User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]] ([[User talk:Rosiestep|talk]]) 02:18, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:WLRoss]] – Active on the English Wikipedia since 2006, 10,000+ edits. Created 14 articles. Primarily active in historical, military and Indigenous topics. Also active in BLPs and crime. [[User:WLRoss|Wayne]] ([[User talk:WLRoss|talk]]) 02:22, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[File:Terra globe icon light.png|30x15px]][[User:Esceptic0 | Esceptic0]] | [[User Talk:Esceptic0|✉ ✍]]. 03:42, 16 April 2012 (UTC) Active on the spanish wikipedia and wikiquote, mainly. with apparently only [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pcount/index.php?name=Esceptic0&lang=es&wiki=wikipedia 778] edits
#[[User:Critican.kane|Critican.kane]] - since January 2011, active in german wikipedia (→ [[:de:Benutzer:Critican.kane|Critican.kane]]) with over 550 writen articles (no stubs, real articles), over 9,5k edits (over 85% article edits) - writen 4 little stubs in eng wikipedia (and over 300 edits) - over 1k edits in 98 wikiprojects (and 17 other stubs for [[Isidore Mankofsky]] :)); I intend to write Film articles, about american tv films and movies (also actors, directors, film editors, screewriters, producers and composers) -- [[User:Critican.kane|Critican.kane]] ([[User talk:Critican.kane|talk]]) 06:52, 16 April 2012 (UTC) -- [[User:Critican.kane|Critican.kane]] ([[User talk:Critican.kane|talk]]) 04:37, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Gauravpruthi|Gaurav Pruthi]] - 1,422 Edits , active since April 6th , 2011 , interested in Space Flight and history articles and have created a dozen of articles related to Satellites [http://toolserver.org/~tparis/pages/index.php?name=Gauravpruthi&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects Click to See], craving for more. [[User:Gauravpruthi|Gaurav Pruthi]] 06:59, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:AlanM1]] - Editor since 2008-01-08. Only around 400 edits, but more active lately, and would like to be more active, still. I would be able to improve the quality of medical articles especially with cites from better-respected sources. — [[User:AlanM1|AlanM1]] ([[User_talk:AlanM1|talk]]) 11:19, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Alanscottwalker|Alanscottwalker]] ([[User talk:Alanscottwalker|talk]]) 12:07, 16 April 2012 (UTC) - I would use access for content creation and fact checking. I write in multiple content areas, including history, geography and others. Editor for several years over 6000 edits. Thanks. [[User:Alanscottwalker|Alanscottwalker]] ([[User talk:Alanscottwalker|talk]]) 12:07, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:ItsZippy|ItsZippy]] - account since August 2009, admin since April 2012. Active in writing articles about philosophy and theology, which often require access to (sometimes difficult to access) academic work. [[User:ItsZippy|ItsZippy]] ([[User Talk:ItsZippy|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ItsZippy|contributions]]) 16:24, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Buster7]] Editor since 04/08. 20000 edits. Have sandboxes filled with potential articles in need of fact checking. Thank you. ```[[User: Buster7|'''Buster Seven''']][[User talk:Buster7|''' Talk''']] 16:29, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Thehelpfulone]]. I've been around forever (well not really, but November 2007 is still quite a while!). 24k edits on English Wikipedia, active on Meta and various cross wiki work too. I'd like to increase my editing of articles and adding references/sources. Oh, and I've been a member of the [[WP:ADMIN|cabal]] since November 2008. [[User:Thehelpfulone|'''The''']][[User_talk:Thehelpfulone| '''Helpful''']][[Special:Contributions/Thehelpfulone| '''One''']] 18:36, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Maclean25]]. Account created in ~2005, I have several thousand edits, and usually work on content creation. I'm willing to see what they have to offer. —[[User:Maclean25|maclean]] ([[User talk:Maclean25|talk]]) 19:27, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Dsvyas]]. Primarily active on Gujarati Wikipedia since end of 2007 and have 10K+ edits. Also active on gu.wikisource (sysop on both, wiki as well as source). Mostly do content verification on gu.wiki, for which this access will help me greatly. [[:User:Dsvyas| Dhaval]][[:User_talk:Dsvyas|Talk]] 20:46, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Dweller]]. I thought I'd already requested this! Admin/crat/oversighter, account since 2005, c.40K edits. I think of myself primarily as a content contributer. Most of my work is on sport, but I spend a fair bit of time on BLP problems, wearing my oversighter hat. I have a bunch of [[User:Dweller/Featured|featured material to my name]] and this would really help build on that. --[[User:Dweller|Dweller]] ([[User talk:Dweller|talk]]) 20:50, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Fuhghettaboutit]]. Many thousands of edits; have been here since 2005; often do research for articles started by others and have written a number of featured and good articles.--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 22:15, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Keith D]]. Editor since September 2006, 127,000 edits. Mainly would use for verification work on English Wikipedia, though content expansion would be aided with access to sources. [[User:Keith D|Keith D]] ([[User talk:Keith D|talk]]) 00:48, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:EricSerge]]. Editor on English Wikipedia since 2007 but most active since 2009. Would utilize for verification work, expanding stubs, and utilize during the course of new content generation. [[User:EricSerge|EricSerge]] ([[User talk:EricSerge|talk]]) 01:12, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Gaijin]]. Active on Spanish Wikipedia since 2005. More than 1000 articles written. [[User:Gaijin|Gaijin]] ([[User talk:Gaijin|talk]]) 04:44, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Seraphimblade|Seraphimblade]] [[User talk:Seraphimblade|Talk to me]] Active on Wikipedia mostly with some work on Commons. Will be quite helpful, especially since I no longer have my previous college access. [[User:Seraphimblade|Seraphimblade]] [[User talk:Seraphimblade|Talk to me]] 07:25, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:RajeshPandey]] I am active on [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali Wikipedia], [[:ne:user:RajeshPandey]], [meta.wikimedia.org] , I am active since 2006. I translate from English and Hindi to Nepali [[Nepal]], I have about 6000+ edits. -[[User:RajeshPandey|RajeshPandey]] ([[User talk:RajeshPandey|talk]]) 09:13, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Apwoolrich]] Active since 2004 mainly writing pages on the history and biography of Industrial Revolution technology. 1500+edits. [[User:Apwoolrich|Apwoolrich]] ([[User talk:Apwoolrich|talk]]) 09:30, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Magalhães]] Active since 2005, with 60,000+ edits, mainly on Dutch wikipedia. I wrote 3000+ aricles about Philippine-related subjects and would use a Highbeam account for verification purposes and research for writing many articles more. [[User:Magalhães|Magalhães]] ([[User talk:Magalhães|talk]]) 09:41, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Neitram]] - Active since 2004, 10,000+ edits, mainly on German Wikipedia as a content creator and verificator. --[[User:Neitram|Neitram]] ([[User talk:Neitram|talk]]) 10:11, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Cerebellum]] - Active since 2007 on English Wikipedia, 7,000 edits, 2 GAs and over 100 articles created. I focus on military history and Christianity, my current projects are [[First Gospel of John]] and [[NATO logistics in the Afghan War]]. --[[User:Cerebellum|Cerebellum]] ([[User talk:Cerebellum|talk]]) 11:36, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Ron Ritzman]]. Editor since 2005. 70,000 edits. --[[User:Ron Ritzman|Ron Ritzman]] ([[User talk:Ron Ritzman|talk]]) 13:06, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Przemub]]. [[:pl:User:Przemub|Polish Wikipedia]]. I write articles about history of computer science. Often free sources in the Internet aren't available, so access to HighBeam Research will be very useful for me. [[User:Przemub|Przemub]] ([[User talk:Przemub|talk]]) 15:04, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Vipera]]. Editor since march 2006 on it.wiki, administrator since september 2009. I'm not focused on a main subject but i can say that my favourite fields are geography and history. --[[User:Vipera|Vipera]] ([[User talk:Vipera|talk]]) 16:27, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
# [[User:Fr33kman]] Over 3000 edits to enwiki, global steward, editor on simplewiki. '''''[[:m:User:Fr33kman|fr33k]][[User talk:Fr33kman|man]]''''' 22:36, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Malleus Fatuorum]]. Registered since 2006, more than 125,000 edits, over 30 FAs, and about 100 articles created from scratch. [[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus]] [[User_talk:Malleus_Fatuorum|Fatuorum]] 23:10, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
#[[User:Pap3rinik]]: user on Italian Wikipedia since 2005, sysop since 2006, 18k+ edits there. Mostly active in retro-patrolling, cleanup and verification activities on BLPs and other fields --[[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[User talk:Pap3rinik|talk]]) 07:50, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

User talk:Sue Gardner

2011-10-25T08:32:00Z

Pap3rinik: /* ED Barnstar */

{{User talk:Sue Gardner/top}}

== ''The Signpost'': 16 May 2011 ==

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<div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Subscribe|Unsubscribe]] · [[User:EdwardsBot|EdwardsBot]] ([[User talk:EdwardsBot|talk]]) 02:16, 17 May 2011 (UTC)</div>


== ''The Signpost'': 23 May 2011 ==

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<div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Subscribe|Unsubscribe]] · [[User:EdwardsBot|EdwardsBot]] ([[User talk:EdwardsBot|talk]]) 02:31, 24 May 2011 (UTC)</div>


== The Great American Wiknic ==
Hi there! In the past, you've [[Wikipedia:Meetup/San Francisco/Invite|expressed an interest]] in local meetups of Wikipedians. Well, here's your chance! On Saturday, June 25, we'll be joining Wikipedians in cities all over the country for the first annual '''Great American Wiknic''' -- the picnic that anyone can edit! We'll meet up at a park in SF -- hopefully in the sun -- all other details are still in deliberation!

If this sounds fun, please add your name to the list: [[Wikipedia:Meetup/San Francisco/Wiknic]] and add that page to your watchlist. (And of course, feel free to edit that page with your ideas, questions, etc.) I look forward to wiknicking with you! -[[User:Peteforsyth|Pete]] ([[User talk:Peteforsyth|talk]]) 00:32, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 30 May 2011 ==

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<div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Subscribe|Unsubscribe]] · [[User:EdwardsBot|EdwardsBot]] ([[User talk:EdwardsBot|talk]]) 20:26, 31 May 2011 (UTC)</div>


== Dominique Strauss Kahn Sexual Assault Allegation ==
Hi Sue. Just a 'heads-up' to let you know that User Off2riorob is currently blanking "Feminist and Anti-sexist reaction". I've restored but can't a third time because of [[WP:3RR]]. Issue is debated end of [[Talk:Dominique_Strauss-Kahn_sexual_assault_case#Michelle_Conti_.28Natasha_Kiss.29 | Michelle Conti (Natasha Kiss)]] section on the talk page. [[User:FightingMac|FightingMac]] ([[User talk:FightingMac|talk]]) 00:23, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
:Hi there is a thread regarding this article at the BLP noticeboard. Regarding this content about feminists and anti-sexists opinions of a rape trial as such they are completely opinionated and unworthy of inclusion in a pre judicial article about the trial and case. If you dispute the sections removal please discuss at the BLP thread, [[Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard#Dominique_Strauss-Kahn_sexual_assault_case]] - currently the discussion is only about the pornographic actors claims but we can expand to include the femenists opinions as well, thanks. [[User:Off2riorob|Off2riorob]] ([[User talk:Off2riorob|talk]]) 12:01, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
::I've opened a section about it on the talk page [[Talk:Dominique_Strauss-Kahn_sexual_assault_case#opinions_of_feminists_and_anti-sexists | here]]. I've asked Off2riorob's opinion on three areas '''1''' the question of notability '''2''' the issue of soapboxing '''3''' what I call the 'Fula student' test. I maintain that '''1''' the issues are very notable '''2''' that there is no soap-boxing '''3''' that students are served better for knowing the case has prompted feminist and anti-sexist reaction in France. Off2riorob's blank appears to have been prompted by the citation of a primary source, a feminist petition, but Wikipedia's policy requiring discretion with primary sources centre on OR and not soap-boxing and Off2riorob would have been better advised simply to replace the citation if it bothered him. I would also like to see his response to a remark I have made about editor equality.

::(added) I would be grateful if you could contribute your views. Please do not attempt a restore as that will be seen as edit-warring, however unjust that might seem. Regarding the BLPN thread that was started by me in affort to remove a BLP contentious and libelous edit to the effect that DSK had had sex with a porn actress which it's contributor refused to delete. Off2riorob supported that but then cut the feminist content as well.

::BTW can you please restore my ''Paris Match'' edit. Its point was to document sexism in the French press. You can either restore my edited version or I would much prefer the original 'tits and bum' version. Up to you but I would like to see you restore please. Thank you. [[User:FightingMac|FightingMac]] ([[User talk:FightingMac|talk]]) 22:52, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 6 June 2011 ==

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== Could use your help at [[WP:Novels]]! ==

Saw your [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sue_Gardner&diff=433969841&oldid=432441967 recent change in interests], and I would like to invite you to participate in [[WP:WikiProject Novels]]. I find writing about novels, and other written fiction, to be the most relaxing and fun article writing to participate in! What is more fun, the articles are really straight forward to write (we even have a mos with good hints on structure, [[WP:MOS (novels)]]) and the likelihood that their will be controversy on the article is almost non-existent! I find it relaxing to dig into the context of novels, because you learn a lot and really get to understand what you read better! A recent article I worked on ''[[The Great Lover (novel)|The Great Lover]]'', I would definitely recommend reading (the book that is, though the article could always use another set of eyes :P ). Unfortunately, WP:Novels has only been operating at minimal capacity, doing mostly maintenance stuff for the past year or so. We could really use some more interested users to create content! (I strongly suspect that this is a product of the Gender Bias and our lack of humanities editors). We could really use some more editors working with modern literature, I hope you will join us! If you need any help feel free to ask, and happy editing! [[User:Sadads|Sadads]] ([[User talk:Sadads|talk]]) 08:31, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

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== Editing tips ==

Hey Sue, after reading the [[Civil Harassment Restraining Order]] article you mentioned today, I wanted to drop you two editing tips:
# It's always a nice courtesy after you create an article to create the Talk page too with any relevant WikiProject templates. They're usually just <tt><nowiki>{{WikiProject Subject}}</nowiki></tt>.
# I saw you reused a couple references over. It's easier to do that if you use [[WP:NAMEDREFS|named references]] to avoid the repetition.
Cheers, [[User:Steven Walling|Steven Walling]] 03:40, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

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== Minor update to your user page ==

Hi. I [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sue_Gardner&diff=435761411&oldid=433969841&diffonly=1 changed] your user page to reflect Danese's upcoming departure. --[[User:MZMcBride|MZMcBride]] ([[User talk:MZMcBride|talk]]) 05:30, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
:: Oh thanks, MZ :-) [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 22:31, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

==DYK for Civil Harassment Restraining Order==
{{tmbox
|style = notice
|small =
|image = [[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|15px|Updated DYK query]]
|text = On [[Wikipedia:Recent_additions#27 June 2011|27 June 2011]], '''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated with a fact from the article '''''[[Civil Harassment Restraining Order]]''''', which you created or substantially expanded. The fact was ''... that the penalty for a stalker violating a '''[[Civil Harassment Restraining Order]]''' in California is a sentence of two to four years in prison?'' You are welcome to check how many hits the article got while on the front page ([[User:Rjanag/Pageview stats|here's how]], [http://stats.grok.se/en/201106/Civil_Harassment_Restraining_Order quick check]) and add it to [[WP:DYKSTATS|DYKSTATS]] if it got over 5,000. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|Did you know? talk page]].
}} [[User:Calmer Waters|'''''Calmer''''']] [[User talk:Calmer Waters|'''''Waters''''']] 18:02, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

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== Your speech at WiHED summit helped inspire this proposal ==

I was following your presentation on Twitter via the #wihed hashtag, and what you said about Wikipedia's coverage of the social sciences and humanities rang true for me. I've been trying hard to get some teamwork and collaboration going to help improve weak history articles (history, especially history outside of the United States and Europe are weaknesses at present) with limited success. So, in part because of your WiHED speech, I've created this proposal that–extrapolating from the Wikimedia Strategic Plan to 2015–aims to change the way collaboration works on Wikipedia: [[strategy:Proposal:Moving_beyond_moribund_WikiProjects_to_new_platforms_for_collaboration|Proposal: Moving beyond moribund WikiProjects to a new platform for collaboration]]

It's just a start, but your thoughts are appreciated!

[[User:NickDupree|NickDupree]] ([[User talk:NickDupree|talk]]) 20:28, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
: Now that's a fine idea - however, instead of focusing on 'inactivity' as the bane of wikiprojectdom, how about '''providing better tools for wikiproject groups''' to replace the clumsy project system? A more structured and simpler system would make being active easier, and would automatically provide visualization for which were active and which were not. [a continuous view there could supplement an 'active/inactive' label] – [[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj| +]] 20:39, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
:: I'd love for the Wikimedia Foundation folks to implement the better social and collaborative tools alluded to in the Wikimedia Strategic Plan to 2015, or at least give us more information on when it's expected. In my view, the sooner the better; we lose too many editors to the lack of collaborative environment/broken platform to support collaboration. I want to move forward to exciting new social and collaborative tools, ASAP. :-) –[[User:NickDupree|NickDupree]] ([[User talk:NickDupree|talk]]) 21:02, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

@SJ, we have the foundations there that needn't be just swept away. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject United States]] has got reactivated earlier this year, as has its [[Wikipedia:U.S. Wikipedians' notice board/USCOTM|collaboration]], with some good work done. Am planning the same with [[Wikipedia:U.S. Wikipedians' notice board/USCOTM|China's]]....[[User:Casliber|Casliber]] ([[User talk:Casliber|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Casliber|contribs]]) 21:49, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
:No one wants to sweep away ''collaborations that are '''working''''', only to revive ones that died long ago! And new social and collaborative tools will enhance both healthy and struggling teams alike. :-) [[User:NickDupree|NickDupree]] ([[User talk:NickDupree|talk]]) 22:22, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
::I'm not convinced that the availability of particular tools is a significant determining factor in whether collaborative groups succeed or fail; if that were the case, then I would expect a more even spread of activity across the existing projects, since the tools available to each are roughly identical. My experience is that the opposite is actually true: successful projects can become and remain active ''despite'' a lack of tools—and, indeed, the core community of active projects has gradually invented various tools to fulfill its own requirements, rather than having them provided ''a priori''. The core impediment, in my view, remains social rather than technological; and this is arguably harder to fix, because doing so effectively requires recognizing the existence of certain fundamental weaknesses in Wikipedia's social model. [[User:Kirill Lokshin|Kirill]] [[User talk:Kirill Lokshin|[talk]]] [[User:Kirill Lokshin/Professionalism|[prof]]] 23:59, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
:::The key is finding the people interested - it really only needs four or so folks really interested in a topic area to take off - hence advertising various collaborative events is critical. [[User:Casliber|Casliber]] ([[User talk:Casliber|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Casliber|contribs]]) 04:56, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

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==Thank you==
It was a pleasure meeting with you as well. I'm encouraged by the actions of general counsel, and I'm also very happy that my top pick for liaison has not refused the nomination. [[User:Cool Hand Luke|Cool Hand]] ''[[User talk:Cool Hand Luke|Luke]]'' 17:07, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

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== A lot of muck being thrown at Wikipedia ==

Ms. Gardner a lot of muck is thrown at Wikipedia, can you arrange for someone competent to look at it please. <link to blatant personal attack redacted>.[[User:Yogesh Khandke|Yogesh Khandke]] ([[User talk:Yogesh Khandke|talk]]) 11:11, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
:It's just a silly blog post over which we have no control. It gave us a laugh, and we have all ignored it and moved on - I suggest you do the same yourself rather than spamming the link to it all over the place (here, Jimbo's page, my page) -- [[User:Boing! said Zebedee|Boing! said Zebedee]] ([[User talk:Boing! said Zebedee|talk]]) 11:39, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
::Ms. Gardner a lot of muck ''is'' thrown at Wikipedia, please ''do''. [[User:Yogesh Khandke|Yogesh Khandke]] ([[User talk:Yogesh Khandke|talk]]) 12:59, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

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== Thanks! ==

Always a pleasure to have public technical difficulties :p. Give me a poke if you're around - I'm in the Rapaport Hall about to start a panel with James, Kat, Karen and a couple of others. [[User:Ironholds|Ironholds]] ([[User talk:Ironholds|talk]]) 07:03, 6 August 2011 (UTC)
:No problem; Karen and I are perched outside the Rapaport as we speak - I assume you'll be inside, given that it's Jimmy's closing speech ;p. Give me a poke if you have time; I need to pester you about something ;p. [[User:Ironholds|Ironholds]] ([[User talk:Ironholds|talk]]) 13:14, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

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== May I ask you a courtesy? ==
[[File:WikiChicks Dinner.jpg|thumb|40 out of 130]]
Hello,

I do not know, if I will attend the next Wikimania, but this time I disliked very much the name "Wikichicks lunch", which was one of the reasons I did not attend it. I am no chick at all, I do not regard other women as chicken and had never the intention to lunch in a chicken coop. I am sorry, but that name did not sound funny to me but ridiculous. In fact on my lunch table there were some rather ribald(?) jokes on chicks, dicks and pigs. So as a courtesy I would like to have this name changed. Thanks for your attention. [[User:Catfisheye|Catfisheye]] ([[User talk:Catfisheye|talk]]) 19:40, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
:p.s. Someone said that about 20% of the Wikimania attendees were female. That would be 130 women, I do not know how many of them were locals, but I just counted 40 women at the Wikichicks lunch which took place _before_ sabbath started, so I wonder where were the _90_ other women? And why they did not attend? (I just checked your contribs to Wikipedia and saw that you are not often here around, so yeah, do not why I am writing anything here, maybe it is just for the record, that somebody has given it a thought.)

: Hi Catfisheye. I didn't name Wikichix (I think it is spelled with an x) and I don't have any control over what it's called. You can read more about the history of the group and its name, [http://geekfeminism.wikia.com/wiki/WikiChix on this page]. Thanks for your note. [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 22:00, 17 August 2011 (UTC)
::Hello, thanks for your fast reply. Well in the Conference book and the invitation e-mail it was spelled Chicks, but anyway, the stylish ''x'' IMHO does not change that much.I have to admit that first I chatted with Jorm about this issue, he did not know whom to address, so I addressed you, but as you state you are not the right person either. So now I do not know what to do about this thing, i. e. I will just keep staying away and maybe there is one or two other women between the 90 missing who have the same reason for non-attendance. I did what I could. ;) Regards [[User:Catfisheye|Catfisheye]] ([[User talk:Catfisheye|talk]]) 23:50, 17 August 2011 (UTC)

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== Executive Director's Barnstar ==

I have a nomination: [[User:WhatamIdoing|Whatamidoing]]. She has consistently proven to be a sane and friendly voice in every discussion I have seen her partake in. She has contributed an enormous amount of time engaging with community members on behalf of myself and the New Editor Engagement group, answering questions about our various projects (such as Article Feedback) and even taking a couple bullets from a couple jerks. I have personally given her much WikiLove, but I think she deserves as much as possible.--[[User:Jorm (WMF)|Jorm (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Jorm (WMF)|talk]]) 00:57, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
:Seconded. She does amazing work all around the project. :) --[[User:Moonriddengirl|Moonriddengirl]] [[User talk:Moonriddengirl|(talk)]] 01:04, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

== E.D. Barnstar - DeltaQuad ==

Hi Sue,

I'd like to nominate [[User:DeltaQuad]] for your new barnstar. He's fantastic... and almost single-handedly handles the emails from people who are trying to get past a block (because they are in a school that's blocked, or their roommate was dumb, or whatever). Never loses his cool, and always does a good job. [[User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe Beaudette, Wikimedia Foundation]] ([[User talk:Philippe (WMF)|talk]]) 03:20, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

== E.D. Barnstar - Abhilasha369 ==
Hi Sue: I'd like to nominate [[User:Abhilasha369]]. She's a student in the Wikipedia India Education Program and has started and edited 2 fantastic articles [[Robinson Crusoe Economy]] & [[Ragnar Nurkse's Balanced Growth Theory]]. She's put in awesome work - as the articles testify. ...er, you might want to also tell her who you are coz she might not know. [[User:Hmundol|Hmundol]] ([[User talk:Hmundol|talk]]) 08:44, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

== E.D. Barnstar - Nice poa ==

Hi, Sue! I'd like to nominate [[User:nice poa]] for the ED Barnstar. Nice is the top editor on the Portuguese encyclopedia and has been part of the community for a while. I haven't worked with her directly --she prefers to keep a lower profile--but I'm told that she's a wonderful Wikipedian (the username says it all) and deserves the ED Barnstar for her time and dedication to Wikipedia. Her Portuguese account is here: http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usu%C3%A1rio:Nice_poa [[User:Mokapantages|Mokapantages]] ([[User talk:Mokapantages|talk]]) 21:21, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

== A barnstar for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Philip Dawe, The Macaroni. A Real Character at the Late Masquerade (1773) - 02.jpg|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Fabulous Hair Dandy Award'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | This special barnstar is for all the hard work Sue has put into the [[Hairstyle]] article! Well done and may you always have a fabulous hairstyle! [[User:SarahStierch|SarahStierch]] ([[User talk:SarahStierch|talk]]) 23:07, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
|}

== A Burberry handbag for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Burberry_handbag.jpg|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Thank you!'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you so much, Sue! I am really honoured to be the fourth recipient of the Executive Director's Barnstar! It's beautiful! :-)
As a matter of fact, I'm so honoured to even interact with you! I noticed you're interested in handbags... So here'a a handbag for you... a virtual one. :-) Hopefully you already have this one!!! :D
Even after my part in the Wikipedia India Education Program is over, I'll surely continue editing articles on Wikipedia. The ability to use the "edit" button comes with great power. And I promise to uphold it with great responsibility!
Regards [[User:Abhilasha369|Abhilasha369]] ([[User talk:Abhilasha369|talk]]) 04:02, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
|}

== Nomination ==

Hi, I'd like to nominate [[User:Courcelles]] for the Executive Director's barnstar (although, with all due respect, I think the name implies some kind of presidential authority). Courcelles is one of our most active users here at Wikipedia, with [http://toolserver.org/~soxred93/pcount/index.php?name=Courcelles&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia a mere ~200k edits]. He started editing in December 2009 and was given admin privileges 6 months after that. In June 2011, he made about 20k edits. Additionally, he holds various [[WP:ADMINSTATS|admin action records]]. But numbers isn't all. Courcelles is a very friendly and sympathetic contributor, and participates regularly in anti-vandalism, dispute resolution, RfA discussions and [[WP:VRT|VRT]] tasks. Additionally, he's been entrusted with [[WP:AUSC|AUSC]] membership by the [[WP:Arbitration Committee|Arbitration Committee]], and given CheckUser and Oversight rights by consequence. He is a fantastic contributor, and I think that deserves recognition. Warmly, [[User:KuduIO|Kudu]] [[User talk:KuduIO|~I/O~]] 20:18, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

== Nomination RuWiki ==

Once again, thank you very much for your reward! The wiki-community is too large to mention all the deserving candidates.

But the situation related to the Incubator I know much better.

First of all, I want to note a great Incubator team - {{u|Dmitry89}}, {{u|Felitsata}}, [[ru:user:Letzte*Spieler|Letzte*Spieler]]. In 2010 we have come up with many new solutions to help newcomers and actively developed in the incubator for many months.

Probably the most noteworthy is Dmitry89's work: has been tirelessly reviewing and continually improving his bots, which for more than a year help to maintain order and cleanliness in the Incubator.

I would also like to mention those who had a particularly significant contribution to the very first, most difficult steps when the Incubator was a cause of the great skepticism and doubt.

This is the most experienced members of our section:
* {{u|Ilya Voyager}}, who has helped to make the first templates and supported the Incubator in spring 2009, when it was at the first draft stage.
* {{u|Kv75}}, who wrote the first bots for the Incubator. I also want to mention his deep understanding of the situation in the project, conversations with him helped to find better decisions.
* {{u|Yaroslav Blanter}}, who took the risk and had courage to place an new invitation to the authors, when it was still an unknown project. I would like to mention Yaroslav would like to mention as one of the best people in RuWiki who did a lot in general.

If we are talking about people not connected to the Incubator, [[user:Ctac|Stas Kozlovsky]], who does a great and difficult lobbying job trying to introduce in Russia the free license, panorama freedom etc.

I think that our yongest patroller, [[ru:user:Maxtirdatov|Maxtirdatov]], who is only 9 y.o. deserves a mention.

[[User:Samal2010|Samal2010]] ([[User talk:Samal2010|talk]]) 22:19, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

PS. Thanks {{u|Mstislavl|Victoria}} for her support with translation. [[User:Samal2010|Samal2010]] ([[User talk:Samal2010|talk]]) 22:20, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 19 September 2011 ==

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== More awards ==

I've got an idea. [[ru:Википедия:Проект:Инкубатор/Инкубатору 1 год|On the occasion of the anniversary]] we encouraged the participants who have made a significant contribution to the development of the Incubator by [[ru:Шаблон:Инкубатор,_Награда|awarding one of]]:
* Barnstar
* Medal
* Badge of honor
This allowed us to award many more editors.

Sorry that some pages are in Russian, our project is very international {{-)}}

[[User:Samal2010|Samal2010]] ([[User talk:Samal2010|talk]]) 19:19, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

== A nomination, if I may ==

Hi, Sue, I'd like to make a nomination for the Executive Director's Barnstar. And while I'm here, I'd like to say that it's really nice that the executive director, no less, can find time to acknowledge some of those people who keep the wheels turning on a day-to-day basis.Anyway, my nominee is {{User|Dank}}. Dan is an admin and a coordinator of the [[WP:MIL|Military History Wikiproject]], but he spends most of his on-wiki time reviewing and copy-editing military history articles at [[WP:PR|peer review]], [[WP:MHACR|A-class]], and [[WP:FAC|FAC]]. No matter what the article, Dan always has something constructive to say and useful suggestions to make. In fact, [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Military_history/Coordinators/Archive_36#Quarterly_reviewing_tallies|he reviewed 63 articles]] between May and June this year—almost every article within the project's scope nominated at one of those fora, and more than twice the number reviewed by any other. And yet nominators always appreciate his comments, and he always manages to keep a cool head, even when somebody is being stubborn or awkward or downright rude—a trait I've always admired, but not one that comes naturally to me!For his sheer dedication to the project, I think Dan is a perfect candidate for this barnstar, and I hope you'll consider him. All the best, [[User:HJ Mitchell|'''HJ Mitchell''']] | [[User talk:HJ Mitchell|Penny for your thoughts? ]] 01:13, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

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== Talkback ==

At [[:hi:User Talk:Siddhartha Ghai#Congratulations!]] --[[User:Siddhartha Ghai|Siddhartha Ghai]] ([[User talk:Siddhartha Ghai|talk]]) 06:22, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

== Nomination ==

Hello Sue, I would like to nominate [[User:Anna Frodesiak]] for the Executive Director's barnstar. Anna is a Canadian residing in [[Haikou]], China. She has created hundreds of new articles in diverse fields. She has a great personality and her sense of humor creates a happy atmosphere here. She is a talented artist as shown by the cover picture on her user page. Anna always attempts to convert troublesome users into productive editors. She is friendly, patient and caring with new editors. She welcomes them with personalized messages. She has been recently helping a class of 170 students from [[Wikipedia:WikiProject China/NNU Class Project|Nanjing Normal University]]. Anna has also been working with multiple biology wikiprojects to get the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals/Draft capitalization guidelines|capitalization guidelines for animals]] in place. She is an asset to Wikipedia and deserves the barnstar. Thank you for your attention. — [[User:Ganeshk|Ganeshk]] ([[User talk:Ganeshk|talk]]) 13:13, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

*I second this nomination, and endorse all of the above. Anna's wall of pictures on her userpage is representative of her diverse work here on Wikipedia, each picture links to an article she created. -- [[User:OlEnglish|&oelig;]][[User talk:OlEnglish|™]] 14:51, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
* Yes! Anna is well-deserving. She's also been a great asset to the ambassador program.--[[User:Sross (Public Policy)|Sage Ross - Online Facilitator, Wikimedia Foundation]] ([[User talk:Sross (Public Policy)|talk]]) 20:25, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

==[[Wikipedia:Barnstars]]==
Hi Sue. Would you like your barnstar to be included among the official list at [[Wikipedia:Barnstars]] (maybe [[Wikipedia:Personal user awards]] would be more suitable)? -- [[User:OlEnglish|&oelig;]][[User talk:OlEnglish|™]] 15:01, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

::That would be great! I think you're right: personal user awards makes the most sense. Thanks (and thank you for your earlier nomination too). [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 06:22, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

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== An idea to help one of WP's editor gaps ==

[[Image:Face-badtooth.svg|thumb|100px|alt=gap toothed smile.|Filling the gaps|right]]I was thinking about some of the gaps the foundation is working to fill and I wondered if anyone has considered extending Campus Ambassador type programs to "adult education," "community education," "continuing education" or other classes that people tend to take later in life? This would have the dual benefits of diversifying our editor pool and also tapping a group of people that tend to have some spare time.

Part of the reason for some contributors fading out may simply be the business of careers or raising family as they leave young adult hood. I've often been struck by the Mormon model of missionary work and how it recognizes this. There is a pool of young 19 to 24 years old missionaries, but there is also a large number of senior missionaries who volunteer as retirees. I'm not suggesting that the Foundation is a church (!) but I think we could do well to consider that young adulthood is only one of the two times in life when people tend to have more free time and fewer career obligations.
[[User:Cloveapple|Cloveapple]] ([[User talk:Cloveapple|talk]]) 17:01, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

== Nomination: Dreamyshade ==

I nominate [[User:Dreamyshade]] for the ED's Barnstar. She's been consistently editing, dicussing, guiding, gnoming and adding substantive content, contributing images, and generally being constructive on Wikipedia for about ten years. [[User:Sumanah|Sumanah]] ([[User talk:Sumanah|talk]]) 13:15, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

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== Open Letter to the Executive Director ==

Dear Sue,

perhaps it might be wise to consider that questioning judgment, intelligence and empathy, publicly and repeatedly, of the unpaid volunteers that generate the money you take home every month could quite possibly not be the most effective strategy known to man.

If you’re not so sure about that, perhaps you should commission a report that deals with the question if people donate money to the Wikimedia Foundation because

* a) they trust the editorial judgment of the communities that create Wikipedia and all these other (more often than not) really useful sites or
* b) they think the Foundation’s Executive Director (whose position wouldn’t even exist without the countless hours of volunteer work that predated its creation) is doing such a terrific job at telling those same people, publicly and repeatedly, that they lack in empathy.

I have a feeling that the results might tend a little bit towards a), even among female, not so computer-savvy or non-white donors.

Your sincerely, [[User:Carbidfischer|The Man Who Yelled At Ting]] -- 15:58, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
::@Carbidfisher: Less coffee, please. Thnx.
::@Sue: Nevertheless I think [http://suegardner.org/2011/09/28/on-editorial-judgment-and-empathy/ this blogpost] wasn't very helpful in a way to calm things down. Maybe you'll find a way to say you are sorry. Regards, --[[User:Kellerkind|Kellerkind]] ([[User talk:Kellerkind|talk]]) 19:45, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

: pretty much +1. You can't expect those (the critics) to find compromises with you, while there is till the insult as non-empathic in the world and i saw nowhere any taking back of those words by you or a real apology. That is the first step. And the guarantee that the filter won't be forced in any way. On this I neither trust you nor the Board ... as sad as it is that I can't trust the heads of the project i immolated so much of my free time and money upon, on which i wrote over 400 articles and seven of them as featured and five as good articles. I did 30.000 edits, not to provocate, but to offer best information to the reader. I see no respect for me and other critics. How can this be a basis for dialogue. If possible I will be at the event with you on november here in Germany. The first sentence you should say should imply a "sorry". --[[User:Julius1990|Julius1990]] ([[User talk:Julius1990|talk]]) 19:10, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

:::Hello Carbidfischer, Kellerkind, Julius1990. I've been meaning to reply here for a while, and there are some comments on my German WP talkpage that I want to respond to, as well.

:::Really, what my blog post and the reactions to it have shown me is how little mutual understanding there is between me and the German editorial community. That's a shame, but it's better for me to know it than not know it, so that I can aim to fix it.

:::I know about a dozen German Wikipedians personally, which is not very many. Typically the Germans I know best are the ones who interact on the meta-level lists, in English, and/or who turn up at international events, or are involved with the chapter. The language barrier is a real challenge for me. In English, I can easily read people's contributions and participation in discussions, and they can read mine --- so even if I haven't interacted individually with somebody, we can get a pretty good sense of each other by reading the wikis. Upshot being: it is difficult for me to interact easily and fluidly with the German community, because I do not speak German, and that's a shame.

:::So. Upon reflection, I think I probably made four mistakes in my blog post. First, I assumed that the people reading it would understand my starting point: that I've got tons of respect for all editors, and that I admire and support their work. For anyone who doesn't know me, that apparently is not obvious, and so I guess it's understandable that they felt provoked or attacked by what I wrote. That's a shame. Second, I probably made a mistake by kicking off the post by writing about the appearance of the vulva article on the main page of the German Wikipedia. I did it innocently, because I think it's a really great example of the problem we face. In using a specific example, though, I needlessly alienated good editors such as Achim Rashka, who I gather misunderstood me and felt I was criticizing the article itself. I regret that: I wasn't criticizing the article, and I would never deliberately antagonize editors who do good work. My third mistake was thinking that I could talk solely about editorial issues, while people were still anxious that the Wikimedia Foundation was going to impose a category-based image filter on the projects regardless of whether they wanted it. For the purposes of that blog post, I was attempting to set aside the issue of the filter, but in retrospect it's obvious that lots of people were not going to be able to have an editorial conversation, while the image filter was acting as a kind of elephant in the room. And fourth, I knew ---even as I wrote it I knew, but I ignored my own misgivings--- that calling out provocateurs and agitators, was going to be, itself, provocative. Wikimedians, I have learned in my time with you all, are super-sensitive to negative labels, and tend to feel like they personally are being criticized, even when they're not. I truly was speaking, not to all editors and not to people opposed to the filter --- I was speaking to people who I believe were at the time deliberately enjoying and escalating the conflict, rather than attempting to try to work towards a solution. I was asking those people to stop doing that. But I realize that lots of people wrongly thought I was talking to them, and felt accused and maligned, so I regret that I didn't just omit that point altogether.

