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William Golding

2012-10-10T00:16:27Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = William Golding
| image = William Golding 1983.jpg
| caption = Golding in 1983
| birth_name = William Gerald Golding
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Newquay]], Cornwall, England, UK
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|6|19|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, England, UK
| occupation = Writer of novels, plays and poems
| nationality = English
| period =
| Alma mater = [[Oxford University]]
| genre = [[Survivalism in fiction|Survivalist fiction]], [[robinsonade]], [[Adventure (genre)|adventure]], sea story, [[science fiction]], essay, [[historical fiction]], stageplay, poetry
| notableworks = ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1980}} {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1983}}
| influences = [[Jules Verne]], [[John Milton]], [[H. G. Wells]]
| influenced = [[Stephen King]], [[Greg F. Gifune]], [[Jyoti Guptara]], [[Suresh Guptara]]
| signature = William_Golding_signature.jpg
}}
'''Sir William Gerald Golding''', [[Commander of the British Empire|CBE]] (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, poet, playwright and [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] laureate, best known for his novel ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. He was also awarded the [[Booker Prize]] for literature in 1980 for his novel ''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'', the first book of the trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]''.

Having been appointed a CBE in 1966, Golding was knighted by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] at [[Buckingham Palace]] in 1988.<ref>[http://www.william-golding.co.uk/life--photos/awards.aspx William Golding: Awards]. William Golding.co.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2012</ref><ref name="Lambert"/> In 2008, ''[[The Times]]'' ranked Golding third on their list of "The 50 greatest [[British literature|British writers]] since 1945".<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The 50 greatest British writers since 1945]. ''The Times'' (5 January 2008). Retrieved on 1 February 2010.</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
William Golding was born in his grandmother's house, 47 Mountwise, [[Newquay]], Cornwall<ref name=ODNB>Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], [[Oxford University Press]], Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079 accessed 13 Nov 2007]</ref> and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in [[Marlborough, Wiltshire]], where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at [[St John's School and Community College|Marlborough Grammar School]] (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught.<ref>(Which should not be confused with [[Marlborough College]], the nearby "public" boarding school).</ref> His mother, Mildred (Curnroe),<ref>[http://www.gradesaver.com/author/william-golding/ Biography of William Golding | List of Works, Study Guides & Essays]. GradeSaver. Retrieved on 2012-07-28.</ref> kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] as an undergraduate at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose College]], where he read [[Natural Sciences]] for two years before transferring to [[English Literature]].<ref>Carey, pp. 41, 49</ref>

Golding took his B.A. (Hons) Second Class in the summer of 1934, and later that year his first book, ''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'', was published in London by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan & Co]], through the help of his Oxford friend, the [[anthroposophy|anthroposophist]] Adam Bittleston.

===Marriage and family===
Golding married Ann Brookfield, an analytic chemist,<ref name="bloom">{{cite book |title=William Golding's Lord of the flies; Bloom's modern critical interpretations |pages=161–165 |author=Harold Bloom |isbn=0-7910-9826-5 |year=2008 |publisher=Infobase Publishing}}</ref>{{Rp|page=161}} on 30 September 1939 and they had two children, Judy and David.<ref name="ODNB"/>

===War service===
William Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940.<ref>Raychel Haugrud Reiff, ''William Golding: Lord of the Flies'', page 58 (Marshall Cavendish, 2010). ISBN 978-0-7614-4276-9</ref> During [[World War II]], Golding fought in the [[Royal Navy]] (on board a destroyer) briefly involved in the pursuit and sinking of the German battleship [[German battleship Bismarck|''Bismarck'']]. He also participated in the invasion of [[Normandy]] on [[D-Day]], commanding a [[landing ship]] that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches, and then in a naval action at [[Walcheren]] in which 23 out of 24 assault craft were sunk.<ref>{{cite book| last=Mortimer | first=John | authorlink=John Mortimer| title=Character Parts| location=London| publisher=Penguin | year=1986| isbn=0-14-008959-4}}</ref> At the war's end, he returned to teaching and writing.<ref name=ODNB/>

===Death===
In 1985, Golding and his wife moved to [[Tullimaar House]] at [[Perranarworthal]], near [[Truro]], Cornwall, where he died of heart failure, eight years later, on 19 June 1993.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} He was buried in the village churchyard at [[Bowerchalke]], South Wiltshire (near the Hampshire and Dorset county boundaries). He left the draft of a novel, ''[[The Double Tongue]]'', set in [[Delphi|ancient Delphi]], which was published posthumously.<ref name="Lambert">{{cite news| author=Bruce Lambert| title=William Golding Is Dead at 81; The Author of 'Lord of the Flies'| url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0919.html| work=The New York Times| date=20 June 1993| accessdate=6 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Golding | first=William | title=[[The Double Tongue]]| location=London| publisher=Faber | year=1996| isbn=978-0-571-17803-2}}</ref> He is survived by his daughter, the author Judy Golding, and his son David, who still lives at Tullimaar House.