:::So the post was in four ways clumsy, and I regret being clumsy. I don't like offending people, and I didn't mean to offend people. But I did learn some things from the experience. One important thing I learned was that I don't know enough about the editorial leaders in the German Wikimedia community. I know some of the chapter leadership, I know a few of the chapter staff, and I know the Germans who show up to international events, and who participate in the meta-level discussions in English. That's not sufficient, and I'm going to dedicate some energy now to better understanding the folks who write articles on the German Wikipedia. It's important that I do that, because the German community is important in and of itself, and also because I believe that as the most mature language-version, it's a bellwether or a canary in the coal mine, for us all. That's why I'm coming to Germany in a few weeks, and I'm also asking some of the Foundation staff to help me identify important German editors, so that the Foundation can develop deeper and smarter relationships with them. I will look forward to meeting you Julius1990, and whoever else turns up :-) Thanks. [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 01:34, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

:::: Thank you for your answer. So you are saying, essentially, that, after almost four years on the job, you still don’t know what you are doing but you hope to, some day, get to a point where you might know? I’m not very happy with that, given the responsibility you have and the donor’s money you get. In a position as the one you have, you can’t reflect ''after'' doing something, you have to reflect ''before'' you do it. Sorry, but clumsy ain’t enough. -- [[User:Carbidfischer|Carbidfischer]] ([[User talk:Carbidfischer|talk]]) 10:58, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

== Thank you ==

Sue, It was a pleasure meeting you, Matthew, and the other wikipedians who made my visit to the Foundation on Friday such a lovely experience. I am proud to associate with people who do such important work -- contributing in our various ways to this encyclopedia. Cheers, --[[User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]] ([[User talk:Rosiestep|talk]]) 20:19, 16 October 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 17 October 2011 ==

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==re: your message==

Hi Sue, I've left a reply to your message on [[User_talk:Marek69#Congratulations.21|my talk page]] -- [[User:Marek69|Marek]].[[Special:Contributions/Marek69|69]][[User_talk:Marek69|'' talk'']] 02:10, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

== ED Barnstar ==

Hallo Sue, first of all, thanks for the ED Barnstar! And do not worry: I am also the person in charge of translating Wikimedia Italia News in English, so I am supposed at least to be able to read English... ciao, [[:it:Utente:.mau.|.mau.]] [[:it:Discussioni utente:.mau.| ✉]] 20:09, 24 October 2011 (UTC) — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:.mau.|.mau.]] ([[User talk:.mau.|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/.mau.|contribs]])  

:Hi Sue.
:I'd like to thank you, as well, for the acknowledgment you wanted to give me, and to thank Frieda for making the nomination. To be honest this was actually a surprise to me, as I feel that I have had a role not different from all the others involved in this situation: as you have stated, the decision has been taken during a good community process thus I'll consider the barnstar not given to me personally, but to all the it.wikip community which, openly and collaboratively, went through such tough a process. I'd expecially like to acknowledge those who did not agreed with the decision but discussed it in a constructive way, pointing out the improvements that could be introduced in managing such situations, if ever such a situation will need to be managed again in the future (which I really hope will not be the case). --[[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[User talk:Pap3rinik|talk]]) 08:15, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

User talk:Sue Gardner

2011-10-25T08:15:08Z

Pap3rinik: /* ED Barnstar */ re

{{User talk:Sue Gardner/top}}

== ''The Signpost'': 16 May 2011 ==

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== The Great American Wiknic ==
Hi there! In the past, you've [[Wikipedia:Meetup/San Francisco/Invite|expressed an interest]] in local meetups of Wikipedians. Well, here's your chance! On Saturday, June 25, we'll be joining Wikipedians in cities all over the country for the first annual '''Great American Wiknic''' -- the picnic that anyone can edit! We'll meet up at a park in SF -- hopefully in the sun -- all other details are still in deliberation!

If this sounds fun, please add your name to the list: [[Wikipedia:Meetup/San Francisco/Wiknic]] and add that page to your watchlist. (And of course, feel free to edit that page with your ideas, questions, etc.) I look forward to wiknicking with you! -[[User:Peteforsyth|Pete]] ([[User talk:Peteforsyth|talk]]) 00:32, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 30 May 2011 ==

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== Dominique Strauss Kahn Sexual Assault Allegation ==
Hi Sue. Just a 'heads-up' to let you know that User Off2riorob is currently blanking "Feminist and Anti-sexist reaction". I've restored but can't a third time because of [[WP:3RR]]. Issue is debated end of [[Talk:Dominique_Strauss-Kahn_sexual_assault_case#Michelle_Conti_.28Natasha_Kiss.29 | Michelle Conti (Natasha Kiss)]] section on the talk page. [[User:FightingMac|FightingMac]] ([[User talk:FightingMac|talk]]) 00:23, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
:Hi there is a thread regarding this article at the BLP noticeboard. Regarding this content about feminists and anti-sexists opinions of a rape trial as such they are completely opinionated and unworthy of inclusion in a pre judicial article about the trial and case. If you dispute the sections removal please discuss at the BLP thread, [[Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard#Dominique_Strauss-Kahn_sexual_assault_case]] - currently the discussion is only about the pornographic actors claims but we can expand to include the femenists opinions as well, thanks. [[User:Off2riorob|Off2riorob]] ([[User talk:Off2riorob|talk]]) 12:01, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
::I've opened a section about it on the talk page [[Talk:Dominique_Strauss-Kahn_sexual_assault_case#opinions_of_feminists_and_anti-sexists | here]]. I've asked Off2riorob's opinion on three areas '''1''' the question of notability '''2''' the issue of soapboxing '''3''' what I call the 'Fula student' test. I maintain that '''1''' the issues are very notable '''2''' that there is no soap-boxing '''3''' that students are served better for knowing the case has prompted feminist and anti-sexist reaction in France. Off2riorob's blank appears to have been prompted by the citation of a primary source, a feminist petition, but Wikipedia's policy requiring discretion with primary sources centre on OR and not soap-boxing and Off2riorob would have been better advised simply to replace the citation if it bothered him. I would also like to see his response to a remark I have made about editor equality.

::(added) I would be grateful if you could contribute your views. Please do not attempt a restore as that will be seen as edit-warring, however unjust that might seem. Regarding the BLPN thread that was started by me in affort to remove a BLP contentious and libelous edit to the effect that DSK had had sex with a porn actress which it's contributor refused to delete. Off2riorob supported that but then cut the feminist content as well.

::BTW can you please restore my ''Paris Match'' edit. Its point was to document sexism in the French press. You can either restore my edited version or I would much prefer the original 'tits and bum' version. Up to you but I would like to see you restore please. Thank you. [[User:FightingMac|FightingMac]] ([[User talk:FightingMac|talk]]) 22:52, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 6 June 2011 ==

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== Could use your help at [[WP:Novels]]! ==

Saw your [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sue_Gardner&diff=433969841&oldid=432441967 recent change in interests], and I would like to invite you to participate in [[WP:WikiProject Novels]]. I find writing about novels, and other written fiction, to be the most relaxing and fun article writing to participate in! What is more fun, the articles are really straight forward to write (we even have a mos with good hints on structure, [[WP:MOS (novels)]]) and the likelihood that their will be controversy on the article is almost non-existent! I find it relaxing to dig into the context of novels, because you learn a lot and really get to understand what you read better! A recent article I worked on ''[[The Great Lover (novel)|The Great Lover]]'', I would definitely recommend reading (the book that is, though the article could always use another set of eyes :P ). Unfortunately, WP:Novels has only been operating at minimal capacity, doing mostly maintenance stuff for the past year or so. We could really use some more interested users to create content! (I strongly suspect that this is a product of the Gender Bias and our lack of humanities editors). We could really use some more editors working with modern literature, I hope you will join us! If you need any help feel free to ask, and happy editing! [[User:Sadads|Sadads]] ([[User talk:Sadads|talk]]) 08:31, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 13 June 2011 ==

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== Editing tips ==

Hey Sue, after reading the [[Civil Harassment Restraining Order]] article you mentioned today, I wanted to drop you two editing tips:
# It's always a nice courtesy after you create an article to create the Talk page too with any relevant WikiProject templates. They're usually just <tt><nowiki>{{WikiProject Subject}}</nowiki></tt>.
# I saw you reused a couple references over. It's easier to do that if you use [[WP:NAMEDREFS|named references]] to avoid the repetition.
Cheers, [[User:Steven Walling|Steven Walling]] 03:40, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 20 June 2011 ==

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== Minor update to your user page ==

Hi. I [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sue_Gardner&diff=435761411&oldid=433969841&diffonly=1 changed] your user page to reflect Danese's upcoming departure. --[[User:MZMcBride|MZMcBride]] ([[User talk:MZMcBride|talk]]) 05:30, 23 June 2011 (UTC)
:: Oh thanks, MZ :-) [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 22:31, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

==DYK for Civil Harassment Restraining Order==
{{tmbox
|style = notice
|small =
|image = [[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|15px|Updated DYK query]]
|text = On [[Wikipedia:Recent_additions#27 June 2011|27 June 2011]], '''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated with a fact from the article '''''[[Civil Harassment Restraining Order]]''''', which you created or substantially expanded. The fact was ''... that the penalty for a stalker violating a '''[[Civil Harassment Restraining Order]]''' in California is a sentence of two to four years in prison?'' You are welcome to check how many hits the article got while on the front page ([[User:Rjanag/Pageview stats|here's how]], [http://stats.grok.se/en/201106/Civil_Harassment_Restraining_Order quick check]) and add it to [[WP:DYKSTATS|DYKSTATS]] if it got over 5,000. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|Did you know? talk page]].
}} [[User:Calmer Waters|'''''Calmer''''']] [[User talk:Calmer Waters|'''''Waters''''']] 18:02, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 27 June 2011 ==

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== ''The Signpost'': 4 July 2011 ==

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== Your speech at WiHED summit helped inspire this proposal ==

I was following your presentation on Twitter via the #wihed hashtag, and what you said about Wikipedia's coverage of the social sciences and humanities rang true for me. I've been trying hard to get some teamwork and collaboration going to help improve weak history articles (history, especially history outside of the United States and Europe are weaknesses at present) with limited success. So, in part because of your WiHED speech, I've created this proposal that–extrapolating from the Wikimedia Strategic Plan to 2015–aims to change the way collaboration works on Wikipedia: [[strategy:Proposal:Moving_beyond_moribund_WikiProjects_to_new_platforms_for_collaboration|Proposal: Moving beyond moribund WikiProjects to a new platform for collaboration]]

It's just a start, but your thoughts are appreciated!

[[User:NickDupree|NickDupree]] ([[User talk:NickDupree|talk]]) 20:28, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
: Now that's a fine idea - however, instead of focusing on 'inactivity' as the bane of wikiprojectdom, how about '''providing better tools for wikiproject groups''' to replace the clumsy project system? A more structured and simpler system would make being active easier, and would automatically provide visualization for which were active and which were not. [a continuous view there could supplement an 'active/inactive' label] – [[User:Sj|SJ]][[User Talk:Sj| +]] 20:39, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
:: I'd love for the Wikimedia Foundation folks to implement the better social and collaborative tools alluded to in the Wikimedia Strategic Plan to 2015, or at least give us more information on when it's expected. In my view, the sooner the better; we lose too many editors to the lack of collaborative environment/broken platform to support collaboration. I want to move forward to exciting new social and collaborative tools, ASAP. :-) –[[User:NickDupree|NickDupree]] ([[User talk:NickDupree|talk]]) 21:02, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

@SJ, we have the foundations there that needn't be just swept away. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject United States]] has got reactivated earlier this year, as has its [[Wikipedia:U.S. Wikipedians' notice board/USCOTM|collaboration]], with some good work done. Am planning the same with [[Wikipedia:U.S. Wikipedians' notice board/USCOTM|China's]]....[[User:Casliber|Casliber]] ([[User talk:Casliber|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Casliber|contribs]]) 21:49, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
:No one wants to sweep away ''collaborations that are '''working''''', only to revive ones that died long ago! And new social and collaborative tools will enhance both healthy and struggling teams alike. :-) [[User:NickDupree|NickDupree]] ([[User talk:NickDupree|talk]]) 22:22, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
::I'm not convinced that the availability of particular tools is a significant determining factor in whether collaborative groups succeed or fail; if that were the case, then I would expect a more even spread of activity across the existing projects, since the tools available to each are roughly identical. My experience is that the opposite is actually true: successful projects can become and remain active ''despite'' a lack of tools—and, indeed, the core community of active projects has gradually invented various tools to fulfill its own requirements, rather than having them provided ''a priori''. The core impediment, in my view, remains social rather than technological; and this is arguably harder to fix, because doing so effectively requires recognizing the existence of certain fundamental weaknesses in Wikipedia's social model. [[User:Kirill Lokshin|Kirill]] [[User talk:Kirill Lokshin|[talk]]] [[User:Kirill Lokshin/Professionalism|[prof]]] 23:59, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
:::The key is finding the people interested - it really only needs four or so folks really interested in a topic area to take off - hence advertising various collaborative events is critical. [[User:Casliber|Casliber]] ([[User talk:Casliber|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Casliber|contribs]]) 04:56, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 11 July 2011 ==

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==Thank you==
It was a pleasure meeting with you as well. I'm encouraged by the actions of general counsel, and I'm also very happy that my top pick for liaison has not refused the nomination. [[User:Cool Hand Luke|Cool Hand]] ''[[User talk:Cool Hand Luke|Luke]]'' 17:07, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 18 July 2011 ==

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== A lot of muck being thrown at Wikipedia ==

Ms. Gardner a lot of muck is thrown at Wikipedia, can you arrange for someone competent to look at it please. <link to blatant personal attack redacted>.[[User:Yogesh Khandke|Yogesh Khandke]] ([[User talk:Yogesh Khandke|talk]]) 11:11, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
:It's just a silly blog post over which we have no control. It gave us a laugh, and we have all ignored it and moved on - I suggest you do the same yourself rather than spamming the link to it all over the place (here, Jimbo's page, my page) -- [[User:Boing! said Zebedee|Boing! said Zebedee]] ([[User talk:Boing! said Zebedee|talk]]) 11:39, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
::Ms. Gardner a lot of muck ''is'' thrown at Wikipedia, please ''do''. [[User:Yogesh Khandke|Yogesh Khandke]] ([[User talk:Yogesh Khandke|talk]]) 12:59, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 25 July 2011 ==

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== ''The Signpost'': 01 August 2011 ==

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== Thanks! ==

Always a pleasure to have public technical difficulties :p. Give me a poke if you're around - I'm in the Rapaport Hall about to start a panel with James, Kat, Karen and a couple of others. [[User:Ironholds|Ironholds]] ([[User talk:Ironholds|talk]]) 07:03, 6 August 2011 (UTC)
:No problem; Karen and I are perched outside the Rapaport as we speak - I assume you'll be inside, given that it's Jimmy's closing speech ;p. Give me a poke if you have time; I need to pester you about something ;p. [[User:Ironholds|Ironholds]] ([[User talk:Ironholds|talk]]) 13:14, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 08 August 2011 ==

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== May I ask you a courtesy? ==
[[File:WikiChicks Dinner.jpg|thumb|40 out of 130]]
Hello,

I do not know, if I will attend the next Wikimania, but this time I disliked very much the name "Wikichicks lunch", which was one of the reasons I did not attend it. I am no chick at all, I do not regard other women as chicken and had never the intention to lunch in a chicken coop. I am sorry, but that name did not sound funny to me but ridiculous. In fact on my lunch table there were some rather ribald(?) jokes on chicks, dicks and pigs. So as a courtesy I would like to have this name changed. Thanks for your attention. [[User:Catfisheye|Catfisheye]] ([[User talk:Catfisheye|talk]]) 19:40, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
:p.s. Someone said that about 20% of the Wikimania attendees were female. That would be 130 women, I do not know how many of them were locals, but I just counted 40 women at the Wikichicks lunch which took place _before_ sabbath started, so I wonder where were the _90_ other women? And why they did not attend? (I just checked your contribs to Wikipedia and saw that you are not often here around, so yeah, do not why I am writing anything here, maybe it is just for the record, that somebody has given it a thought.)

: Hi Catfisheye. I didn't name Wikichix (I think it is spelled with an x) and I don't have any control over what it's called. You can read more about the history of the group and its name, [http://geekfeminism.wikia.com/wiki/WikiChix on this page]. Thanks for your note. [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 22:00, 17 August 2011 (UTC)
::Hello, thanks for your fast reply. Well in the Conference book and the invitation e-mail it was spelled Chicks, but anyway, the stylish ''x'' IMHO does not change that much.I have to admit that first I chatted with Jorm about this issue, he did not know whom to address, so I addressed you, but as you state you are not the right person either. So now I do not know what to do about this thing, i. e. I will just keep staying away and maybe there is one or two other women between the 90 missing who have the same reason for non-attendance. I did what I could. ;) Regards [[User:Catfisheye|Catfisheye]] ([[User talk:Catfisheye|talk]]) 23:50, 17 August 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 15 August 2011 ==

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== ''The Signpost'': 22 August 2011 ==

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== ''The Signpost'': 29 August 2011 ==

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== ''The Signpost'': 05 September 2011 ==

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== ''The Signpost'': 12 September 2011 ==

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== Executive Director's Barnstar ==

I have a nomination: [[User:WhatamIdoing|Whatamidoing]]. She has consistently proven to be a sane and friendly voice in every discussion I have seen her partake in. She has contributed an enormous amount of time engaging with community members on behalf of myself and the New Editor Engagement group, answering questions about our various projects (such as Article Feedback) and even taking a couple bullets from a couple jerks. I have personally given her much WikiLove, but I think she deserves as much as possible.--[[User:Jorm (WMF)|Jorm (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Jorm (WMF)|talk]]) 00:57, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
:Seconded. She does amazing work all around the project. :) --[[User:Moonriddengirl|Moonriddengirl]] [[User talk:Moonriddengirl|(talk)]] 01:04, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

== E.D. Barnstar - DeltaQuad ==

Hi Sue,

I'd like to nominate [[User:DeltaQuad]] for your new barnstar. He's fantastic... and almost single-handedly handles the emails from people who are trying to get past a block (because they are in a school that's blocked, or their roommate was dumb, or whatever). Never loses his cool, and always does a good job. [[User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe Beaudette, Wikimedia Foundation]] ([[User talk:Philippe (WMF)|talk]]) 03:20, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

== E.D. Barnstar - Abhilasha369 ==
Hi Sue: I'd like to nominate [[User:Abhilasha369]]. She's a student in the Wikipedia India Education Program and has started and edited 2 fantastic articles [[Robinson Crusoe Economy]] & [[Ragnar Nurkse's Balanced Growth Theory]]. She's put in awesome work - as the articles testify. ...er, you might want to also tell her who you are coz she might not know. [[User:Hmundol|Hmundol]] ([[User talk:Hmundol|talk]]) 08:44, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

== E.D. Barnstar - Nice poa ==

Hi, Sue! I'd like to nominate [[User:nice poa]] for the ED Barnstar. Nice is the top editor on the Portuguese encyclopedia and has been part of the community for a while. I haven't worked with her directly --she prefers to keep a lower profile--but I'm told that she's a wonderful Wikipedian (the username says it all) and deserves the ED Barnstar for her time and dedication to Wikipedia. Her Portuguese account is here: http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usu%C3%A1rio:Nice_poa [[User:Mokapantages|Mokapantages]] ([[User talk:Mokapantages|talk]]) 21:21, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

== A barnstar for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Philip Dawe, The Macaroni. A Real Character at the Late Masquerade (1773) - 02.jpg|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Fabulous Hair Dandy Award'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | This special barnstar is for all the hard work Sue has put into the [[Hairstyle]] article! Well done and may you always have a fabulous hairstyle! [[User:SarahStierch|SarahStierch]] ([[User talk:SarahStierch|talk]]) 23:07, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
|}

== A Burberry handbag for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Burberry_handbag.jpg|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Thank you!'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you so much, Sue! I am really honoured to be the fourth recipient of the Executive Director's Barnstar! It's beautiful! :-)
As a matter of fact, I'm so honoured to even interact with you! I noticed you're interested in handbags... So here'a a handbag for you... a virtual one. :-) Hopefully you already have this one!!! :D
Even after my part in the Wikipedia India Education Program is over, I'll surely continue editing articles on Wikipedia. The ability to use the "edit" button comes with great power. And I promise to uphold it with great responsibility!
Regards [[User:Abhilasha369|Abhilasha369]] ([[User talk:Abhilasha369|talk]]) 04:02, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
|}

== Nomination ==

Hi, I'd like to nominate [[User:Courcelles]] for the Executive Director's barnstar (although, with all due respect, I think the name implies some kind of presidential authority). Courcelles is one of our most active users here at Wikipedia, with [http://toolserver.org/~soxred93/pcount/index.php?name=Courcelles&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia a mere ~200k edits]. He started editing in December 2009 and was given admin privileges 6 months after that. In June 2011, he made about 20k edits. Additionally, he holds various [[WP:ADMINSTATS|admin action records]]. But numbers isn't all. Courcelles is a very friendly and sympathetic contributor, and participates regularly in anti-vandalism, dispute resolution, RfA discussions and [[WP:VRT|VRT]] tasks. Additionally, he's been entrusted with [[WP:AUSC|AUSC]] membership by the [[WP:Arbitration Committee|Arbitration Committee]], and given CheckUser and Oversight rights by consequence. He is a fantastic contributor, and I think that deserves recognition. Warmly, [[User:KuduIO|Kudu]] [[User talk:KuduIO|~I/O~]] 20:18, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

== Nomination RuWiki ==

Once again, thank you very much for your reward! The wiki-community is too large to mention all the deserving candidates.

But the situation related to the Incubator I know much better.

First of all, I want to note a great Incubator team - {{u|Dmitry89}}, {{u|Felitsata}}, [[ru:user:Letzte*Spieler|Letzte*Spieler]]. In 2010 we have come up with many new solutions to help newcomers and actively developed in the incubator for many months.

Probably the most noteworthy is Dmitry89's work: has been tirelessly reviewing and continually improving his bots, which for more than a year help to maintain order and cleanliness in the Incubator.

I would also like to mention those who had a particularly significant contribution to the very first, most difficult steps when the Incubator was a cause of the great skepticism and doubt.

This is the most experienced members of our section:
* {{u|Ilya Voyager}}, who has helped to make the first templates and supported the Incubator in spring 2009, when it was at the first draft stage.
* {{u|Kv75}}, who wrote the first bots for the Incubator. I also want to mention his deep understanding of the situation in the project, conversations with him helped to find better decisions.
* {{u|Yaroslav Blanter}}, who took the risk and had courage to place an new invitation to the authors, when it was still an unknown project. I would like to mention Yaroslav would like to mention as one of the best people in RuWiki who did a lot in general.

If we are talking about people not connected to the Incubator, [[user:Ctac|Stas Kozlovsky]], who does a great and difficult lobbying job trying to introduce in Russia the free license, panorama freedom etc.

I think that our yongest patroller, [[ru:user:Maxtirdatov|Maxtirdatov]], who is only 9 y.o. deserves a mention.

[[User:Samal2010|Samal2010]] ([[User talk:Samal2010|talk]]) 22:19, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

PS. Thanks {{u|Mstislavl|Victoria}} for her support with translation. [[User:Samal2010|Samal2010]] ([[User talk:Samal2010|talk]]) 22:20, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 19 September 2011 ==

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== More awards ==

I've got an idea. [[ru:Википедия:Проект:Инкубатор/Инкубатору 1 год|On the occasion of the anniversary]] we encouraged the participants who have made a significant contribution to the development of the Incubator by [[ru:Шаблон:Инкубатор,_Награда|awarding one of]]:
* Barnstar
* Medal
* Badge of honor
This allowed us to award many more editors.

Sorry that some pages are in Russian, our project is very international {{-)}}

[[User:Samal2010|Samal2010]] ([[User talk:Samal2010|talk]]) 19:19, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

== A nomination, if I may ==

Hi, Sue, I'd like to make a nomination for the Executive Director's Barnstar. And while I'm here, I'd like to say that it's really nice that the executive director, no less, can find time to acknowledge some of those people who keep the wheels turning on a day-to-day basis.Anyway, my nominee is {{User|Dank}}. Dan is an admin and a coordinator of the [[WP:MIL|Military History Wikiproject]], but he spends most of his on-wiki time reviewing and copy-editing military history articles at [[WP:PR|peer review]], [[WP:MHACR|A-class]], and [[WP:FAC|FAC]]. No matter what the article, Dan always has something constructive to say and useful suggestions to make. In fact, [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Military_history/Coordinators/Archive_36#Quarterly_reviewing_tallies|he reviewed 63 articles]] between May and June this year—almost every article within the project's scope nominated at one of those fora, and more than twice the number reviewed by any other. And yet nominators always appreciate his comments, and he always manages to keep a cool head, even when somebody is being stubborn or awkward or downright rude—a trait I've always admired, but not one that comes naturally to me!For his sheer dedication to the project, I think Dan is a perfect candidate for this barnstar, and I hope you'll consider him. All the best, [[User:HJ Mitchell|'''HJ Mitchell''']] | [[User talk:HJ Mitchell|Penny for your thoughts? ]] 01:13, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

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:[[A Tragic Legacy]]
:[[Google Squared]]
:[[Mischa Merz]]
:[[A History of Marriage]]
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:[[Gaming law]]
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== Talkback ==

At [[:hi:User Talk:Siddhartha Ghai#Congratulations!]] --[[User:Siddhartha Ghai|Siddhartha Ghai]] ([[User talk:Siddhartha Ghai|talk]]) 06:22, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

== Nomination ==

Hello Sue, I would like to nominate [[User:Anna Frodesiak]] for the Executive Director's barnstar. Anna is a Canadian residing in [[Haikou]], China. She has created hundreds of new articles in diverse fields. She has a great personality and her sense of humor creates a happy atmosphere here. She is a talented artist as shown by the cover picture on her user page. Anna always attempts to convert troublesome users into productive editors. She is friendly, patient and caring with new editors. She welcomes them with personalized messages. She has been recently helping a class of 170 students from [[Wikipedia:WikiProject China/NNU Class Project|Nanjing Normal University]]. Anna has also been working with multiple biology wikiprojects to get the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals/Draft capitalization guidelines|capitalization guidelines for animals]] in place. She is an asset to Wikipedia and deserves the barnstar. Thank you for your attention. — [[User:Ganeshk|Ganeshk]] ([[User talk:Ganeshk|talk]]) 13:13, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

*I second this nomination, and endorse all of the above. Anna's wall of pictures on her userpage is representative of her diverse work here on Wikipedia, each picture links to an article she created. -- [[User:OlEnglish|&oelig;]][[User talk:OlEnglish|™]] 14:51, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
* Yes! Anna is well-deserving. She's also been a great asset to the ambassador program.--[[User:Sross (Public Policy)|Sage Ross - Online Facilitator, Wikimedia Foundation]] ([[User talk:Sross (Public Policy)|talk]]) 20:25, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

==[[Wikipedia:Barnstars]]==
Hi Sue. Would you like your barnstar to be included among the official list at [[Wikipedia:Barnstars]] (maybe [[Wikipedia:Personal user awards]] would be more suitable)? -- [[User:OlEnglish|&oelig;]][[User talk:OlEnglish|™]] 15:01, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

::That would be great! I think you're right: personal user awards makes the most sense. Thanks (and thank you for your earlier nomination too). [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 06:22, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

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== An idea to help one of WP's editor gaps ==

[[Image:Face-badtooth.svg|thumb|100px|alt=gap toothed smile.|Filling the gaps|right]]I was thinking about some of the gaps the foundation is working to fill and I wondered if anyone has considered extending Campus Ambassador type programs to "adult education," "community education," "continuing education" or other classes that people tend to take later in life? This would have the dual benefits of diversifying our editor pool and also tapping a group of people that tend to have some spare time.

Part of the reason for some contributors fading out may simply be the business of careers or raising family as they leave young adult hood. I've often been struck by the Mormon model of missionary work and how it recognizes this. There is a pool of young 19 to 24 years old missionaries, but there is also a large number of senior missionaries who volunteer as retirees. I'm not suggesting that the Foundation is a church (!) but I think we could do well to consider that young adulthood is only one of the two times in life when people tend to have more free time and fewer career obligations.
[[User:Cloveapple|Cloveapple]] ([[User talk:Cloveapple|talk]]) 17:01, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

== Nomination: Dreamyshade ==

I nominate [[User:Dreamyshade]] for the ED's Barnstar. She's been consistently editing, dicussing, guiding, gnoming and adding substantive content, contributing images, and generally being constructive on Wikipedia for about ten years. [[User:Sumanah|Sumanah]] ([[User talk:Sumanah|talk]]) 13:15, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

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== Open Letter to the Executive Director ==

Dear Sue,

perhaps it might be wise to consider that questioning judgment, intelligence and empathy, publicly and repeatedly, of the unpaid volunteers that generate the money you take home every month could quite possibly not be the most effective strategy known to man.

If you’re not so sure about that, perhaps you should commission a report that deals with the question if people donate money to the Wikimedia Foundation because

* a) they trust the editorial judgment of the communities that create Wikipedia and all these other (more often than not) really useful sites or
* b) they think the Foundation’s Executive Director (whose position wouldn’t even exist without the countless hours of volunteer work that predated its creation) is doing such a terrific job at telling those same people, publicly and repeatedly, that they lack in empathy.

I have a feeling that the results might tend a little bit towards a), even among female, not so computer-savvy or non-white donors.

Your sincerely, [[User:Carbidfischer|The Man Who Yelled At Ting]] -- 15:58, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
::@Carbidfisher: Less coffee, please. Thnx.
::@Sue: Nevertheless I think [http://suegardner.org/2011/09/28/on-editorial-judgment-and-empathy/ this blogpost] wasn't very helpful in a way to calm things down. Maybe you'll find a way to say you are sorry. Regards, --[[User:Kellerkind|Kellerkind]] ([[User talk:Kellerkind|talk]]) 19:45, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

: pretty much +1. You can't expect those (the critics) to find compromises with you, while there is till the insult as non-empathic in the world and i saw nowhere any taking back of those words by you or a real apology. That is the first step. And the guarantee that the filter won't be forced in any way. On this I neither trust you nor the Board ... as sad as it is that I can't trust the heads of the project i immolated so much of my free time and money upon, on which i wrote over 400 articles and seven of them as featured and five as good articles. I did 30.000 edits, not to provocate, but to offer best information to the reader. I see no respect for me and other critics. How can this be a basis for dialogue. If possible I will be at the event with you on november here in Germany. The first sentence you should say should imply a "sorry". --[[User:Julius1990|Julius1990]] ([[User talk:Julius1990|talk]]) 19:10, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

:::Hello Carbidfischer, Kellerkind, Julius1990. I've been meaning to reply here for a while, and there are some comments on my German WP talkpage that I want to respond to, as well.

:::Really, what my blog post and the reactions to it have shown me is how little mutual understanding there is between me and the German editorial community. That's a shame, but it's better for me to know it than not know it, so that I can aim to fix it.

:::I know about a dozen German Wikipedians personally, which is not very many. Typically the Germans I know best are the ones who interact on the meta-level lists, in English, and/or who turn up at international events, or are involved with the chapter. The language barrier is a real challenge for me. In English, I can easily read people's contributions and participation in discussions, and they can read mine --- so even if I haven't interacted individually with somebody, we can get a pretty good sense of each other by reading the wikis. Upshot being: it is difficult for me to interact easily and fluidly with the German community, because I do not speak German, and that's a shame.

:::So. Upon reflection, I think I probably made four mistakes in my blog post. First, I assumed that the people reading it would understand my starting point: that I've got tons of respect for all editors, and that I admire and support their work. For anyone who doesn't know me, that apparently is not obvious, and so I guess it's understandable that they felt provoked or attacked by what I wrote. That's a shame. Second, I probably made a mistake by kicking off the post by writing about the appearance of the vulva article on the main page of the German Wikipedia. I did it innocently, because I think it's a really great example of the problem we face. In using a specific example, though, I needlessly alienated good editors such as Achim Rashka, who I gather misunderstood me and felt I was criticizing the article itself. I regret that: I wasn't criticizing the article, and I would never deliberately antagonize editors who do good work. My third mistake was thinking that I could talk solely about editorial issues, while people were still anxious that the Wikimedia Foundation was going to impose a category-based image filter on the projects regardless of whether they wanted it. For the purposes of that blog post, I was attempting to set aside the issue of the filter, but in retrospect it's obvious that lots of people were not going to be able to have an editorial conversation, while the image filter was acting as a kind of elephant in the room. And fourth, I knew ---even as I wrote it I knew, but I ignored my own misgivings--- that calling out provocateurs and agitators, was going to be, itself, provocative. Wikimedians, I have learned in my time with you all, are super-sensitive to negative labels, and tend to feel like they personally are being criticized, even when they're not. I truly was speaking, not to all editors and not to people opposed to the filter --- I was speaking to people who I believe were at the time deliberately enjoying and escalating the conflict, rather than attempting to try to work towards a solution. I was asking those people to stop doing that. But I realize that lots of people wrongly thought I was talking to them, and felt accused and maligned, so I regret that I didn't just omit that point altogether.

:::So the post was in four ways clumsy, and I regret being clumsy. I don't like offending people, and I didn't mean to offend people. But I did learn some things from the experience. One important thing I learned was that I don't know enough about the editorial leaders in the German Wikimedia community. I know some of the chapter leadership, I know a few of the chapter staff, and I know the Germans who show up to international events, and who participate in the meta-level discussions in English. That's not sufficient, and I'm going to dedicate some energy now to better understanding the folks who write articles on the German Wikipedia. It's important that I do that, because the German community is important in and of itself, and also because I believe that as the most mature language-version, it's a bellwether or a canary in the coal mine, for us all. That's why I'm coming to Germany in a few weeks, and I'm also asking some of the Foundation staff to help me identify important German editors, so that the Foundation can develop deeper and smarter relationships with them. I will look forward to meeting you Julius1990, and whoever else turns up :-) Thanks. [[User:Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner]] ([[User talk:Sue Gardner#top|talk]]) 01:34, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

:::: Thank you for your answer. So you are saying, essentially, that, after almost four years on the job, you still don’t know what you are doing but you hope to, some day, get to a point where you might know? I’m not very happy with that, given the responsibility you have and the donor’s money you get. In a position as the one you have, you can’t reflect ''after'' doing something, you have to reflect ''before'' you do it. Sorry, but clumsy ain’t enough. -- [[User:Carbidfischer|Carbidfischer]] ([[User talk:Carbidfischer|talk]]) 10:58, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

== Thank you ==

Sue, It was a pleasure meeting you, Matthew, and the other wikipedians who made my visit to the Foundation on Friday such a lovely experience. I am proud to associate with people who do such important work -- contributing in our various ways to this encyclopedia. Cheers, --[[User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]] ([[User talk:Rosiestep|talk]]) 20:19, 16 October 2011 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 17 October 2011 ==

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==re: your message==

Hi Sue, I've left a reply to your message on [[User_talk:Marek69#Congratulations.21|my talk page]] -- [[User:Marek69|Marek]].[[Special:Contributions/Marek69|69]][[User_talk:Marek69|'' talk'']] 02:10, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

== ED Barnstar ==

Hallo Sue, first of all, thanks for the ED Barnstar! And do not worry: I am also the person in charge of translating Wikimedia Italia News in English, so I am supposed at least to be able to read English... ciao, [[:it:Utente:.mau.|.mau.]] [[:it:Discussioni utente:.mau.| ✉]] 20:09, 24 October 2011 (UTC) — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:.mau.|.mau.]] ([[User talk:.mau.|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/.mau.|contribs]])  

:Hi Sue.
:I'd like to thank you, as well, for the acknowledgment you wanted to give me, and to thank Frieda for making the nomination. To be honest this was actually a surprise to me, as I feel that I have had a role not different from all the others involved in this situation: as you have stated, the decision has been taken during a good community process thus I'll consider the barnstar not given to me personally, but to all the it.wikip community which, openly and collaboratively, went through such tough a process. I'd expecially like to acknowledge those who did not agreed with the decisions but discussed it in a constructive way pointing out the improvements that could be introduced in managing such situations, if ever such a situation will need to be managed again in the future (which I really hope will not be the case). --[[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[User talk:Pap3rinik|talk]]) 08:15, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

Indiana pi bill

2011-10-20T10:03:32Z

Pap3rinik: /* Legislative history */ typo

{{Pi box}}
The '''Indiana Pi Bill''' is the popular name for bill #246 of the 1897 sitting of the [[Indiana General Assembly]], one of the most famous attempts to establish scientific truth by legislative fiat. Despite that name, the main result claimed by the bill is a method to [[Squaring the circle|square the circle]], rather than to establish a certain value for [[Pi|π]], although the bill does contain text that appears to dictate various incorrect values of π, such as 3.2.

The bill never became law, due to the intervention of a mathematics professor who happened to be present in the legislature.

The impossibility of squaring the circle using only [[compass and straightedge constructions|compass and straightedge]], suspected since ancient times, was rigorously proved in 1882 by [[Ferdinand von Lindemann]]. Better approximations of π than those inferred from the bill have been known since ancient times.

==Legislative history==
In 1897, [[Indiana]] physician and amateur mathematician Edwin J. Goodwin (ca. 1825 - 1902<ref>{{harvnb|Dudley|1992|p=195}}, citing an obituary</ref>) believed that he had discovered a correct way of squaring the circle. He proposed a bill to Indiana Representative Taylor I. Record, which Record introduced in the House under the title ''A Bill for an act introducing a new mathematical truth and offered as a contribution to education to be used only by the State of Indiana free of cost by paying any royalties whatever on the same, provided it is accepted and adopted by the official action of the Legislature of 1897''.

The text of the bill consists of a series of mathematical claims (detailed below), followed by a recitation of Goodwin's previous accomplishments:
{{quote|... his solutions of the [[trisection of the angle]], [[doubling the cube]] and [[squaring the circle|quadrature of the circle]] having been already accepted as contributions to science by the [[American Mathematical Monthly]] ... And be it remembered that these noted problems had been long since given up by scientific bodies as unsolvable mysteries and above man's ability to comprehend.}} Goodwin's "solutions" were indeed published in the AMM, though with a disclaimer of 'published by request of the author'.<ref>[http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/ClearAFJ "Clearing the Misunderstanding Re My April Fool's `Joke'"]</ref>

Upon its introduction in the [[Indiana House of Representatives]], the bill's language and topic occasioned confusion among the membership; a member from [[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]] proposed that it be referred to the Finance Committee, but the Speaker accepted another member's recommendation to refer the bill to the Committee on Swamplands, where the bill could "find a deserved grave".<ref name=hallerburg>Hallerburg, Arthur E. "House Bill No. 246 Revisited". ''Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science'' 84 (1974): 374-399.</ref>{{rp|385}} It was transferred to the Committee on Education, which reported favorably;<ref name=purdue>[http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/crd/Localgov/Second%20Level%20pages/Indiana_Pi_Story.htm Indiana pi story] at a Purdue server</ref> following a motion to [[Suspension of the rules|suspend the rules]], the bill passed on February 6,<ref name=hallerburg />{{rp|390}} without a dissenting vote.<ref name=purdue /> The news of the bill occasioned an alarmed response from ''Der Tägliche Telegraph'', a [[German language|German-language]] newspaper in Indianapolis, which viewed the event with significantly less favor than its English-speaking competitors.<ref name=hallerburg />{{rp|385}} As this debate concluded, [[Purdue University]] Professor [[C. A. Waldo]] arrived in [[Indianapolis]] to secure the annual appropriation for the [[Indiana Academy of Sciences]]. An assemblyman handed him the bill, offering to introduce him to the genius who wrote it. He declined, saying that he already knew as many crazy people as he cared to.<ref name=purdue />

When it reached the [[Indiana Senate]], the bill was not treated so kindly. The committee to which it had been assigned reported it unfavorably, and the Senate [[Table (parliamentary procedure)|tabled]] it on February 12;<ref name=hallerburg />{{rp|386}} it was nearly passed, but opinion changed when one senator observed that the General Assembly lacked the power to define mathematical truth.<ref name=hallerburg />{{rp|391}} Influencing some of the senators was a report that major newspapers, such as the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', had begun to ridicule the situation.<ref name=hallerburg />{{rp|390}}

==The mathematics==
===Approximation of π===
[[Image:IndianaPiBillCircle.svg|thumb|Goodwin's model circle as described in section 2 of the bill. It has a diameter of 10 and a circumference of 32; the chord of 90° has length 7|200px]]
Although the bill has become known as the "pi bill", its text does not mention the name [[pi]] at all, and Goodwin appears to have thought of the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle as distinctly secondary to his main aim of squaring the circle. Towards the end of Section 2 appears the following passage:

{{quote|Furthermore, it has revealed the ratio of the chord and arc of ninety degrees, which is as seven to eight, and also the ratio of the diagonal and one side of a square which is as ten to seven, disclosing the fourth important fact, that the ratio of the diameter and circumference is as five-fourths to four[.]}}
<ref name="bill_text">[http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/crd/Localgov/Second%20Level%20pages/indiana_pi_bill.htm Text of the bill]</ref>
This comes close to an explicit claim that <math>\pi = \frac{4}{1.25} = 3.2</math>, and that <math> \sqrt{2} \approx \frac{10}{7} \approx 1.429</math>.