==Career==
===Writing success===
In September 1953, Golding sent a manuscript to [[Faber and Faber|Faber & Faber]] of London. Initially rejected by a reader there, the book was championed by Charles Monteith, then a new editor at the firm. He asked for various cuts in the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. It was shortly followed by other novels, including ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'', ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' and ''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]''.

Publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at [[Bishop Wordsworth's School]] in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the [[United States]] as writer-in-residence at [[Hollins University|Hollins College]], near [[Roanoke, Virginia]]. Having moved in 1958 from [[Salisbury]] to nearby [[Bowerchalke]], he met his fellow villager and walking companion [[James Lovelock]]. The two discussed Lovelock's [[Gaia Hypothesis|hypothesis]] that the living matter of the planet Earth functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology.

In 1970, Golding was [[University of Kent at Canterbury Chancellor election, 1970|a candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury]], but lost to the politician and leader of the Liberal Party [[Jo Grimond]]. Golding won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] in 1979, and the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] in 1980. In 1983 he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]], a choice which was, according to the [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], "an unexpected and even contentious choice, with most English critics and academics favouring [[Graham Greene]] or [[Anthony Burgess]]".<ref name="oxforddnb.com">Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079, accessed 15 May 2011]</ref> He was knighted by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1988.<ref>
{{London Gazette|issue=51558 |date=13 December 1988 |startpage=13986 |endpage= |supp= |accessdate=25 May 2010}}</ref>

The ONDB asserts that "At the end of the twentieth century, Golding's reputation was at its highest in continental Europe, particularly in Belgium, Holland, Germany, and France".<ref name="oxforddnb.com"/>

===Fiction===
Golding's often [[allegory|allegorical]] fiction makes broad use of allusions to [[classical literature]], mythology, and [[Christian symbolism]]. No distinct thread unites his novels (unless it be a fundamental pessimism about humanity), and the subject matter and technique vary. However his novels are often set in closed communities such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court. His first novel, ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954; film, 1963 and 1990; play, adapted by [[Nigel Williams (author)|Nigel Williams]], 1995), dealt with an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the moral ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II. ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955) looked back into prehistory, advancing the thesis that humankind's evolutionary ancestors, "the new people" (generally identified with ''[[Homo sapiens sapiens]]''), triumphed over a gentler race (generally identified with [[Neanderthals]]) as much by violence and deceit as by natural superiority. ''[[The Spire]]'' (1964) follows the building (and near collapse) of a huge spire onto a mediæval cathedral church (generally assumed to be [[Salisbury Cathedral]]); the church and the spire itself act as a potent symbols both of the dean's highest spiritual aspirations and of his worldly vanities. His 1956 novel ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' concerns the last moments of a sailor thrown into the north Atlantic after his ship is attacked. The structure is echoed by that of the later Booker Prize winner by [[Yann Martel]], ''[[Life of Pi]]''. The 1967 novel ''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' comprises three separate stories linked by a common setting (a small English town in the 1920s) and narrator. ''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971) is a volume of three novellas set in a prehistoric African hunter-gatherer band ('Clonk, Clonk'), an ancient Egyptian court ('The Scorpion God') and the court of a Roman emperor ('Envoy Extraordinary'). The last of these is a reworking of his 1958 play ''The Brass Butterfly''.

Golding's later novels include ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979), ''The Paper Men'' (1984), and the comic-historical sea trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'', comprising the [[Booker Prize]]-winning ''Rites of Passage'' (1980), ''Close Quarters'' (1987), and ''Fire Down Below'' (1989).

==List of works==
===Poetry===
*''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'' (1934)

===Plays===
*''The Brass Butterfly'' (1958)

===Novels===
*''[[Lord of the Flies (novel)|Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954)
*''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955)
*''[[Pincher Martin]]'' (1956)
*''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]'' (1959)
*''[[The Spire]]'' (1964)
*''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' (1967)
*''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971)
*''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979)
*''[[The Paper Men]] (1984)
*''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'' (trilogy)
**''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'' (1980)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Close Quarters|Close Quarters]]'' (1987)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Fire Down Below|Fire Down Below]]'' (1989)
*''[[The Double Tongue]]'' (posthumous) (1995)<ref>''The Double Tongue'' 1996 Faber reprint ISBN 978-0-571-17720-2</ref>

===Nonfiction===
*''[[The Hot Gates]]'' (1965)
*''A Moving Target'' (1982)
*''An Egyptian Journal'' (1985)

===Unpublished works===
*''Seahorse'' was written in 1948. It is a biographical account of sailing on the south coast of England whilst in training for [[D-Day]].<ref>Carey, p. 130</ref>
*''Circle Under the Sea'' is an adventure novel about a writer who sails to discover archaeological treasures off the coast of the [[Scilly Isles]].<ref>Carey, p. 137</ref>
*''Short Measure'' is a novel set in a British boarding school.<ref>Carey, p. 142</ref>

==Further reading==
*L. L. Dickson, ''The Modern Allegories of William Golding'' (University of South Florida Press, 1990). ISBN 0-8130-0971-5