This quotation is often read as three mutually incompatible assertions, but they fit together well if the statement about {{radic|2}} is taken to be about the inscribed square (with the circle's diameter as diagonal) rather than the square on the radius (with the chord of 90° as diagonal). Together they describe the circle shown in the figure, whose diameter is 10 and circumference is 32; the chord of 90° is taken to be 7. Both of the values 7 and 32 are within a few percent of the true lengths for a diameter-10 circle (which, of course, does not justify Goodwin's presentation of them as exact).

===Area of the circle===
Goodwin's main goal was not to measure lengths in the circle but to ''square'' it, which he interpreted literally as finding a square with the same area as the circle. He knew that [[Archimedes]]' formula for the area of a circle, which calls for multiplying the diameter by one fourth of the circumference, is not considered a solution to the ancient problem of [[squaring the circle]]. This is because the problem is to ''construct'' the area using [[compass and straightedge]] only, and Archimedes did not give a method for constructing a straight line with the same length as the circumference. Goodwin was clearly unaware of this central requirement; he believed that the problem with the Archimedean formula is that it gives wrong numerical results, and that a solution of the ancient problem should consist of replacing it with a "correct" formula. In the bill he proposed, without argument, his own method:

{{quote|It has been found that a circular area is to the square on a line equal to the quadrant of the circumference, as the area of an equilateral rectangle is to the square on one side.<ref name="bill_text"/>}}

This appears needlessly convoluted, as "equilateral rectangle" can hardly mean anything different from a square. In the rest of the bill, however, it is clear that the assertion is simply that area of a circle is the same as that of a square with the same perimeter.
For example, right after the above quote the bill goes on to say:

{{quote|The diameter employed as the linear unit according to the present rule in computing the circle's area is entirely wrong, as it represents the circle's area one and one-fifth times the area of a square whose perimeter is equal to the circumference of the circle.}}

In the model circle above, the Archimedean area (accepting Goodwin's values for the circumference and diameter) would be 80, whereas Goodwin's proposed rule leads to an area of 64. Now, 80 exceeds 64 by one fifth ''of 80'', and Goodwin appears to confuse 64 = 80×(1−1/5) with 80 = 64×(1+1/5), an approximation that works only for fractions much smaller than 1/5.

The area found by Goodwin's rule is π/4 times the true area of the circle, which in many accounts of the Pi Bill is interpreted as a claim that π = 4. However, there is no internal evidence in the bill that Goodwin intended to make such a claim; on the contrary, he repeatedly denies that the area of the circle has anything to do with its diameter.

The relative ''area'' error of 1−π/4 works out to about 21 percent, which is much more grave than the approximations of the ''lengths'' in the model circle of the previous section. It is unknown what made Goodwin believe that his rule could be correct. In general, figures with identical perimeters do not have identical area (see [[isoperimetry]]); the typical demonstration of this fact is to compare a long thin shape with small enclosed area (approaching zero as the width decreases) to one of the same perimeter that is approximately as tall as it is wide, obviously of much greater area.

==Notes==

<references />

==References==
*"Indiana's squared circle" by Arthur E. Hallerberg (''Mathematics Magazine'', vol. 50 (1977), pp. 136–140) gives a good account of the bill.
*David Singmaster, in "The legal values of pi" (''Mathematical Intelligencer'', vol. 7 (1985), pp. 69–72) finds seven different values of pi implied in Goodwin's work.
*[[Petr Beckmann]], ''[[A History of π]]''. St. Martin's Press; 1971.
*''Mathematics: From the Birth of Numbers'', published by W. W. Norton in 1997 (ISBN 039304002X ), by [[Jan Gullberg]]
*{{citation
|first=Underwood |last=Dudley|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1992|isbn=0883855070
|title=Mathematical cranks|series=MAA spectrum|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HqeoWPsIH6EC&pg=PA192 |chapter=Legislating Pi| pages=192 sq.}}

==External links==
* [http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/crd/Localgov/Second%20Level%20pages/indiana_pi_bill.htm Full text] of the bill
* [http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/crd/Localgov/Second%20Level%20pages/Indiana_Pi_Story.htm Indiana Pi] narrative about the near-passing of the bill
* [http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a3_341.html The Straight Dope] article
* [http://www.snopes.com/religion/pi.asp Alabama Changes the Value of Pi] related hoax
{{-}}
{{Indiana history}}

[[Category:Pi]]
[[Category:Indiana General Assembly]]
[[Category:Political history of Indiana]]
[[Category:Legal history of Indiana]]
[[Category:1897 in law]]
[[Category:1897 in Indiana]]

[[de:Indiana Pi Bill]]
[[es:Proyecto de ley de Indiana sobre Pi]]
[[fr:Projet de loi Pi de l'Indiana]]
[[he:הצעת חוק פאי]]
[[ja:インディアナ州円周率法案]]

OpenText Data Protector

2011-05-20T15:54:47Z

Pap3rinik:

{{ infobox software
| name = HP Data Protector
| developer = [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[HP Software Division]]
| latest release version = 6.11
| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]], [[UNIX]], [[Linux]]
| genre = [[Backup]] and recovery software
| license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| website = [http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/w1/en/software/information-management-data-protector.html HP Data Protector software web page]
}}
'''HP Data Protector''' software is automated [[Backup]] and recovery software for single-server to enterprise environments, supporting [[Disk storage]] or tape storage targets. It provides cross-platform, online backup of data for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Unix]], and [[Linux]] operating systems.

For business- and mission-critical applications, HP Data Protector Zero Downtime Backup leverages array-based solutions to offload processing from the server and perform Backup operations on a copy of the production data. HP Data Protector Instant Recovery retrieves data from the replicated images on disk for recovery to specific points in time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://h20195.www2.hp.com/V2/GetPDF.aspx/4AA2-3654EEW.pdf |title=HP Data Protector software : Data sheet |publisher=HP.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

HP Data Protector originated as OmniBack. Older versions of OmniBack were retired in 2004, and the functionality was added in Data Protector 5.1.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.hp.com/softwarereleases/releases-media2/discon/omniback3541/5990-7858.pdf?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN |title=HP OpenView OmniBack II versions 3.5 and 4.1 Support Discontinuance Announcement |publisher=HP.com |date=2004-03-31 |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

== History ==
HP announced OmniBack II on March 4, 1996, as part of its [[HP OpenView]] family of management software.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/HP+Announces+HP+OpenView+Enterprise+Solutions+Now+Manage...-a018052515 |title=Business Wire. “HP Announces HP OpenView Enterprise Solutions Now Manage Mission-Critical LAN-Based Environments That Include Novell NetWare and Windows NT Server” |publisher=Hewlett-Packard |date=1996-03-04 |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> In 2006, OmniBack functionality was combined with Data Protector 5.0 into Data Protector 5.1.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.hp.com/softwarereleases/releases-media2/discon/omniback3541/5990-7858.pdf?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN |title=HP OpenView OmniBack II versions 3.5 and 4.1 Support Discontinuance Announcement |publisher=HP.com |date=2004-03-31 |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

Since then, the product has been called HP Openview Storage Data Protector and HP StorageWorks Data Protector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tideway.com/confluence//display/Configipedia/HP+Data+Protector#HPDataProtector-KnownVersions |title=HP Data Protector |publisher=Tideway.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> The product is now called HP Data Protector software and is part of the [[HP Information Management Software]] portfolio. The current version is 6.11, released in September 2009 by the [[HP Software Division]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://h20195.www2.hp.com/V2/GetPDF.aspx/c01890798.pdf |title=HP Data Protector software – Release 6.11 Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=HP.com |date=2009-10-01 |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The HP Data Protector architecture is based on the concept of a cell: a network environment that contains a Cell Manager, clients, and backup devices. The Cell Manager is the main system that centrally controls and manages the cell. It contains a database, runs the core software, and runs the backup and restore sessions, writing session information to the database.

A client can be any system within the cell. Clients that are to be backed up require the installation of a Disk Agent. Clients that control the backup and restore data require the installation of a Media Agent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://networktechnologist.com/tips-omniback.html |title=Omniback for the System Administrator : Glossary |publisher=Network Technologist.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

For multi-site operations, the Data Protector Manager of Managers (MoM) allows local administrators to control data backup and restore, operating from centralized policies and centralized enterprise monitoring. In this configuration, multiple Data Protector cells are grouped, configured and managed from the MoM, which acts as the Cell Manager.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press_kits/2009/BTeconomics2009/HPDataProtectorDataSheet-DPdatasheet.pdf |title=HP Data Protector software : Data sheet |format=PDF |publisher=HP.com |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

== Data Deduplication ==
HP Data Protector offers [[Data deduplication]] capabilities with the ability to compare blocks of data being written to a backup device with data blocks previously stored on the device. For data deduplication, HP Data Protector allows any data storage to be the target storage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://searchstorage.techtarget.com.au/articles/30342-Comparing-data-deduplication-products |title=Comparing data deduplication products |publisher=TechTarget.com |date=2009-03-25 |first=Marc |last=Staimer |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

== Virtual Server Protection ==
HP Data Protector supports Backup and restore of virtual servers, including protection for the whole Virtual machine and its application data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/partners/hp/Virtualization_Brief.pdf |title=HP Data Protector software : Assuring Business Continuity in Virtualised Environments |format=PDF |publisher=Vmware.com |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> Supported virtual environments include VMware, Windows 2008 Hyper-V, Microsoft Virtual Server 2005, Citrix XenServer, and HP Integrity Virtual Machines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/hardware/wc/protecting-virtualized-environments-disaster-hp-data-protector-419 |title=Protecting Virtualized Environments from Disaster with HP Data Protector |publisher=InfoWorld.com |date=2010-04-14 |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

== Centralization Encryption ==
HP Data Protector includes automated key management for software and Linear Tape-Open LTO-4 Encryption. Users have the choice of client-based encryption for data security, or they can use the encryption functionality in LTO-4 tape drives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://h18000.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/11671_div/11671_div.pdf |title=QuickSpecs: HP Data Protector software. |format=PDF |publisher=HP.com |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

== Data Protector Notebook Extension ==
In November 2009, HP began offering HP Data Protector Notebook Extension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://searchdatabackup.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid187_gci1374705,00.html |title=HP expands laptop and desktop data backup with Data Protector Notebook Extension |publisher=TechTarget.com |date=2009-11-18 |first=Dave |last=Raffo |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> HP Data Protector Notebook Extension enables users to back up and recover data while working remotely and offline. With HP Data Protector Notebook Extension, data is captured and backed up automatically each time a user changes, creates or receives a file. These processes are transparent to the user and do no impact laptop or desktop performance. The data is then stored temporarily in a local repository pending transfer to the network data vault for full backup and restore capabilities. Key features include end-user single-click recovery, encryption and compression techniques.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelinsider.com/c/a/Storage/HP-HDS-Beef-Up-BackUp-680349/ |title=HP, HDS Beef Up Back-Up |publisher=Channelinsider.com |date=2009-11-25 |first=Steve |last=Wexler |accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>

== Data Protector Granular Recovery Extension for SharePoint 2007 ==
HP Data Protector Granular Recovery Extension for SharePoint 2007 was released for version 6.11 in July 2010. Data Protector Granular Recovery Extension allows [[Microsoft]] [[SharePoint]] administrators to recover a single document, collection or folder directly via the SharePoint GUI– without requiring assistance from the backup administrator.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/us/en/software/information-management-data-protector.html HP Data Protector web page]
*[http://h41112.www4.hp.com/promo/imhub/data_protector/dpne/index.html?jumpid=re_r10784_uk/en/large/tsg/imdh-ot-li-xx-dpne_imsw_promo/chev/ HP Data Protector Notebook Extension web page]
*[http://h41112.www4.hp.com/promo/imhub/data_protector/sharepoint/index.html HP Data Protector Granular Recovery Extension for Sharepoint]
* [http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/us/en/promo/mse/index.html IT and Information Management Solutions for Mid-Size Enterprises]

[[Category:Hewlett-Packard products]]
[[Category:Backup software]]

Peter Burke (historian)

2011-05-05T12:25:09Z

Pap3rinik: +it.wiki

{{about||the Irish footballer|Peter Burke (footballer)}}
[[File:Peter Burke.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Professor Peter Burke in 2009.]]
'''Peter Burke''' (born [[1937]]) is a British [[historian]] and [[professor]].

He was born to a [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] father and [[Jews|Jewish]] mother (who later converted to Catholicism). He was educated by the Jesuits and at [[St John's College, Oxford]], and was a doctoral candidate at [[St Anthony's College]]. From 1962 to 1979, he was part of the School of European Studies at [[Sussex University]], before moving to the [[University of Cambridge]], where he holds the title of Professor Emeritus of Cultural History and Fellow of [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel College]]. Burke is celebrated as a historian not only of the [[early modern Europe|early modern era]], but one who emphasizes the relevance of social and [[cultural history]] to modern issues. He is married to Brazilian historian Maria Lúcia Garcia Pallares-Burke.

==Works==

Among his most important works are:
* ''The Italian Renaissance'' (1972)
* ''Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe'' (1978)
* ''The Renaissance'' (1987)
* ''History and Social Theory'' (1991)
* ''Varieties of cultural history'' (1997)
* ''New perspectives on historical writing'' (2001) (editor and contributor)
* ''The Fabrication of Louis XIV'' (1992)
* ''The Art of Conversation'' (1993)
* ''A Social History of Knowledge'' (2000)
* ''The European Renaissance: Centres and Peripheries'' (1998)
* ''Eyewitnessing'' (2000)
* ''What is Cultural History?'' (2004)
* ''Languages and Communities in Early Modern Europe'' (2004)

==External links==
*[http://www.emma.cam.ac.uk/teaching/fellows/display/index.cfm?fellow=49 Emmanuel College biography]
*{{worldcat id|lccn-n50-32316}}
* [http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/ancestors/burke.htm Peter Burke interviewed by Alan Macfarlane on 31st July 2004 (film)]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Burke, Peter
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burke, Peter}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British historians]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Sussex]]
[[Category:Fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]

{{UK-historian-stub}}

[[ca:Peter Burke]]
[[cs:Peter Burke]]
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[[et:Peter Burke]]
[[es:Peter Burke]]
[[it:Peter Burke (storico)]]
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[[no:Peter Burke]]
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[[zh:彼得·柏克]]

Detektivbyrån

2011-04-15T15:41:51Z

Pap3rinik: +it.wiki

{{foreignchar|Detektivbyran|å}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| Name = Detektivbyrån
| Background = group_or_band
| Origin = [[Gothenburg, Sweden]]
| Genre = [[Electronica]] [[Folk music]]
| Years_active = 2005 - 2010
| Label = Danarkia
| URL = [http://www.detektivbyran.net/ www.detektivbyran.net] [http://www.myspace.com/detektivbyran www.myspace.com/detektivbyran]
| Current_members = Anders "Flanders" Molin Martin Molin
| Past_members = Jon Nils Emanuel Ekström
}}
{{Listen
|filename=Dansbanan.ogg
|title=Detektivbyrån "Dansbanan"
|description=30 second sample from Detektivbyrån's "Dansbanan".
|format=[[Ogg]]}}

'''Detektivbyrån''' ("The Detective Agency") was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[electronica]] and [[folk music]] trio from [[Gothenburg]]. The group consisted of Anders "Flanders" Molin ([[accordion]], [[music box]]), Martin "MacGyver" Molin ([[glockenspiel]], traktofon, toy [[piano]], [[Theremin]]) and Jon Nils Emanuel Ekström [[Drum kit|drums]], [[sound box]], [[Bell (instrument)|small bells]].

The three members grew up in the city of [[Karlstad]] [[Sweden]], located in [[Värmland County]], but they did not form a band until they had moved to Gothenburg in 2005<ref>{{Cite web| title=Detektivbyrån (Press Kit) | url=http://www.detektivbyran.net/EPK/epk.htm | accessdate=2007-11-27 | postscript=}}</ref>. The usage of more unusual instruments such as the accordion was inspired both by its prominent use in the soundtrack for ''[[Amélie]]'' as well as musical traditions in Värmland. As the band also played as street musicians there was originally also a requirement to have portable instruments such as the glockenspiel<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.itsatrap.com/?n=28411 |title=Detektivbyrån - Neonland |work=It's a trap! Scandinavian Music Journal|accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://norran.se/noje/article200352.ece |title=Killarna som inte har något att säga |language=[[Swedish language|Swedish]] |work=Norra Västerbotten |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref>.

Between 2006 and 2008 the band toured extensively and also participated in several Swedish radio and tv shows including a program at [[MTV Europe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.detektivbyran.net/oldnews.html |title=Detektivbyrån News |language=[[English language|English]] and Swedish |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref>.

On September 3, 2008, Detektivbyrån released their first full-length album, ''[[Wermland (album)|Wermland]]''. The band was nominated for two [[Grammis]] awards, as newcomer of the year and folk music of the year in 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vf.se/Arkiv/Kultur--Noje/Noje/2008/November/Vecka-48/Detektivbyran-grammisnominerad.aspx |title=Detektivbyrån nominerad till två grammisar |language=Swedish |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref>. In addition they were also nominated for an award at Manifestgalan as the best live act of 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manifestgalan.se/122.aspx |title=Manifest 2009 |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref>.

In February 2009 Jon Nils Emanuel Ekström left the band, leaving the two remaining band members still working on the future album tentatively named "Beyond"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.detektivbyran.net/ |title=Detektivbyrån |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref>. Ekström has previously been playing [[Drum kit|drums]], [[sound box]], [[Bell (instrument)|small bells]] on the bands albums and concerts. The band has also recently been contributing to the soundtrack of the American film ''[[Tenure (film)|Tenure]]''.

In August 2010 the band was dissolved and clearly stated on their official website that they would not make any more music or live performances under the name Detektivbyrån<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://detektivbyran.net/worldofdetektivbyran/Welcome.html |title=Detektivbyrån Official Website |accessdate=2010-08-15}}</ref>.

==Discography==
=== Albums ===
* ''[[E18 Album]]'' (2008) (consisting mainly of ''Hemvägen'' and the single ''Lyckans Undulat'')
* ''[[Wermland (album)|Wermland]]'' (2008)

===EPs===
* ''[[Hemvägen]]'' (2006)

===Singles===
* ''[[Detektivbyrån - Hemstad]]'' (Split 7" vinyl) (2007)
* ''[[Lyckans Undulat]]'' (2007)

==References==
<references/>

{{Detektivbyrån}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Detektivbyran}}
[[Category:Swedish electronic music groups]]

{{Sweden-band-stub}}

[[de:Detektivbyrån]]
[[it:Detektivbyrån]]
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[[ru:Detektivbyrån]]
[[sv:Detektivbyrån]]

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

2011-01-19T14:34:09Z

Pap3rinik:

'''Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol''' ('''VRRP''') is non-proprietary (but allegedly patented and licensed <ref>[http://www.ietf.org/ietf-ftp/IPR/VRRP-CISCO IETF source]</ref>) redundancy protocol described in RFC 3768 designed to increase the availability of the [[default gateway]] servicing hosts on the same [[subnetwork|subnet]]. This increased reliability is achieved by advertising a "virtual router" (an abstract representation of master and backup [[router]]s acting as a group) as a [[default gateway]] to the host(s) instead of one physical router. Two or more physical routers are then configured to stand for the virtual router, with only one doing the actual routing at any given time. If the current physical router that is [[routing]] the data on behalf of the virtual router fails, an arrangement is made for another physical router to automatically replace it. The physical router that is currently forwarding data on behalf of the virtual router is called the master router. Physical routers standing by to take over from the master router in case something goes wrong are called backup routers.

VRRP can be used over [[Ethernet]], [[MPLS]] and [[token ring]] networks. Implementations for [[IPv6]] are in development, but not yet stable (i.e. keepalived 1.2.x). RFC 5798 handles VRRP (version 3) for both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. VRRP provides information on the state of a router, not the routes processed and exchanged by that router. Each VRRP instance is limited, in scope, to a single subnet. It does not advertise [[Internet Protocol|IP]] routes beyond that subnet or affect the [[routing]] table in any way.

==Implementation==
A virtual router must use 00-00-5E-00-01-XX as its [[Media Access Control]] (MAC) address. The last byte of the address (XX) is the Virtual Router IDentifier (VRID), which is different for each virtual router in the network. This address is used by only one physical router at a time, and it will reply with this MAC address when an ARP request is sent for the virtual router's IP address. Physical routers within the virtual router must communicate within themselves using packets with [[Multicast address|multicast]] [[Internet Protocol|IP]] address 224.0.0.18 and IP protocol number 112.

Routers have a priority of between 1-255 and the router with the highest priority will become the master. When a planned withdrawal of a master router is to take place, its priority can be lowered which means a backup router will pre-empt the master router status rather than having to wait for the hold time to expire. This reduces the black hole period.

==Elections of master routers==

A failure to receive a multicast packet from the master router for a period longer than three times the advertisement timer causes the backup routers to assume that the master router is dead. The virtual router then transitions into an unsteady state and an election process is initiated to select the next master router from the backup routers. This is fulfilled through the use of multicast packets.

Backup router(s) are only supposed to send multicast packets during an election process. One exception to this rule is when a physical router is configured with a higher priority than the current master, which means that on connection to the network it will preempt the master status. This allows a system administrator to force a physical router to the master state immediately after [[booting]], for example when that particular router is more powerful than others within the virtual router. The backup router with the highest priority becomes the master router by raising its priority above that of the current master. It will then take responsibility for routing packets sent to the virtual gateway's MAC address. In cases where backup routers all have the same priority, the backup router with the highest IP address becomes the master router.

All physical routers acting as a virtual router must be in the same LAN segment. Communication within the virtual router takes place periodically. This period can be adjusted by changing advertisement interval timers. The shorter the advertisement interval, the shorter the black hole period, though at the expense of more traffic in the network. Security is achieved by responding only to first hop packets, though other mechanisms are provided to reinforce this, particularly against local attacks. Election process is made orderly through the use of [[skew time]], derived from a router's priority and used to reduce the chance of the [[thundering herd problem]] occurring during election.

Backup router utilization can be improved by load sharing. For more on this, see RFC 3768.

==History==

VRRP is based on Cisco's proprietary [[Hot Standby Router Protocol|HSRP]] concepts. VRRP is actually a standardized version of Cisco's HSRP. Those protocols, while similar in concept, are not compatible. Therefore, on newer installations it is recommended to implement VRRP, because it is the standard.

* (Cisco Example) '''VLAN Tagging'''

track 1 interface Serial0/0/0.1 ip routing ! Points at the interface that needs to be Prioritized
interface fastethernet0/0.1 ! VLANs have to be on a Sub-Interface, The Sub-Interface # should match the VLAN #
encapsulation dot1q 1 ! IEEE 802.1Q defines the meaning of a Virtual LAN (VLAN) then the VLAN #
ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ! Make sure the IP is on the same subnet as the virtual Gateway1
vrrp 1 priority 110 ! The Priority of the Gateway1
vrrp 1 ip <Gateway1> ! The Virtual Gateway for the VLAN 1
vrrp 1 preempt delay minimum 20 ! If the other router fails it will wait 20 sec before becoming the master
vrrp 1 track 1 decrement 15 ! If the S0/0/0.1 Link fails, This command drops the priority by 15
!
interface fastethernet0/0.5 ! VLANs have to be on a Sub-Interface, The Sub-Interface # should match the VLAN #
encapsulation dot1q 5 ! IEEE 802.1Q defines the meaning of a Virtual LAN (VLAN) then the VLAN #
ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ! Make sure the IP is on the same subnet as the virtual Gateway2
vrrp 5 priority 110 ! The Priority of the Gateway2
vrrp 5 ip <Gateway2> ! The Virtual Gateway for the VLAN 5
vrrp 5 preempt delay minimum 20 ! If the other router fails it will wait 20 sec before becoming the master
vrrp 5 track 1 decrement 15 ! If the S0/0/0.1 Link fails, This command drops the priority by 15
!
router bgp <ASN>
network <Gateway1> mask 255.255.255.0 ! Broadcasts Gateway1 out the WAN through BGP
network <Gateway2> mask 255.255.255.0 ! Broadcasts Gateway2 out the WAN through BGP

== See also ==
* [[Common Address Redundancy Protocol]] (CARP) - A non-proprietary, patent-free, and unrestricted alternative to HSRP and VRRP.
* [[Gateway Load Balancing Protocol]] - A [[Cisco Systems]] proprietary router redundancy protocol providing load balancing
* [[Hot Standby Routing Protocol]] - A [[Cisco Systems]] proprietary router redundancy protocol
* [[R-SMLT]] (Routed Split Multilink Trunking) - An [[Avaya]] proprietary router protocol
* [[SMLT]] An [[Avaya]] redundancy protocol
* [[NetScreen Redundancy Protocol]] (NSRP) - A [[Juniper Networks]] proprietary router redundancy protocol providing load balancing

==External links==
* [http://www.keepalived.org/ Keepalived 1.2.x adds ipv6 support]
* [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5798 The current VRRP RFC (RFC 5798 - VRRPv3 for IPv4 and IPv6) which obsoletes RFC3768]
* [http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/vrrp/current/maillist.html The IETF VRRP mailing list archive]
* [http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp3657.pdf A detailed VRRP article]
* [http://kerneltrap.org/comment/reply/477/1567 Controversy involving VRRP and Cisco patents]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20080625055935/http://www.hanetworks.com/networks/nokia/vrrp/analysis_of_vrrpv2.htm Analysis of VRRPv 2 Issues and Solutions]
* Implementations
** [http://sourceforge.net/projects/vrrpd/ A GPL licensed implementation of VRRP designed for Linux operating systems]
** [http://sourceforge.net/projects/svrrpd/ A BSD licensed implementation of VRRP for Unix-like operating systems] (described as "not functional yet")
** [http://www.keepalived.org A GPL licensed implementation of VRRPv2 for Linux operating systems]
** [http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/ipapp/configuration/guide/ipapp_vrrp.html Configuring VRRP on Cisco IOS]
** [http://support.3com.com/infodeli/tools/bridrout/u_guides/html/nb111/family/features/vrrp.htm Configuring VRRP on 3com NETBuilder]
** [[Vyatta]], a commercial open-source router / firewall with VRRP functionality.
** [http://www.jbm-web.com/cart/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=67&products_id=184 JBM C120 - A cellular enabled enterprise class router]

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Internet protocols]]
[[Category:Routing protocols]]

[[de:Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol]]
[[es:Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol]]
[[fr:Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol]]
[[ja:Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol]]

Joey Gaydos

2011-01-13T13:53:10Z

Pap3rinik: +it.wiki

{{Infobox actor
| name = Joey Gaydos
| birthdate = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|4|18}}
| birthplace = [[Dearborn, Michigan]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| yearsactive = 2003 - 2004
}}
'''Joseph "Joey" Gaydos Jr.''' (born April 18, 1991) is an [[United States|American]] musician and [[one-time actor]] from [[Dearborn, Michigan]]. He is best known for his portrayal of Zack Mooneyham in ''[[School of Rock]]''.

==Career==
Favoring the [[Gibson Guitar Corporation|Gibson]] [[Gibson Les Paul|Les Paul]]<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1417621 Joey Gaydos IMDB page]</ref> and a blues/rock style, Gaydos formed a trio named The Joey Gaydos Group in 2005. They released their debut album in July 2006. Gaydos made his film debut in 2003 in the musical comedy ''[[School of Rock]]'' playing Zack Mooneyham.

==Personal life==
Gaydos attends Huron High School in [[New Boston, Michigan]]. <ref>[http://www.tmz.com/tag/joey+gaydoes+jr.+apology/ "School of Rock" Kid's Mug and Apology]</ref>

==Filmography==
*(2003) ''[[School of Rock]]'' as Zack Mooneyham.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1417621/bio Joey Gaydos] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Gaydos, Joey
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =April 18, 1991
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Dearborn, Michigan]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaydos, Joey}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
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[[fi:Joey Gaydos]]
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[[sv:Joey Gaydos]]

Spartacus (ballet)

2011-01-03T00:20:01Z

Pap3rinik: +it.wiki

{{Infobox Ballet
|name = Spartacus
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|choreographer = [[Leonid Yakobson]]
|composer = [[Aram Khachaturian]]
|based_on =
|premiere = 1956
|place = [[Kirov Theatre]], [[Leningrad]]
|ballet_company = [[Kirov Ballet]]
|characters = Crassus Spartacus Phrygia Aegina
|set designer =
|setting =
|created for =
|genre = [[Neoclassical ballet]]
|type =
}}

'''''Spartacus''''', or '''Spartak''', is a [[ballet]] by [[Aram Khachaturian]] (1903-1978). The work follows the exploits of [[Spartacus]], the leader of the [[Slavery|slave]] uprising against the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] known as the [[Third Servile War]], although the ballet's storyline takes considerable liberties with the historical record. Khachaturian composed the ballet in 1954, and for this was awarded a Lenin Prize that year<ref>Victor Yuzefovich ''Aram Khachaturyan'', p.217 - New York: Sphinx Press, 1985</ref>. It was first staged, with choreography by Leonid Yakobson, in Leningrad 1956<ref name="virtmus">{{cite web |accessdate=2009-04-19 |url=http://www.khachaturian.am/eng/works/ballets_2.htm |title=Ballets: Spartacus
|publisher=Virtual Museum of the Great Armenian Composer Aram Khachaturian |year=}}</ref>, but only with qualified success since Yakobson abandoned conventional ''[[pointe]]'' in his choreography<ref>Yuzefovich, p.218</ref>. The ballet received its first staging at the [[Bolshoi Theatre]], Moscow in 1958, choreographed by [[Igor Moiseev]]; however it was the 1968 production, choreographed by [[Yuri Grigorovich]], which achieved the greatest acclaim for the ballet<ref name="virtmus"/>. It remains one of Khachaturian's best known works and is prominent within the repertoires of the Bolshoi Theatre and other ballet companies in [[Russia]] and the former [[Soviet Union]].

==Synopsis==

Principal Characters:

*'''Crassus''', Roman consul
*'''Spartacus''', captive king of Thrace
*'''Phrygia''', wife of Spartacus
*'''Aegina''', concubine to Crassus

===Act I===
The Roman consul Crassus returns to Rome from his latest conquests in a triumphal procession. Among his captives are the Thracian king Spartacus and his wife Phrygia. Spartacus laments his captivity and bids a bitter farewell to Phrygia, who is taken off to join Crassus’ harem of concubines. To entertain Crassus and his entourage, Spartacus is sent into the gladiatorial ring and is forced to kill a close friend. Horrified at his deed, Spartacus incites his fellow captives to rebellion.

===Act II===
The escaped captives celebrate their freedom. Meanwhile, Crassus entertains the Roman patricians with a lavish entertainment, including fights between blindfolded gladiators. The seductive Aegina incites a sexual orgy. Spartacus and his men disrupt the orgy and rescue the slave women, including Phrygia. The insulted Aegina insists that Crassus pursue the slave army immediately. The lovers celebrate their escape to the familiar “Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia.”

===Act III===
Aegina discovers Spartacus’s camp and observes the lovers emerging from their tent the next morning. Aegina sends word to Crassus, who sends his army in pursuit. Internecine struggles break out among Spartacus’s forces. Finally, Crassus’s forces discover Spartacus and impale him upon their spears. Spartacus’s closest followers recover his body and carry it off while Phrygia mourns her loss.

==Orchestral Adaptation==

Khachaturian extracted and arranged music from the ballet in 1955 for three orchestral suites:
*Spartacus Suite No.1
**Introduction - Dance of the Nymphs
**Adagio of Aegina and Harmodius
**Variation of Aegina and Bacchanalia
**Scene and Dance with Crotala
**Dance of the Gaditanae - Victory of Spartacus
*Spartacus Suite No.2
**Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia
**Entrance of the Merchants - Dance of a Roman Courtesan -
**General Dance
**Entrance of Spartacus - Quarrel -
**Treachery of Harmodius
**Dance of the Pirates
*Spartacus Suite No.3
**Dance of a Greek Slave
**Dance of an Egyptian Girl
**Night Incident
**Dance of Phrygia - Parting Scene
**At the Circus

Part of the [[Tempo#Basic_tempo_markings|Adagio]] of Spartacus and [[Phrygia]] (the opening piece in Suite No. 2) was used as the opening theme for the [[UK]] [[television]] series ''[[The Onedin Line]]''; in the film ''[[Caligula]]''; the main love theme in the film ''[[Mayerling (1968 film)|Mayerling]]''; and in ''[[The Hudsucker Proxy]]''. It was also featured in the 2006 animated film ''[[Ice Age 2: The Meltdown]]'', and again in the film's sequel, ''[[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs]]''. [[Oksana Domnina]] and [[Maxim Shabalin]] won the [[2009 World Figure Skating Championships]] Ice Dance competition with their free dance to the music. In 2004, Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast Anna Bessonova performed her bronze medal ball routine at the Athens Olympics to an excerpt of the adagio. In 1984, with words by [[Tony Hiller]] and [[Nicky Graham]], it became a popular song, ''Journey's End'', recorded by [[Andy Williams]] on [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]. Portions of the ballet were performed by the Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps in 1981, 1982 and again in 2008, winning the DCI World Championship in Bloomington, Indiana.

==References==

<references />

{{Ballet}}

[[Category:Ballets by Aram Khachaturian]]
[[Category:Compositions by Aram Khachaturian]]
[[Category:Ballets by Yury Grigorovich]]
[[Category:Ballets by Leonid Jacobson]]
[[Category:1956 ballet premieres]]
[[Category:1956 in the Soviet Union]]

[[es:Espartaco (ballet)]]
[[fr:Spartacus (ballet)]]
[[hy:Սպարտակ (բալետ)]]
[[it:Spartaco (balletto)]]
[[mk:Спартак (балет)]]
[[mn:Спартак (бүжгэн жүжиг)]]
[[ja:スパルタクス (バレエ)]]
[[pl:Spartakus (balet)]]
[[ru:Спартак (балет)]]
[[fi:Spartacus (baletti)]]
[[sv:Spartacus (balett)]]

Weight cycling

2010-10-26T13:09:03Z

Pap3rinik: +it.wiki

'''Yo-yo dieting''' or '''Yo-yo effect''', also known as '''weight cycling''', is the repeated loss and regain of [[body weight]] due to excessive hypocaloric [[dieting]]. The term "yo-yo dieting" was coined by [[Kelly D. Brownell]], Ph.D., at [[Yale University]], in reference to the cyclical up-down motion of a [[yo-yo]]. In this process, the dieter is initially successful in the pursuit of [[weight loss]] but is unsuccessful in maintaining the loss long-term and begins to gain the weight back. The dieter then seeks to lose the regained weight, and the cycle begins again.

==Causes==
The reasons for yo-yo dieting are varied but often include embarking upon a hypocaloric diet that was initially too extreme. At first the dieter may experience elation at the thought of loss and pride of their rejection of [[food]]. Over time, however, the limits imposed by such extreme diets cause effects such as [[depression (mood)|depression]] or [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]] that make the diet impossible to sustain. Ultimately, the dieter reverts to their old eating [[habituation|habit]]s, now with the added emotional effects of failing to lose weight by restrictive diet. Such an emotional state leads many people to eating more than they would have before dieting, causing them to rapidly regain weight.
<ref>
{{cite journal
| author = Amigo, I., Fernandez, C.
| title = Effects of diets and their role in weight control
| journal = Psychology, Healthy Medicine
| volume = 12
| issue = 3
| pages = 312–327
| year = 2007
| month = May
| accessdate = 2009-04-11
| doi = 10.1080/13548500600621545
}}</ref>

==Effects on health==
This kind of diet is associated with extreme food deprivation as a substitute for good diet and [[exercise]] techniques. As a result, the dieter may experience loss of both [[muscle]] and [[body fat]] during the initial weight-loss phase ([[weight training|weight-bearing]] exercise is required to maintain muscle). After completing the diet, the dieter is likely to experience the body's [[famine response]], leading to rapid weight gain of only fat. This is a cycle that changes the body's fat-to-muscle ratio, one of the more important factors in health. One study in rats showed those made to yo-yo diet were more efficient at gaining weight.<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0P-485RRRB-10F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9262c8a4abe22429818097ec464b274f The effects of repeated cycles of weight loss and regain in rats] ScienceDirect - Physiology & Behavior</ref>
However, as of 1994, the research compiled by Atkinson et al. (1994) showed that there are “no adverse effects of weight cycling on body composition, resting metabolic rate, body fat distribution, or future successful weight loss,” and that there is not enough evidence to show risk factors for cardiovascular disease being directly dependant on cyclical dieting patterns.Yo-yo dieting can have extreme emotional and physical ramifications due to the stress that someone puts on themselves to lose weight quickly. The instant gratification of losing the weight eventually gives way to old eating habits that cause weight gain and emotional distress.

<ref>
{{cite journal
| author = Atkinson, R. L., Dietz, W. H., Foreyt, J. P., Goodwin, N. J., Hill, J. O., Hirsch, J.,… Yanovski, S. Z.
| title = Weight cycling. National task force on the prevention and treatment of obesity.
| journal = Journal of the American Medical Association
| volume = 15
| issue = 272
| pages = 1196–1202
| year = 1994
| month =
| accessdate = 2009-11-04
}}</ref>
Since there is “no single definition of weight cycling [that] can be endorsed,” it is almost impossible for research to draw specific conclusions about the actual affects of cyclical dieting, until it becomes more definitely defined.
<ref>
{{cite journal
| author = Atkinson, R. L., Dietz, W. H., Foreyt, J. P., Goodwin, N. J., Hill, J. O., Hirsch, J.,… Yanovski, S. Z.
| title = Weight cycling. National task force on the prevention and treatment of obesity.
| journal = Journal of the American Medical Association
| volume = 15
| issue = 272
| pages = 1196–1202
| year = 1994
| month =
| accessdate = 2009-11-04
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Healthy diet]]
*[[Food faddism]]
*[[Food Balance Wheel]]
*[[Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption]] (EPOC)

==External links==
*[http://www.nwcr.ws National Weight Control Registry]
*[http://www.oa.org/index.htm Overeaters Anonymous website]

[[Category:Obesity]]
[[Category:Nutrition]]
[[Category:Diets]]

[[cs:Jojo efekt]]
[[de:Jo-Jo-Effekt]]
[[it:Effetto yo-yo]]
[[hu:Jojó diéta]]
[[it:Effetto yo-yo]]
[[zh:溜溜球效应]]

Georgy Sviridov

2010-07-26T14:59:48Z

Pap3rinik: it.wiki

'''Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Гео́ргий Васи́льевич Свири́дов; his patronymic is also transliterated ''Vasil'yevich'', ''Vasilievich'', and ''Vasil'evich'') (December 16, 1915 – January 5, 1998) was a [[USSR|Soviet]] [[Neoromanticism (music)|neoromantic]] [[composer]].

==Early Life and Youth==
Sviridov was born in 1915 in the town of [[Fatezh]] in the [[Kursk]] [[guberniya]] of the [[Russian Empire]] (present-day [[Kursk Oblast]]). His father, Vasily Sviridov, a sympathizer of the [[Bolshevik]] cause during the [[Russian Civil War]] that followed the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]], was killed when Georgy was four. The family moved to [[Kursk]], where Sviridov, still in elementary school, learned to play his first instrument, the [[balalaika]]. Learning to play by ear, he demonstrated such talent and ability that he was accepted into the local orchestra of Russian folk instruments. He enrolled in a music school in 1929, and following the advice of his teacher, M. Krutinsky, came to [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] in 1932, where he studied [[piano]] at the Leningrad Central Music College, graduating in 1936. From 1936 to 1941, Sviridov studied at the [[Saint Petersburg Conservatory|Leningrad Conservatory]] under [[Peter Borisovich Ryazanov]] and [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]. Mobilized into the [[Soviet]] [[armed forces]] in 1941, just days after his graduation from the conservatory, Sviridov was sent to a military academy in [[Ufa]], but was discharged by the end of the year due to poor health.