==See also==
*[[:Category:Novels by William Golding|Novels by William Golding]]
* R. A. Gekoski and P.A.Grogan, ''William Golding: A Bibliography'', London, André Deutsch, 1994. ISBN 978-0-233-98611-1
* "Boys Armed with Sticks: William Golding's Lord of the Flies." Chapter in B. Schoene-Harwood. Writing Men. Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title= William Golding:The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies|last=Carey |first=John |year=2009 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4391-8732-6}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/writers/12203.shtml BBC television interview from 1959]
* [http://www.edupaperback.org/showauth.cfm?authid=92 Golding's Life and work reviewed at the Educational Paperback Association]
* [http://mkitxveli.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/william-golding/William Golding – Lord of the Flies in Georgian blog]
* [http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1983/golding-bio.html Biography of William Golding] at the [[Nobel Prize]] website
* [http://aurora.icaap.org/index.php/aurora/article/view/50/63 Interview] by Mary Lynn Scott – Universal Pessimist, Cosmic Optimist
* [http://www.william-golding.co.uk/ William Golding Ltd] Website of Golding family.
* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,1793967,00.html ''Last Words'' An account of Golding's last evening] by [[D. M. Thomas]] – Guardian – Saturday 10 June 2006 (''Review'' Section)
* Official Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/pages/William-Golding/138418262865472
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html Nobel Prize Lecture: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html]
* {{OL author|id=OL335424A}}
{{William Golding}}
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{Culture of Cornwall}}

{{Authority control|PND=118696165|LCCN=n/79/75193|VIAF=89500102|SELIBR=240526}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Golding, William
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Novelist, poet, playwright and Nobel Prize laureate
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 September 1911
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[St. Columb Minor]], Newquay, Cornwall, UK
| DATE OF DEATH = 19 June 1993
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, UK
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Golding, William}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:British Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:British schoolteachers]]
[[Category:Cornish novelists]]
[[Category:Cornish writers]]
[[Category:English Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Literature]]
[[Category:People from Marlborough]]
[[Category:People from Newquay]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Navy sailors]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]

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William Golding

2012-10-10T00:15:15Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = William Golding
| image = William Golding 1983.jpg
| caption = Golding in 1983
| birth_name = William Gerald Golding
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Newquay]], Cornwall, England, UK
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|6|19|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, England, UK
| occupation = Writer of novels, plays and poems
| nationality = English
| period =
| Alma mater = [[Oxford University]]
| genre = [[Survivalism in fiction|Survivalist fiction]], [[robinsonade]], [[Adventure (genre)|adventure]], sea story, [[science fiction]], essay, [[historical fiction]], stageplay, poetry
| notableworks = ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1980}} {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1983}}
| influences = [[Jules Verne]], [[John Milton]], [[H. G. Wells]]
| influenced = [[Stephen King]], [[Greg F. Gifune]], [[Jyoti Guptara]], [[Suresh Guptara]]
| signature = William_Golding_signature.jpg
}}
'''Sir William Gerald Golding''', [[Commander of the British Empire|CBE]] (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, poet, playwright and [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] laureate, best known for his novel ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. He was also awarded the [[Booker Prize]] for literature in 1980 for his novel ''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'', the first book of the trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]''.

Having been appointed a CBE in 1966, Golding was knighted by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] at [[Buckingham Palace]] in 1988.<ref>[http://www.william-golding.co.uk/life--photos/awards.aspx William Golding: Awards]. William Golding.co.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2012</ref><ref name="Lambert"/> In 2008, ''[[The Times]]'' ranked Golding third on their list of "The 50 greatest [[British literature|British writers]] since 1945".<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The 50 greatest British writers since 1945]. ''The Times'' (5 January 2008). Retrieved on 1 February 2010.</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
William Golding was born in his grandmother's house, 47 Mountwise, [[Newquay]], Cornwall<ref name=ODNB>Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], [[Oxford University Press]], Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079 accessed 13 Nov 2007]</ref> and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in [[Marlborough, Wiltshire]], where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at [[St John's School and Community College|Marlborough Grammar School]] (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught.<ref>(Which should not be confused with [[Marlborough College]], the nearby "public" boarding school).</ref> His mother, Mildred (Curnroe),<ref>[http://www.gradesaver.com/author/william-golding/ Biography of William Golding | List of Works, Study Guides & Essays]. GradeSaver. Retrieved on 2012-07-28.</ref> kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] as an undergraduate at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose College]], where he read [[Natural Sciences]] for two years before transferring to [[English Literature]].<ref>Carey, pp. 41, 49</ref>

Golding took his B.A. (Hons) Second Class in the summer of 1934, and later that year his first book, ''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'', was published in London by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan & Co]], through the help of his Oxford friend, the [[anthroposophy|anthroposophist]] Adam Bittleston.

===Marriage and family===
Golding married Ann Brookfield, an analytic chemist,<ref name="bloom">{{cite book |title=William Golding's Lord of the flies; Bloom's modern critical interpretations |pages=161–165 |author=Harold Bloom |isbn=0-7910-9826-5 |year=2008 |publisher=Infobase Publishing}}</ref>{{Rp|page=161}} on 30 September 1939 and they had two children, Judy and David.<ref name="ODNB"/>

===War service===
William Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940.<ref>Raychel Haugrud Reiff, ''William Golding: Lord of the Flies'', page 58 (Marshall Cavendish, 2010). ISBN 978-0-7614-4276-9</ref> During [[World War II]], Golding fought in the [[Royal Navy]] (on board a destroyer) briefly involved in the pursuit and sinking of the German battleship [[German battleship Bismarck|''Bismarck'']]. He also participated in the invasion of [[Normandy]] on [[D-Day]], commanding a [[landing ship]] that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches, and then in a naval action at [[Walcheren]] in which 23 out of 24 assault craft were sunk.<ref>{{cite book| last=Mortimer | first=John | authorlink=John Mortimer| title=Character Parts| location=London| publisher=Penguin | year=1986| isbn=0-14-008959-4}}</ref> At the war's end, he returned to teaching and writing.<ref name=ODNB/>

===Death===
In 1985, Golding and his wife moved to [[Tullimaar House]] at [[Perranarworthal]], near [[Truro]], Cornwall, where he died of heart failure, eight years later, on 19 June 1993.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} He was buried in the village churchyard at [[Bowerchalke]], South Wiltshire (near the Hampshire and Dorset county boundaries). He left the draft of a novel, ''[[The Double Tongue]]'', set in [[Delphi|ancient Delphi]], which was published posthumously.<ref name="Lambert">{{cite news| author=Bruce Lambert| title=William Golding Is Dead at 81; The Author of 'Lord of the Flies'| url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0919.html| work=The New York Times| date=20 June 1993| accessdate=6 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Golding | first=William | title=[[The Double Tongue]]| location=London| publisher=Faber | year=1996| isbn=978-0-571-17803-2}}</ref> He is survived by his daughter, the author Judy Golding, and his son David, who still lives at Tullimaar House.

==Career==
===Writing success===
In September 1953, Golding sent a manuscript to [[Faber and Faber|Faber & Faber]] of London. Initially rejected by a reader there, the book was championed by Charles Monteith, then a new editor at the firm. He asked for various cuts in the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. It was shortly followed by other novels, including ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'', ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' and ''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]''.

Publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at [[Bishop Wordsworth's School]] in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the [[United States]] as writer-in-residence at [[Hollins University|Hollins College]], near [[Roanoke, Virginia]]. Having moved in 1958 from [[Salisbury]] to nearby [[Bowerchalke]], he met his fellow villager and walking companion [[James Lovelock]]. The two discussed Lovelock's [[Gaia Hypothesis|hypothesis]] that the living matter of the planet Earth functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology.

In 1970, Golding was [[University of Kent at Canterbury Chancellor election, 1970|a candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury]], but lost to the politician and leader of the Liberal Party [[Jo Grimond]]. Golding won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] in 1979, and the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] in 1980. In 1983 he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]], a choice which was, according to the [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], "an unexpected and even contentious choice, with most English critics and academics favouring [[Graham Greene]] or [[Anthony Burgess]]".<ref name="oxforddnb.com">Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079, accessed 15 May 2011]</ref> He was knighted by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1988.<ref>
{{London Gazette|issue=51558 |date=13 December 1988 |startpage=13986 |endpage= |supp= |accessdate=25 May 2010}}</ref>

The ONDB asserts that "At the end of the twentieth century, Golding's reputation was at its highest in continental Europe, particularly in Belgium, Holland, Germany, and France".<ref name="oxforddnb.com"/>

===Fiction===
Golding's often [[allegory|allegorical]] fiction makes broad use of allusions to [[classical literature]], mythology, and [[Christian symbolism]]. No distinct thread unites his novels (unless it be a fundamental pessimism about humanity), and the subject matter and technique vary. However his novels are often set in closed communities such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court. His first novel, ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954; film, 1963 and 1990; play, adapted by [[Nigel Williams (author)|Nigel Williams]], 1995), dealt with an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the moral ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II. ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955) looked back into prehistory, advancing the thesis that humankind's evolutionary ancestors, "the new people" (generally identified with ''[[Homo sapiens sapiens]]''), triumphed over a gentler race (generally identified with [[Neanderthals]]) as much by violence and deceit as by natural superiority. ''[[The Spire]]'' (1964) follows the building (and near collapse) of a huge spire onto a mediæval cathedral church (generally assumed to be [[Salisbury Cathedral]]); the church and the spire itself act as a potent symbols both of the dean's highest spiritual aspirations and of his worldly vanities. His 1956 novel ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' concerns the last moments of a sailor thrown into the north Atlantic after his ship is attacked. The structure is echoed by that of the later Booker Prize winner by [[Yann Martel]], ''[[Life of Pi]]''. The 1967 novel ''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' comprises three separate stories linked by a common setting (a small English town in the 1920s) and narrator. ''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971) is a volume of three novellas set in a prehistoric African hunter-gatherer band ('Clonk, Clonk'), an ancient Egyptian court ('The Scorpion God') and the court of a Roman emperor ('Envoy Extraordinary'). The last of these is a reworking of his 1958 play ''The Brass Butterfly''.