==Musical legacy==

In 1935 Sviridov's composed a cycle of lyrical [[romance (music)|romances]] based on the poetry of [[Alexander Pushkin]] which brought him first critical acclaim. During his studies in [[Saint Petersburg Conservatory|Leningrad Conservatory]], 1936–1941, Sviridov experimented with different genres and different types of musical composition. He completed Piano Concerto No. 1 (1936–1939), Symphony No. 1 and the Chamber Symphony for Strings (1940). Later Sviridov would turn to the rich Russian musical heritage, including the folk songs, for inspiration.

Among Sviridov's most popular orchestral pieces are the Romance and the [[Waltz]] from his ''The Blizzard'', musical illustrations after Pushkin (1975), that were originally written for the [[The Blizzard (1964 film)|eponymous 1964 film]] based on the short story from [[Alexander Pushkin|Pushkin]]'s ''[[The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin]]''. A short segment from his score for the 1967 film ''[[Time, Forward!]]'' (''Время, вперёд!'') was selected as the opening theme for the main evening TV news program ''[[Vremya]]'' (Время, 'time') and became the staple of Soviet life for several generations.

Poetry always occupied an important place in Sviridov's artistic universe. He wrote songs and romances to the lyrics of [[Mikhail Lermontov]] (1938, 1957), [[Alexander Blok]] (1941), [[William Shakespeare]] (1944–1960), [[Robert Burns]] (in Russian translation, 1955). Despite the popularity of Sviridov's instrumental works, both the composer himself and the music critics regarded vocal and choral music to be his main strengths. ''Pathetic Oratorio'' (1959) after [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] has been called a masterful musical rendering of one of the most popular Russian revolution poet. Sviridov's prolific vocal chamber and vocal symphonic output includes Oratorio ''To the memory of Sergei Yesenin'' (1956), Little Cantata ''Wooden Russia'' (1964) after Yesenin, Cantata ''Songs of Kursk'' (1964), ''Spring Cantata'' (1972) after [[Nikolai Nekrasov]], songs, romances, and cantatas after [[Fyodor Tyutchev]], [[Sergei Yesenin]], [[Alexander Blok]],
[[Boris Pasternak]], [[Alexander Prokofiev]], [[Robert Rozhdestvensky]]. He also wrote one [[opera]], ''Twinkling Lights'' (1951).

While Sviridov's music remains little known in the West, his works received high praise in his homeland for their memorable lyrical melodies, national flavor and mainly for great expression of [[Russia]] and [[Russian soul]] in his music.

==Honors and awards==
[[Image:Sviridovgrave.jpg|thumb|250px|Sviridov's grave in [[Novodevichy]] cemetery, Moscow]]
In 1946 Sviridov was awarded the [[Stalin Prize]] for his [[Piano Trio]], heavily influenced by [[Tchaikovsky]]. [[Lenin Prize]] of 1960 was bestowed on the composer for his ''Pathetic Oratorio''. Georgy Sviridov was awarded the [[USSR State Prize]] in 1968 and 1980 and honored with the title [[People's Artist of the USSR]]. He became a [[Hero of Socialist Labor]] (1975) and was twice awarded the [[Order of Lenin]].

[[Asteroid]] [[4075 Sviridov]], discovered by the Russian astronomer [[Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina]] in 1982, was named in honor of Georgy Sviridov.

==Death==
The composer died of a heart attack in Moscow, where he had lived since 1956, on January 5, 1998.

==List of works==
*Seven Small Pieces for piano (1934–1935)
*Six Romances on Texts by Pushkin for voice and piano (1935)
*Seven Songs after [[Lermontov]] (1938)
*Piano Concerto No. 1 (1936–1939)
*Chamber Symphony for strings (1940)
*Three Songs after [[Alexander Blok]] (1941)
*Piano Concerto No. 2 (1942)
*"Othello", incidental music after Shakespeare (1942)
*"Shakespeare Suite" for singer and piano (1944)
*Piano Sonata (1944)
*Piano Trio (1945 - rev. 1955)
*String Quartet No. 1 (1945–1946)
*Two Partitas for piano (1946 - rev. 1957, 1960)
*String Quartet No. 2 (1947)
*Children's Album, seventeen pieces for piano (1948 - rev. 1957)
*Symphony No. 2 (1949/Unfinished)
*"Country of My Fathers", poem after A. Issaakian for tenor and bass with piano accompaniment (1949–1950)
*"Bright Lights", operetta in three acts after L. Sacharov and S. Poloski (1951)
*"Ruy Blas", serenade (1952)
*Songs after Burns for bass and piano (1955)
*"The Decembrists", oratorio (1955)
*"Poem to the Memory of [[Sergei Yesenin]]", oratorio for tenor, mixed chorus and orchestra (1956)
*"My Father is a Farmer", song cycle after Yessenin for tenor and baritone with piano accompagniment (1957)
*"Suburb-Lyrics", seven songs after A. Prokofiev and M. Issakovsky for singer and piano (1938–1958)
*Eight Romances to words by Lermontov for bass and piano (1957–1958)
*Five Choruses to Lyrics by Russian Poets (1958)
*Oratorio Pathetique after [[Vladimir Mayakovsky|Mayakovsky]] for bass, mezzo-soprano, mixed chorus and orchestra (1959)
*Song about [[Lenin]] ("We Don't Believe") after Mayakovsky for bass, mixed chorus and orchestra (1960)
*"St. Petersburg Songs" for soprano, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, violin, cello and piano (1961–1963)
*"A Voice from the Chorus", monolog after A. Blok for bass and piano (1963)
*"Songs of [[Kursk]]", cantata after folktexts for mixed chorus and orchestra (1964)
*"Wooden Russia", cantate to words of Yesenin for tenor, men's chorus and orchestra (1964)
*Triptych, a small symphony for orchestra (1964)
*Music for chamber orchestra (1964)
*Music to the Film "Snow Storm" after Pushkin (1964)
*"Sad Songs", small cantata to words of A. Blok for mezzo-soprano, female chorus and orchestra (1962–1965)
*"It's Snowing" small cantata to words of B. [[Pasternak]] for female chorus, boys'chorus and orchestra (1965)
*"[[Time, Forward!]]", suite of the film score (1967)
*"Five Songs about Russia", oratorio after Blok for soprano, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, mixed chorus and orchestra (1967)
*"Four Folksongs" for chorus and orchestra (1971)
*"The Friendly Guest", cantata to words of Yesenin for solovoices, chorus and orchestra (1971–1976)
*"Spring Cantata" to words of [[Nekrasov]] for mixed chorus and orchestra (1972)
*Concerto in Memory of A.A. Yurlov for unaccompanied mixed chorus (1973)
*Music to the Play "Czar Fyodor Ioannovich" after Tolstoi (1973)
*"The Birch of Life", cantata to words of A. Blok for mezzo-soprano and orchestra (1974)
*Three Miniatures for solo voices and mixed chorus (1972–1975)
*"Snow Storm", musical illustrations after Pushkin for orchestra (1975)
*"Songs of Petersburg" after A. Blok for bass and piano (1975)
*Three Pieces from "Children's Album" for mixed chorus [[a cappella]] (1975)
*"Ode to Lenin" after R. Rozhdestvensky for narrator, chorus and large orchestra (1976)
*"Cast of Russia", poem after Sergei Yesenin for tenor and piano (1977)
*Hymns to the Motherland for chorus (1978)
*Twenty-five Choruses for bass and piano (1939–1979)
*"Pushkin's Garland", choral concerto on verses by Alexander Pushkin (1979)
*"Nightly Clouds", cantata after A. Blok for mixed chorus a cappella (1979)
*Ten Songs after Alexander Blok for singer and piano (1972–1980)
*"Ladaga", poem for chorus after A. Prokofiev (1980)
*"Songs From Hard Times", concerto after Alexander Blok for chorus a cappella (1980–1981)
*"Russia Cast Adrift", cycle on poems by Sergei Esenin for baritone and piano (1987)
*"Petersburg", a vocal poem (1995)

==External links==
*[http://www.nflowers.ru/engl/cd/28.html] Petersburg Musical Archive
*[http://www.classicalarchives.com/main/s.html#SVIRIDOV] Classical Archives - Georgy Sviridov
*[http://www.classic-music.ru/sviridov.html] Георгий Васильевич Свиридов (1915–1998) (Russian)
*[http://www.nfb.ca/film/tower_bawher Canadian animated film set to the music of ''Forward, Time!'', using the motifs of 1920s art]

{{Lists of Russians}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sviridov, Georgy Vasilyevich}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labor]]
[[Category:Neoromantic composers]]
[[Category:Opera composers]]
[[Category:People from Kursk Oblast]]
[[Category:People's Artists of the USSR]]
[[Category:Russian composers]]
[[Category:Soviet composers]]
[[Category:Stalin Prize winners]]

[[de:Georgi Wassiljewitsch Swiridow]]
[[fr:Gueorgui Sviridov]]
[[he:גיאורגי סבירידוב]]
[[it:Georgij Vasil'jevič Sviridov]]
[[nl:Georgi Vasiljevitsj Sviridov]]
[[ja:ゲオルギー・スヴィリードフ]]
[[ru:Свиридов, Георгий Васильевич]]
[[sv:Georgij Sviridov]]
[[uk:Свиридов Георгій Васильович]]

Fiat Ducato

2010-04-23T14:33:24Z

Pap3rinik:

{{Infobox Automobile
| image =
| name = Fiat Ducato
| aka =
| manufacturer = [[Sevel Sud]] [[Fiat]]<ref>[http://www.fiatgroup.com/comuni/php/file_get.php?w=NDOPGL4LDI8MWXCPERTD fiatgroup.com]</ref>
| assembly =[[Val di Sangro]], [[Atessa]], [[Italy]] [[Sete Lagoas]], [[Minas Gerais]], [[Brazil]]
| production = 1981-present
| predecessor = [[Fiat 238]]
| successor =
| class = [[Light commercial vehicle|LCV]]
| platform =
| body_style =
| engine =
| transmission =
| wheelbase =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| weight =
| aka =
| fuel_economy =
| fuel_capacity=
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| designer =
}}

The '''Fiat Ducato''' is a large [[van]] produced by [[Fiat]]. 
The Fiat Ducato is the same van as the [[Citroën Jumper]] and the [[Peugeot Boxer]], which are all very popular vans to convert into [[motorhome]]s. All these models are produced at the same Fiat factories in Italy and Brazil, and under licence in Elabuga (Russia) by Russian automobile company [[Sollers JSC]] (formerly Severstal Auto) since 2008. Sollers also produces UAZ off-roaders, Ssangyong (South Korea) and other Fiat platforms under licence. Russian conglomerate Severstal divested the division Severstal-Auto in 2001, and the company changed its name to Sollers in 2008.

Since 1981, more than 2 million Fiat Ducato vehicles have been produced.<ref name="italiaspeed.com/2008">{{Cite web|url=http://www.italiaspeed.com/2008/cars/fiat_professional/11/ducato_2_million/1911.html|title=FIAT DUCATO PRODUCTION BREAKS TWO MILLION MARK|accessdate=2008-11-22|work=italiaspeed.com/2008}}</ref>

==First generation (1981–1993)==
{{Infobox Automobile generation
| image = [[Image:Fiat Ducato front 20071112.jpg|250px|Fiat Ducato]]
| related = (1st Gen): [[Alfa Romeo]] AR6 [[Peugeot J5]] [[Citroën C25]] [[Talbot Express]] (2nd Gen) [[Peugeot Boxer]] [[Citroën Jumper]] [[Zastava]] Ducato (3rd Gen) [[Peugeot Boxer]] [[Citroën Jumper]]
| name = First generation
| production = 1981-1993
| body_style = 3-door [[van]] 2-door [[Pickup truck|pickup]]
| engine = 1.8L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 2.0L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 1.9L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 2.5L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Inline-four engine|I4]]
}}

The Ducato was first launched in 1981 then redesigned for 1993: engines were 2.0-litre [[Inline-four engine|4-cylinder]] petrol or 1.9 [[Diesel engine|diesel]]. Trim levels were base, S and SX. The vans were manufactured in the new [[Sevel Sud|Sevel Sud factory]] in [[Val di Sangro]], Italy. Other almost identical vehicles were the [[Alfa Romeo AR6]], [[Peugeot J5]], [[Citroën C25]] and [[Talbot Express]] (1986–1992). Model variants were named according to carrying capacity: Ducato 10 (1.0 tons), Ducato 13 (1.3 tons), Ducato 14 (1.4 tons) and Ducato Maxi 18 (1.8 tons). The Ducato Mk1 was very popular as a basis for [[campervan]] conversions.

===Engines first series===
{|class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
| '''Model''' || '''Type'''|| '''Power'''
|-----
|1.8||[[petrol]]||{{convert|69|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.0||petrol||{{convert|75|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.0||petrol||{{convert|84|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|1.9||[[Diesel engine|diesel]]||{{convert|70|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.5||diesel||{{convert|74|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.5TD||diesel||{{convert|95|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|}

<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="4">
File:Fiat Ducato based motor home first reg March 1992 1971cc.JPG|The Ducato was popular as the basis for [[motorhome]] conversions.
File:Alfa Romeo AR6 10.jpg|The first generation Ducato was also badged as Alfa Romeo AR6.
</gallery>
{{clear}}

==Second generation (1994–2006)==
{{Infobox Automobile generation
| image = [[Image:Fiat Ducato II 20090402 front.JPG|250px|Fiat Ducato]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| name = Second generation
| aka = Peugeot Boxer Peugeot Manager ([[Mexico]]) Citroen Jumper Citroen Relay ([[United Kingdom]])
| production = 1994-2007
| body_style = 3-door [[van]] 4-door [[van]] 2-door [[Pickup truck|pickup]]
| engine = 2.3L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 2.0L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 2.0L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 1.9L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 2.5L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Inline-four engine|I4]] 2.8L [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] [[Inline-four engine|I4]]
}}

[[Image:Florian Borken 2-83-3 (16.04.2004).JPG|thumb|right|Ducato second series]]
[[Image:MHV Fiat Ducato 2006 01.jpg|thumb|right|Facelifted 2nd gen. Ducato Mobile Home (2006)]]
[[Image:Ducato pmesp ambiental.jpg|thumb|right|Facelifted 2nd gen. police Ducato in [[São Paulo]]]]
New Sevel produced version. Peugeot changed its name to Boxer and Citroën is named as Jumper (Relay in the UK). One of engine options was Fiat 2.5 L diesel, which was replaced with 2.8 L [[Iveco]]/Sofim engine in 1998 .

The Ducato Goods [[Transport]] has a payload of 12 m cubed and comes with a choice of four [[engines]]. The 2.0 petrol, 2.0 JTD, 2.3 JTD 16v or the 2.8 JTD. They all conform to the Euro 3 standards and offer programmed [[Maintenance, repair and operations|maintenance]] management. The range includes two types of [[gearbox]]: a mechanical box with a five-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] plus reverse and an [[automatic transmission]] with four speeds plus reverse.

The Ducato Passenger Transport has a carrying [[capacity]] of 6 to 9 people and comes with the 2.3 litre JTD 16v engine, which again is Euro 3 compliant and delivers 110 bhp.

The Ducato Combi is a mixture of the Goods Transport and the [[Passenger]] Transport. It is ideal for the transport of people and goods alike, and it can accommodate up to 9 occupants. Model designations were Ducato 10 (1 ton), Ducato 14 (1.4 tons and Ducato Maxi 18 (1.8 tons).

Second series was restyled in 2003 with the addition of rear and side bump mouldings and revised front grille. The engine range was: 2.0 JTD, 2.3 JTD 16v and 2.8 JTD, 2.5 diesel was dropped way. Model designations were this time: Ducato 29 (2.9 tons), Ducato 30 (3.0 tons), Ducato 33 (3.3 tons) and Ducato Maxi 35 (3.5 tons).

===Engines second generation 1994-1999===
{|class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
| '''Model''' || '''Type'''|| '''Power'''
|-----
|2.0||[[petrol]]||{{convert|100|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.0D||diesel||{{convert|81|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|1.9TD||[[Diesel engine|diesel]]||{{convert|82|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}-{{convert|90|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.5D||diesel||{{convert|100|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.5TDI||diesel||{{convert|115|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.8D||diesel||{{convert|87|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.8TD||diesel||{{convert|139|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|}

===Engines second generation 1999-2003===
{|class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
| '''Model''' || '''Type'''|| '''Power'''
|-----
|2.0||[[petrol]]||{{convert|100|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|1.9D||diesel||{{convert|85|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|1.9TD||diesel||{{convert|90|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.0[[JTD]]||[[Diesel engine|diesel]]||{{convert|100|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.3JTD||diesel||{{convert|110|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.5TDI||diesel||{{convert|116|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.8i.d.TD||diesel||{{convert|125|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|}

===Engines second generation (facelift)===
{|class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
| '''Model''' || '''Type'''|| '''Power'''
|-----
|2.0||[[petrol]]||{{convert|110|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.0 natural power||[[compressed natural gas|CNG]]||{{convert|110|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.0 G power||[[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]]||{{convert|110|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.0[[JTD]]||[[Diesel engine|diesel]]||{{convert|84|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.3 JTD 16V||diesel||{{convert|110|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.8 JTD||diesel||{{convert|127|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.3 Multijet ([[Brazil]] - 2009) 16V||diesel||{{convert|127|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.8 JTD Power||diesel||{{convert|146|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|}

==Third generation (2006–)==
{{Infobox Automobile generation
| image = [[Image:Fiat Ducato front 20080409.jpg|250px|Ducato third series]]
| transmission = 6-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| name = Third generation
| production = 2006-present
| aka = Peugeot Boxer Citroen Relay Peugeot Manager ([[Mexico]]) Citroen Jumper
| wheelbase = SWB Relay/Jumper: {{convert|3000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SWB: {{convert|3450|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} LWB: {{convert|4035|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} MWB (Truck Only): {{convert|3800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|2050|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = SWB: {{convert|2524|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} & {{convert|2764|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Truck: {{convert|2254|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Boxer/Manager Truck: {{convert|2153|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Boxer/Manager Van: {{convert|2522|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = SWB Relay/Jumper: {{convert|4963|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Boxer/Manager Chassis Cab: {{convert|6208|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SWB Truck Relay/Jumper: {{convert|5258|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SWB Truck: {{convert|5358|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} MWB Truck: {{convert|5708|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} MWB Truck Relay/Jumper: {{convert|5608|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} LWB Truck: {{convert|5943|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} LWB Truck XL: {{convert|6308|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SWB: {{convert|5413|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} LWB: {{convert|5998|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} & {{convert|6363|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} LWB Truck: {{convert|5843|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} LWB Truck XL: {{convert|6208|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| body_style = 3-door [[van]] 4-door [[van]] 2-door [[Pickup truck|pickup]]
| engine = 2.2L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] 2.3L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] 3.0L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] [[Diesel engine|Diesel]]
}}
[[File:Fiat Ducato Pritsche front 20081223.jpg|thumb|left|Fiat Ducato III]]
The third generation Ducato was launched in 2006. The vehicle was available in many variants both for people and goods transport. Carrying capacity was again increased, with the following designations: Ducato 30 (3 tonnes), Ducato 33 (3.3 tonnes), Ducato Maxi 35 (3.5 tonnes) and Ducato Maxi 40 (4 tonnes).

===Engines third generation===
{|class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
| '''Model''' || '''Type'''|| '''Power'''
|-----
|2.2 Multijet||[[Diesel engine|diesel]]||{{convert|100|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.3 Multijet||diesel||{{convert|120|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|2.3 Multijet||diesel||{{convert|130|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|-----
|3.0 Multijet Power||diesel||{{convert|157|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}
|}

==Fiat Ducato and Peugeot Manager in Mexico==
This third generation Ducato has been available in Mexico since November 15, 2007 and over 30 different models are available. The third generation Ducato is currently only offered in the Mexican market in North America, but Fiat plans to import the vehicle to the United States and Canada to be sold under the [[Ram (automobile)|Ram]] brand.

As part of the joint venture between PSA Peugeot Citroen and Fiat Group, the Peugeot version of the Fiat Ducato, known as Boxer in Europe, is also available in Mexico, but with the "Manager" nametag.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.fiatprofessional.co.uk Fiat Professional UK]

{{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}
{{Fiat}}

[[Category:Fiat vehicles|Ducato]]
[[Category:Vans]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1981]]
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]
[[Category:2010s automobiles]]
[[da:Fiat Ducato]]
[[de:Fiat Ducato]]
[[es:Furgoneta grande (Sevel)]]
[[fr:Citroën Jumper - Fiat Ducato - Peugeot Boxer]]
[[it:Fiat Ducato]]
[[nl:Fiat Ducato]]
[[ja:フィアット・デュカート]]
[[pl:Fiat Ducato]]
[[pt:Fiat Ducato]]
[[ru:Fiat Ducato]]
[[sv:Fiat Ducato]]
[[tr:Fiat Ducato]]

Communication

2009-05-29T15:21:05Z

Pap3rinik: fix it.wiki

{{otheruses}}
'''Communication''' is the process of transferring information from one source to another. Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs".<ref name="dictionary-definition">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/communication|title=communication definition | Dictionary.com|publisher=Ask.com service|accessdate=2009-03-08}}</ref> Communication can be perceived as a two-way [[Process (science)|process]] in which there is an exchange and progression of [[thought]]s, [[feeling]]s or [[idea]]s towards a mutually accepted{{Clarify me|date=March 2009}} goal or direction.

Communication as an [[academic discipline]] has a long history. <ref>http://seaver.pepperdine.edu/communication/disciplineofcommunication.htm</ref>

== Overview ==
Communication is a process where by information is encoded and imparted by a sender to a receiver via a channel/medium. The receiver then decodes the message and gives the sender a feedback.
Communication requires that all parties have an area of communicative commonality. There are [[auditory]] means, such as speaking, singing and sometimes tone of voice, and [[nonverbal communication|nonverbal]], physical means, such as [[body language]], [[sign language]], [[paralanguage]], [[haptics|touch]], [[eye contact]], by using [[writing]].

Communication is thus a process by which we assign and [[convey]] meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertoire of skills in [[intrapersonal]] and [[interpersonal]] processing, listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. if you use these processes it is developmental and transfers to all areas of life: home, school, community, work, and beyond. It is through communication that [[collaboration]] and [[cooperation]] occur.<ref>{{cite web|title=communication|work=office of superintendent of Public instruction|location=Washington|url=http://www.k12.wa.us/CurriculumInstruct/Communications/default.aspx |accessdate=March 14, 2008 | dateformat=mdy}}</ref>

Cion skills directly through education, and by practicing those skills and having them evaluated.

There are also many common barriers to successful communication, two of which are '''message overload''' (when a person receives too many messages at the same time), and '''message complexity'''.<ref>Montana, Patrick J. & Charnov, Bruce H. 2008. Management. 4th ed. New York. Barron's Educational Series, Inc. Pg 333.</ref>

== Types of communication ==
There are three major parts in human face to face communication which are body language, voice tonality, and words. According to the research:<ref>Mehrabian and Ferris (1967). "Inference of Attitude from Nonverbal Communication in Two Channels". In: ''The Journal of Counselling Psychology'' Vol.31, 1967, pp.248-52.</ref>
* 55% of impact is determined by body language--postures, gestures, and eye contact,
* 38% by the tone of voice, and
* 7% by the content or the words used in the [[communication process]].
Although the exact percentage of influence may differ from variables such as the listener and the speaker, communication as a whole strives for the same goal and thus, in some cases, can be universal. System of signals, such as voice sounds, intonations or pitch, gestures or [[writing|written]] symbols which communicate thoughts or feelings. If a language is about communicating with signals, voice, sounds, gestures, or written symbols, can animal communications be considered as a language? Animals do not have a written form of a language, but use a language to communicate with each another. In that sense, an animal communication can be considered as a separate language.

[[Human]] spoken and written languages can be described as a [[system]] of [[symbol]]s (sometimes known as [[lexeme]]s) and the [[grammar]]s ([[wiktionary:rule|rule]]s) by which the symbols are manipulated. The word "language" is also used to refer to common properties of languages. Language learning is normal in human childhood. Most human languages use patterns of [[sound]] or [[gesture]] for symbols which enable communication with others around them. There are thousands of human languages, and these seem to share certain properties, even though many shared properties have exceptions.

There is [[Dialect#.22Dialect.22 or .22language.22|no defined line]] between a language and a [[dialect]], but the linguist [[Max Weinreich]] is credited as saying that "[[a language is a dialect with an army and a navy]]". [[Constructed language]]s such as [[Esperanto]], programming languages, and various mathematical formalisms are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by human languages.

=== Dialogue or verbal communication ===
A [[dialogue]] is a [[reciprocal]] [[conversation]] between two or more entities. The [[etymological]] origins of the word (in [[Greek language|Greek]] διά(diá,through) + λόγος(logos, word,speech) concepts like flowing-through meaning) do not necessarily convey the way in which people have come to use the word, with some confusion between the prefix διά-(diá-,through) and the prefix δι- (di-, two) leading to the assumption that a dialogue is necessarily between only two parties.

=== Nonverbal communication ===
[[Nonverbal communication]] is the process of communicating through sending and receiving wordless [[message]]s. Such messages can be communicated through [[gesture]], [[body language]] or [[posture]]; [[facial expression]] and eye contact, object communication such as [[clothing]], [[hairstyles]] or even [[architecture]], or symbols and [[infographics]], as well as through an aggregate of the above, such as [[behavioral communication]]. Nonverbal communication plays a key role in every person's day to day life, from employment to romantic engagements.

Speech may also contain nonverbal elements known as [[paralanguage]], including voice quality, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as [[rhythm]], [[intonation]] and [[Stress (biological)|stress]]. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the use of [[emoticons]].A portmanteau of the English words emotion (or emote) and icon, an emoticon is a symbol or combination of symbols used to convey emotional content in written or message form.

Other communication channels such as [[telegraphy]] fit into this category, whereby signals travel from person to person by an alternative means. These signals can in themselves be representative of words, objects or merely be state projections. Trials have shown that humans can communicate directly in this way<ref> [[Kevin Warwick|Warwick, K]], [[Mark Gasson|Gasson, M]], Hutt, B, Goodhew, I, [[Peter Kyberd|Kyberd, P]], Schulzrinne, H and Wu, X: “Thought Communication and Control: A First Step using Radiotelegraphy”, ''IEE Proceedings on Communications'', 151(3), pp.185-189, 2004</ref> without body language, voice tonality or words.

=== Visual communication ===
[[Visual communication]] as the name suggests is communication through visual aid. It is the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon. Primarily associated with [[Dimension|two dimensional]] images, it includes: [[signs]], [[typography]], [[drawing]], [[graphic design]], [[illustration]], colour and electronic resources. It solely relies on vision. It is form of communication with visual effect. It explores the idea that a visual message with text has a greater power to inform, educate or [[persuade]] a person. It is communication by presenting information through visual form.

The evaluation of a good visual design is based on measuring comprehension by the audience, not on aesthetic or artistic preference. There are no universally agreed-upon principles of beauty and ugliness. There exists a variety of ways to present information visually, like [[gestures]], body languages, video and TV. Here, focus is on the presentation of text, pictures, diagrams, photos, et cetera, integrated on a computer display. The term visual presentation is used to refer to the actual presentation of information. Recent research in the field has focused on [[web design]] and graphically oriented usability. [[Graphic designers]] use methods of visual communication in their professional practice.

=== Other types of communication ===
Other more specific types of communication are for example:
* [[Facilitated communication]]
* [[Graphic communication]]
* [[Nonviolent Communication]]
* [[Science communication]]
* [[Strategic Communication]]
* [[Superluminal communication]]
* [[Technical communication]]

== Communication modelling ==
[[Image:Communication emisor.jpg|Communication major dimensions scheme|thumb|270px]][[Image:Encoding communication.jpg|Communication code scheme|thumb|270px]]
Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Content (what type of things are communicated), source, emisor, sender or [[encoder]] (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination, receiver, target or [[decoder]] (to whom), and the purpose or pragmatic aspect. Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions. These acts may take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication. The form depends on the abilities of the group communicating. Together, communication content and form make [[message]]s that are sent towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another [[Interpersonal Communication|person]] or being, another entity (such as a corporation or group of beings).

Communication can be seen as processes of [[information transmission]] governed by three levels of [[semiotic]] rules:
#[[Syntactic]] (formal properties of signs and symbols),
#[[pragmatic]] (concerned with the relations between signs/expressions and their users) and
#[[semantic]] (study of relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent).

Therefore, communication is social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and a common set of [[semiotic]] rules. This commonly held rules in some sense ignores [[autocommunication]], including [[intrapersonal communication]] via [[diary|diaries]] or self-talk, both secondary phenomena that followed the primary acquisition of communicative competences within social interactions.

In a simple model, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ [[encoder]] to a destination/ receiver/ [[decoder]]. In a slightly more complex form a sender and a receiver are linked [[wikt:reciprocal|reciprocally]]. A particular instance of communication is called a [[speech act]]. The sender's personal filters and the receiver's personal filters may vary depending upon different regional traditions, cultures, or gender; which may alter the intended meaning of message contents. In the presence of "[[noise|communication noise]]" on the transmission channel (air, in this case), reception and decoding of content may be faulty, and thus the speech act may not achieve the desired effect. One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a code book, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical. Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties.

Theories of [[coregulation]] describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information. Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for the shape and durability of society (Wark, McKenzie 1997). His famous example of this is using ancient Egypt and looking at the ways they built themselves out of media with very different properties stone and papyrus. Papyrus is what he called ''''Space Binding''''. it made possible the transmission of written orders across space, empires and enables the waging of distant military campaigns and colonial administration. The other is stone and ''''Time Binding'''', through the construction of temples and the pyramids can sustain their authority generation to generation, through this media they can change and shape communication in their society (Wark, McKenzie 1997).

== Non-human living organisms communication ==
Communication in many of its facets is not limited to [[human]]s, or even to [[primates]]. Every [[information exchange]] between living organisms — i.e. transmission of [[Signalling theory|signal]]s involving a living sender and [[Receiver (information theory)|receiver]] — can be considered a form of communication. Thus, there is the broad field of [[animal communication]], which encompasses most of the issues in [[ethology]]. On a more basic level, there is [[cell signaling]], [[Cellular communication (biology)|cellular communication]], and chemical communication between primitive organisms like [[bacteria]], and within the [[plant]] and [[fungi|fungal]] kingdoms. All of these communication processes are sign-mediated interactions with a great variety of distinct coordinations.

[[Animal communication]] is any [[behaviour]] on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behavior of another animal. Of course, human communication can be subsumed as a highly developed form of animal communication. The study of animal communication, called ''zoosemiotics''' (distinguishable from [[anthroposemiotics]], the study of human communication) has played an important part in the development of [[ethology]], [[sociobiology]], and the study of [[animal cognition]]. This is quite evident as humans are able to communicate with animals, especially dolphins and other animals used in circuses. However, these animals have to learn a special means of communication. Animal communication, and indeed the understanding of the animal world in general, is a rapidly growing field, and even in the 21st century so far, many prior understandings related to diverse fields such as personal symbolic [[name]] use, [[emotion in animals|animal emotions]], [[animal culture]] and [[animal learning|learning]], and even [[animal sexuality|sexual conduct]], long thought to be well understood, have been [[revolution]]ized.

=== Plants and fungi ===
Among plants, communication is observed within the plant organism, i.e. within [[plant cells]] and between plant cells, between plants of the same or related species, and between plants and non-plant organisms, especially in the rootzone. [[Plant root]]s communicate in parallel with [[rhizobia]] [[bacteria]], with [[fungi]] and with insects in the [[soil]]. This parallel sign-mediated interactions which are governed by syntactic, pragmatic and semantic rules are possible because of the decentralized "nervous system" of plants. As recent research shows 99% of intraorganismic plant communication processes are [[neuronal]]-like. Plants also communicate via [[volatile]]s in the case of [[herbivory]] attack behavior to warn neighboring plants. In parallel they produce other volatiles which attract [[parasites]] which attack these herbivores. In [[Abiotic stress|Stress]] situations plants can overwrite the [[genetic code]] they inherited from their parents and revert to that of their grand- or great-grandparents.<ref>Witzany, G. (2006). Plant Communication from Biosemiotic Perspective. Plant Signaling and Behavior 1(4): 169-178.</ref>

Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their own growth and development such as the formation of mycelia and fruiting bodies. Additionally fungi communicate with same and related species as well as with nonfungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, [[unicellular]] eukaryotes, plants and insects. The used semiochemicals are of biotic origin and they trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, in difference while to even the same chemical molecules are not being a part of biotic messages doesn’t trigger to react the fungal organism. It means, fungal organisms are competent to identify the difference of the same molecules being part of biotic messages or lack of these features. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known that serve to coordinate very different behavioral patterns such as [[filamentation]], [[mating]], growth, [[pathogenicity]]. Behavioral coordination and the production of such substances can only be achieved through interpretation processes: self or non-self, abiotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, or even “noise”, i.e., similar molecules without biotic content-<ref>Witzany, G. (2007). Applied Biosemiotics: Fungal Communication. In: Witzany, G. (Ed). Biosemiotics in Transdisciplinary Contexts. Helsinki, Umweb, pp. 295-301.</ref>

== Communication as academic discipline ==
Communication as an academic discipline, sometimes called "communicology,"<ref>http://www.communicology.org/content/communicology-lexicon-definition</ref> relates to all the ways we communicate, so it embraces a large body of study and knowledge. The communication discipline includes both verbal and nonverbal messages. A body of scholarship all about communication is presented and explained in textbooks, electronic publications, and academic journals. In the journals, researchers report the results of studies that are the basis for an ever-expanding understanding of how we all communicate.

Communication happens at many levels (even for one single action), in many different ways, and for most beings, as well as certain machines. Several, if not all, fields of study dedicate a portion of attention to communication, so when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about what aspects of communication one is speaking about. Definitions of communication range widely, some recognizing that animals can communicate with each other as well as human beings, and some are more narrow, only including human beings within the parameters of human symbolic interaction.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See Also==
*[[Transmission (telecommunications)|Transmission]]s and [[Protocol (computing)|Protocol]]s
*[[Teletraffic engineering|Traffic Engineering]]
*[[Regulatory Focus Theory]]
*[[Right speech]]

== Further reading ==
* Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). ''The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation''. Psychological Bulletin 117, 497-529.
* Ferraro, G.(2002). ''Global Brains- Knowledge and Competencies for the 21st Century''. Charlotte: Intercultural Associates, Inc.
* Severin, Werner J., Tankard, James W., Jr., (1979). ''Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, Uses''. New York: Hastings House, ISBN 0801317037
* Wark, McKenzie 1997 The Virtual Republic Allen and Unwin St Leonards pp 22–9
* Witzany, G. (2006 ) Plant Communication from Biosemiotic Perspective. Plant Signaling & Behavior 1(4): 169-178.
* Witzany, G. (2007 ). Applied Biosemiotics: Fungal Communication. In: Witzany, G. (Ed.) Biosemiotics in Transdisciplinary Contexts. *Helsinki. Umweb, pp 295–301.
* Montana, Patrick J. & Charnov, Bruce H. 2008. Management. 4th ed. New York. Barron's Educational Series, Inc. Pg 326-327.
* [http://www.chinamediaresearch.net/vol4no2/8.pdf ''The Idea of Verbal Communication in Early Buddhism''] Wimal Dissanayake, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, USA, online text

==External links==
{{commonscat|Communication}}
*[http://static.scribd.com/docs/3ji6hh6c1s9f6.swf A brief history of communication across ages]
*[http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/communicating/Communicating_for_change_and_impact.doc Communicating for change and impact]
*[http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/wiio.html How Human Communication Fails] (Tampere University of Technology)
*[http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/trans.html The Transmission Model of Communication] (Daniel Chandler)

{{Social sciences-footer}}

[[Category:Communication]]

[[ar:اتصال]]
[[an:Comunicazión]]
[[bm:Kunafonilaseli]]
[[bs:Komunikacija]]
[[br:Kemennadur]]
[[bg:Комуникации]]
[[ca:Comunicació]]
[[cs:Dorozumívání]]
[[cy:Cyfathrebu]]
[[da:Kommunikation]]
[[de:Kommunikation]]
[[et:Kommunikatsioon]]
[[el:Επικοινωνία]]
[[es:Comunicación]]
[[eo:Komunikado]]
[[eu:Komunikazio]]
[[fa:ارتباطات]]
[[fr:Communication]]
[[fur:Comunicazions]]
[[gv:Çhaghteraght]]
[[gl:Comunicación, función da linguaxe]]
[[ko:통신]]
[[hr:Komunikacije]]
[[id:Komunikasi]]
[[ia:Communication]]
[[is:Samskipti]]
[[it:Comunicazione]]
[[he:תקשורת]]
[[jv:Komunikasi]]
[[ka:კომუნიკაცია]]
[[lv:Saskarsme]]
[[lb:Kommunikatioun]]
[[lt:Bendravimas]]
[[li:Kommunikasie]]
[[hu:Kommunikáció]]
[[mk:Комуникација]]
[[ms:Komunikasi]]
[[nl:Communicatie]]
[[ja:通信]]
[[no:Kommunikasjon]]
[[nn:Kommunikasjon]]
[[oc:Comunicacion]]
[[pl:Komunikacja interpersonalna]]
[[pt:Comunicação]]
[[ro:Comunicaţii]]
[[rm:Communicaziun]]
[[ru:Общение]]
[[sah:Билсии]]
[[sco:Communication]]
[[sq:Komunikimi]]
[[scn:Cumunicazzioni]]
[[simple:Communication]]
[[sl:Komuniciranje]]
[[sr:Комуникација]]
[[su:Komunikasi]]
[[fi:Viestintä]]
[[sv:Kommunikation]]
[[tl:Komunikasyon]]
[[ta:தொடர்பாடல்]]
[[th:การสื่อสาร]]
[[tr:İletişim]]
[[uk:Комунікація]]
[[ur:ابلاغیات]]
[[vec:Comunicasion]]
[[war:Komunikasyon]]
[[yi:קאמוניקאציע]]
[[bat-smg:Kuomonėkacėjės]]
[[zh:通信]]

Italy

2009-05-27T10:07:37Z

Pap3rinik: /* Topography */ fix

{{otheruses6|Italy (disambiguation)|Italia (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}
{{Infobox Country
|native_name = ''Repubblica Italiana''
|conventional_long_name = Italian Republic
|common_name = Italy
|nickname(s) = The Boot; The Belpaese
|image_flag = Flag of Italy.svg
|image_coat = Italy-Emblem.svg
|symbol_type = Coat of arms
|image_map = Location Italy EU Europe.png
|map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=dark green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=light green |legend=Location Italy EU Europe.png}}
|national_motto =
|national_anthem = ''[[Il Canto degli Italiani]]'' (also known as ''Inno di Mameli'') ''The Song of the Italians''
|official_languages = [[Italian language|Italian]]{{smallsup|1}}
|capital = [[Rome]]
|latd=41 |latm=54 |latNS=N |longd=12 |longm=29 |longEW=E
|largest_city = capital
|demonym = [[Italians|Italian]]
|government_type = [[Parliamentary republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[President of the Italian Republic|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Giorgio Napolitano]]
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Silvio Berlusconi]]
|legislature = [[Parliament of Italy|Parliament]]
|upper_house = [[Italian Senate|Senate]]
|lower_house = [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]
|accessionEUdate = 25 March 1957 (founding member)
|EUseats = 78
|area_rank = 71st
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area_km2 = 301,338
|area_sq_mi = 116,346 
|percent_water = 2.4
|population_estimate = 60,017,677<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2008gen/index_e.html |title=Monthly demographic balance January-November 2008|author=[[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]]|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref>
|population_estimate_rank = 23rd
|population_estimate_year = 2008
|population_census = 57,110,144
|population_census_year = 2001
|population_density_km2 = 199.2
|population_density_rank = 54th
|population_density_sq_mi = 515.8 
|GDP_PPP = $1,814 trillion<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=136&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=49&pr.y=15 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2009|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2009-04-22}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2008
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,581<ref name=autogenerated1/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $2,313 trillion<ref name=autogenerated1/>
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year = 2008
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $38,996<ref name=autogenerated1/>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|sovereignty_type = [[Italian unification|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Italian unification|Unification]]
|established_date1 = 17 March 1861
|established_event2 = [[Birth of the Italian Republic|Republic]]
|established_date2 = 2 June 1946
|HDI = {{increase}} 0.945
|HDI_rank = 19th
|HDI_year = 2008
|HDI_category = high
|currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]){{smallsup|2}}
|currency_code = EUR
|country_code =
|time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|drives_on = right
|cctld = [[.it]]{{smallsup|3}}
|calling_code = 39
|Gini = 36
|Gini_year = 2000
|Gini_category = medium
|footnote1 = [[French language|French]] is co-official in the [[Aosta Valley]]; [[Friulian language|Friulian]] and [[Slovenian Language|Slovenian]] are co-official in [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]; [[German language|German]] and [[Ladin]] are co-official in the [[province of Bolzano-Bozen]]; [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] is co-official in [[Sardinia]].
|footnote2 = Before 2002, the [[Italian lira|Italian Lira]]. The euro is accepted in [[Campione d'Italia]] (but the official currency is the [[Swiss Franc]]).<ref>[http://www.comune.campione-d-italia.co.it/ Comune di Campione d'Italia]</ref>
|footnote3 = The [[.eu]] domain is also used, as it is shared with other [[European Union]] member states.
}}

'''Italy''' {{Audio-IPA|en-us-Italy.ogg|/ˈɪtəli/}} ({{lang-it|Italia}}), officially the '''Italian Republic''' ({{lang-it|Repubblica Italiana}})(formed in 1947), is a country located on the [[Italian Peninsula]] in [[Southern Europe]] and on the two largest islands in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy shares its northern, [[Alps|Alpine]] [[border|boundary]] with [[France]], [[Switzerland]], [[Austria]] and [[Slovenia]]. The independent states of [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]] are [[enclave]]s within the Italian Peninsula, and [[Campione d'Italia]] is an Italian [[exclave]] in Switzerland.

The land known as Italy today has been the cradle of many European cultures and peoples, such as the [[Etruscans]] and the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], and later was the birthplace of the [[University]], the [[Renaissance]] that began in [[Tuscany]] and spread all over Europe, [[Vitruvian Man]], [[modern science]] and [[astronomy]], [[heliocentrism]] and [[Opera]]. Italy's capital, [[Rome]], was for centuries the center of [[Western world|Western civilization]]. [[Italian Colonial Empire|Italy possessed a colonial empire]] from the second half of the nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.

Today, Italy is a democratic republic and a [[developed country]] with the eighth-highest [[Quality-of-Life Index|quality of life index rating]] in the world<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf|title=The Economist Intelligence Unit’s quality-of-life index|author=The Economist|date=2005}}</ref>. It is a founding member of what is now the [[European Union]], having signed the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957, and it is a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ([[NATO]]). It is a member of the [[G8]], having the world's [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|seventh-largest nominal GDP]], and is also a member state of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD), the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO), the [[Council of Europe]], the [[Western European Union]], and the [[Central European Initiative]]. Italy is a [[Schengen Agreement|Schengen]] state. It has the world's [[List of countries by military expenditures|seventh-largest defence budget]] and shares [[Nuclear sharing|NATO's nuclear weapons]]. On 1 January 2007, Italy began a two-year term as a [[List of elected members of the United Nations Security Council|non-permanent member]] of the [[United Nations Security Council]].

==Etymology==
The origin of the term ''Italia'', from {{lang-lat|Italia}}<ref>[[Oxford Latin Dictionary|OLD]], p. 974: "first syll. naturally short (cf. [[Quintilian|Quint.]]''Inst.''1.5.18), and so scanned in [[Gaius Lucilius|Lucil.]]825, but in dactylic verse lengthened ''metri gratia''."</ref>, is uncertain. According to one of the more common explanations, the term was borrowed through [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] from the [[Oscan language|Oscan]] ''Víteliú'', meaning "land of young cattle" (''cf.'' [[Latin|Lat]] ''vitulus'' "calf", [[Umbrian language|Umb]] ''vitlo'' "calf").<ref>J.P. Mallory and D.Q. Adams, ''Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture'' (London: Fitzroy and Dearborn, 1997), 24.</ref> The bull was a symbol of the southern Italian tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the [[Samnite Wars]].

The name ''Italia'' originally applied only to a part of what is now [[Southern Italy]]—according to [[Antiochus of Syracuse]], the southern portion of the [[Bruttium]] peninsula (modern [[Calabria]]). But by his time [[Oenotria]] and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of [[Lucania]] as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name "Italia" to a larger region, but it was not until the time of the Roman conquests that the term was expanded to cover the entire peninsula.<ref>Guillotining, M., History of Earliest Italy, trans. Ryle, M & Soper, K. in Jerome Lectures, Seventeenth Series, p.50</ref>

==History==
{{main|History of Italy}}

===Prehistory to Roman Empire===
[[Image:Colosseum in Rome-April 2007-1- copie 2B.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Colosseum]] in Rome, perhaps the most enduring symbol of Italy.]]

Excavations throughout Italy reveal a modern human presence dating back to the [[Palaeolithic]] period, some 200,000 years ago.<ref>Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2001, ch. 2. ISBN 0306464632.</ref> In the 8th and 7th centuries BC [[Greek colonies]] were established all along the coast of [[Sicily]] and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula. Subsequently, Romans referred to this area as ''[[Magna Graecia]]'', as it was so densely inhabited by [[Greeks]].<ref>Luca Cerchiai, Lorena Jannelli, Fausto Longo, Lorena Janelli, 2004. ''The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily'' (Getty Trust) ISBN 0-89236-751-2</ref><ref>T. J. Dunbabin, 1948. ''The Western Greeks''</ref><ref>A. G. Woodhead, 1962. ''The Greeks in the West''</ref>
Ancient [[Rome]] was at first a small agricultural community founded circa the 8th century BC that grew over the course of the centuries into a colossal [[Roman empire|empire]] encompassing the whole [[Mediterranean Sea]], in which [[Ancient Greek]] and Roman cultures merged into one civilization. This civilization was so influential that parts of it survive in modern [[law]], [[Central Administration|administration]], [[philosophy]] and [[arts]], forming the ground that [[Western world|Western civilization]] is based upon. In its twelve-century existence, it transformed itself from [[monarchy]] to [[Roman Republic|republic]] and finally to [[autocracy]]. In steady decline since the 2nd century AD, the empire finally broke into two parts in 285 AD: the [[Western Roman Empire]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]] in the East. The western part under the pressure of [[Goths]] finally dissolved, leaving the Italian peninsula divided into small independent kingdoms and feuding [[city state]]s for the next 14 centuries, and leaving the [[Byzantine Empire|eastern part]] sole heir to the Roman legacy.

===Middle Ages===
[[Image:Iron Crown.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Iron Crown of Lombardy|Iron Crown]] with which [[Lombards|Lombard]] rulers were crowned.]]

Following a short recapture of the Italian peninsula by [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Justinian]] in the 6th century AD from the [[Ostrogoths]], a new wave of [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]], the [[Lombards]], soon arrived in Italy from the north. For several centuries the armies of [[Byzantine Empire|the Byzantines]] were strong enough to prevent [[Arabs]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]], or the [[Papacy]] from establishing a unified Italian Kingdom, but were at the same time too weak to fully unify the former Roman lands themselves. Nevertheless, during early Middle Ages Imperial dynasties such as the [[Carolingian]]s, the [[Ottonian]]s and the [[Hohenstaufen]]s managed to impose their overlordship in Italy.

Italy's regions were eventually subsumed by their neighbouring empires with their conflicting interests and would remain divided up to the 19th century. It was during this vacuum of authority that the region saw the rise of the [[Signoria]] and the [[medieval commune|Comune]]. In the anarchic conditions that often prevailed in medieval Italian city-states, people looked to strong men to restore order and disarm the feuding elites. In times of anarchy or crisis, cities sometimes offered the Signoria to individuals perceived as strong enough to save the state, most notably the [[Della Scala]] family in [[Verona]], the [[Visconti]] in [[Milan]] and the [[Medici]] in [[Florence]].

Italy during this period became notable for its merchant [[Republics]]. These city-states, [[oligarchy|oligarchical]] in reality, had a dominant merchant class which under relative [[freedom (political)|freedom]] nurtured academic and artistic advancement. The four classic [[Repubbliche Marinare|Maritime Republics]] in Italy were [[Venice]], [[Genoa]], [[Pisa]] and [[Amalfi]].

[[Image:Italy 1494 v2.png|thumb|right|During the [[late Middle Ages]], the present-day region of Italy was a collection of smaller independent city states and kingdoms and their dependencies.]]

Venice and Genoa were Europe's gateways to trade with the East, with the former producer of the renowned [[venetian glass]]. Florence was the capital of [[silk]], [[wool]], banks and [[jewelry]]. The Maritime Republics were heavily involved in the [[Crusades]], taking advantage of the new political and trading opportunities, most evidently in the conquest of [[Zadar|Zara]] and [[Constantinople]] funded by Venice.

During the late [[Middle Ages]] Italy was divided into smaller [[Italian city-states|city-states]] and territories: the [[kingdom of Naples]] controlled the south, the [[Republic of Florence]] and the [[Papal States]] the centre, the [[Genoa|Genoese]] and the [[Milan]]ese the north and west, and the [[Venice|Venetians]] the east. Fifteenth-century Italy was one of the most urbanised areas in Europe and the birthplace of [[Renaissance]]. [[Florence]] in particular, with the writings of [[Dante Alighieri]] (1265–1321), [[Francesco Petrarch]] (1304–1374) and [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] (c. 1313–1375), as well as the painting of [[Giotto di Bondone]] (1267–1337), is considered the centre of this cultural movement. Scholars like [[Niccolò de' Niccoli]] and [[Poggio Bracciolini]] scoured the libraries in search of works of classical authors, such as [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Euclid]], [[Ptolemy]], [[Cicero]] and [[Vitruvius]].

The [[Black Death]] [[pandemic]] in 1348 left its mark on Italy by killing one third of the population.<ref>Stéphane Barry and Norbert Gualde, "The Biggest Epidemics of History" (La plus grande épidémie de l'histoire, in L'Histoire n°310, June 2006, pp.45–46 </ref> The recovery from the disaster led to a resurgence of cities, trade and economy which greatly stimulated the successive phases of [[Humanism]] and the [[Renaissance]]. In 1494 the French king [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]] opened the first of a series of invasions, lasting up to sixteenth century, in a competition between France and Spain for the possession of the country. Ultimately Spain prevailed through the [[Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis]] which recognised Spanish dominance over the [[Duchy of Milan]] and the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. The holy alliance between [[Habsburg Spain]] and the Holy See resulted in the systematic persecution of any Protestant movement. [[Austria]] succeeded Spain as hegemon in Italy under the [[Peace of Utrecht]]. Through Austrian domination, the northern part of Italy gained economic dynamism and intellectual fervor. The [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleonic Wars]] (1796–1815) introduced the ideas of [[Egalitarianism|equality]], [[democracy]], [[law]] and [[nation]]. Italy’s population between 1700 and 1800 rose by about one-third, to 18 million.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italy/27711/Reform-and-Enlightenment-in-the-18th-century Italy - Reform and Enlightenment in the 18th century]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' </ref>

===Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)===
{{main2|Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)}}
[[Image:Partenza da Quarto.jpg|thumb|right|[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] leading the [[Expedition of the Thousand]].]]

The creation of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] was the result of efforts by Italian nationalists and monarchists loyal to the [[House of Savoy]] to establish a united kingdom encompassing the entire [[Italian Peninsula]]. In the context of the [[Revolutions of 1848|1848 liberal revolutions]] that swept through Europe, an unsuccessful [[First Italian War of Independence|war was declared]] on [[Austria-Hungary|Austria]].
[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], popular amongst southern Italians, led the Italian republican drive for unification in southern Italy,<ref>(Smith, Dennis Mack (1997). ''Modern Italy; A Political History''. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472108956, p. 15.</ref> while the northern Italian monarchy of the [[Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia]] whose government was led by [[Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour]], had the ambition of establishing a united Italian state under its rule. The kingdom successfully challenged the [[Austrian Empire]] in the [[Second Italian War of Independence]] with the help of [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]], liberating the [[Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia|Lombardy-Venetia]].
In 1866, [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Victor Emmanuel II]] aligned the kingdom with [[Prussia]] during the [[Austro-Prussian War]], waging the [[Third Italian War of Independence]] which allowed Italy to annex Venice. In 1870, as France during the disastrous [[Franco-Prussian War]] abandoned its positions in [[Rome]], Italy rushed to fill the power gap by taking over the [[Papal State]] from French sovereignty. Italian unification finally was achieved, and shortly afterwards Italy's capital was moved to Rome.

As [[Northern Italy]] was [[industrialized]] and [[modernized]], the [[Mezzogiorno|south]] became overcrowded, forcing millions of people to emigrate for a better life abroad. The Sardinian [[Statuto Albertino]] of 1848, extended to the whole [[Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] in 1861, provided for basic freedoms, but the electoral laws excluded the non-propertied and uneducated classes from voting. In 1913, male universal suffrage was adopted. The [[Socialist]] Party became the main political party, outclassing the traditional liberal and conservative organisations. Starting from the last two decades of the nineteenth century, Italy developed into a colonial power by forcing [[Somalia]], [[Eritrea]] and later [[Libya]] and the [[Dodecanese]] under its rule.<ref>(Bosworth (2005), pp. 49.)</ref> During [[World War I]], Italy at first stayed neutral but in 1915 signed the [[Treaty of London (1915)|Treaty of London]], entering [[Triple Entente|Entente]] on the promise of receiving [[Trento]], [[Trieste]], [[Istria]], [[Dalmatia]] and parts of [[Ottoman Empire]]. During the war, 600,000 Italians died, and the economy collapsed. Under the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Peace Treaty of Saint-Germain]], Italy obtained just [[Province of Bolzano-Bozen|Bolzano-Bozen]], [[Province of Trento|Trento]], [[Province of Trieste|Trieste]] and Istria in a victory described as "mutilated" by the public.

[[Image:Mussd.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mussolini]] at the [[March on Rome]].]]

The turbulence that followed the devastations of World War I, inspired by the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]], led to turmoil and anarchy. The liberal establishment, fearing a [[socialism|socialist]] revolution, started to endorse the small [[National Fascist Party]], led by [[Benito Mussolini]]. In October 1922 the fascists attempted a [[coup d'état|coup]] (the ''Marcia su Roma'', "[[March on Rome]]"), but the king ordered the army not to intervene, instead forming an alliance with Mussolini. Over the next few years, Mussolini banned all political parties and curtailed personal liberties, thus forming a dictatorship. In 1935, Mussolini subjugated [[Ethiopia]] after a surprisingly lengthy campaign. This resulted in international alienation and the exodus of the country from the [[League of Nations]]. A first pact with [[Nazi Germany]] was concluded in 1936, and a second in [[Pact of Steel|1938]]. Italy strongly supported Franco in the [[Spanish civil war]]. The country was opposed to [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler's]] [[anschluss|annexations of Austria]], but did not interfere with it. Italy supported Germany's annexation of [[Sudetenland]], however {{Fact|date=April 2009}}.

On 7 April 1939 Italy occupied [[Albania]], a ''de facto'' protectorate for decades, and entered [[World War II]] in 1940, taking part in the late stages of the [[Battle of France]]. Mussolini, wanting a quick victory like Hitler's [[blitzkrieg]]s in Poland and France, invaded [[Greece]] in October 1940 via Albania but was forced to accept a humiliating defeat after a few months. At the same time, Italy, after initially conquering [[British Somalia]], saw an allied counter-attack lead to the loss of all possessions in the [[Horn of Africa]]. Italy was also defeated by [[United Kingdom|British]] forces in North Africa and was only saved by the urgently dispatched [[German Africa Corps]] led by [[Erwin Rommel]]. Italy was invaded by the Allies in June 1943, leading to the collapse of the fascist regime and the arrest of Mussolini. In September 1943, Italy [[Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces|surrendered]]. The country remained a [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|battlefield]] for the rest of the war, as the allies were moving up from the south and the north was the base for loyalist Italian fascist and German Nazi forces. The whole picture bacame more complex by the activity of the Italian partisans; see [[Italian resistance movement]]. The Nazis left the country on 25 April 1945. This led to the eventual disbanding of Italian fascist forces.

===The Italian Republic (1946-)===
{{main|History of the Italian Republic}}
[[Image:Partisans in Milan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Italian resistance movement|Partisans]] parading in [[Milan]] after the liberation of the city.]]

In 1946, [[Vittorio Emanuele III]]'s son, [[Umberto II]], was forced to abdicate. [[Birth of the Italian Republic|Italy became a republic]] after a [[Referendum in Italy|referendum]] held on 2 June 1946, a day celebrated since as [[Republic Day]]. This was the first election in Italy allowing women to vote.<ref>{{it icon}} [http://www.insmli.it/pubblicazioni/35/Voto%20donne%20versione%20def.pdf Italia 1946: le donne al voto, dossier a cura di Mariachiara Fugazza e Silvia Cassamagnaghi]</ref> The Republican Constitution was approved and came into force on 1 January 1948. Under the [[Paris Peace Treaties]] of 1947, the eastern border area was lost to [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], and, later, the free territory of Trieste was divided between the two states. Fears in the Italian electorate of a possible Communist takeover proved crucial for the first universal suffrage electoral outcome on the 18th of April 1948 when the [[Christian Democrats|Democrazia Cristiana]], under the undisputed leadership of [[Alcide De Gasperi]], won a resounding victory with 48 percent of the vote.
In the 50s Italy became a member of the [[NATO]] alliance and an ally of the United States, which helped to revive the Italian economy through the [[Marshall Plan]]: until the 60s the country saw a period of prolonged economic growth termed the "Economic Miracle". In 1957, Italy was a signatory to the [[Treaties of Rome]] founding the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), which became the European Union ([[EU]]) in 1993.

From the late 1960s till late 1980s the country experienced a hard economic crisis and the [[Years of Lead (Italy)|Years of Lead]], a period characterised by widespread social conflicts and terrorist acts carried out by extra-parliamentary movements. The Years of Lead culminated in the assassination of the [[Christian Democracy (Italy, historical)|Christian Democracy]] (DC) leader [[Aldo Moro]] in 1978, bringing to an end the "[[Historic Compromise]]" between the DC and the [[Italian Communist Party|Communist Party]]. In the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by non-Christian-Democrat premiers: a republican ([[Giovanni Spadolini]]) and a socialist ([[Bettino Craxi]]); the DC remained, however, the main force supporting the government. The [[Italian Socialist Party|Socialist Party]] (PSI), led by [[Bettino Craxi]], became more and more critical of the Communists and of the [[Soviet Union]]; Craxi himself pushed in favour of US president [[Ronald Reagan]]'s positioning of [[MGM-31 Pershing|Pershing]] missiles in Italy, a move the Communists hotly contested.

[[Image:Rometreaty.jpg|thumb|The 1957 [[Treaties of Rome]] signing ceremony.]]

From 1992 to 2009, Italy faced significant challenges, as voters, disenchanted with past political paralysis, massive government debt, extensive corruption, and organized crime's considerable influence (collectively called [[Tangentopoli]] after being uncovered by [[Mani pulite]] - "Clean hands") demanded political, economic, and ethical reforms. The scandals involved all major parties, but especially those in the government coalition: between 1992 and 1994 the [[Christian Democracy (Italy, historical)|DC]] underwent a severe crisis and was dissolved, splitting up into several pieces, while the [[Italian Socialist Party|PSI]] and the other governing minor parties completely dissolved. The 1994 elections put media magnate [[Silvio Berlusconi]] into the Prime Minister's seat. However, he was forced to step down in December when the ''[[Lega Nord]]'' Party withdrew its support. In April 1996, national elections led to the victory of a centre-left coalition under the leadership of [[Romano Prodi]]. Prodi's first government became the third-longest to stay in power before he narrowly lost a vote of confidence, by three votes, in October 1998. A new government was formed by [[Massimo D'Alema]], but in April 2000 he resigned. In 2001, [[Italian general election, 2001|national elections]] led to the victory of a centre-right coalition under the leadership of [[Silvio Berlusconi]], the centre-right formed a government, and [[Silvio Berlusconi]] was able to remain in power for a complete five-year mandate, but with two different governments. The first one (2001–2005) became the longest-lived government in post-war Italy. Italy participated in the [[multinational coalition in Iraq|US-led military coalition in Iraq]]. The [[Italian general election, 2006|elections in 2006]] were won by the centre-left, allowing Prodi to form his second government, but in early 2008 he resigned because of the collapse of his coalition. In the ensuing [[Italian general election, 2008|new early elections]] in April 2008, Silvio Berlusconi convincingly won to form a government for a third time.

==Geography==
{{main|Geography of Italy}}

===Topography===
[[Image:Satellite image of Italy in March 2003.jpg|thumb|right|[[Satellite]] image of Italy.]]

Italy is located in [[Southern Europe]] and comprises the long, boot-shaped [[Italian Peninsula]], the land between the peninsula and the [[Alps]], and a number of islands including [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Its total area is 301,230 km², of which 294,020 km² is land and 7,210 km² is water.
Including islands, Italy has a coastline and border of 7,600 km on the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]], [[Ionian Sea|Ionian]], [[Tyrrhenian Sea|Tyrrhenian]] seas (740 km), and borders shared with [[France]] (488 km), [[Austria]] (430 km), [[Slovenia]] (232 km) and [[Switzerland]]; [[San Marino]] (39 km) and the [[Vatican City]] (3.2 km), both entirely surrounded by Italy, account for the remainder.
The [[Apennine Mountains]] form the peninsula's backbone; the [[Alps]] form its northern boundary. The largest of its northern lakes is [[Lake Garda|Garda]] (143 sq mi; 370 km²); in the centre is [[Trasimeno Lake]]. The [[Po river|Po]], Italy's principal river, flows from the Alps on the western border and crosses the great [[Padan plain]] to the Adriatic Sea. Several islands form part of Italy; the largest are [[Sicily]] (9,926 sq mi; 25,708 km²) and [[Sardinia]] (9,301 sq mi; 24,090 km²).
There are several active [[volcano]]es in Italy: [[Etna]], the largest active volcano in Europe; [[Vulcano]]; [[Stromboli]]; and [[Vesuvius]], the only active volcano on the [[mainland Europe|mainland of Europe]].

===Climate===
{{main|Climate of Italy}}
The climate in Italy is highly diverse and can be far from the stereotypical [[Mediterranean climate]] depending on the location. Most of the inland northern areas of Italy, for example [[Turin]], [[Milan]] and [[Bologna]], have a [[continental climate]] often classified as [[Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] Cfa). The coastal areas of [[Liguria]] and most of the peninsula south of [[Florence]] generally fit the Mediterranean stereotype ([[Köppen climate classification]] Csa). The coastal areas of the peninsula can be very different from the interior higher altitudes and valleys, particularly during the winter months when the higher altitudes tend to be cold, wet, and often snowy. The coastal regions have mild winters and warm and generally dry summers, although lowland valleys can be quite hot in summer.

==Government and politics==
{{main|Politics of Italy}}{{see also|List of Prime Ministers of Italy}}
[[Image:Presidente Napolitano.jpg|thumb|upright|President of the Republic [[Giorgio Napolitano]].]]

The politics of Italy take place in a framework of a [[Parliamentary republic|parliamentary]], [[representative democracy|democratic]] [[republic]], and of a [[multi-party system]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised collectively by the Council of Ministers, which is led by a [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President]], informally referred to as "premier" or ''primo ministro'' (that is, "prime minister"). [[Legislative power]] is vested in the two houses of [[Parliament of Italy|Parliament]] primarily, and secondarily in the Council of Ministers. The [[judiciary]] is independent of the executive and the legislative. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946, when the [[monarchy]] was abolished by popular [[referendum]] (see "[[birth of the Italian Republic]]"). The [[Constitution of Italy|constitution]] was promulgated on 1 January 1948.

The [[President of the Italian Republic]] (''Presidente della Repubblica'') is elected for seven years by the parliament sitting jointly with a small number of regional delegates. As the [[head of state]], the President of the Republic represents the unity of the nation and has many of the duties previously given to the [[King of Italy]]. The president serves as a point of connection between the three branches of power: he is elected by the lawmakers, he appoints the executive, he is the president of the judiciary and he is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
The president nominates the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]], who proposes the other ministers (formally named by the president). The Council of Ministers must obtain a confidence vote from both houses of Parliament. Legislative bills may originate in either house and must be passed by a majority in both.
[[Image:Obelisk of montecitorio arp.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]].]]

Italy elects a [[Parliament of Italy|parliament]] consisting of [[bicameralism|two houses]], the [[Chamber of Deputies of Italy|Chamber of Deputies]] (''Camera dei Deputati''), which has 630 members and the [[Italian Senate|Senate of the Republic]] (''Senato della Repubblica''), comprising 315 elected members and a small number of [[senators for life]]). [[Legislation]] may originate in either house and must be passed in identical form by a majority in each. The houses of [[parliament]] are popularly and directly elected through a complex electoral system (latest amendment in 2005) which combines proportional representation with a majority prize for the largest coalition. All [[Italian Citizenship|Italian citizens]] 18 years of age and older can vote. However, to vote for the Senate, the voter must be 25 or older. The electoral system for the [[Senate of Italy|Senate]] is based upon [[Regions of Italy|regional]] representation. As of 15 May 2006 there are seven [[senator for life|life senators]] (of which three are former Presidents). Both houses are elected for a maximum of five years, but both may be dissolved by the President before the expiration of their normal term if the Parliament is unable to elect a stable government. In post-war history, this has happened in 1972, 1976, 1979, 1983, 1994, 1996 and 2008.

A peculiarity of the [[Italian Parliament]] is the representation given to [[Italian nationality law|Italian citizens]] permanently living abroad (about 2.7 million people). Among the 630 Deputies and the 315 Senators there are respectively 12 and 6 elected in four distinct [[Parliament of Italy#Overseas constituency|overseas constituencies]]. Those members of Parliament were elected for the first time in April 2006, and they have the same rights as members elected in Italy.

The Italian judicial system is based on [[Roman law]] modified by the [[Napoleonic code]] and later statutes. The [[Corte di Cassazione|Supreme Court of Cassation]] is the court of last resort for most disputes. The [[Constitutional Court of Italy]] (''Corte Costituzionale'') rules on the conformity of laws with the [[Constitution of Italy|Constitution]] and is a post-World War II innovation.

==Foreign relations==
{{main|Foreign relations of Italy}}{{see also|Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs}}
[[Image:Dmitry Medvedev at the 34th G8 Summit 7-9 July 2008-65.jpg|thumb|right|[[Silvio Berlusconi]] and [[Dimitry Medvedev]] at the [[34th G8 Summit]].]]

Italy was a founding member of the European Community—now the [[European Union]] (EU). Italy was admitted to the [[United Nations]] in 1955 and is a member and strong supporter of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO), the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD), the [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]]/[[World Trade Organization]] (GATT/WTO), the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE), and the [[Council of Europe]]. Its recent turns in the rotating Presidency of international organisations include the [[Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (CSCE), the forerunner of the OSCE, in 1994; [[G8]]; and the EU in 2001 and from July to December 2003.

Italy supports the United Nations and its international security activities. Italy deployed troops in support of UN peacekeeping missions in [[Somalia]], [[Mozambique]], and East Timor and provides support for NATO and UN operations in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]], [[Kosovo]] and [[Albania]]. Italy deployed over 2,000 troops to [[Afghanistan]] in support of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] (OEF) in February 2003. Italy still supports international efforts to reconstruct and stabilize [[Iraq]], but it has withdrawn its [[Multinational force in Iraq#Troop deployment in Iraq 2003-present|military contingent]] of some 3,200 troops as of November 2006, maintaining only humanitarian workers and other civilian personnel.
In August 2006 Italy sent about 2,450 soldiers to [[Lebanon]] for the [[United Nations]]' [[peacekeeping|peacekeeping mission]] [[UNIFIL]].<ref name="NewsMax">"[http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2006/08_Agosto/29/libano.shtml Italian soldiers leave for Lebanon] Corriere della Sera, 30 August 2006</ref> Furthermore, since 2 February 2007 an Italian, [[Claudio Graziano]], is the commander of the UN force in the country.

==Military==
{{main|Military of Italy}}

{{cquote|''Italy rejects war as an instrument of aggression against the freedoms of others peoples and as a means for settling international controversies; it agrees, on conditions of equality with other states, to the limitations of sovereignty necessary for an order that ensures peace and justice among Nations; it promotes and encourages international organizations having such ends in view''.|20px|20px|Article 11 of [[Italian Constitution]]}}

[[Image:Dardo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Dardo IFV|Dardo]] [[IFV]] on exercise.]]
[[Image:Cavour (550).jpg|thumb|right|The new aircraft carrier [[Cavour (550)|''Cavour'']].]]
[[Image:Eurofighter Typhoon 02.jpg|thumb|right|Italian [[Eurofighter Typhoon]].]]

The Italian [[armed forces]] are under the command of the Supreme Defence Council, presided over by the [[President of the Italian Republic]]. In 2008 the military had 186,798 personnel on active duty, along with 114,778 in the national gendarmerie.<ref>{{it icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.difesa.it/NR/rdonlyres/5EF11493-59DD-4FB7-8485-F4258D9F5891/0/Nota_Aggiuntiva_2009.pdf |title=Nota aggiuntiva allo stato di previsione per la Difesa per l'anno 2009|author=[[Ministry of Defence (Italy)|Italain Ministry of Defence]]|accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> Italy [[Nuclear sharing|shares nuclear weapons with NATO]], in the form of [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|US nuclear weapons]] leased to the country. Total military spending in 2007 was $33.1 billion, equal to 1.8% of national GDP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sipri.org/contents/milap/milex/mex_major_spenders.pdf|work=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Website|title=The fifteen major spenders in 2006|accessdate=2008-12-29}}</ref>

The Italian [[armed forces]] are divided into four branches:

===Army===
The [[Italian Army]] (''Esercito Italiano'') is the ground defence force of the Italian Republic. It has recently become a professional all-volunteer force of [[active duty|active-duty]] personnel, numbering 109,703 in 2008. Its best-known combat vehicles are the [[Dardo IFV|Dardo]] [[infantry fighting vehicle]], the [[Centauro]] [[tank destroyer]] and the [[Ariete]] [[tank]], and among its aircraft the [[Agusta A129 Mangusta|Mangusta]] [[attack helicopter]], recently deployed in UN missions. The ''Esercito Italiano'' also has at its disposal a large number of [[Leopard 1]] and [[M113]] armored vehicles.

===Navy===
The [[Marina Militare|Italian Navy]] (''Marina Militare'') in 2008 had a strength of 43,882 and ships of every type, such as [[aircraft carrier]]s, [[destroyer]]s, modern [[frigate]]s, submarines, amphibious ships, and other smaller ships such as oceanographic research ships<ref> {{it icon}} [http://www.marina.difesa.it/ Italian Navy]</ref> The ''Marina Militare'' is now equipping itself with a bigger [[aircraft carrier]], (the ''[[Cavour (550)|Cavour]]''), new [[destroyer]]s, submarines and multipurpose [[frigate]]s. In modern times the Italian Navy, being a member of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO), has taken part in many coalition peacekeeping operations around the world.

===Air Force===
The [[Aeronautica Militare|Italian Air Force]] in 2008 has a strength of 43,882 and operates 585 aircraft, including 219 combat jets and 114 helicopters. As a stopgap and as replacement for leased [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado]] ADV interceptors, the AMI has leased 30 [[F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]A Block 15 ADF and four F-16B Block 10 Fighting Falcons, with an option for more. The coming years also will see the introduction of 121 [[Eurofighter Typhoon|EF2000 Eurofighter Typhoons]], replacing the leased F-16 Fighting Falcons. Further updates are foreseen in the Tornado IDS/IDT and [[AMX International AMX|AMX]] fleets. A transport capability is guaranteed by a fleet of 22 [[C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J]]s and [[Aeritalia G.222]]s of which 12 are being replaced with the newly developed G.222 variant called the [[C-27J Spartan]].

===Gendarmerie===
The [[Carabinieri]] are the [[gendarmerie]] and [[military police]] of Italy, providing the republic with a national [[Police|police service]]. At the [[30th G8 summit|Sea Islands Conference]] of the [[G8]] in 2004, the Carabinieri was given the mandate to establish a Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units (CoESPU) to spearhead the development of training and doctrinal standards for civilian police units attached to international peacekeeping missions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_briefings/2006/coespu.pdf|title=Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units |author=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |accessdate=2008-12-29}}</ref>

==Administrative divisions==
{{main|Regions of Italy|Provinces of Italy|Municipalities of Italy}}

Italy is subdivided into 20 regions (''regioni'', singular ''regione''). Five of these regions have a [[Autonomous regions with special statute|special autonomous status]] that enables them to enact legislation on some of their local matters; these are marked by an asterisk (*) in the table below. The country is further divided into 109 provinces (''province'') and 8,101 municipalities (''comuni'').

{{Italy Labelled Map|float=left}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
!width="120px"| [[Regions of Italy|Region]]
!width="80px"| [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
!width="90px"| [[Area]] (km²)
!width="80px"| [[Population]]
|-
| [[Abruzzo]]
| [[L'Aquila]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|10794}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1324000}}
|-
| [[Aosta Valley]]*
| [[Aosta]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|3263}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|126000}}
|-
| [[Apulia]]
| [[Bari]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|19362}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|4076000}}
|-
| [[Basilicata]]
| [[Potenza]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|9992}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|591000}}
|-
| [[Calabria]]
| [[Catanzaro]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|15080}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|2007000}}
|-
| [[Campania]]
| [[Naples]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|13595}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|5811000}}
|-
| [[Emilia-Romagna]]
| [[Bologna]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|22124}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|4276000}}
|-
| [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]*
| [[Trieste]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|7855}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1222000}}
|-
| [[Lazio]]
| [[Rome]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|17207}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|5561000}}
|-
| [[Liguria]]
| [[Genoa]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|5421}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1610000}}
|-
| [[Lombardy]]
| [[Milan]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|23861}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|9642000}}
|-
| [[Marche]]
| [[Ancona]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|9694}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1553000}}
|-
| [[Molise]]
| [[Campobasso]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|4438}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|320000}}
|-
| [[Piedmont]]
| [[Turin]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|25399}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|4401000}}
|-
| [[Sardinia]]*
| [[Cagliari]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|24090}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1666000}}
|-
| [[Sicily]]*
| [[Palermo]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|25708}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|5030000}}
|-
| [[Tuscany]]
| [[Florence]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|22997}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|3677000}}
|-
| [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]*
| [[Trento]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|13607}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1007000}}
|-
| [[Umbria]]
| [[Perugia]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|8456}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|884000}}
|-
| [[Veneto]]
| [[Venice]]
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|18391}}
| style="text-align:right"|{{nts|4832000}}
|}

==Demographics==
{{main|Demography of Italy}}

===Population===
At the end of 2008, the Italian population surpassed 60 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-QA-08-049/EN/KS-QA-08-049-EN.PDF|title=First demographic estimates for 2008|author=[[Eurostat]]|date=2008-12-10|accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref> Italy currently has the fourth-largest population in the [[European Union]] and the 23rd-largest population worldwide. Italy's population density, at 199.2 persons per square kilometre, is the fifth highest in the European Union. The highest density is in [[Northern Italy]], as that one-third of the country contains almost half of the total population.
After [[World War II]], Italy enjoyed a prolonged economic boom which caused a major rural exodus to the cities, and at the same time transormed the nation from a massive emigration country to a net immigrant-receiving country. High fertility persisted until the 1970s, when it plunged below the replacement rates, so that as of 2008, one in five Italians was over 65 years old.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-072/EN/KS-SF-08-072-EN.PDF|title=Ageing characterises the demographic perspectives of the European societies - Issue number 72/2008|author=[[EUROSTAT]]|accessdate=2009-04-28}}</ref> Despite this, thanks mainly to the massive immigration of the last two decades, in the 2000s Italy saw a crude birth rates growth (especially in the northern regions) for the first time in many years.<ref>{{it icon}} {{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/altridati/indicatori/2008/Tab_1.pdf|title=Crude birth rates, mortality rates and marriage rates 2005-2008|author=[[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]]|accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref> The [[total fertility rate]] also significantly grew in the past few years, thanks both to rising births in foreign born and Italian women, as it climbed to 1.41 children per woman in 2008 compared to 2005 when it sat at 1.32.<ref>{{it icon}} {{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/altridati/indicatori/2008/Tab_4.pdf |title=Average number of children born per woman 2005-2008|author=[[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]]|accessdate=2009-05-03}}</ref>

===Cities and metropolitan areas===
{| class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:97%; margin-right:10px; font-size:90%;"
|-
! rowspan=11 |
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[List of cities in Italy by population|Rank]]
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[Comune|City]]
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[Location (geography)|Location]]
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[List of cities in Italy by population|Pop.]]
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[List of cities in Italy by population|Rank]]
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[Comune|City]]
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[Location (geography)|Location]]
! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | [[List of cities in Italy by population|Pop.]]
! rowspan=11 |
{{Tnavbar|United Kingdom cities|plain=1}}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 1 ||align=left | '''[[Rome]]''' || [[Lazio]] || 2,722,907|| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 11 ||align=left | '''[[Venice]]''' || [[Veneto]] || 270,055
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 2 ||align=left | '''[[Milan]]''' || [[Lombardy]] || 1,294,797 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 12 ||align=left | '''[[Verona]]''' || [[Veneto]] || 265,795
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 3 ||align=left | '''[[Naples]]''' || [[Campania]] || 963,522 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 13 || align=left | '''[[Messina]]''' || [[Sicily]] || 243,315
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 4 ||align=left | '''[[Turin]]''' || [[Piedmont]] || 909,193 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 14 ||align=left | '''[[Padua]]''' || [[Veneto]] || 211,632
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 5 ||align=left | '''[[Palermo]]''' || [[Sicily]] || 659,623 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 15 ||align=left | '''[[Trieste]]''' || [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] || 205,466
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 6 ||align=left | '''[[Genoa]]''' || [[Liguria]] || 611,556|| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 16 ||align=left | '''[[Taranto]]''' || [[Apulia]] || 194,042
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 7 ||align=left | '''[[Bologna]]''' || [[Emilia-Romagna]] || 374,561 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 17 ||align=left | '''[[Brescia]]''' || [[Lombardy]] || 190,809
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 8 ||align=left | '''[[Florence]]''' || [[Tuscany]] || 365,744 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 19 ||align=left | '''[[Reggio Calabria]]''' || [[Calabria]] || 185,602
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 9 ||align=left | '''[[Bari]]''' || [[Apulia]] || 320,676 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 18 ||align=left | '''[[Prato]]''' || [[Tuscany]] || 185,193
|-
| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 10 ||align=left | '''[[Catania]]''' || [[Sicily]] || 296,816 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 20 ||align=left | '''[[Modena]]''' || [[Emilia-Romagna]] || 181,704
|-
| colspan="11" align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | 2008 [[ISTAT]] estimates
|}<noinclude>

According to the [[OECD]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF|title=Competitive Cities in the Global Economy|format=PDF|author=[[OECD]]|accessdate=2009-04-30}}</ref> the largest metropolitan areas are:
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!Metropolitan area!!Population
|-
| [[Milan metropolitan area|Milan]] ||7.4 million
|-
| [[Rome]] ||3.7 million
|-
| [[Naples]] ||3.1 million
|-
| [[Turin]] ||2.2 million
|}

===Migration and ethnic groups===
The number of foreigners counted in the resident population is continuously increasing: at the
end of 2007 they were 3,432,651 (5.8% of total population). In relative terms the increase has
been of 16.8% in the last year, 122% in the last 6 years<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-08-013/EN/KS-RA-08-013-EN.PDF|title=Demographic Outlook|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|date= |accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref>. Since the expansion of the [[European Union]], the most recent wave of migration has been from surrounding European nations, particularly [[Eastern Europe]], and increasingly [[Asia]], replacing [[North Africa]] as a major source of migrants. Some 625,287 [[Romanians]] are officially registered as living in Italy, replacing Albanians and Moroccans as the largest ethnic minority group,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.0.2563290589 |title=AKI - Adnkronos international Italy: 30,000 illegal migrants entered country this year says Govt |publisher=[[Adnkronos]]|date= |accessdate=2008-11-04}}</ref> but unofficial estimates put the actual number of Romanians at double that figure or perhaps even more<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birn.eu.com/en/111/15/5745/ |title=Balkan Investigative Reporting Network |publisher=Birn.eu.com |date=08 11 2007 |accessdate=2008-11-04}}</ref>. As of 2007, migrants came from [[Eastern Europe]] (52.02%), [[North Africa]] (16.17%), [[Asia]] (16.08%), the [[Americas]] (8.5%) and [[sub-Saharan Africa]] (7.06%)<ref> {{it icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20081009_00/testointegrale20081009.pdf|title=The foreign people resident in Italy|publisher=[[Istat]]|date=2008-10-09|accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:right;"
|-
!width="200px"| Nationality !! Population !! % of total*
|-
| align = "left"| [[Italians|Italian]] || {{commas|56186639}} || 94.2%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[Romanians|Romanian]] || {{commas|625278}} || 1.05%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[North Africa]]n || {{commas|555376}} || 0.93%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[Albanians|Albanian]] || {{commas|401949}} || 0.67%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] || {{commas|156619}} || 0.26%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] || {{commas|132718}} || 0.22%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[Asian people|Asian]] (non-Chinese) || {{commas|395466}} || 0.66%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[South America]]n || {{commas|276101}} || 0.46%</tr>
| align = "left"| [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n || {{commas|242621}} || 0.41%</tr>
| align = "left"| Other || {{commas|648523}} || 1.09%</tr>
|-
|colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* Percentage of total Italy population}}
|}

===Religion===
{{main|Religion in Italy}}{{see|Christianity in Italy|Islam in Italy|Jews in Italy|Buddhism in Italy|List of Italian religious minority politicians}}
{{bar box
|title=Italy religiosity
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=religion
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|90}}
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion]]|gray|7}}
{{bar percent|Islam|green|2}}
{{bar percent|Others|purple|1}}
}}
[[Roman Catholicism]] is by far the largest religion in the country, although the Catholic Church is no longer officially the [[state religion]]. Fully 87.8% of Italians identified themselves as [[Roman Catholic]]<ref>{{it icon}} {{cite news|url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2006/01_Gennaio/17/cattolici.shtml|title=Italy: 88% of Italians declare themselves Catholic|publisher=Corriere della Sera|date=2006-01-18|accessdate = 2009-05-10}}</ref>, although only about one-third of these described themselves as active members (36.8%).
Other [[Christianity|Christian]] groups in Italy include more than 700,000 [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christians]] including 180,000 [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]]<ref>[http://www.ortodossia.it/The%20Holy%20Orthodox%20Archdiocese%20of%20Italy%20ed%20Malta.htm The Holy Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta]</ref>, 550,000 [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostals]] and [[Evangelicalism|Evangelicals]] (0.8%), of whom 400,000 are members of the [[Assemblies of God]], 235,685 [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] (0.4%),<ref> {{it icon}} [http://www.cesnur.org/religioni_italia/t/testimoni_geova_02.htm Center for Studies on New Religions]</ref> 30,000 [[Waldensians]],<ref> {{it icon}} [http://www.chiesavaldese.org/pages/storia/dove_viviamo.php Waldensian Evangelical Church]</ref> 25,000 [[Seventh-day Adventists]], 22,000 [[Mormons]], 15,000 [[Baptists]] (plus some 5,000 Free Baptists), 7,000 [[Lutherans]], 4,000 [[Methodists]] (affiliated with the Waldensian Church).<ref>[http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/europe/italy/evangelical-methodist-church-in-italy.html World Council of Churches]</ref>
The country's oldest religious minority is the [[Judaism|Jewish]] community, comprising roughly 45,000 people. It is no longer the largest non-Christian group.
As a result of immigration from other parts of the world, some 825,000 [[Muslims]]<ref>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/europe/italy UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office]</ref> (1.4% of the total population) live in Italy, though only 50,000 are [[Italian nationality law|Italian citizens]]. In addition, there are 50,000 [[Buddhists]]<ref> {{it icon}} [http://www.buddhismo.it/ente.htm Italian Buddhist Union]</ref><ref> {{it icon}} [http://www.sgi-italia.org/chi/ibisg.html Italian Buddhist Institute "Soka Gakkai"]</ref> 70,000 [[Sikh]]<ref>[http://www.etnomedia.org/14.htm Etnomedia]</ref> and 70,000 [[Hinduism|Hindus]] in Italy.