Golding's later novels include ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979), ''The Paper Men'' (1984), and the comic-historical sea trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'', comprising the [[Booker Prize]]-winning ''Rites of Passage'' (1980), ''Close Quarters'' (1987), and ''Fire Down Below'' (1989).

==List of works==
===Poetry===
*''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'' (1934)

===Plays===
*''The Brass Butterfly'' (1958)

===Novels===
*''[[Lord of the Flies (novel)|Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954)
*''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955)
*''[[Pincher Martin]]'' (1956)
*''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]'' (1959)
*''[[The Spire]]'' (1964)
*''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' (1967)
*''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971)
*''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979)
*''[[The Paper Men]] (1984)
*''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'' (trilogy)
**''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'' (1980)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Close Quarters|Close Quarters]]'' (1987)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Fire Down Below|Fire Down Below]]'' (1989)
*''[[The Double Tongue]]'' (posthumous) (1995)<ref>''The Double Tongue'' 1996 Faber reprint ISBN 978-0-571-17720-2</ref>

===Nonfiction===
*''[[The Hot Gates]]'' (1965)
*''A Moving Target'' (1982)
*''An Egyptian Journal'' (1985)

===Unpublished works===
*''Seahorse'' was written in 1948. It is a biographical account of sailing on the south coast of England whilst in training for [[D-Day]].<ref>Carey, p. 130</ref>
*''Circle Under the Sea'' is an adventure novel about a writer who sails to discover archaeological treasures off the coast of the [[Scilly Isles]].<ref>Carey, p. 137</ref>
*''Short Measure'' is a novel set in a British boarding school.<ref>Carey, p. 142</ref>

==Further reading==
*L. L. Dickson, ''The Modern Allegories of William Golding'' (University of South Florida Press, 1990). ISBN 0-8130-0971-5

==See also==
*[[:Category:Novels by William Golding|Novels by William Golding]]
* R. A. Gekoski and P.A.Grogan, ''William Golding: A Bibliography'', London, André Deutsch, 1994. ISBN 978-0-233-98611-1
* "Boys Armed with Sticks: William Golding's Lord of the Flies." Chapter in B. Schoene-Harwood. Writing Men. Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title= William Golding:The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies|last=Carey |first=John |year=2009 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4391-8732-6}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/writers/12203.shtml BBC television interview from 1959]
* [http://www.edupaperback.org/showauth.cfm?authid=92 Golding's Life and work reviewed at the Educational Paperback Association]
* [http://mkitxveli.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/william-golding/William Golding – Lord of the Flies in Georgian blog]
* [http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1983/golding-bio.html Biography of William Golding] at the [[Nobel Prize]] website
* [http://aurora.icaap.org/index.php/aurora/article/view/50/63 Interview] by Mary Lynn Scott – Universal Pessimist, Cosmic Optimist
* [http://www.william-golding.co.uk/ William Golding Ltd] Website of Golding family.
* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,1793967,00.html ''Last Words'' An account of Golding's last evening] by [[D. M. Thomas]] – Guardian – Saturday 10 June 2006 (''Review'' Section)
* Official Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/pages/William-Golding/138418262865472
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html Nobel Prize Lecture: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html]
* {{OL author|id=OL335424A}}
{{William Golding}}
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{Culture of Cornwall}}

{{Authority control|PND=118696165|LCCN=n/79/75193|VIAF=89500102|SELIBR=240526}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Golding, William
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Novelist, poet, playwright and Nobel Prize laureate
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 September 1911
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[St. Columb Minor]], Newquay, Cornwall, UK
| DATE OF DEATH = 19 June 1993
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, UK
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Golding, William}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]
[[Category:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:British Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:British schoolteachers]]
[[Category:Cornish novelists]]
[[Category:Cornish writers]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Literature]]
[[Category:People from Marlborough]]
[[Category:People from Newquay]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Navy sailors]]
[[Category:English Nobel laureates]]

{{Link FA|es}}
{{Link GA|ru}}
[[af:William Golding]]
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[[mk:Вилијам Голдинг]]
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[[nl:William Golding]]
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[[zh:威廉·戈尔丁]]

William Golding

2012-10-10T00:14:36Z

86.40.98.173:

{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = William Golding
| image = William Golding 1983.jpg
| caption = Golding in 1983
| birth_name = William Gerald Golding
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Newquay]], Cornwall, England, UK
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|6|19|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, England, UK
| occupation = Writer of novels, plays and poems
| nationality = English
| period =
| Alma mater = [[Oxford University]]
| genre = [[Survivalism in fiction|Survivalist fiction]], [[robinsonade]], [[Adventure (genre)|adventure]], sea story, [[science fiction]], essay, [[historical fiction]], stageplay, poetry
| notableworks = ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1980}} {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1983}}
| influences = [[Jules Verne]], [[John Milton]], [[H. G. Wells]]
| influenced = [[Stephen King]], [[Greg F. Gifune]], [[Jyoti Guptara]], [[Suresh Guptara]]
| signature = William_Golding_signature.jpg
}}
'''Sir William Gerald Golding''', [[Commander of the British Empire|CBE]] (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, poet, playwright and [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] laureate, best known for his novel ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. He was also awarded the [[Booker Prize]] for literature in 1980 for his novel ''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'', the first book of the trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]''.