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Italy}}{{see also|List of Italian companies}}
[[Image:Fiat-new-500-front.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Fiat Nuova 500|Fiat 500]] in Turin. [[Fiat]] is Italy's largest industrial company.]]

According to the [[International Monetary Fund]], in 2008 Italy was the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|seventh-largest]] economy in the world and the fourth-largest in Europe. The country is divided into a developed industrial north dominated by large private companies and an agricultural, state-assisted south. During the last decade the average annual growth was 1.23% in comparison to an average [[EU]] annual growth rate of 2.28%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tsieb020 |title=Real GDP growth rate - Growth rate of GDP volume - percentage change on previous year|author=[[Eurostat]]|accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref>. Italy has often been referred the ''[[sick man of Europe]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=3987219|title=The real sick man of Europe|publisher=The Economist|date=2005-05-19|accessdate = 2009-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/3557277/Italy-The-sick-man-of-Europe.html|title=Italy: The sick man of Europe|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=2008-12-29|accessdate = 2009-05-10}}</ref>, characterised by economic stagnation, political instability and problems in pursuing reform programs.

[[Image:Valentino black dresses.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A [[Valentino Garavani|Valentino]] collection.]]

Firstly, Italy suffers from structural weaknesses due to its geographical conformation and the lack of raw materials and energy resources. The territory is mostly mountainous, so much of the terrain is not suitable for intensive cultivation and communication is made more difficult. The energy sector is higly dependent on imports from abroad: in 2006 the country imported more than 86% of its total energy consumption (99.7% of the solid fuels demand, 92.5% of oil, 91.2% of natural gas and 15% of electricity)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DK-08-001/EN/KS-DK-08-001-EN.PDF|title=Energy, transport and environment indicators|author=[[Eurostat]]|accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-GH-09-001/EN/KS-GH-09-001-EN.PDF|title=Panorama of energy|author=[[Eurostat]]|accessdate = 2009-05-10}}</ref>

Secondly, the Italian economy is weakened by the lack of infrastructure development, market reforms and research investment. In the [[Index of Economic Freedom]] 2008, the country ranked 64th in the world and 29th in Europe, the lowest rating in the [[Eurozone]]. According to the [[World Bank]], Italy has high levels of freedom for investments, business and trade. Despite this, the country has an inefficient state bureaucracy, low property rights protection and high levels of corruption, heavy taxation and public spending that accounts for about half of the national GDP.<ref name="economicfreedom">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?ID=Italy |title=Index of Economic Freedom |publisher=Heritage.org |date= |accessdate=2008-11-04}}</ref> In addition, the most recent data show that Italy's spending in [[R&D]] in 2006 was equal to 1.14% of GDP, below the EU average of 1.84% and the [[Lisbon Strategy]] target of devoting 3% of GDP to research and development activities<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-091/EN/KS-SF-08-091-EN.PDF|title=R&D Expenditure and Personnel|author=[[Eurostat]]|accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref>.

Thirdly, Italy has a smaller number of world-class multinational corporations than other economies of comparable size, but there are a large number of small and medium companies. This has produced a manufacturing sector often focused on the export of [[niche market]] and luxury products, capable of facing the competition from China and other emerging Asian economies based on lower labour costs<ref>{{cite news|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21808326~menuPK:258604~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:258599,00.html|title=Knowledge Economy Forum 2008: Innovative Small And Medium Enterprises Are Key To Europe & Central Asian Growth|publisher=The World Bank
|date=2005-05-19|accessdate = 2008-06-17}}</ref>. Italy's major exports are motor vehicles ([[Fiat Group]], [[Aprilia]], [[Ducati]], [[Piaggio]]); chemicals and petrochemicals ([[Eni S.p.A.|Eni]]); energy and electrical engineering ([[Enel (energy)|Enel]], [[Edison S.p.A.|Edison]]); home appliances ([[Candy (company)|Candy]], [[Indesit]]), aerospace and defense technologies ([[Alenia]], [[Agusta]], [[Finmeccanica]]), firearms ([[Beretta]]), fashion ([[Armani]], [[Valentino SpA|Valentino]], [[Gianni Versace S.p.A.|Versace]], [[Dolce & Gabbana]], [[Roberto Cavalli]], [[Benetton Group|Benetton]], [[Prada]], [[Luxottica]]); food processing ([[Ferrero SpA|Ferrero]], [[Barilla Group]], [[Martini & Rossi]], [[Campari]], [[Parmalat]]); sport and luxury vehicles ([[Ferrari]], [[Maserati]], [[Lamborghini]], [[Pagani]]); yachts ([[Ferretti Group|Ferretti]], [[Azimut]]).

[[Tourism in Italy|Tourism]] is one of the fastest growing and most profitable sectors the national economy: with 43.7 million international tourist arrivals and total receipts estimated at $42.7 billion, Italy is the fifth major tourist destination and the fourth highest tourist earner in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/UNWTO_Highlights08_en_HR.pdf|title=Tourism Highlights 2008 Edition|author=[[World Tourism Organization]]|accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref>

===Transport===
{{main|Transport in Italy}}
[[Image:Rom Fiumicino 04.jpg|thumb|right|[[Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport|Rome-Fiumicino Airport]] in 2008 was the [[List of the busiest airports in Europe|sixth busiest airport]] in Europe.]]

In 2004 the [[transport]] sector in Italy generated a tunrover of about 119.4 billion euros, employng 935,700 persons in 153,700 enterprises. Regarding to the national [[road]] network, in 2002 there were 668,721 km (415,612 mi) of serviceable roads in Italy, including 6,487 km (4,031 mi) of motorways, state-owned but privately operated by [[Atlantia (company)|Atlantia]] company. In 2005, about 34,667,000 [[Automobile|passenger cars]] (equal to 590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 road good vehicles circulated on the national road network. The national [[railway]] network, state-owned and operated by [[Ferrovie dello Stato]], in 2003 totalled 16,287 km (10,122 mi) of which 69% electrified, and on which 4,937 locomotives and railcars circulated. The national inland [[waterways]] network comprised 1,477 km (918 mi) of navigable rivers and channells in 2002. In 2004 there were approximately 30 main airports (including the two [[Airline hub|hubs]] of [[Malpensa International Airport|Malpensa International]] in [[Milan]] and [[Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport|Leonardo Da Vinci International]] in [[Rome]]) and 43 major seaports in Italy (including the seaport of [[Genoa]], that is the country largest and the second largest in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] after [[Marseille]]). In 2005 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DA-07-001/EN/KS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF|title=Panorama of Transport|format=PDF|author=[[European Commission]]|accessdate=2009-05-03}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[Image:Leonardo self.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Leonardo Da Vinci]].]]

{{Main|Culture of Italy|Art of Italy|Cinema of Italy|Education in Italy}}
Italy did not exist as a state until the country's unification in 1861. Due to this comparatively late unification, and the historical autonomy of the regions that comprise the [[Italian Peninsula]], many traditions and customs that are now recognized as distinctly Italian can be identified by their regions of origin. Despite the political and social isolation of these regions, Italy's contributions to the cultural and historical heritage of Europe remain immense. Italy is home to the greatest number of [[UNESCO]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#Italy (43)|World Heritage Sites]] (43) to date.

===Visual Art===
Italian painting is traditionally characterized by a warmth of colour and light, as exemplified in the works of [[Caravaggio]] and [[Titian]], and a preoccupation with religious figures and motifs. Italian painting enjoyed preeminence in Europe for hundreds of years, from the [[Romanesque art|Romanesque]] and [[Gothic art|Gothic]] periods, and through the [[Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]] periods, the latter two of which saw fruition in Italy. Notable artists who fall within these periods include [[Michelangelo]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Donatello]], [[Botticelli]], [[Fra Angelico]], [[Tintoretto]], [[Caravaggio]], [[Bernini]], [[Titian]] and [[Raphael]]. Thereafter, Italy was to experience a continual subjection to foreign powers which caused a shift of focus to political matters, leading to its decline as the artistic authority in Europe. Not until 20th century [[Futurism]], primarily through the works of [[Umberto Boccioni]] and [[Giacomo Balla]], would Italy recapture any of its former prestige as a seminal place of artistic evolution. Futurism was succeeded by the metaphysical paintings of [[Giorgio de Chirico]], who exerted a strong influence on the [[Surrealists]] and generations of artists to follow.

===Literature===
[[Image:Portrait de Dante.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dante Alighieri]].]]
The basis of the modern [[Italian language]] was established by the [[Florentine]] poet [[Dante Alighieri]], whose greatest work, the [[Divine Comedy]], is considered amongst the foremost literary statements produced in Europe during the [[Middle Ages]]. There is no shortage of celebrated literary figures in Italy: [[Giovanni Boccaccio]], [[Giacomo Leopardi]], [[Alessandro Manzoni]], [[Torquato Tasso]], [[Ludovico Ariosto]], and [[Francesco Petrarca|Petrarch]], whose best-known vehicle of expression, the [[sonnet]], was invented in Italy. Prominent philosophers include [[Giordano Bruno]], [[Marsilio Ficino]], [[Niccolò Machiavelli]], and [[Giambattista Vico]]. Modern literary figures and Nobel laureates are nationalist poet [[Giosuè Carducci]] in 1906, realist writer [[Grazia Deledda]] in 1926, modern theatre author [[Luigi Pirandello]] in 1936, poets [[Salvatore Quasimodo]] in 1959 and [[Eugenio Montale]] in 1975, satirist and theatre author [[Dario Fo]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/|title=All Nobel Laureates in Literature}}</ref>
Regarding the Italian theatre, it can be traced back to the Roman tradition which was heavily influenced by the Greek; as with many other literary genres, Roman dramatists tended to adapt and translate from the Greek. For example, Seneca's ''Phaedra'' was based on that of [[Euripides]], and many of the [[comedies]] of [[Plautus]] were direct translations of works by [[Menander]]. During the 16th century and on into the 18th century, [[Commedia dell'arte]] was a form of [[improvisational theatre]], and it is still performed today. Travelling troupes of players would set up an outdoor stage and provide amusement in the form of [[juggling]], [[acrobatics]], and, more typically, humorous plays based on a repertoire of established characters with a rough storyline, called ''[[canovaccio]]''.

===Science===
[[Image:Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Enrico Fermi]].]]
Through the centuries, Italy give birth to some of the major world science geniuses. [[Leonardo da Vinci]] was the quintessential [[Polymath|Renaissance Man]]. [[Galileo Galilei]] was a [[physicist]], [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], and [[philosopher]] who played a major role in the [[Scientific Revolution]]. His achievements include improvements to the [[telescope]] and consequent astronomical observations, and support for [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicanism]]. The physicist [[Enrico Fermi]] was the leader of the team that built the [[Chicago Pile-1|first nuclear reactor]]; the astronomer [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]] made many discoveries about the [[Solar System]]; the physicist [[Alessandro Volta]] was the inventor of the [[electric battery]]; the mathematicians [[Joseph Louis Lagrange|Lagrange]] and [[Fibonacci]] made fundamental advances in mathematics; [[Guglielmo Marconi]] received the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for the [[Invention of radio|inventor of the radio]]; and [[Antonio Meucci]] was one of the pioneers of what would become the [[telephone]].

===Music===
{{main|Music of Italy}}
[[Image:GiacomoPuccini.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Giacomo Puccini]].]]
From [[Italian folk music|folk music]] to [[European classical music|classical]], music has always played an important role in Italian culture. Having given birth to [[opera]], Italy provides many of the foundations of the classical music tradition. Instruments associated with classical music, including the [[piano]] and [[violin]], were invented in Italy, and many of the prevailing classical music forms, such as the [[symphony]], [[concerto]], and [[sonata]], can trace their roots back to innovations of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Italian music. Italy's most famous composers include the [[List of Renaissance composers#Italian|Renaissance composers]] [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina|Palestrina]] and [[Claudio Monteverdi|Monteverdi]], the [[List of Baroque composers|Baroque composers]] [[Alessandro Scarlatti]], [[Arcangelo Corelli|Corelli]] and [[Antonio Vivaldi|Vivaldi]], the [[List of Classical era composers|Classical composers]] [[Niccolò Paganini|Paganini]] and [[Gioacchino Rossini|Rossini]], and the [[List of Romantic composers|Romantic composers]] [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]] and [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]. Modern Italian composers such as [[Luciano Berio|Berio]] and [[Luigi Nono|Nono]] proved significant in the development of [[experimental music|experimental]] and [[electronic music]].
While the classical music tradition still holds strong in Italy, as evidenced by the fame of its innumerable opera houses, such as [[La Scala]] of Milan and [[San Carlo]] of Naples, and performers such as the pianist [[Maurizio Pollini]] and the late tenor [[Luciano Pavarotti]], Italians have been no less appreciative of their thriving contemporary music scene. Introduced in the early 1920s, [[jazz]] took a particularly strong foothold in Italy, and remained popular despite the anti-American cultural policies of the Fascist regime. Today, the most notable centers of jazz music in Italy include Milan, Rome, and Sicily. Later, Italy was at the forefront of the [[progressive rock]] movement of the 1970s, with bands like [[Premiata Forneria Marconi|PFM]] and [[Goblin (band)|Goblin]]. Today, Italian pop music is represented annually with the [[Sanremo Music Festival]], which served as inspiration for the [[Eurovision]] song contest, and the [[Festival of Two Worlds]] in [[Spoleto]]. Singers such as classical crossover artist [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[Grammy]] winner [[Laura Pausini]], and European chart-topper [[Eros Ramazzotti]] have attained international acclaim.

===Cinema===
{{Main|Cinema of Italy}}
[[Image:Federico Fellini NYWTS 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Federico Fellini]].]]

The history of Italian cinema began a few months after the [[Auguste and Louis Lumière|Lumière brothers]] began motion picture exhibitions. The first Italian film was a few seconds long, showing [[Pope Leo XIII]] giving a blessing to the camera. The Italian film industry was born between 1903 and 1908 with three companies: the [[Roman Cines]], the [[Ambrosio of Turin]] and the [[Itala Film]]. Other companies soon followed in [[Milan]] and in [[Naples]]. In a short time these first companies reached a fair producing quality, and films were soon sold outside Italy. The cinema was later used by [[Benito Mussolini]] as a form of propaganda until the [[World War II]].

After the war, Italian film was widely recognised and exported until an artistic decline around the 1980s. World-famous Italian [[film directors]] from this period include [[Vittorio De Sica]], [[Federico Fellini]], [[Sergio Leone]], [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]], [[Michelangelo Antonioni]] and [[Dario Argento]]. Movies include world cinema treasures such as ''[[La dolce vita]]'', ''[[Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo]]'' and ''[[Ladri di biciclette]]''.
In recent years, the Italian scene has received only occasional international attention, with movies like ''[[La vita è bella]]'' directed by [[Roberto Benigni]] and ''[[Il postino]]'' with [[Massimo Troisi]].

===Sport===
{{main|Sport in Italy}}
[[Image:Kimi Raikkonen won 2007 Brazil GP.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] [[Formula One]] car.]]
Popular sports include [[Football (soccer)|football]], [[basketball]], [[volleyball]], [[waterpolo]], [[fencing]], [[Rugby Union|rugby]], [[cycling]], [[ice hockey]] (mainly in Milan, Trentino-Alto Adige and Veneto), [[roller hockey]] and [[F1]] motor racing. [[Winter sports]] are most popular in the northern regions, with Italians competing in international games and Olympic venues. [[Turin]] hosted the [[2006 Winter Olympic Games]]. Sports are incorporated into Italian festivities like [[Palio]] (see also [[Palio di Siena]]), and the [[gondola]] race ([[regatta]]) that takes place in Venice on the first Sunday of September. [[Sport]]s venues have extended from the [[Gladiator|gladiatorial games]] of [[Ancient Rome]] in the [[Colosseum]] to the [[Stadio Olimpico]] of contemporary Rome, where football clubs compete.

The most popular sport in Italy is [[Football (soccer)|football]], the [[Serie A]] being one of the most famous competitions in the world. [[Italy national football team|Italy's national football team]] is the second-most-successful team in the world, with four [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] victories, the first one of which was in 1934. Italy is also and the current (2006) [[FIFA]] world champion. Cricket is also slowly gaining popularity; the [[Italy national cricket team|Italian national cricket team]] is administered by the ''Federazione Cricket Italiana‎'' (Italian Cricket Federation). They are currently ranked 27th in the world by the [[International Cricket Council]] and are ranked fifth amongst European non-Test teams.
[[Image:Eq it-na pizza-margherita sep2005 sml.jpg|thumb|Traditional [[pizza| pizza Margherita]].]]

===Cuisine===
{{main|Italian cuisine}}
The modern Italian [[cuisine]] has evolved through centuries of social and political changes, with its roots reaching back to the 4th century BC. Significant change occurred with the discovery of the [[New World]], when vegetables such as [[potato]]es, [[tomato]]es, [[bell pepper]]s, and [[maize]] became available. However, these central ingredients of modern Italian cuisine were not introduced in scale before the 18th century.<ref>Del Conte, 11-21.</ref>

Ingredients and dishes vary by region. However, many dishes that were once regional have proliferated in different variations across the country. Cheese and wine are major parts of the cuisine, playing different roles both regionally and nationally with their many variations and ''[[Denominazione di origine controllata]]'' (regulated appellation) laws. [[Coffee]], and more specifically [[espresso]], has become highly important to the cultural cuisine of Italy.

==See also==
{{portal|Italy|Flag of Italy.svg}}
*[[Index of Italy-related articles]]
*[[Italian diaspora]]
*[[Outline of Italy]]

==Notes==
<div class="references-small">
{{ent|1|Romanian}} According to Mitrica, an October 2005 Romanian report estimates that 1,061,400 Romanians are living in Italy, constituting 37.2% of 2.8 million immigrants in that country<ref>Mitrica, Mihai [http://www.evz.ro/article.php?artid=201813 Un milion de romani s-au mutat in Italia] ("One million Romanians have moved to Italy"). ''Evenimentul Zilei'', 31 October 2005. Visited 11 April 2006.</ref> but it is unclear how the estimate was made, and therefore whether it should be taken seriously.
{{ent|2|dialects}} See also (in Italian): ''L. Lepschy e G. Lepschy, La lingua italiana: storia, varietà d'uso, grammatica, Milano, Bompiani''
{{ent|3|montblanc}} Official French maps show the border detouring south of the main summit, and claim the highest point in Italy is Mont Blanc de Courmayeur (4,748 m), but these are inconsistent with an 1861 convention and topographic watershed analysis.
</div>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{sisterlinks}}
; Country profiles
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1065345.stm by the BBC News]
* [http://www.economist.com/countries/Italy/ by the Economist]
* [http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/it/ by the U.S. Department of State]
* [http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?SelectedCountry=ITA&CCODE=ITA&CNAME=Italy&PTYPE=CP by the World Bank]

;General
*{{CIA World Factbook link|it|Italy}}
*[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/italy.htm Italy] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Italy}}
*{{wikiatlas|Italy}}
*{{wikitravel}}

; Government
* [http://www.quirinale.it/presidente/altrelingue/inglese/presidente-en.htm President of the Republic of Italy]
* [http://www.parlamento.it/ Parliament] {{it icon}}
* [http://english.camera.it/ Chamber of Deputies]
* [http://www.senato.it/ Senate] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.italia.gov.it/ Main Institutional Portal] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.governo.it/ Council of Ministries] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.cortecostituzionale.it/ Constitutional Court] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.cortedicassazione.it/ Supreme Court] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.corteconti.it/English-co/index.asp Court of Accounts]
* [http://www.esteri.gov.it/eng/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs]
* [http://www.interno.it/ Ministry of the Interior] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.istruzione.it/ Ministry of Education] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.study-in-italy.it/ Ministry of Education: International Exchanges]
* [http://www.ministerosalute.it/ Ministry of Health] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.difesa.it/ Ministry of Defense] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.welfare.gov.it/ Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare]
* [http://www.attivitaproduttive.gov.it/ Ministry for Economic Development] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.politicheagricole.gov.it/ Ministry of Agriculture] {{it icon}}
* [http://www.giustizia.gov.it/sito_trad_inglese/en_index.htm Ministry of Justice]
*[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-i/italy.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members]

; Public institutions
* [http://www.istat.it/english/ National Statistics Office]
* [http://www.enit.it/default.asp?an=uin&Lang=UK ENIT Italian State Tourism Board]
* [http://www.italiantourism.com/ ENIT North America]
* [http://www.trenitalia.it/en/index.html Italian Railways]
* [http://www.parks.it/Eindex.html Italian National and Regional Parks]

; Other
* [http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Italy:_Primary_Documents History of Italy: Primary Documents]
* [http://www.fastionline.org/ List and maps of archaeological sites in Italy]
* [http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html WWW-VL: History: Italy] at IUE
* [http://casaitaliana.blogspot.com A history of the Italian language]
* [http://www.italiamia.com Italia Mia, a guide to Italy]

{{Italy topics|state=expanded}}
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[[Category:Italy| ]]
[[Category:Former monarchies]]
[[Category:G8 nations]]
[[Category:Italian-speaking countries]]
[[Category:Liberal democracies]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1861]]

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Nexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)

2009-02-13T11:26:34Z

Pap3rinik:

'''''Nexus''''' is the third and final book in the trilogy ''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]''. It documents [[Henry Miller]]'s troubles with his second wife Mona (who was really [[June Miller|June]]) and her lover, Anastasia (a fictional character for [[Anaïs Nin]]), and the period before his departure to [[Paris]], [[France]].

The other books of the Miller's trilogy were [[Sexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|''Sexus'']] and [[Plexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|''Plexus'']].

{{bio-book-stub}}

[[Category:1960 books]]
[[Category:American novels]]

Nexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)

2009-02-13T11:26:16Z

Pap3rinik:

'''''Nexus''''' is the third and final book in the trilogy ''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]''. It documents [[Henry Miller]]'s troubles with his second wife Mona (who was really [[June Miller|June]]) and her lover, Anastasia (a fictional character for [[Anaïs Nin]]), and the period before his departure to [[Paris]], [[France]].

The other books of the Miller's trilogy were [[Sexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|Sexus]] and [[Plexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|Plexus]].

{{bio-book-stub}}

[[Category:1960 books]]
[[Category:American novels]]

Plexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)

2009-02-13T11:22:56Z

Pap3rinik:

'''''Plexus''''' (1953) is the second book in [[Henry Miller]]'s fictionalized account of his early life with his second wife, Mona, known as [[The Rosy Crucifixion]]. ''Plexus'' describes Miller's struggles to find himself as a writer; explores Miller's various relationships with many of his friends; details many of Miller's intellectual passions, amidst the framework of his relationship to "Mona", a character based on his second wife, [[June Miller|June]].

The first of The Roxy Crucifixion was [[Sexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|''Sexus'']] and the third one was [[Nexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|''Nexus'']].

[[Category:1953 novels]]
[[Category:American novels]]

June Miller

2009-02-13T11:21:08Z

Pap3rinik: /* Early life */ fix

'''June Mansfield Miller''' (b. [[January 12]] [[1902]], [[Bukovina]], [[Austria-Hungary]] – d. February 1979, [[Arizona]]) ([http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/AZMARICO/2005-04/1114772265]) was the much written about and discussed second wife of [[Henry Miller]].

== Early life ==
She was born as either '''Juliet Smerth''' or '''Juliet Smerdt''', the daughter of Wilhelm and Frances Budd Smerth. She emigrated with her family to the [[United States]] and arrived in the United States on [[July 10]] [[1907]], aged five.

She would reside in [[New York City]] for much of the rest of her life, excepting a tour of Europe and stints in [[Paris]].

She attended public school in New York. In ''Sexus'', Henry Miller writes that June claimed she graduated from [[Wellesley College]], but later in ''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]'' he writes that she never finished high school. Kenneth Dick, after interviewing June, quotes her as saying "My formal education amounted to about three and a half years of High School. I was working on a scholarship to [[Hunter College]]." Somewhere around 1917-1919, she went to work as a [[taxi dancer]] at Wilson's Dancing Academy (later, in 1931, renamed the Orpheum Dance Palace) in [[Times Square]].


== Life with Henry Miller ==

In 1923 at Wilson's she met [[Henry Miller]] when she was 21 and he was 31. Henry Miller left his first wife to marry June in [[Hoboken, New Jersey]] on [[June 24]] [[1924]].

In October 1926 ([http://cosmotc.blogspot.com/2006/07/real-jean-kronski.html]) [[Jean Kronski]], an artist and poet, moved in with them at June's urging. June, who may have been [[bisexual]], cultivated a very close relationship with Jean, often preferring Jean's affections to Henry's. This phase of her relationship with Jean is the central piece of Henry's autobiographical fictional novel ''Crazy Cock''.

This living arrangement soon fell apart and Jean and June left for Paris together in April 1927. However, two months later they started to quarrel, and June returned to Henry in July. June and Henry subsequently left for a tour of Europe, settling in [[Paris]].

In 1931, June met writer [[Anaïs Nin]], who quickly became obsessed with her and, just as Henry Miller did, used her as a biographical [[archetype]] in many of her subsequent writings. June and Nin became involved in a flirtatious and perhaps sexual relationship, and June would figure prominently into her published and unpublished diaries, from which the movie [[Henry and June|''Henry and June'']] was based upon ([http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/bion1/nin1.html]).

== Later life ==
June and Henry divorced by proxy in [[Mexico]] in 1934.

After divorcing Miller she married Stratford Corbett (probably) in 1935, who worked either for the New York Life Insurance Company or as a public relations officer for the U.S. Government, neither has been confirmed. Stratford left her in 1947 for the actress [[Rita La Roy Corbett]]. Her life deteriorated at this point and she lived in a series of cheap hotels around [[New York City]], such as the Hotel Continental on 95th Street. She was in touch with Miller during this period through the post, and he sent her money through friends and bookstores such as the [[Gotham Book Mart]].

During the 1950s, June was admitted to psychiatric wards where she received electric shock treatments, during which she broke several bones after falling off the operating table. She never fully recovered. In 1954 she began volunteering as a social worker. In 1961 she met Miller again; he was shocked at her deterioration, and the two never rekindled their relationship.

In the late 1960s, June moved to Arizona with one of her brothers, where she is believed to be buried, but no location has been confirmed.

Although she expressed a desire to write an autobiography, she never wrote anything other than letters. However, she had enormous literary influence over the works of her ex-husband Miller and Anaïs Nin. Her inspiration of Miller's great works will be remembered for as long as Miller is studied and enjoyed.

==References==
*Kenneth C. Dick, ''Henry Miller: Colossus of One''
*Robert Furguson, ''Henry Miller, A Life''
*Henry Miller, Crazy Cock (formerly titled ''Lovely Lesbians''), (as 'Hildred')
*Henry Miller, ''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]'' (as 'Mona')
*Henry Miller, ''[[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)|Tropic of Capricorn]]'' (as 'Mona')
*Henry Miller, ''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]''
*Henry Miller, ''[[Sexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|Sexus]]''
*Henry Miller, ''[[Plexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|Plexus]]''
*Henry Miller, ''[[Nexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|Nexus]]''
*Anaïs Nin, ''[[The Diary of Anaïs Nin]]''
*Anaïs Nin, ''[[Henry and June]]''
*Anaïs Nin, ''[[House of Incest]]'' (as 'Sabina')
*Anaïs Nin, ''[[Incest (book)|Incest]]: The Unexpurgated Diary of Anais Nin, 1931-1932''
*Anaïs Nin, ''[[A Spy in the House of Love (novel)|A Spy in the House of Love]]''
*Stephen Starck, ''June Scattered In Fragments''

==External links==
*[http://68.149.32.245/nethowto/examples/bradley/mansfiel/junebio.htm]June Mansfield Miller: Biography
*[http://68.149.32.245/nethowto/examples/bradley/mansfiel/biblio.htm] June Mansfield Miller: Bibliography

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miller, June}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Bisexual people]]
[[Category:LGBT people from the United States]]
[[Category:People from New York City]]

[[it:June Mansfield]]
[[tr:June Miller]]

Digimon Rumble Arena

2008-12-23T15:33:59Z

Pap3rinik: +it

{{Infobox VG
|title = Digimon Rumble Arena
|image = [[Image:DigimonRumbleArena.jpg]]
|developer = [[Bandai]], [[Hudson Soft]]
|publisher = [[Bandai]]
|designer =
|engine =
|version =
|released = {{Vgrelease|JP=[[December 6]], [[2001]]|NA=[[February 24]], [[2002]]}}
|genre = [[Computer and video game genres#Fighting|Fighting]]
|modes =
|ratings = [[ESRB]]: Everyone (E) [[ELSPA]]: 3+
|platforms = [[PlayStation]]
|media = 1 [[CD-ROM]]
|requirements =
|input = [[Game controller|Controller]]
}}
{{nihongo|'''''Digimon Rumble Arena'''''|デジモンテイマーズバトルエボリューション|Dejimon Teimāzu Batoru Eboryūshon|Digimon Tamers Battle Evolution}} is a [[Gaming crossover|crossover]] [[fighting game|fighting]] [[video game]] developed and published by [[Bandai#Bandai Games|Bandai]] in association with [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[PlayStation]] [[video game console]]. It was released in [[Japan]] on [[December 6]], [[2001]] and in [[North America]] on [[February 24]], [[2002]].

''Rumble Arena'' is played in a similar matter to [[Nintendo]]'s ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'', with players being able to choose from up to 24 characters (fifteen of which need to be unlocked) from Bandai's ''[[Digimon Adventure]]'' and ''[[Digimon Tamers]]'' franchises, such as Terriermon, Agumon, Gatomon, and Renamon.

The game's sequel sequel, ''[[Digimon Rumble Arena 2]]'', was released two (three in Japan) years later on the [[Nintendo GameCube]], [[PlayStation 2]], and the [[Xbox]].

==Gameplay==

Unlike some other fighting games, ''Digimon Rumble Arena'' is rather basic in terms of control. The player has a jump, a basic attack, two individual "Finisher Moves", a guard, and a "Special Finisher" (when Digivolved).

Each Digimon has one of three specialties associated with it; the specialties in the game are "Fire", "Water", and "Nature". Fire Digimon have an advantage against Nature Digimon, who have an advantage against Water Digimon, who have an advantage against Fire Digimon. Certain stages also have a specialty associated with them. A Digimon caught in its own specialty trap won't receive as much damage as Digimon of a different specialty that fall into the same trap; for example, a Fire-Specialty Digimon won't receive as much damage falling into a lava pit as a Nature Digimon would, who would in fact receive more damage than a Water Digimon would.

Items and cards with various effects will appear during a battle. Food items recover a players Life Gauge, while card items have a variety of effects, such as increasing or decreasing a player's Digivolve Gauge, taking away control over a Digimon, or allowing a Digimon to perform a special attack.

==Characters==
There are 9 playable characters in ''Digimon Rumble Arena'', all drawn from the ''Digimon Adventure'' and ''Digimon Tamers'' anime. 10 characters are available at the start of the game, while the other 15 require either a password or the completion of a certain task to access.

===Main characters===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Character
!Specialty
!Japanese seiyū
!English voice actor
|-
![[Agumon]]
|Fire
|'''[[Chika Sakamoto]]'''
|'''[[Tom Fahn]]'''
|-
![[Gabumon]]
|Water
|'''[[Mayumi Yamaguchi]]'''
|'''[[Kirk Thornton]]'''
|-
![[Patamon]]
|Nature
|'''[[Miwa Matsumoto]]'''
|'''[[Laura Summer]]'''
|-
![[Gatomon]]
|Water
|'''[[Yuka Tokumitsu]]'''
|'''[[Mary Elizabeth McGlynn]]'''
|-
![[Veemon]]
|Fire
|'''[[Junko Noda]]'''
|'''[[Derek Stephen Prince]]'''
|-
![[Wormmon]]
|Nature
|'''[[Naozumi Takahashi]]'''
|'''[[Paul St. Peter]]'''
|-
![[Guilmon]]
|Fire
|'''[[Masako Nozawa]]'''
|'''[[Steven Blum]]'''
|-
![[Terriermon]]
|Nature
|'''[[Aoi Tada]]'''
|'''[[Mona Marshall]]'''
|-
![[Renamon]]
|Nature
|'''[[Yuka Imai]]'''
|'''[[Mari Devon]]'''
|}

===Hidden characters===
* [[Beelzemon Blast Mode]] -'''Type''': Water.
* [[BlackWarGreymon]] - '''Type''': Fire.
* [[Omnimon]] - '''Type''': Fire.
* [[Reapermon]] - '''Type''': Fire.
* [[WarGreymon]] - '''Type''': Fire.
* [[Imperialdramon Fighter Mode]] - '''Type''': Fire.
* [[Gallantmon]] - '''Type''': Fire.
* [[MegaGargomon]] - '''Type''': Nature.
* [[Sakuyamon]] - '''Type''': Nature.
* [[MetalGarurumon]] - '''Type''': Water.
* [[Stingmon]] - '''Type''': Nature.
* [[Magnadramon]] - '''Type''': Water.
* [[Seraphimon]] - '''Type''': Nature.
* [[Imperialdramon Paladin Mode]] - '''Type''': Fire.
* [[Impmon]] - '''Type''': Fire

==Cast==
* [[Steven Blum]] - Guilmon/Gallantmon, Reapermon, BlackWarGreymon
* [[Mari Devon]] - Renamon
* [[Tom Fahn]] - Agumon
* [[Lex Lang]] - War Greymon, Omnimon
* [[Dave Mallow]] - Patamon/Seraphimon
* [[Mona Marshall]] - Terriermon/MegaGargomon
* [[Mary Elizabeth McGlynn]] - Takato Matsuki, Gatomon/Magnadramon
* [[Paul St. Peter]] - Wormmon
* [[Derek Stephen Prince]] - Veemon, Impmon/Beelzemon
* [[Michael Sorich]] Imperialdramon
* [[Melodee Spevack]] - Angewomon
* [[Kirk Thornton]] - Gabumon/MetalGarurumon, Omnimon

==External links==
* {{moby game|id=/digimon-rumble-arena|name=''Digimon Rumble Arena''}}

{{Digimon}}

[[Category:2001 video games]]
[[Category:Digimon video games|Rumble Arena]]
[[Category:PlayStation games]]
[[Category:Versus fighting games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Japan]]

{{fighting-videogame-stub}}

[[es:Digimon Rumble Arena]]
[[it:Digimon Rumble Arena]]
[[ja:デジモンテイマーズバトルエボリューション]]
[[pt:Digimon Rumble Arena]]

IT disaster recovery

2008-11-20T17:49:43Z

Pap3rinik: small fix

{{otheruses4|1=[[business continuity planning]]|2=societal disaster recovery|3=emergency management}}
{{otheruses|DRP}}
'''Disaster recovery''' is the process, policies and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a [[natural disaster|natural]] or [[man-made hazards|human-induced]] [[disaster]].

Disaster recovery planning is a subset of a larger process known as [[business continuity planning]] and should include planning for resumption of applications, data, hardware, communications (such as networking) and other IT infrastructure. A business continuity plan (BCP) includes planning for non-IT related aspects such as key personnel, facilities, crisis communication and reputation protection, and should refer to the disaster recovery plan (DRP) for IT related infrastructure recovery / continuity. This article focuses on disaster recovery planning as related to IT infrastructure.

== Introduction ==
With the increasing importance of information technology for the continuation of business critical functions, combined with a transition to an around-the-clock economy, the importance of protecting an organizations data and IT infrastructure in the event of a disruptive situation has become an increasing and more visible business priority in recent years.

It is estimated that most large companies spend between 2% and 4% of their IT budget on disaster recovery planning, with the aim of avoiding larger losses in the event that the business cannot continue to function due to loss of IT infrastructure and data. Of companies that had a major loss of business data, 43% never reopen, 51% close within two years, and only 6% will survive long-term.<ref>Hoffer, Jim. "Backing Up Business - Industry Trend or Event." Health Management Technology, Jan 2001 [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DUD/is_1_22/ai_68864006]</ref>

== Disaster Recovery Strategies ==
Prior to selecting a Disaster Recovery strategy, the Disaster Recovery planner should refer to their organization's business continuity plan which should indicate the key metrics of [[Recovery Point Objective]] (RPO) and [[Recovery Time Objective]] (RTO) for various business processes (such as the process to run payroll, generate an order, etc). The metrics specified for the business processes must then be mapped to the underlying IT systems and infrastructure that support those processes.

Once the RTO and RPO metrics have been mapped to IT infrastructure, the DR planner can determine the most suitable recovery strategy for each system. An important note here however is that the business ultimately sets the IT budget and therefore the RTO and RPO metrics need to fit with the available budget. While most business unit heads would like zero data loss and zero time loss, the cost associated with that level of protection may make the desired high availability solutions impractical.

The following is a list of the most common strategies for data protection.

* Backups made to tape and sent off-site at regular intervals (preferably daily)
* Backups made to disk on-site and automatically copied to off-site disk, or made directly to off-site disk
* Replication of data to an off-site location, which overcomes the need to restore the data (only the systems then need to be restored or synced). This generally makes use of Storage Area Network (SAN) technology
* High availability systems which keep both the data and system replicated off-site, enabling continuous access to systems and data

In many cases, an organization may elect to use an outsourced disaster recovery provider to provide a stand-by site and systems rather than using their own remote facilities.

In addition to preparing for the need to recover systems, organizations must also implement precautionary measures with an objective of preventing a disaster situation in the first place. These may include some of the following:

* Local mirrors of systems and/or data and use of disk protection technology such as RAID
* Surge Protectors — to minimize the effect of power surges on delicate electronic equipment
* Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) and/or Backup Generator to keep systems going in the event of a power failure
* Fire Preventions — more alarms, accessible fire extinguishers
* Anti-virus software and other security measures

== References ==

<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

== See also ==

* [[Backup site]]
* [[Business Continuity Planning]] (BCP)
* [[Continuous data protection]]
* [[IBM Global Mirror]]
* [[Recovery Point Objective]] (RPO)
* [[Recovery Time Objective]] (RTO)
* [[Remote backup service]]s
* [[Secure Virtual Office]]
* [[Seven tiers of disaster recovery]]
* [[Virtual Tape Library]]

== Further reading ==
* Gregory, Peter H. (2008). ''IT Disaster Recovery Planning for Dummies''. Wiley Publishing, Inc.
* Cummings, E., Haag, S., & McCubbrey D. (2005). ''Management Information Systems for the Information Age''. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Higher Education.
* Benton, Dick (2007). [http://www.drj.com/articles/win07/2001-16.pdf Disaster Recovery: A Pragmatist's Viewpoint]. ''[[Disaster Recovery Journal]]''.
* Tennant, Roy. “Digital Libraries- Coping with Disasters.” Library Journal. 15 November 2001.

Gatlin, Heather. 2006. The Search for a Theoretical Framework for Long-Term Disaster Recovery: A Normative Application of Jane Addams Social Democratic Theory and Ethics. Applied Research Project. Texas State University. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/125/

== External links ==

* [http://www.disasterrecoveryworld.com/ Disaster Recovery World]
* [http://www.continuitycentral.com/itdr.htm Continuity Central - IT Disaster Recovery related articles]
* [http://www.disaster-recovery-guide.com/ The Disaster Recovery Guide]
* [http://www.drii.org/ Disaster Recovery Institute International]
* [http://www.fema.gov/ Federal Emergency Management Agency]

[[Category:Business continuity and disaster recovery]]
[[Category:Data management]]

[[de:Disaster Recovery]]
[[es:Plan de recuperación ante desastres (informática)]]
[[fr:Disaster Recovery Plan]]
[[id:Pemulihan bencana]]
[[it:Disaster recovery]]
[[he:תוכנית התאוששות מאסון]]
[[ja:ディザスタリカバリ]]
[[pt:Recuperação de desastres]]
[[zh:灾难恢复]]

Collurania-Teramo Observatory

2008-03-19T16:02:40Z

Pap3rinik: /* External links */ fix official web page

'''Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania-Teramo "V. Cerulli"''' (OACT, known in English variously as the '''Collurania-Teramo Observatory''' or '''Collurania Observatory, Teramo''') is an [[astronomy|astronomical]] [[observatory]] owned and operated by [[Italy]]'s [[Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica]] (National Institute for Astrophysics, INAF). It is located in [[Teramo]], Italy. It was founded by [[Vincenzo Cerulli]], who was later honoured by having it bear his name.

==External links==
*[http://www.oa-teramo.inaf.it/ita/ Observatory home page]

{{observatory-stub}}
[[Category:Astronomical observatories in Italy|Collurania-Teramo]]

[[it:Osservatorio astronomico di Collurania]]

Vincenzo Cerulli

2008-03-19T15:08:15Z

Pap3rinik: +link to Collurania-Teramo Observatory

{| class="wikitable collapsible" align="right" style="margin: 1em; margin-top: 0;"
! colspan="2" style="white-space: nowrap;" | [[Asteroid]]s discovered: 1
|-
| [[704 Interamnia]] || [[October 2]] [[1910]]
|}
'''Vincenzo Cerulli''' ([[April 20]] [[1859]]–[[May 30]] [[1927]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[astronomer]] who owned [[Collurania-Teramo Observatory|a private observatory]] in [[Teramo]], where he was born.

Cerulli compiled a star catalog with [[Elia Millosevich]]. He also observed [[Mars (planet)|Mars]] and developed the theory that the [[Martian canals]] were not real but an [[optical illusion]], a theory that was later confirmed.

He discovered one [[asteroid]], [[704 Interamnia]], which is named after the [[Latin]] name for [[Teramo]], and is notable for its relatively large diameter of approximately 350 km, which makes it one of the largest bodies in the traditional [[asteroid belt]].

A [[Impact crater|crater]] on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]] is named after Cerulli, as is the asteroid [[366 Vincentina]].

Cerulli died at [[Merate]], [[province of Como]], in 1927.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cerulli, Vincenzo}}

[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:19th century astronomers]]
[[Category:20th century astronomers]]
[[Category:Italian astronomers]]
[[Category:People from Abruzzo]]
[[Category:Asteroid discoverers]]

{{Euro-astronomer-stub}}
{{Italy-scientist-stub}}

[[de:Vincenzo Cerulli]]
[[fr:Vincenzo Cerulli]]
[[it:Vincenzo Cerulli]]
[[lb:Vincenzo Cerulli]]
[[ja:ヴィンチェンツォ・チェルッリ]]

Collurania-Teramo Observatory

2008-03-19T15:06:18Z

Pap3rinik: +wlink to it.wp

'''Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania-Teramo "V. Cerulli"''' (OACT, known in English variously as the '''Collurania-Teramo Observatory''' or '''Collurania Observatory, Teramo''') is an [[astronomy|astronomical]] [[observatory]] owned and operated by [[Italy]]'s [[Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica]] (National Institute for Astrophysics, INAF). It is located in [[Teramo]], Italy. It was founded by [[Vincenzo Cerulli]], who was later honoured by having it bear his name.

==External links==
*[http://www.te.astro.it/ Observatory home page]

{{observatory-stub}}
[[Category:Astronomical observatories in Italy|Collurania-Teramo]]

[[it:Osservatorio astronomico di Collurania]]

Muriel Barbery

2007-12-06T14:42:46Z

Pap3rinik: +it

{{see also|Barbery}}
Muriel Barbery, novelist, professor of philosophy, was born in 1969 in Casablanca, Morocco. She lives in Normandy.

==Bibliography==
* 2000 : ''[[Une gourmandise]]'', [[Gallimard]], edition « Blanche », 2006, 145 p., ISBN 2-07-075869-9 translated into twelve languages. Prize for best book of gourmet literature, Prix Bacchus-BSN.
* 2006 : ''[[L'Élégance du hérisson]]'', [[Gallimard]], edition « Blanche », 2006, 359 p., ISBN 2-07-078093-7, [[Prix Georges Brassens]] 2006, Prize [http://vivrelivrevaldisere.blogspot.com/ Vivre Livre des Lecteurs de Val d'Isère] 2007, [[Prix Rotary International]] 2007, [[Prix des libraires]] 2007, Prix de l'Armitière (Rouen), Prix "Au fil de mars" (Université de Bretagne Sud).

==External sites==
* [http://muriel.barbery.net Personal blog ]

[[Category:French novelists|Barbery, Muriel]]
[[Category:1969 births|Barbery, Muriel]]

[[fr:Muriel Barbery]]
[[it:Muriel Barbery]]

User:Pap3rinik

2007-11-26T10:47:17Z

Pap3rinik:

I'm an it.wiki user.
Please find my profile [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utente:Pap3rinik here] (in [[italian language|italian]]).

{|
|{{user it}}
|-
|{{user en-3}}
|-
|{{user fr-2}}
|-
|}

[[it:Utente:Pap3rinik]]
[[fr:Utilisateur:Pap3rinik]]

[[Category:Wikipedians in Italy|Pap3rinik]]

Legislature XIII of Italy

2007-07-30T15:54:52Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = XIII Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1996|Elezioni politiche del 1996]]|
governo = [[Governo Prodi I|Prodi I]], [[Governo D'Alema I|D'Alema I]], [[Governo D'Alema II|D'Alema II]], [[Governo Amato II|Amato II]]}}

*Dal [[9 maggio]] [[1996]] al [[29 maggio]] [[2001]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==
*[[Governo Prodi I]]
** Dal [[17 maggio]] [[1996]] al [[21 ottobre]] [[1998]]
**Composizione del governo: PDS, PPI, RI, Verdi, Indipendenti
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Romano Prodi]] (l'Ulivo)

*[[Governo D'Alema I]]
**Dal [[21 ottobre]] [[1998]] al [[18 dicembre]] [[1999]]
**Composizione del governo: DS, PPI, RI, SDI, Verdi, PDCI, UDR, Indipendenti
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Massimo D'Alema]] (DS)

*[[Governo D'Alema II]]
**Dal [[22 dicembre]] [[1999]] al [[25 aprile]] [[2000]]
**Composizione del governo: DS, PPI, I Democratici, RI, Verdi, PDCI, UDEUR, Indipendenti
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Massimo D'Alema]] (DS)

*[[Governo Amato II]]
**Dal [[25 aprile]] [[2000]] all' [[11 giugno]] [[2001]]
**Composizione del governo: DS, PPI, I Democratici, RI, SDI, Verdi, PDCI, UDEUR, Indipendenti
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giuliano Amato]]

== Gruppi parlamentari ==

=== Camera dei Deputati ===

'''[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente]]''': [[Luciano Violante]], PDS dal ([[10 maggio]] [[1996]]) al ([[29 maggio]] [[2001]])

{| border=1
! rowspan=2|Gruppi parlamentari
! inizio Leg.
! fine Leg.
|-
! 1996
! 2001
|-
| Alleanza Nazionale
| align=right|92
| align=right|88
|-
| Centro Cristiano Democratico - Cristiani Democratici Uniti
| align=right|30
| align=right| 
|-
| Comunista
| align=right| 
| align=right|20
|-
| Democratici di Sinistra - L'Ulivo
| align=right| 
| align=right|161
|-
| Forza Italia
| align=right|123
| align=right|117
|-
| I Democratici - L'Ulivo
| align=right| 
| align=right|20
|-
| Lega Nord Padania
| align=right| 
| align=right|46
|-
| Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania
| align=right|59
| align=right| 
|-
| Popolari e Democratici - L'Ulivo
| align=right|67
| align=right|56
|-
| Rifondazione Comunista - Progressisti
| align=right|35
| align=right| 
|-
| Rinnovamento Italiano
| align=right|26
| align=right| 
|-
| Sinistra Democratica - L'Ulivo
| align=right|172
| align=right| 
|-
| Unione Democratici per l'Europa
| align=right| 
| align=right|20
|-
| Misto
| align=right|26
| align=right|94
|-
| '''Totale'''
| align=right|630
| align=right|622
|}

'''Note'''

*Non si sono effettuate le elezioni suppletive per la sostituzione di 8 deputati dimissionari o deceduti, poiché, come previsto dall'articolo 86, co. 1 del D.P.R. 361/57, intercorre meno di un anno fra la vacanza del seggio e la scadenza normale della legislatura. [Fonte: ''Camera dei Deputati'']

=== Senato della Repubblica ===

'''[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente]]''': [[Nicola Mancino]], PPI dal ([[9 maggio]] [[1996]]) al ([[29 maggio]] [[2001]])

{| border=1
! rowspan=2|Gruppi parlamentari
! inizio Leg.
! fine Leg.
|-
! 1996
! 2001
|-
| Alleanza Nazionale
| align=right|43
| align=right|42
|-
| Centro Cristiano Democratico
| align=right| 
| align=right|11
|-
| Democratici di Sinistra - L'Ulivo
| align=right| 
| align=right|102
|-
| Democrazia Europea
| align=right| 
| align=right|10
|-
| Federazione Cristiano Democratica - Centro Cristiano Democratico
| align=right|15
| align=right| 
|-
| Federazione Cristiano Democratica - Cristiani Democratici Uniti
| align=right|10
| align=right| 
|-
| Forza Italia
| align=right|48
| align=right|45
|-
| Lega Forza Nord Padania
| align=right| 
| align=right|18
|-
| Lega Nord - Per la Padania Indipendente
| align=right|27
| align=right| 
|-
| Partito Popolare Italiano
| align=right|31
| align=right|25
|-
| Rifondazione Comunista - Progressisti
| align=right|11
| align=right| 
|-
| Rinnovamento Italiano
| align=right|11
| align=right| 
|-
| Sinistra Democratica - L'Ulivo
| align=right|100
| align=right| 
|-
| Unione Democratici per l'Europa
| align=right| 
| align=right|12
|-
| Verdi - L'Ulivo
| align=right|14
| align=right|14
|-
| Misto
| align=right|15
| align=right|43
|-
| '''Totale'''
| align=right|325
| align=right|322
|}

'''Note'''

Ai 315 senatori elettivi, ad inizio legislatura si aggiunsero 10 [[senatore a vita|senatori a vita]], poi ridotti a 9, così distribuiti:

* 4 nel gruppo ''Partito Popolare Italiano'': [[Giulio Andreotti]] (nel 2001 passato al gruppo ''Democrazia Europea''), [[Carlo Bo]], [[Amintore Fanfani]] (deceduto nel 1999), [[Paolo Emilio Taviani]].
* 2 nel gruppo ''Sinistra Democratica - L'Ulivo'': [[Norberto Bobbio]], [[Francesco De Martino]].
* 4 nel gruppo ''Misto'': [[Gianni Agnelli]], [[Francesco Cossiga]], [[Giovanni Leone]], [[Leo Valiani]] (deceduto nel 1999). Nel 1999 [[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro]], come ex Presidente della Repubblica, divenne senatore a vita e si iscrisse al gruppo ''Misto''.

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati XIII Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori XIII Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 13]]

Legislature XII of Italy

2007-07-30T15:53:17Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = XII Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1994|Elezioni politiche del 1994]]|
governo = [[Governo Berlusconi I|Berlusconi I]], [[Governo Dini|Dini]]}}

La '''XII legislatura''' si è svolta dal [[15 aprile]] [[1994]] all' [[8 maggio]] [[1996]]. Per durata, due anni e qualche giorno, è stata la più breve della storia della repubblica italiana. Fra le più importanti novità legislative, c'è l'approvazione della riforma Dini sulle pensioni.

==Cronologia==

==Governi==
*[[Governo Berlusconi I]]
**Dal [[10 maggio]] [[1994]] al [[17 gennaio]] [[1995]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Silvio Berlusconi]] (FI)
**Composizione del governo: FI, AN, Lega Nord, CCD, Unione di Centro

*[[Governo Dini]]
**Dal [[17 gennaio]] [[1995]] al [[17 maggio]] [[1996]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Lamberto Dini]] (Tecnico)
**Composizione del governo: Tecnico

== Gruppi parlamentari ==
=== Camera dei Deputati ===

'''[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente]]''': [[Irene Pivetti]], Lega Nord dal ([[16 aprile]] [[1994]]) all' ([[8 maggio]] [[1996]])

{| border=1
! rowspan=2|Gruppi parlamentari
! inizio Leg.
! fine Leg.
|-
! 1994
! 1996
|-
| Alleanza Nazionale
| align=right|109
| align=right|108
|-
| Centro Cristiano Democratico
| align=right|27
| align=right|28
|-
| Federalisti e Liberal-democratici
| align=right|-
| align=right|25
|-
| Forza Italia
| align=right|113
| align=right|107
|-
| Lega Italiana Federalista
| align=right|-
| align=right|20
|-
| Lega Nord
| align=right|117
| align=right|76
|-
| Partito Popolare Italiano
| align=right|33
| align=right|33
|-
| Patto dei Democratici
| align=right|-
| align=right|21
|-
| Progressisti - Federativo
| align=right|164
| align=right|162
|-
| Rifondazione Comunista - Progressisti
| align=right|39
| align=right|36
|-
| Misto
| align=right|28
| align=right|9
|-
| '''Totale'''
| align=right|630
| align=right|625
|}

'''Note'''
* Nel gruppo ''Misto'' erano compresi inizialmente 13 deputati del Patto Segni, 10 di Alleanza Democratica, 3 della Südtiroler Volkspartei, 1 della Lega d'Azione Meridionale, 1 della lista Vallée d'Aoste.

=== Senato della Repubblica ===

'''[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente]]''': [[Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini]], Forza Italia dal ([[16 aprile]] [[1994]]) all' ([[8 maggio]] [[1996]])

{| border=1
! rowspan=2|Gruppi parlamentari
! inizio Leg.
! fine Leg.
|-
! 1994
! 1996
|-
| Alleanza Nazionale
| align=right|48
| align=right|47
|-
| Centro Cristiano Democratico
| align=right|12
| align=right|15
|-
| Cristiani Democratici Uniti
| align=right|-
| align=right|12
|-
| Forza Italia
| align=right|36
| align=right|36
|-
| Laburista - Socialista - Progressista
| align=right|-
| align=right|10
|-
| Lega Italiana Federalista
| align=right|-
| align=right|10
|-
| Lega Nord
| align=right|60
| align=right|43
|-
| Partito Popolare Italiano
| align=right|34
| align=right|22
|-
| Progressista - Partito Socialista Italiano
| align=right|10
| align=right|-
|-
| Progressisti - Federativo
| align=right|76
| align=right|75
|-
| Progressisti - Verdi - La Rete
| align=right|13
| align=right|12
|-
| Rifondazione Comunista - Progressisti
| align=right|18
| align=right|14
|-
| Sinistra Democratica
| align=right|-
| align=right|10
|-
| Misto
| align=right|19
| align=right|19
|-
| '''Totale'''
| align=right|326
| align=right|325
|}

'''Note'''

* Ai 315 senatori elettivi, ad inizio legislatura si aggiunsero 11 [[senatore a vita|senatori a vita]], poi ridotti a 10, così distribuiti:
** 3 nel gruppo ''Partito Popolare Italiano'': [[Giulio Andreotti]], [[Carlo Bo]], [[Amintore Fanfani]]
** 1 nel gruppo ''Progressisti - Federativo'': [[Francesco De Martino]]
** 7 nel gruppo ''Misto'': [[Gianni Agnelli]], [[Norberto Bobbio]], [[Francesco Cossiga]], [[Giovanni Leone]], [[Giovanni Spadolini]] (poi deceduto nell'agosto 1994), [[Paolo Emilio Taviani]], [[Leo Valiani]]

* Nel gruppo ''Misto'', oltre ai 7 senatori a vita, erano compresi inizialmente 6 senatori di Alleanza Democratica, 3 della Südtiroler Volkspartei, 1 della Lega Alpina Lumbarda, 1 della lista Vallée d'Aoste, 1 indipendente (eletto nella lista Gruppo Magris).

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati XII Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori XII Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 12]]

Legislature XI of Italy

2007-07-30T15:52:09Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = XI Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1992|Elezioni politiche del 1992]]|
governo = [[Governo Amato I|Amato I]], [[Governo Ciampi|Ciampi]]}}

*Dal [[23 aprile]] [[1992]] al [[14 aprile]] [[1994]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==
La maggioranza che si costituisce in Parlamento è determinata dall'asse [[Democrazia Cristiana|DC]] - [[Partito Socialista Italiano|PSI]], in alleanza con [[Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano|PSDI]] e [[Partito Liberale Italiano|PLI]]. Il primo periodo è a guida socialista, il secondo democristiano. La legislatura viene bruscamente interrotta dallo scandalo di [[Tangentopoli]].

*[[Governo Amato I]]
**Dal [[28 giugno]] [[1992]] al [[28 aprile]] [[1993]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giuliano Amato]] (PSI)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI

*[[Governo Ciampi]]
**Dal [[28 aprile]] [[1993]] al [[10 maggio]] [[1994]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]] (Tecnico)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI, Indipendenti di "sinistra" (provenienti da PDS e Verdi)

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera dei Deputati]]==

*[[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro]], DC
**Dal [[24 aprile]] [[1992]] al [[25 maggio]] [[1992]]
*[[Giorgio Napolitano]], PDS
**Dal [[3 giugno]] [[1992]] al [[14 aprile]] [[1994]]

==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Giovanni Spadolini]], PRI
**Dal [[24 aprile]] [[1992]] al [[14 aprile]] [[1994]]

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati XI Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori XI Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 11]]

Legislature X of Italy

2007-07-30T15:51:30Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = X Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1987|Elezioni politiche del 1987]]|
governo = [[Governo Goria|Goria]], [[Governo De Mita|De Mita]], [[Governo Andreotti VI|Andreotti VI]], [[Governo Andreotti VII|Andreotti VII]]}}

*Dal [[2 luglio]] [[1987]] al [[22 aprile]] [[1992]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==
La maggioranza che si costituisce in Parlamento è determinata dal cosiddetto ''Pentapartito'': [[Democrazia Cristiana|DC]], [[Partito Socialista Italiano|PSI]], [[Partito Repubblicano Italiano|PRI]], [[Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano|PSDI]] e [[Partito Liberale Italiano|PLI]].

*[[Governo Goria]]
**Dal [[28 luglio]] [[1987]] al [[13 aprile]] [[1988]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giovanni Goria]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI, PRI

*[[Governo De Mita]]
**Dal [[13 aprile]] [[1988]] al [[22 luglio]] [[1989]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Ciriaco De Mita]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI, PRI

*[[Governo Andreotti VI]]
**Dal [[22 luglio]] [[1989]] al [[12 aprile]] [[1991]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giulio Andreotti]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI, PRI

*[[Governo Andreotti VII]]
**Dal [[12 aprile]] [[1991]] al [[24 aprile]] [[1992]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giulio Andreotti]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera dei Deputati]]==
*[[Leonilde Iotti]], PCI
**Dal [[2 luglio]] [[1987]] al [[22 aprile]] [[1992]]
==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Giovanni Spadolini]], PRI
**Dal [[2 luglio]] [[1987]] al [[22 aprile]] [[1992]]

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati X Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori X Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 10]]

Legislature IX of Italy

2007-07-30T15:50:02Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = IX Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1983|Elezioni politiche del 1983]]|
governo = [[Governo Craxi I|Craxi I]], [[Governo Craxi II|Craxi II]], [[Governo Fanfani VI|Fanfani VI]]}}

*Dal [[12 luglio]] [[1983]] al [[1 luglio]] [[1987]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==
La maggioranza che si costituisce in Parlamento è determinata dal cosiddetto ''Pentapartito'': l'asse [[Democrazia Cristiana|DC]] - [[Partito Socialista Italiano|PSI]], in alleanza con [[Partito Repubblicano Italiano|PRI]], [[Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano (1947-1998)|PSDI]] e [[Partito Liberale Italiano|PLI]].

Nell'ultima fase, [[Amintore Fanfani]] costituisce un governo tutto democristiano, che dura in carica soltanto undici giorni.

*[[Governo Craxi I]]
**Dal [[4 agosto]] [[1983]] al [[1 agosto]] [[1986]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Bettino Craxi]] (PSI)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI, PRI

*[[Governo Craxi II]]
**Dal [[1 agosto]] [[1986]] al [[17 aprile]] [[1987]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Bettino Craxi]] (PSI)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PLI, PRI

*[[Governo Fanfani VI]]
**Dal [[17 aprile]] [[1987]] al [[28 luglio]] [[1987]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Amintore Fanfani]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC e Indipendenti

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera dei Deputati]]==
*[[Leonilde Iotti]], PCI
**Dal [[12 luglio]] [[1983]] al [[1 luglio]] [[1987]]
==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Francesco Cossiga]], DC
**Dal [[12 luglio]] [[1983]] al [[24 giugno]] [[1985]]
*[[Amintore Fanfani]], DC
**Dal [[9 luglio]] [[1985]] al [[17 aprile]] [[1987]]
*[[Giovanni Francesco Malagodi]], PLI
**Dal [[22 aprile]] [[1987]] al [[1 luglio]] [[1987]]

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati IX Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori IX Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 09]]

Legislature VII of Italy

2007-07-30T15:48:47Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = VII Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1976|Elezioni politiche del 1976]]|
governo = [[Governo Andreotti III|Andreotti III]], [[Governo Andreotti IV|Andreotti IV]], [[Governo Andreotti V|Andreotti V]]}}

*Dal [[5 luglio]] [[1976]] al [[19 giugno]] [[1979]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==
*[[Governo Andreotti III]]
**Dal [[29 luglio]] [[1976]] all' [[11 marzo]] [[1978]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giulio Andreotti]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Andreotti IV]]
**Dall' [[11 marzo]] [[1978]] al [[20 marzo]] [[1979]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giulio Andreotti]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Andreotti V]]
**Dal [[20 marzo]] [[1979]] al [[4 agosto]] [[1979]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giulio Andreotti]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PRI, PSDI

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera dei Deputati]]==
*[[Pietro Ingrao]], PCI
**Dal [[5 luglio]] [[1976]] al [[19 giugno]] [[1979]]
==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Amintore Fanfani]], DC
**Dal [[5 luglio]] [[1976]] al [[19 giugno]] [[1979]]

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati VII Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori VII Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 07]]

Legislature V of Italy

2007-07-30T15:40:52Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = V Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1968|Elezioni politiche del 1968]]|
governo = [[Governo Leone II|Leone II]], [[Governo Rumor I|Rumor I]], [[Governo Rumor II|Rumor II]], [[Governo Rumor III|Rumor III]], [[Governo Colombo|Colombo]], [[Governo Andreotti I|Andreotti I]]}}

*Dal [[5 giugno]] [[1968]] al [[24 maggio]] [[1972]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==

*[[Governo Leone II]]
**Dal [[24 giugno]] [[1968]] al [[12 dicembre]] [[1968]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giovanni Leone]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Rumor I]]
**Dal [[12 dicembre]] [[1968]] al [[5 agosto]] [[1969]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Mariano Rumor]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PRI

*[[Governo Rumor II]]
**Dal [[5 agosto]] [[1969]] al [[27 marzo]] [[1970]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Mariano Rumor]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Rumor III]]
**Dal [[27 marzo]] [[1970]] al [[6 agosto]] [[1970]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Mariano Rumor]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSU, PSI, PRI

*[[Governo Colombo]]
**Dal [[6 agosto]] [[1970]] al [[17 febbraio]] [[1972]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Emilio Colombo]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI

*[[Governo Andreotti I]]
**Dal [[17 febbraio]] [[1972]] al [[26 giugno]] [[1972]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giulio Andreotti]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera dei Deputati]]==
*[[Alessandro Pertini]], PSI
**Dal [[5 giugno]] [[1968]] al [[24 maggio]] [[1972]]
==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Amintore Fanfani]], DC
**Dal [[5 giugno]] [[1968]] al [[24 maggio]] [[1972]]

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati V Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori V Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 05]]

Legislature IV of Italy

2007-07-30T15:40:27Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = IV Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1963|Elezioni politiche del 1963]]|
governo = [[Governo Leone I|Leone I]], [[Governo Moro I|Moro I]], [[Governo Moro II|Moro II]], [[Governo Moro III|Moro III]]}}

*Dal [[16 maggio]] [[1963]] al [[4 giugno]] [[1968]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==

*[[Governo Leone I]]
**Dal [[21 giugno]] [[1963]] al [[4 dicembre]] [[1963]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giovanni Leone]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Moro I]]
**Dal [[4 dicembre]] [[1963]] al [[22 luglio]] [[1964]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Aldo Moro]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI

*[[Governo Moro II]]
**Dal [[22 luglio]] [[1964]] al [[23 febbraio]] [[1966]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Aldo Moro]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI

*[[Governo Moro III]]
**Dal [[23 febbraio]] [[1966]] al [[24 giugno]] [[1968]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Aldo Moro]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera dei Deputati]]==
*[[Giovanni Leone]], DC
**Dal [[16 maggio]] [[1963]] al [[21 giugno]] [[1963]]
*[[Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci]], DC
**Dal [[26 giugno]] [[1963]] al [[4 giugno]] [[1968]]
==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Cesare Merzagora]], DC
**Dal [[16 maggio]] [[1963]] al [[7 novembre]] [[1967]]
*[[Ennio Zelioli-Lanzini]], DC
**Dall' [[8 novembre]] [[1967]] al [[4 giugno]] [[1968]]

==Voci correlate==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati IV Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori IV Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 04]]

Legislature III of Italy

2007-07-30T15:39:43Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = III Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1958|Elezioni politiche del 1958]]|
governo = [[Governo Fanfani II|Fanfani II]], [[Governo Segni II|Segni II]], [[Governo Tambroni|Tambroni]], [[Governo Fanfani III|Fanfani III]], [[Governo Fanfani IV|Fanfani IV]]}}

*Dal [[12 giugno]] [[1958]] al [[15 maggio]] [[1963]]

==Cronologia==
Le [[elezioni politiche italiane del 1958|elezioni politiche]] si svolgono il [[25 maggio]] e i risultati non producono grosse sorprese, in quanto confermano sostanzialmente l'andamento espresso finora. [[Amintore Fanfani]] viene incaricato di formare il [[Governo Fanfani II|nuovo governo]] e si inaugura, da questo momento, la cosiddetta stagione politica del ''[[centrosinistra]]'', costituita originariamente da un accordo fra la Dc e i socialdemocratici. Durante questo governo, e più precisamente il [[14 agosto]] del [[1958|'58]], viene istituito il Ministero della Sanità (l'[[Italia]] era uno dei pochi Paesi occidentali a non possederlo).

Dopo una serie di conflitti interni alla Dc e la crisi del governo, che viene battuto sull'approvazione di una serie di leggi, si dimettono due ministri (il contrasto è sull'introduzione del Codice della Strada). Fanfani lascia governo e segreteria del partito.

L'incarico viene affidato ad [[Antonio Segni]] che vara il suo [[Governo Segni II|governo]], con l'appoggio esterno delle destre. È il periodo in cui scoppia uno scandalo alimentare per presunte sofisticazioni dei cibi nel periodo natalizio fra il [[1959]] e il [[1960|'60]].

La Dc si interroga su un futuro orientato verso un'alleanza con la sinistra, ma liberali e repubblicani non ci stanno e mettono in crisi il governo, che si dimette il [[24 febbraio]]. L'incarico di formarne uno nuovo viene dato allo stesso Segni, ma il tentativo fallisce.

Così, il [[25 marzo]] [[1960]] nasce il [[Governo Tambroni]], monocolore Dc con l'appoggio del Msi, che dura in carica soltanto quattro mesi: scoppiano, infatti, proteste antifasciste in molte città italiane che creano tafferugli e persino 5 morti. [[Fernando Tambroni|Tambroni]] accusa la sinistra filo-sovietica di fomentare i tumulti ma - dopo sollecitazioni della stessa Dc - il Governo si dimette il [[26 luglio]].

Il [[Governo Fanfani III|successivo governo]] vede il ritorno sulla scena di Fanfani, da sempre favorevole ad accordi con la sinistra (con i socialisti in particolare). Si scontra, infatti, con Tambroni perché si era fatto appoggiare dal Msi.

A livello internazionale si è in piena guerra fredda,l'Italia è apertamente schierata con l'alleanza atlantica,in contrapposizione al blocco sovietico;viene costruito il [[muro di Berlino]] e Fanfani è un protagonista della mediazione fra i due blocchi. Il governo si dimette il [[2 febbraio]] [[1962]], dopo che il consiglio della Dc aveva deliberato la creazione di un'alleanza di centrosinistra, su indicazione del segretario [[Aldo Moro]].

Nasce, pertanto, un nuovo governo, il [[Governo Fanfani IV|Fanfani IV]]: si tratta di un tripartito Dc-Psdi-Pri, mentre il Psi mantiene un atteggiamento di collaborazione. È un governo relativamente "duraturo", che attua riforme importanti come l'aumento delle pensioni, l'eliminazione della censura sulle opere liriche e di prosa, l'avvio dell'urbanizzazione nazionale, la nazionalizzazione dell'energia elettrica, la riduzione della leva militare.

Il [[18 febbraio]] [[1963]], il nuovo presidente della Repubblica, [[Antonio Segni]], scioglie le Camere in vista delle [[elezioni politiche italiane del 1963|elezioni politiche]].