Having been appointed a CBE in 1966, Golding was knighted by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] at [[Buckingham Palace]] in 1988.<ref>[http://www.william-golding.co.uk/life--photos/awards.aspx William Golding: Awards]. William Golding.co.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2012</ref><ref name="Lambert"/> In 2008, ''[[The Times]]'' ranked Golding third on their list of "The 50 greatest [[British literature|British writers]] since 1945".<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The 50 greatest British writers since 1945]. ''The Times'' (5 January 2008). Retrieved on 1 February 2010.</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
William Golding was born in his grandmother's house, 47 Mountwise, [[Newquay]], Cornwall<ref name=ODNB>Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], [[Oxford University Press]], Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079 accessed 13 Nov 2007]</ref> and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in [[Marlborough, Wiltshire]], where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at [[St John's School and Community College|Marlborough Grammar School]] (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught.<ref>(Which should not be confused with [[Marlborough College]], the nearby "public" boarding school).</ref> His mother, Mildred (Curnroe),<ref>[http://www.gradesaver.com/author/william-golding/ Biography of William Golding | List of Works, Study Guides & Essays]. GradeSaver. Retrieved on 2012-07-28.</ref> kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] as an undergraduate at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose College]], where he read [[Natural Sciences]] for two years before transferring to [[English Literature]].<ref>Carey, pp. 41, 49</ref>

Golding took his B.A. (Hons) Second Class in the summer of 1934, and later that year his first book, ''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'', was published in London by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan & Co]], through the help of his Oxford friend, the [[anthroposophy|anthroposophist]] Adam Bittleston.

===Marriage and family===
Golding married Ann Brookfield, an analytic chemist,<ref name="bloom">{{cite book |title=William Golding's Lord of the flies; Bloom's modern critical interpretations |pages=161–165 |author=Harold Bloom |isbn=0-7910-9826-5 |year=2008 |publisher=Infobase Publishing}}</ref>{{Rp|page=161}} on 30 September 1939 and they had two children, Judy and David.<ref name="ODNB"/>

===War service===
William Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940.<ref>Raychel Haugrud Reiff, ''William Golding: Lord of the Flies'', page 58 (Marshall Cavendish, 2010). ISBN 978-0-7614-4276-9</ref> During [[World War II]], Golding fought in the [[Royal Navy]] (on board a destroyer) briefly involved in the pursuit and sinking of the German battleship [[German battleship Bismarck|''Bismarck'']]. He also participated in the invasion of [[Normandy]] on [[D-Day]], commanding a [[landing ship]] that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches, and then in a naval action at [[Walcheren]] in which 23 out of 24 assault craft were sunk.<ref>{{cite book| last=Mortimer | first=John | authorlink=John Mortimer| title=Character Parts| location=London| publisher=Penguin | year=1986| isbn=0-14-008959-4}}</ref> At the war's end, he returned to teaching and writing.<ref name=ODNB/>

===Death===
In 1985, Golding and his wife moved to [[Tullimaar House]] at [[Perranarworthal]], near [[Truro]], Cornwall, where he died of heart failure, eight years later, on 19 June 1993.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} He was buried in the village churchyard at [[Bowerchalke]], South Wiltshire (near the Hampshire and Dorset county boundaries). He left the draft of a novel, ''[[The Double Tongue]]'', set in [[Delphi|ancient Delphi]], which was published posthumously.<ref name="Lambert">{{cite news| author=Bruce Lambert| title=William Golding Is Dead at 81; The Author of 'Lord of the Flies'| url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0919.html| work=The New York Times| date=20 June 1993| accessdate=6 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Golding | first=William | title=[[The Double Tongue]]| location=London| publisher=Faber | year=1996| isbn=978-0-571-17803-2}}</ref> He is survived by his daughter, the author Judy Golding, and his son David, who still lives at Tullimaar House.

==Career==
===Writing success===
In September 1953, Golding sent a manuscript to [[Faber and Faber|Faber & Faber]] of London. Initially rejected by a reader there, the book was championed by Charles Monteith, then a new editor at the firm. He asked for various cuts in the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. It was shortly followed by other novels, including ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'', ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' and ''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]''.

Publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at [[Bishop Wordsworth's School]] in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the [[United States]] as writer-in-residence at [[Hollins University|Hollins College]], near [[Roanoke, Virginia]]. Having moved in 1958 from [[Salisbury]] to nearby [[Bowerchalke]], he met his fellow villager and walking companion [[James Lovelock]]. The two discussed Lovelock's [[Gaia Hypothesis|hypothesis]] that the living matter of the planet Earth functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology.

In 1970, Golding was [[University of Kent at Canterbury Chancellor election, 1970|a candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury]], but lost to the politician and leader of the Liberal Party [[Jo Grimond]]. Golding won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] in 1979, and the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] in 1980. In 1983 he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]], a choice which was, according to the [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], "an unexpected and even contentious choice, with most English critics and academics favouring [[Graham Greene]] or [[Anthony Burgess]]".<ref name="oxforddnb.com">Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079, accessed 15 May 2011]</ref> He was knighted by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1988.<ref>
{{London Gazette|issue=51558 |date=13 December 1988 |startpage=13986 |endpage= |supp= |accessdate=25 May 2010}}</ref>

The ONDB asserts that "At the end of the twentieth century, Golding's reputation was at its highest in continental Europe, particularly in Belgium, Holland, Germany, and France".<ref name="oxforddnb.com"/>

===Fiction===
Golding's often [[allegory|allegorical]] fiction makes broad use of allusions to [[classical literature]], mythology, and [[Christian symbolism]]. No distinct thread unites his novels (unless it be a fundamental pessimism about humanity), and the subject matter and technique vary. However his novels are often set in closed communities such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court. His first novel, ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954; film, 1963 and 1990; play, adapted by [[Nigel Williams (author)|Nigel Williams]], 1995), dealt with an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the moral ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II. ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955) looked back into prehistory, advancing the thesis that humankind's evolutionary ancestors, "the new people" (generally identified with ''[[Homo sapiens sapiens]]''), triumphed over a gentler race (generally identified with [[Neanderthals]]) as much by violence and deceit as by natural superiority. ''[[The Spire]]'' (1964) follows the building (and near collapse) of a huge spire onto a mediæval cathedral church (generally assumed to be [[Salisbury Cathedral]]); the church and the spire itself act as a potent symbols both of the dean's highest spiritual aspirations and of his worldly vanities. His 1956 novel ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' concerns the last moments of a sailor thrown into the north Atlantic after his ship is attacked. The structure is echoed by that of the later Booker Prize winner by [[Yann Martel]], ''[[Life of Pi]]''. The 1967 novel ''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' comprises three separate stories linked by a common setting (a small English town in the 1920s) and narrator. ''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971) is a volume of three novellas set in a prehistoric African hunter-gatherer band ('Clonk, Clonk'), an ancient Egyptian court ('The Scorpion God') and the court of a Roman emperor ('Envoy Extraordinary'). The last of these is a reworking of his 1958 play ''The Brass Butterfly''.

Golding's later novels include ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979), ''The Paper Men'' (1984), and the comic-historical sea trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'', comprising the [[Booker Prize]]-winning ''Rites of Passage'' (1980), ''Close Quarters'' (1987), and ''Fire Down Below'' (1989).

==List of works==
===Poems===
*''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'' (1934)

===Plays===
*''The Brass Butterfly'' (1958)

===Novels===
*''[[Lord of the Flies (novel)|Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954)
*''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955)
*''[[Pincher Martin]]'' (1956)
*''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]'' (1959)
*''[[The Spire]]'' (1964)
*''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' (1967)
*''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971)
*''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979)
*''[[The Paper Men]] (1984)
*''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'' (trilogy)
**''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'' (1980)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Close Quarters|Close Quarters]]'' (1987)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Fire Down Below|Fire Down Below]]'' (1989)
*''[[The Double Tongue]]'' (posthumous) (1995)<ref>''The Double Tongue'' 1996 Faber reprint ISBN 978-0-571-17720-2</ref>

===Nonfiction===
*''[[The Hot Gates]]'' (1965)
*''A Moving Target'' (1982)
*''An Egyptian Journal'' (1985)

===Unpublished works===
*''Seahorse'' was written in 1948. It is a biographical account of sailing on the south coast of England whilst in training for [[D-Day]].<ref>Carey, p. 130</ref>
*''Circle Under the Sea'' is an adventure novel about a writer who sails to discover archaeological treasures off the coast of the [[Scilly Isles]].<ref>Carey, p. 137</ref>
*''Short Measure'' is a novel set in a British boarding school.<ref>Carey, p. 142</ref>

==Further reading==
*L. L. Dickson, ''The Modern Allegories of William Golding'' (University of South Florida Press, 1990). ISBN 0-8130-0971-5