== Governi ==

*[[Governo Fanfani II]]
**Dal [[1 luglio]] [[1958]] al [[15 febbraio]] [[1959]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Amintore Fanfani]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSDI

*[[Governo Segni II]]
**Dal [[15 febbraio]] [[1959]] al [[23 marzo]] [[1960]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Antonio Segni]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Tambroni]]
**Dal [[25 marzo]] [[1960]] al [[26 luglio]] [[1960]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Fernando Tambroni-Armaroli]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Fanfani III]]
**Dal [[26 luglio]] [[1960]] al [[21 febbraio]] [[1962]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Amintore Fanfani]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC

*[[Governo Fanfani IV]]
**Dal [[21 febbraio]] [[1962]] al [[21 giugno]] [[1963]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Amintore Fanfani]] (DC)
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSDI, PRI

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera dei Deputati]]==
*[[Giovanni Leone]], DC
**Dal [[12 giugno]] [[1958]] al [[15 maggio]] [[1963]]
==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Cesare Merzagora]], DC
**Dal [[12 giugno]] [[1958]] al [[15 maggio]] [[1963]]

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Deputati III Legislatura]]
* [[Senatori III Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}

[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 03]]

Legislature VI of Italy

2007-07-30T15:38:40Z

Pap3rinik: /* Voci correlate */ +wlink

{{Elezione Legislatura|
legislatura = VI Legislatura|
elezione = [[Elezioni politiche italiane del 1972|Elezioni politiche del 1972]]|
governo = [[Governo Andreotti II|Andreotti II]], [[Governo Rumor IV|Rumor IV]], [[Governo Rumor V|Rumor V]], [[Governo Moro IV|Moro IV]], [[Governo Moro V|Moro V]]}}

*Dal [[25 maggio]] [[1972]] al [[4 luglio]] [[1976]]

==Cronologia==

==Governi==
*[[Governo Andreotti II]]
**Dal [[26 luglio]] [[1972]] al [[7 luglio]] [[1973]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Giulio Andreotti]]
**Composizione del governo: DC, PLI, PSDI

*[[Governo Rumor IV]]
**Dal [[7 luglio]] [[1973]] al [[14 marzo]] [[1974]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Mariano Rumor]]
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI

*[[Governo Rumor V]]
**Dal [[14 marzo]] [[1974]] al [[23 novembre]] [[1974]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Mariano Rumor]]
**Composizione del governo: DC, PSI, PSDI

*[[Governo Moro IV]]
**Dal [[23 novembre]] [[1974]] al [[12 febbraio]] [[1976]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Aldo Moro]]
**Composizione del governo: DC, PRI

*[[Governo Moro V]]
**Dal [[12 febbraio]] [[1976]] al [[29 luglio]] [[1976]]
**[[Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri]]: [[Aldo Moro]]
**Composizione del governo: DC

==[[Presidenti della Camera dei deputati italiana|Presidente della Camera di Deputati]]==
*[[Alessandro Pertini]], PSI
**Dal [[25 maggio]] [[1972]] al [[4 luglio]] [[1976]]
==[[Presidenti del Senato italiano|Presidente del Senato]]==
*[[Amintore Fanfani]], DC
**Dal [[25 maggio]] [[1972]] al [[26 giugno]] [[1973]]
*[[Giovanni Spagnolli]], DC
**Dal [[27 giugno]] [[1973]] al [[4 luglio]] [[1976]]

== Voci correlate ==
* [[Legislature della Repubblica Italiana]]
* [[Senatori VI Legislatura]]
* [[Deputati VI Legislatura]]

{{LegislatureRepubblicaItaliana}}
[[categoria:Legislature della Repubblica Italiana|Legislatura 06]]

List of AS Roma managers

2007-03-06T17:05:19Z

Pap3rinik: changed Mario Varglien nationality: see de.wiki (born in Rijeka/Fiume, italian city at that time)

This is a complete '''list of [[Manager (football)|Managers]] of [[A.S. Roma]]'''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!style="width:20em"|Name!!Season as Manager!!Honours
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Luciano Spalletti]]|| [[Serie A 2006-07|2006-07]] [[Serie A 2005-06|2005-06]] ||[[Supercoppa Italiana]] Runners-up 2006-07 [[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 2005-06|2005-06]] [[Coppa Italia]] Runners-up [[Coppa Italia 2005-06|2005-06]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Bruno Conti]]||''[[Serie A 2004-05|2004-05]]'' ||[[Coppa Italia]] Runners-up [[Coppa Italia 2004-05|2004-05]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Luigi Del Neri]]||''[[Serie A 2004-05|2004-05]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rudi Völler]]||''[[Serie A 2004-05|2004-05]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} ''[[Cesare Prandelli]]''|| ''[[Serie A 2004-05|2004-05]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Fabio Capello]]||[[Serie A 2003-04|2003-04]] [[Serie A 2002-03|2002-03]] [[Serie A 2001-02|2001-02]] [[Serie A 2000-01|2000-01]] [[Serie A 1999-00|1999-00]] || [[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 2003-04|2003-04]] [[Coppa Italia]] Runners-up [[Coppa Italia 2002-03|2002-03]] [[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 2001-02|2001-02]] '''[[Supercoppa Italiana]] Winner 2001-02''' '''[[Serie A]] Winner [[Serie A 2000-01|2000-01]]'''
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Zdeněk Zeman]]||[[Serie A 1998-99|1998-99]] [[Serie A 1997-98|1997-98]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Nils Liedholm]] (4)||''[[Serie A 1996-97|1996-97]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Bianchi]]||''[[Serie A 1996-97|1996-97]]''||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Carlo Mazzone]]||[[Serie A 1995-96|1995-96]] [[Serie A 1994-95|1994-95]] [[Serie A 1993-94|1993-94]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} [[Vujadin Boskov]]||[[Serie A 1992-93|1992-93]] ||[[Coppa Italia]] Runners-up [[Coppa Italia 1992-93|1992-93]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ottavio Bianchi]]||[[Serie A 1991-92|1991-92]] [[Serie A 1990-91|1990-91]] ||[[Supercoppa Italiana]] Runners-up 1991-92 '''[[Coppa Italia]] Winner [[Coppa Italia 1990-91|1990-91]]''' [[UEFA Cup]] Runners-up [[UEFA Cup 1990-91|1990-91]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Luigi Radice]]||[[Serie A 1989-90|1989-90]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Nils Liedholm]] (3)||[[Serie A 1988-89|1988-89]] [[Serie A 1987-88|1987-88]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Angelo Benedicto Sormani]]||[[Serie A 1986-87|1986-87]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sven-Göran Eriksson]]||[[Serie A 1985-86|1985-86]] [[Serie A 1984-85|1984-85]] ||[[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 1985-86|1985-86]] '''[[Coppa Italia]] Winner [[Coppa Italia 1985-86|1985-86]]'''
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Nils Liedholm]] (2)||[[Serie A 1983-84|1983-84]] [[Serie A 1982-83|1982-83]] [[Serie A 1981-82|1981-82]] [[Serie A 1980-81|1980-81]] [[Serie A 1979-80|1979-80]] || [[European Cup]] Runners-up [[European Cup 1983-84|1983-84]] [[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 1983-84|1983-84]] '''[[Coppa Italia]] Winner [[Coppa Italia 1983-84|1983-84]]''' '''[[Serie A]] Winner [[Serie A 1982-83|1982-83]]''' [[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 1980-81|1980-81]] '''[[Coppa Italia]] Winner [[Coppa Italia 1980-81|1980-81]]''' '''[[Coppa Italia]] Winner [[Coppa Italia 1979-80|1979-80]]'''
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferruccio Valcareggi]]||''[[Serie A 1978-79|1978-79]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gustavo Giagnoni]]||''[[Serie A 1978-79|1978-79]]'' [[Serie A 1977-78|1977-78]]||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Nils Liedholm]] (1)||[[Serie A 1976-77|1976-77]] [[Serie A 1975-76|1975-76]] [[Serie A 1974-75|1974-75]] ''[[Serie A 1973-74|1973-74]]''||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Manlio Scompigno]]||''[[Serie A 1973-74|1973-74]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Antonio Trebicani]]||''[[Serie A 1972-73|1972-73]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Helenio Herrera]] (2)||''[[Serie A 1972-73|1972-73]]'' [[Serie A 1971-72|1971-72]] ||'''[[Anglo-Italian Cup]] Winner [[Anglo-Italian Cup 1971-72|1971-72]]'''
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Luciano Tessari]]||''[[Serie A 1970-71|1970-71]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Helenio Herrera]] (1)||''[[Serie A 1970-71|1970-71]]'' [[Serie A 1969-70|1969-70]] [[Serie A 1968-69|1968-69]] ||'''[[Coppa Italia]] Winner [[Coppa Italia 1968-69|1968-69]]'''
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Oronzo Pugliese]]||[[Serie A 1967-68|1967-68]] [[Serie A 1966-67|1966-67]] [[Serie A 1965-66|1965-66]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Juan Carlos Lorenzo]]||[[Serie A 1964-65|1964-65]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Luis Miró]]||''[[Serie A 1963-64|1963-64]]'' || '''[[Coppa Italia]] Winner [[Coppa Italia 1963-64|1963-64]]'''
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Naim Krieziu]]||''[[Serie A 1963-64|1963-64]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alfredo Foni]] (2)||''[[Serie A 1963-64|1963-64]]'' ''[[Serie A 1962-63|1962-63]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Luis Carniglia]]||''[[Serie A 1962-63|1962-63]]'' [[Serie A 1961-62|1961-62]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alfredo Foni]] (1)||[[Serie A 1960-61|1960-61]] [[Serie A 1959-60|1959-60]] || '''[[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]] Winner [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1960-61|1960-61]]'''
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[György Sarosi]] (2)||''[[Serie A 1958-59|1958-59]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Gunnar Nordahl]]||''[[Serie A 1958-59|1958-59]]'' ''[[Serie A 1957-58|1957-58]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|England}} [[Alen Stock]]||''[[Serie A 1957-58|1957-58]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Guido Masetti]] (2)||''[[Serie A 1956-57|1956-57]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[György Sarosi]] (1)||''[[Serie A 1956-57|1956-57]]'' ''[[Serie A 1955-56|1955-56]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|England}} [[Jasse Carver]]||''[[Serie A 1955-56|1955-56]]'' [[Serie A 1954-55|1954-55]] ''[[Serie A 1953-54|1953-54]]'' ||[[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 1954-55|1954-55]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Mario Varglien]]||''[[Serie A 1953-54|1953-54]]'' [[Serie A 1952-53|1952-53]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giuseppe Viani]]||[[Serie A 1951-52|1951-52]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Guido Masetti]] (1)||''[[Serie A 1950-51|1950-51]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pietro Serantoni]]||''[[Serie A 1950-51|1950-51]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Adolfo Balonceri]]||''[[Serie A 1950-51|1950-51]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Luigi Brunella]] (2)||''[[Serie A 1949-50|1949-50]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Fulvio Bernardini]]||''[[Serie A 1949-50|1949-50]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Luigi Brunella]] (1)||[[Serie A 1948-49|1948-49]] ''[[Serie A 1947-48|1947-48]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Imre Senky]]||''[[Serie A 1947-48|1947-48]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giovanni Degni]]||[[Serie A 1946-47|1946-47]] [[Serie A 1945-46|1945-46]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} ''[[Guido Masetti]]''|| ''no official tournament'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Geza Kertesz]]||''[[Serie A 1942-43|1942-43]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Alfred Schaffer]]||''[[Serie A 1942-43|1942-43]]'' [[Serie A 1941-42|1941-42]] [[Serie A 1940-41|1940-41]] ''[[Serie A 1939-40|1939-40]]'' || '''[[Serie A]] Winner [[Serie A 1941-42|1941-42]]''' [[Coppa Italia]] Runners-up [[Coppa Italia 1940-41|1940-41]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Guido Ara]]||''[[Serie A 1939-40|1939-40]]'' [[Serie A 1938-39|1938-39]] [[Serie A 1937-38|1937-38]] ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Luigi Barbesino]]||[[Serie A 1936-37|1936-37]] [[Serie A 1935-36|1935-36]] [[Serie A 1934-35|1934-35]] [[Serie A 1933-34|1933-34]] || [[Coppa Italia]] Runners-up [[Coppa Italia 1936-37|1936-37]] [[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 1935-36|1935-36]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Lajos Kovacs]]||''[[Serie A 1932-33|1932-33]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Janos Baar]]||''[[Serie A 1932-33|1932-33]]'' ''[[Serie A 1931-32|1931-32]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|England}} [[Herbert Burgess]]||''[[Serie A 1931-32|1931-32]]'' [[Serie A 1930-31|1930-31]] ''[[Serie A 1929-30|1929-30]]'' ||[[Serie A]] Runners-up [[Serie A 1930-31|1930-31]]
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Guido Baccani]]||''[[Serie A 1929-30|1929-30]]'' ||-
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|England}} [[William Garbutt]]||[[Serie A 1928-29|1928-29]] [[Serie A 1927-28|1927-28]] ||
|}

==References==
* [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associazione_Sportiva_Roma/Rose_del_passato Italian Wikipedia]

{{AS Roma}}

[[Category:A.S. Roma managers]]

Kunsthaus Tacheles

2007-01-03T12:53:44Z

Pap3rinik: /* Origin of the Name */ typo

[[Image:Kunsthaus Tacheles wall.png|thumb|One of Kunsthaus Tacheles walls. The graffiti says "Where is Captain Nemo?"]]
The '''Kunsthaus Tacheles''' is a former department store which now houses a self-organized collective of artists on [[Oranienburger Straße]] in [[Berlin-Mitte]].

==Origin of the Name==
The word "Tacheles" ([[Yiddish]] word for "Clear text") is based on censorship problems in the [[DDR]]. As a result of limited freedom of speech, musicians, directors and artists were not permitted to openly express themselves, and they were forced to conceal the true message of the work. The use of the yiddish is probably a result of the building's location in the old Jewish quarter (now the [[Scheunenviertel]]).

==History==
===Friedrichstraßenpassage===
The building was constructed over the course of 15 months in [[1907]] and [[1908]] under the watch of the imperial building officer (''kaiserlicher Baurat'') [[Franz Ahrens]]. One year later it was opened as the Friedrichstraßenpassage, which housed several small businesses.
At the time, the building complex stretched from Friedrichstraße to Oranienburger Straße. The passage had entrances from both sides and served to connect the two main thoroughfares. The Friedrichstraßenpassage was the second largest of its kind in the city and the only remaining piece of large passage architecture in Europe. The construction expenses totaled approximately 7 million [[German mark]]s.

The five-story building was made of [[reinforced concrete]] with a colossal ribbed dome. The façade was built to be dependent upon this concrete frame. There were several small businesses on both sides of the large covered passage. The building is typically treated as an example of early Modern architecture but exhibits aspects of both [[Classic]] and [[Gothic]] styles. The complex also housed its own [[pneumatic tube]] system for sending mail and materials within the building.

A group of individual shareholders hoped to establish a market advantage by capitalizing on a common location. The concept meant that stores would not be strictly separated from one another, but would instead be allowed to overlap. This was enabled by the existence of a central point-of-sale terminal, where all customers would pay for their goods. But a mere 6 months after its opening the passage had to file for bankruptcy in August 1908. The complex was then rented by [[Wolf Wertheim]], who in [[1909]] opened a new department store, which operated until 1914. The building was auctioned off shortly before [[World War I]].

It is unclear how the building was used between 1914 and 1924. In 1924, among other additions to the building, a deep cellar was built. This cellar still exists today and is also known as the ''Tresorraum''. The height of the ceiling in the passage was lowered to that of the stores, which changed the appearance of the building completely.

===Haus der Technik===
After 1928 the building was used as a show room by the [[Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft]] (General Electric Company). It was renamed ''Haus der Technik'' by the proprietor, the ''Berliner Commerz- und Privatbank''. The AEG used the space to display products and advise customers. The former AEG show room, located at Luisenstraße 35, had been destroyed by a fire on September 15, 1927. The new space covered over 113,000 sq. ft (10,500 sq. meters) and used 20 large display cases. One of the first German television transmissions took place here during the 1930s.

===Use by the [[NSDAP]] (National Socialist German Workers' Party)===
In the early 1930s, the building was increasingly used by [[Nazi]] party members. In the mid-30s, the [[German Workers Front]] established offices for [[Gau Kurmark]] and became owners of the building in 1941. At the same time it became the central office for the [[SS]].

In 1943 the skylights were closed and the corresponding ridge turrets removed, so that [[France|French]] war prisoners could be held in the attic. During the [[Battle of Berlin]] the second cellar was flooded by the Nazis and remains underwater to day. The building was heavily damaged during [[World War II]], though a large portion of the building survived intact.

===Use in the DDR===
In 1948 the building was taken over by the [[Free German Trade Union Federation]] (FDGB) and deteriorated over the course of the next several years. Various retailers and craft businesses temporarily moved into the ruins, especially on the Friedrichstraße side. The German Travel Agency used the repaired passage section and several floors above ground. Among others, there was an artists' school, a technical school for foreign trade and economics, and office spaces for ''RTF'' (Rundfunk- und Fernmelde-Technik), a company dealing with radio and transmission technology. The cellar was used by the [[National People's Army]].

The movie theater ''Camera'' was located in the Friedrichstraße gateway area, but was forced to leave in 1958 due to the worsening condition of the building. The presentation hall was dismantled, but was later reopened under the name ''OTL'' (Oranienburger Tor Lichtspiele). During the reconstruction work the facade was partially changed and a lobby area was built to house cash registers and checkout aisles. The roof was also rebuilt. This created the current entryway. The movie theater is still used today as a theater area, and after further reconstruction in 1972, it was renamed ''Camera''.

===Demolition===
Though having suffered only moderate damage during the second World War, the building was slated to be demolished as a result of two engineering opinions from 1969 and 1977; it had not once been renovated, despite relatively continuous and intensive use. A new street was planned on the site and would have created a shortcut between Oranienburger Straße and Friedrichstraße.

The [[demolition]] began in 1980. The dome was torn down and the movie theater closed. The remaining portions of the building were scheduled to be demolished in April 1990.

===Artists' Initiative Tacheles===
On February 13th, 1990, two months before the planned detonation, the group ''Künstlerinitative Tacheles'' occupied the building. The group tried to prevent the demolition through discussions with the building management in Berlin-Mitte, which was legally responsible for the complex, by registering the building as an historic place. The planned demolition was not delayed however, until the group managed to get the Berlin Round Table to issue a last-minute injunction.

The artists' initiative had a new engineering survey done to evaluate the building's structural integrity. The study found that the building was in surprisingly good shape, and it was named an historic landmark shortly thereafter. Its status was officially recognized after a second survey done in February 1992.

The building is painted in bright colors and a large courtyard behind the building holds several sculptures erected using rubble, debris, vehicles and other objects. There was an appreciable amount of disagreement among the [[East German]] and [[West German]] artists due to their conflicting views and concepts for the space. In the meantime, however, Tacheles has become a central part of the art, activist, exhibition and communication scenes in Berlin, and is a officiallz registered as ''Tacheles, e.V.''. In 1996 and 1997, politicians, sociologists, architects, and artists discussed the preservation and future use of the complex at ''Metropolis Berlin, Hochgeschwindigkeitsarchitektur'' (Metropolis Berlin, High Speed Architecture).

==Present Use==
The '''Kunsthaus Tacheles''' is an art center and nightclub that was opened in [[East Berlin]] after the [[Berlin Wall]] came down in the spring of 1990. Tacheles is a large (9000 square meter) building on [[Oranienburger Strasse|Oranienburger Straße]] in the district known as [[Mitte]]. The exterior of the building was damaged from shelling in [[World War II]], and much of the damage was never repaired. Huge, colorful graffiti-style murals are painted on the exterior walls, and modern art sculptures are featured inside.

Tacheles was originally occupied by a number of international artists, performers and musicians before becoming an art centre with a cafe, cinema, performance space, workshops and exhibition space. In the beginning it was run by well-known curator [[Jochen Sandig]] who expanded the building considerably. In its early days, Tacheles provided both housing and work space for its artist residents. In 1991, the associated housing burnt down, and there was considerable suspicion that the fire was started deliberately in order to pave the way for a new art centre. Among the early exhibitors were artist [[Mark Divo]], sculptors the [[Mutoid Waste Company]], musicians [[Spiral Tribe]], theatre group [[DNTT]], performance artist [[Lennie Lee]], dancer/ choreographer [[Sasha Waltz]], [[Ramm Theater]], and many others.

Tacheles provided inspiration for a scene in the German film ''[[Good Bye Lenin!]]'', according to commentary by director [[Wolfgang Becker]] on the US DVD release.

==External links==

*[http://www.tacheles.de/ Tacheles official website]
*[http://www.bushtrash.com/bilder/tacheles/tacheles.htm Pictures and History]
*[http://www.woerterfuerberlin.de/projekt_wahl_archiv.php?pID=7 Tacheles]
*[http://www.cafe-zapata.de/ Cafe Zapata]
*[http://www.bushtrash.com/ Artist's website]
*[http://www.lennielee.com Lennie Lee]
*[http://www.tacheles.org/ Klezmer goes Rock, Jazz, HipHop!]
*[http://www.galeriabezdomna.art.pl/en/index.php?idz=wystawy&nr=30 Exhibitions]
*[http://www.neuemassenproduktion.de/aktionen.html Film events]
*[http://berlindiary.wordpress.com/ A Berlin diary]
*[http://www.goethe.de/ins/cn/prj/idas/the/int/de205931.htm Goethe Institute]
*[http://www.magazine-deutschland.de/magazin/J-Kunstszene_2-05.php Art scene Berlin]

{{Commons|Kunsthaus Tacheles}}

{{coor title dms|52|31|32|N|13|23|19|E|region:DE-BE_type:landmark}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Berlin]]
[[Category:squats]]

[[de:Kunsthaus Tacheles]]
[[sr:Umetnička kuća Taheles]]

Wilhelm von Tegetthoff

2006-12-05T10:54:57Z

Pap3rinik: /* Notes */ +it.wiki link

[[Image:Tegetthoff-lithographie.jpg|thumb|Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, a lithography by [[Joseph Kriehuber]], [[1866]]]]
'''Wilhelm Freiherr von Tegetthoff''' ([[December 23]], [[1827]] – [[April 7]], [[1871]]) was an Austrian [[admiral]]. Considered one of the prominent naval commanders of the [[19th century]], Tegetthoff was known for his innovative tactics as well as his inspirational leadership.

==Early life and career==
Tegetthoff was born in Marburg ([[Maribor]], in present day [[Slovenia]]), [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]], in [[Austria]], on 23 December [[1827]]. Entering the [[Marinecollegium]] (naval academy) in [[Venice]] on 23 July [[1845]], Tegetthoff was present as a cadet in Venice during the early stages of the [[The Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states|Italian Revolution in 1848–1849]] before earning a commission on a [[ship of the line]] upon his graduation on 16 April [[1849]]. Taking part in the Austrian blockade of Venice from May to August [[1849]], Tegetthoff was promoted to [[Lieutenant]] on 16 June [[1851]] and to [[Lieutenant Commander]] on 16 November [[1852]]. In December [[1857]] Tegetthoff became a [[staff officer]] and was appointed [[Commander]] on 27 April [[1860]]. He was promoted to [[Captain]] on 23 November [[1861]], and in [[1862]] he was given command of the [[Levant Squadron]].

==Second war of Schleswig and the Seven Weeks' War==
[[Image:Anton Romako 001.jpg|thumb|240px|Tegethoff (centre) at the Battle of Lissa, painting by [[Anton Romako]]]]
During the [[Second war of Schleswig]], Tegetthoff was given command, in February 1864, of a small Austrian squadron that sailed to the North Sea to support the very weak [[Prussia]]n naval forces against the superior Danish navy which was blockading northern German ports. He was engaged by a Danish squadron commanded by [[Edouard Suenson]] at the [[Battle of Heligoland]], in which Tegetthoff's flagship, the screw frigate ''[[Schwarzenberg]]'', caught fire, forcing the Austrians and Prussians to withdraw to neutral waters around the then-British island of [[Heligoland]].

Winning his [[Flag Officer|admiral's flag]] for his efforts at Helgoland, Tegetthoff was appointed commander-in-chief of the Austro-Hungarian fleet as a [[Rear Admiral]] on 9 May [[1866]], shortly before the war against [[Italy]]. Although the Italian fleet was larger and more powerful, Tegetthoff decided to engage it after a successful reconnaissance of the Italian base of [[Ancona]] on 27 June [[1866]].

With their army suffering defeats against the Austrians during the first week of the war from 20 to 27 June [[1866]], the Italians sought a victory over the Austrian navy by sending their fleet against the Austrian naval base at [[Battle of Lissa (1866)|Lissa]], off the coast of [[Dalmatia]] near Spàlato ([[Split]]) on 16 July [[1866]]. Encountering the Italian fleet early on the morning of 19 July [[1866]], Tegetthoff sailed straight for the center of the Italian fleet, hoping to ram the ships to make up for his own fleet's lack of firepower. The smoke from the Italian ships made visibility very poor, however, and the Austrians missed the Italian fleet completely. Swinging around, Tegetthoff again charged, this time setting two Italian armored ships on fire and damaging several more.

After Tegetthoff's flagship, the ''[[Erzherzog Ferdinand Max]]'', rammed and sank the armored Italian [[frigate]] ''[[Re d'Italia]]'', the Italian fleet retreated the next day. Tegetthoff returned in triumph to his base at [[Pola]] ([[Pula]]). Nevertheless, his victory did not materially affect the outcome of the war, as Italy emerged victorious.

==Late years==
In 1868 Tegetthoff became Chief of the Naval Section in the War Ministry. Despite considerable resistance from the General Staff, he vigorously pursued a complete reform of the Austrian navy.

Tegetthoff died suddenly from pneumonia at the age of 43, in [[Trieste]], on 7 April [[1871]].

== See also ==
* [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] — the Navy following the 1867 ''[[Ausgleich]]'', which created the [[Austria-Hungary|Dual Monarchy]]
* [[SMS Tegetthoff|SMS ''Tegetthoff'']] — Austro-Hungarian dreadnought battleship
* [[Battle of Lissa (1866)|Battle of Lissa]] for at more detailed description of his most famous sea battle.

== Further reading ==
* Anthony Sokol, ''The Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Navy'', Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute, 1968.

==Notes==
* {{German title Freiherr}}
* A column with a bronze statue of Tegetthoff on top stands at the [[Praterstern]] in [[Vienna]].

[[Category:Austro-Hungarian Navy officers|Tegetthoff, Wilhelm von]]
[[Category:Admirals|Tegetthoff, Wilhelm von]]
[[Category:Austrian nobility|Tegetthoff, Wilhelm von]]
[[Category:1827 births|Tegetthoff, Wilhelm von]]
[[Category:1871 deaths|Tegetthoff, Wilhelm von]]

[[cs:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]
[[de:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]
[[fr:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]
[[it:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]
[[lv:Vilhelms fon Tegethofs]]
[[hu:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]
[[nl:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]
[[sl:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]
[[sr:Вилхелм фон Тегетоф]]
[[sh:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]]

Maria Reiche

2006-11-20T12:08:51Z

Pap3rinik: fix (see es.wiki) +it.wiki

'''Maria Reiche''' (1903-1998) was a [[Germany|German]]-born [[mathematician]] and [[archaeologist]] who is famous for her research in the [[Nazca lines]] in [[Peru]].

Maria Reiche was born [[May 15]] [[1903]] in [[Dresden]]. She studied mathematics, geography and languages at the [[Dresden Technical University]].

In 1932 she began work as a [[nanny]] and [[teacher]] for the children of a German [[consul]] in [[Cusco|Cuzco]], [[Peru]]. In 1934 she lost one of her fingers to [[gangrene]]. The same year she became a teacher in [[Lima]] and did scientific translations. When the [[World War II]] broke out, she decided not to return to Germany.

In 1940 she became an assistant of an American archaeologist [[Paul Kosok]] who had discovered the Nazca lines. Around 1946 she began to map the figures in Nazca. When Kosok left in 1948 she continued the work and mapped the area.

Reiche theorized that the builders of the lines used them as a sun [[calendar]] and an [[observatory]] for [[astronomical cycle]]s. Because the lines can be clearly seen only from above, she convinced the [[Peruvian Air Force]] to help her with photographic surveys. She spent most of her time alone in her home in Nazca. She explained her theories in the book ''The Mystery of the Desert'' and used the profits from the book to campaign for the preservation of the desert and to hire guards and assistants.

Reiche wanted to preserve the Nazca lines from the encroaching traffic - the area is near the [[Pan American Highway]] - and various government schemes, and spent most of her money in the effort. She convinced the government to restrict public access to the area. She had a tower built near the highway so that visitors could see more of the lines. In 1993 she received a Medal of Merit in the Degree of Great Cross and became a Peruvian citizen in 1994. [[UNESCO]] declared the lines a [[world heritage site]] in 1995.

Reiche's health deteriorated over the years. She was confined to a [[wheelchair]], suffered from skin ailments, and lost her sight. In her later years she also suffered from [[Parkinson's disease]].

Marie Reiche died of ovarian [[cancer]] on [[June 8]], [[1998]] in an air force hospital in Lima. Reiche was buried near Nazca with official honors. Her former home has been turned into a museum.

==External links==
*[http://www.labyrinthina.com/mariareiche.htm ''Maria Reiche - the Nazca Lines Theory'' in Labyrinthina.com]

[[Category:Archaeologists|Reiche, Maria]]
[[Category:Peruvian archaeologists|Reiche, Maria]]

[[de:Maria Reiche]]
[[es:María Reiche]]
[[it:Maria Reiche]]
[[ja:マリア・ライヒェ]]
[[nl:Maria Reiche]]
[[sv:Maria Reiche]]
[[zh:玛丽亚·雷施]]

Talk:AS Roma

2006-08-30T17:03:08Z

Pap3rinik: /* Mirko Vucinic and Lee Young-Pyo in AS Roma? */ re:about Lee Young-Pyo

AS Roma is one of the best clubs in Italy and is followed by millions of supporters worldwide.

They boast a wide variety of talented players through out the ages. None more than Francessco Totti. The eternal golden boy of the Romanista and the Italy, his ingenious vision for the game, he is able to play the ball to his playmates in patterns that seem inconcievable to even some of the world's finest. Add his powerful shot and his natural leadership makes him one of the most covetable players in the world.

Roma has won the scudetto 3 times even though it is not run by one of the rich companies that often finance other northern clubs like AC Milan, Inter Milan and Juventus. This club is very loyal to it's fans and they have a rich history with supporting the team.

Roma also compltely overshadows the other roman team that wears blue. SS Lazio tries their best to compete with us, but they aren't just good enough and some people just never know when to quit.

Roma's colors are Red and Yellow which refer to the colors of Gillarossi. Their symbol is a mother wolf feeding Regalus and Ramos. Roma plays at the Olympic stadium and their training headquarters are at the Trigora

== Translation ==

I thought it would be better if I took the Roma article from the italian wikipedia and just translated it to english and replaced this article...the italian version is quite extensive and would do us romanisti proud, as no other football club on english wikipedia would have such an awesome article...sangue e oro per sempre <3

*Uhmmm do you want a propaganda piece for the club or do you want something remotely factual?

I'll weed out anything blatant..its really not that bad though

I'm having some problems getting things arranged properly ... the table of contents needs to be higher up, and the text needs to wrap around the "list of presidents" table a little better. Any help would be great :)

==UEFA Cup Match==

Why were they dressed as clowns for the UEFA cup match against middlesborough? as seen [http://www.gazzetta.it/Hermes%20Foto/2006/03/14/0IVVRDHP--280x190.jpg here] with their brightly, but differently coloured sleeves, I find it difficult to take them seriously....[[User:Philc_0780|Philc]] [[User talk:Philc_0780|T]]+[[Special:contributions/Philc_0780|C]] 22:29, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
: You're late for April's Fool day. And even later for Carnival. Thanks for existing.--[[User:Panairjdde|Panairjdde]] 00:33, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
:: Eh? I was serious, even if they're not actually dressed as clowns, that what they look like to me, ther kit is ridiculous, and I was wondering which kit it was, as it doesnt match any of the Strips I can find. With their main strip being red, their second strip being white, and ther third orange, what is this strip that appears to be a mixture of all three!? [[User:Philc_0780|Philc]] [[User talk:Philc_0780|T]]+[[Special:contributions/Philc_0780|C]] 00:57, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
::: It's just the team jersey for the UEFA Cup. Anyway, Wikipedia is not a forum, so please stop talking about this rubbish, and let's be involved on articles. --[[User:Angelo.romano|Angelo]] 01:26, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

==Leandro Greco==

Is Leandro Greco still on AS Roma? I've verified he was on the roster for the 04-05 season and was a sub in one game, but he's not even on the official site's roster for 05-06: [http://www.asroma.it/LaSquadraList.aspx La Squadra] There also doesn't appear to be a picture of him anywhere online, unless I'm missing an accent or something like that. I can't find anything on him. Though this site appears to say he was in two [[Coppa Italia]] games as a sub: [http://www.gazzetta.it/speciali/statistiche/2006/giocatori/greco_lea.shtml Yahoo IT] This is the only player I haven't found on the rosters on any fan sites or official sites so far. 
--[[User:KingPenguin|KingPenguin]] 01:17, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
:He is currently playing for AS Roma's ''primavera'' youth squad: [http://www.asroma.it/GiovaniliList.aspx?Categoria=22] --[[User:Angelo.romano|Angelo]] 17:04, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

==Mirko Vučinić==

[[Mirko Vučinić]] has been transfered to A.S. Roma for £5.54m. [[http://www.footballtransfers.net Football Transfers]]

[[User:Stitchface|Kal]] 03:45, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

:The edit I made was changed even with link to source. Vandalism or incompitence?

::I have to stress the fact that this tranfer seems to be higly possible, but not really completed: no italian sport site, nor newspaper, nor tv/radio sport report, nor Roma or Lecce blog or supporter' site, nor official sites have yet confirmed - after ten days - this transfer; instead they are continuing to speak about it in terms of "possibility" and "future". Please note that, since [[AS Roma]] quotes are negotiated on the [[Borsa Italiana|italian stock market]], the club must promptly declare any player acquisition (in the past, the main channel for such advices beeing the AS Roma official site). Ciao :-) -- [[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[:it:Discussioni utente:Pap3rinik|talk]]) 10:57, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

==More Transfers==

[[David Pizarro]], [[Raffaele Longo]], [[Gianluca Comotto]], and one youth player have new transfer status with Roma according to [http://www.channel4.com/sport/football_italia/aug19g.html this source]. Make sure you read the bottom paragraph for the other players than Pizarro. -[[User:KingPenguin|KingPenguin]] 02:26, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

==Someone is changing the team==
Wikipedia is an encyclopedia,not a "create your team",and there are people that don´t have a profile,are messing the team,and if AS Roma updated the site a few days ago,and who is Pietro Pippolo?Is a young player?Because he´s profile doesn´t make part in the oficial team on the website!

==Mirko Vucinic and Lee Young-Pyo in AS Roma?==
Where does this information come from? I heard about the transfer of Marko Vucinic,but in Lee Young-Pyo´s case i only can tell that it´s a lie. --[[User:Tiago Heitor|Tiago Heitor]] 21:33, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

ok Tiago fagman there are many sources about lee young pyo. its not a lie. if you really cared about the club you would know this information and not just be sitting on your lazy ass monitoring this wikipedia page.
http://www.goal.com/en/articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=118078

Calmdown,there is no need to start insulting people,estás a entender,nao sejas palhaço!!!Maybe if he is linked with AS Roma,this is rubbish information,because its not confirmed yet and could not go on,and due to the fact that this is an encyclopedia...Next thing,if you want to do this tipe of things,subscribe Wikipedia,don´t be a coward without a name!You don´t have to pay,you can edit watever you want to edit(except if you vandalise the pages) without be reversed,and we could discuss this like men!!!And yes,i like AS Roma,that´s why i care with the article and rubbish information(so far)that some people put there. --[[User:Tiago Heitor|Tiago Heitor]] 11:08, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
:The transfer of [[Mirko Vučinić]] is now official: see [http://www.asroma.it/NewsDoc.aspx?Categoria=ITComunicatiFinanziari&Documento=6251 here] or [http://www.asroma.it/UserFiles/597.pdf the [[pdf]]] on [[AS Roma]] official site. No words on the same site for Lee Young-Pyo, thus I guess these are only rumors. Ciao -- [[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[:it:Discussioni Utente:Pap3rinik|talk]]) 15:37, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

::It ends up it was a huge lie, since Roma was interested in another Totthenam defender, [[Rodrigo Defendi]] (''nomen omen''). Luckyly we did not get this Korean def.--[[User:BaldClarke|BaldClarke]] 16:38, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
::Thanks! --[[User:Tiago Heitor|Tiago Heitor]] 17:00, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

:::Actually this message has been posted on AS Roma official site about the Lee Young-Pyo case:
{{Cquote2|quotetext=L’accordo era stato perfezionato, in tutti i suoi dettagli, sia con il Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Co Ltd., che con il procuratore di Lee, Mr Kim; quando tutto era definito, anche l’orario delle visite mediche, inaspettatamente e senza motivo alcuno, il calciatore ha detto di non volere più il trasferimento alla Roma, adducendo ragioni personali di natura religiosa. A questo punto , pur con grande sorpresa, la società ha preso atto e rispettato la decisione del calciatore.|personquoted=Mr. Daniele Pradè ([[AS Roma]] DS) on [[August 30]] [[2006]]|quotesource=(http://www.asroma.it/NewsDoc.aspx?Categoria=ITArchivioNews&Documento=6249)|quotewidth=10px|quoteheight=10px}}
{{Cquote2|quotetext=A detailed agreement had been concluded, both with [[Tottenham Hotspur|Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Co Ltd.]] and with Mr. Lee manager, Mr Kim; when everything was defined - even the medical check-up schedule - unexpectedly and without any apparent reason the player declared his unavailability to be transferred to [[AS Roma]], claiming personal religious reasons. Subsequently, and not without any surprise, the AS Roma took into account and respected the palyer decision.|personquoted=Mr. Daniele Pradè ([[AS Roma]] DS) on [[August 30]] [[2006]]|quotesource=free transaltion by [[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]]|quotewidth=10px|quoteheight=10px}}
:::-- [[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[:it:Discussioni Utente:Pap3rinik|talk]]) 17:03, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Talk:AS Roma

2006-08-30T15:37:15Z

Pap3rinik: /* Mirko Vucinic and Lee Young-Pyo in AS Roma? */ re

User talk:Stitchface

2006-08-30T15:32:48Z

Pap3rinik: /* Mirko Vučinić */ now official

==<center>[[Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|Welcome]]</center>==
{{User:Who/Welcomed}}
<div style="padding: 5px; background: #C0C0C0; border: 1px solid #39f;">
<big>Welcome to [[Wikipedia]]</big>, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good [[Wikipedia:Your first article|start]]. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of [[Wikipedia:Wikipediholic|Wikipediholics]]!

You may wish to review the [[Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome page]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|tutorial]], and [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|stylebook]], as well as the [[Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes|avoiding common mistakes]] and [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|Wikipedia is not]] pages.

Here are some helpful links:
*[[Wikipedia:Merge]], for information about merging, renaming and moving pages.
*[[Wikipedia:WP|Wikipedia directory]] is also quite useful.
*[[Wikipedia:New user log|Meet other new users]] You may want to add yourself to the Wikipedia new user log.
*[[Wikipedia:Changing attribution for an edit|Assign edits to your username]] from before you registered.
*[[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|'''Be Bold!''']]
*[[Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers|Don't let grumpy users scare you off.]]
*[[Wikipedia:Wikiquette|Play nice with others]]
*[[Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!]]
*[[Wikipedia:User page|Tell us about you]]
*[[Special:Upload|How to upload files]] and [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags|image copyright tags]].

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]], simply type four [[tilde|tildes]], like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my [[User talk:Searchme|talk page]] :) </div>
[[User:Searchme|Joe I]] 03:41, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

==Tour de Frankfort==
Another Illinoisan! I'm familiar with the Frankfort area. My Ma and Pa grew up in [[Mokena, Illinois|Mokena]] and [[New Lenox, Illinois|New Lenox]], respectively, and still have family in the area. And last year, I took a bike trip from [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]] to [[Starved Rock State Park|Starved Rock]] along the [[Illinois and Michigan Canal|I&M Canal]]. I'd definitely recommend the trip to others.

I also saw that you got the rest of your Tour photos up on Commons. Nice job. --[[User:Mindfrieze|Mindfrieze]] 17:33, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

== [[Mirko Vučinić]] ==

Hi {{PAGENAME}},

I'm wondering whether you had any source for [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirko_Vu%C4%8Dini%C4%87&diff=70037267&oldid=68918328 this edit]. Since I'm trying to find one to confirm the same edit on it.wiki, but not managing to (nor the AS Roma or US Lecce official sites mention such a transfer nor any of the italian sport portals nor a [[google search]] gave any result), it would be great if you could show me where you found the information. Regards. -- [[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[:it:Utente:Pap3rinik|it:Pap3rinik]])([[:it:Discussioni Utente:Pap3rinik|it:talk]]) 22:19, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

:I have posted a link in the [[A.S. Roma]] page already. -- [[User:Stitchface|Kal]] 16:05, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
::Hi Kal,
::yes, eventually I found the link. But I have to stress the fact that your assertion ''"[The] site is always correct and they do not report transfers unless they have went through entirly"'' - at least this time - looks to be untrue. No italian sport site, nor newspaper, nor tv/radio sport report, nor Roma or Lecce blog or supporter' site, nor official sites have yet confirmed - after ten days - this transfer; instead they are continuing to speak about it in terms of "possibility" and "future". Please take note that, since [[AS Roma]] quotes are negotiated on the [[Borsa Italiana|italian stock market]], the club must promptly declare any player acquisition (in the past, the main channel for such advices beeing the AS Roma official site). Thus this transfer seems to be higly possible, but not really completed. Please use [[:it:Discussioni utente:Pap3rinik|my talk on it.wiki]] for your reply, since I don't check the en. one frequently. Ciao :-) -- [[User:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] 10:51, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
:::Hi Kal,
:::the transfer is now official: see [http://www.asroma.it/NewsDoc.aspx?Categoria=ITComunicatiFinanziari&Documento=6251 here] or [http://www.asroma.it/UserFiles/597.pdf the [[pdf]]] on [[AS Roma]] official site. Ciao -- [[:it:Utente:Pap3rinik|Pap3rinik]] ([[:it:Discussioni Utente:Pap3rinik|talk]]) 15:32, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Talk:AS Roma

2006-08-25T10:57:52Z

Pap3rinik: /* Mirko Vučinić */ re

User talk:Stitchface

2006-08-25T10:51:07Z

Pap3rinik: /* Mirko Vučinić */ re

Il Sole 24 Ore

2006-08-25T10:47:47Z

Pap3rinik: fix external link

{{Infobox_Newspaper |
name = [[Image:Sole24Ore.gif|centre|]] |
image = |
type = Daily [[newspaper]] |
format = [[Broadsheet]] |
foundation = [[November 9]], [[1965]] |
owners = [[Confindustria]] |
political = [[Liberalism]] |
headquarters = Via Monte Rosa 91, [[Milan]] |
editor = [[Ferruccio de Bortoli]] |
website = [http://www.ilsole24ore.com/ www.ilsole24ore.com] |
}}

'''''Il Sole 24 ore''''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] daily business [[newspaper]].

It was founded on [[November 9]], [[1965]] as a merger between '''''Il Sole''''', founded in [[1865]], and '''''24 ore''''', founded in [[1946]]. Newspaper main headquarter is located in [[Milan]]. Total circulation is about 390,000.

==The newspaper==
'''''Il Sole 24 ore''''' reports on business, politics, commercial and labour law news, corporate news and features extensive share and financial product listings on a separate daily supplement: ''Finanza e Mercati''.

The newspaper publishes a wide range of weekly supplements like:

*Domenica: published on Sunday it covers art, literature, philosophy, theater, cinema books reviews and events;

*Plus: published on Saturday it's a supplement about family saving, markets analysis, real estate market news, private investment topics;

*Nòva 24: scientific and technological supplement published on Thursday.

Several reports about a specific issue like a business sector are published sometimes on different supplements sold with the main newspaper.

==Facts==
*Circulation: 390,000;
*Subscriptions: 170,000;
*Readership: 1,200,000;
*Editorial bureaux: 13 national, 8 international.

==The information integrated system==
'''''Il Sole 24 Ore''''' is not only a newspaper, but an integrated information system too. The system is based on:

*[[Radio24]]: a news/talks fm/online radio channel;
*Il Sole 24 ORE Radiocor: business and financial news agency;
*ventiquattrore.tv: a tv business channel;
*ilsole24ore.com: the online newspaper.

The company provides professional services like: software, data access, professional business books and handbooks, classes, real time services.

==External links==
*[http://www.ilsole24ore.com/ Official Site]

{{Italian Newspapers}}

[[Category:1965 establishments|Il Sole 24 Ore]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Italy|Il Sole 24 Ore]]

[[fr:Il Sole 24 Ore]]
[[it:Il Sole 24 Ore]]
[[nl:Il Sole 24 Ore]]

User talk:Stitchface

2006-08-17T22:19:46Z

Pap3rinik: Mirko Vučinić

User:Pap3rinik

2006-08-05T23:06:44Z

Pap3rinik: +babelfish