==See also==
*[[:Category:Novels by William Golding|Novels by William Golding]]
* R. A. Gekoski and P.A.Grogan, ''William Golding: A Bibliography'', London, André Deutsch, 1994. ISBN 978-0-233-98611-1
* "Boys Armed with Sticks: William Golding's Lord of the Flies." Chapter in B. Schoene-Harwood. Writing Men. Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title= William Golding:The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies|last=Carey |first=John |year=2009 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4391-8732-6}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/writers/12203.shtml BBC television interview from 1959]
* [http://www.edupaperback.org/showauth.cfm?authid=92 Golding's Life and work reviewed at the Educational Paperback Association]
* [http://mkitxveli.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/william-golding/William Golding – Lord of the Flies in Georgian blog]
* [http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1983/golding-bio.html Biography of William Golding] at the [[Nobel Prize]] website
* [http://aurora.icaap.org/index.php/aurora/article/view/50/63 Interview] by Mary Lynn Scott – Universal Pessimist, Cosmic Optimist
* [http://www.william-golding.co.uk/ William Golding Ltd] Website of Golding family.
* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,1793967,00.html ''Last Words'' An account of Golding's last evening] by [[D. M. Thomas]] – Guardian – Saturday 10 June 2006 (''Review'' Section)
* Official Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/pages/William-Golding/138418262865472
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html Nobel Prize Lecture: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html]
* {{OL author|id=OL335424A}}
{{William Golding}}
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{Culture of Cornwall}}

{{Authority control|PND=118696165|LCCN=n/79/75193|VIAF=89500102|SELIBR=240526}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Golding, William
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Novelist, poet, playwright and Nobel Prize laureate
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 September 1911
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[St. Columb Minor]], Newquay, Cornwall, UK
| DATE OF DEATH = 19 June 1993
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, UK
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Golding, William}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]
[[Category:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:British Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:British schoolteachers]]
[[Category:Cornish novelists]]
[[Category:Cornish writers]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Literature]]
[[Category:People from Marlborough]]
[[Category:People from Newquay]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Navy sailors]]
[[Category:English Nobel laureates]]

{{Link FA|es}}
{{Link GA|ru}}
[[af:William Golding]]
[[ar:ويليام غولدنغ]]
[[an:William Golding]]
[[zh-min-nan:William Golding]]
[[be:Уільям Голдынг]]
[[be-x-old:Ўільям Голдынг]]
[[bg:Уилям Голдинг]]
[[br:William Golding]]
[[ca:William Golding]]
[[cs:William Golding]]
[[da:William Golding]]
[[de:William Golding]]
[[et:William Golding]]
[[el:Ουίλιαμ Γκόλντινγκ]]
[[es:William Golding]]
[[eo:William Golding]]
[[eu:William Golding]]
[[fa:ویلیام گلدینگ]]
[[fr:William Golding]]
[[gd:William Golding]]
[[gl:William Golding]]
[[ko:윌리엄 골딩]]
[[hy:Վիլյամ Գոլդինգ]]
[[hi:विलियम गोल्डिंग]]
[[hr:William Golding]]
[[io:William Golding]]
[[ilo:William Golding]]
[[id:William Golding]]
[[is:William Golding]]
[[it:William Golding]]
[[he:ויליאם גולדינג]]
[[kk:Уильям Голдинг]]
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William Golding

2012-10-10T00:13:55Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = William Golding
| image = William Golding 1983.jpg
| caption = Golding in 1983
| birth_name = William Gerald Golding
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Newquay]], Cornwall, England, UK
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|6|19|1911|9|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, England, UK
| occupation = Writer of novels, plays and poems
| nationality = English
| period =
| Alma mater = [[Oxford University]]
| genre = [[Survivalism in fiction|Survivalist fiction]], [[robinsonade]], [[Adventure (genre)|adventure]], sea story, [[science fiction]], essay, [[historical fiction]], stageplay, poetry
| notableworks = ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1980}} {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1983}}
| influences = [[Jules Verne]], [[John Milton]], [[H. G. Wells]]
| influenced = [[Stephen King]], [[Greg F. Gifune]], [[Jyoti Guptara]], [[Suresh Guptara]]
| signature = William_Golding_signature.jpg
}}
'''Sir William Gerald Golding''', [[Commander of the British Empire|CBE]] (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, poet, playwright and [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] laureate, best known for his novel ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. He was also awarded the [[Booker Prize]] for literature in 1980 for his novel ''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'', the first book of the trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]''.

Having been appointed a CBE in 1966, Golding was knighted by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] at [[Buckingham Palace]] in 1988.<ref>[http://www.william-golding.co.uk/life--photos/awards.aspx William Golding: Awards]. William Golding.co.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2012</ref><ref name="Lambert"/> In 2008, ''[[The Times]]'' ranked Golding third on their list of "The 50 greatest [[British literature|British writers]] since 1945".<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The 50 greatest British writers since 1945]. ''The Times'' (5 January 2008). Retrieved on 1 February 2010.</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
William Golding was born in his grandmother's house, 47 Mountwise, [[Newquay]], Cornwall<ref name=ODNB>Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], [[Oxford University Press]], Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079 accessed 13 Nov 2007]</ref> and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in [[Marlborough, Wiltshire]], where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at [[St John's School and Community College|Marlborough Grammar School]] (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught.<ref>(Which should not be confused with [[Marlborough College]], the nearby "public" boarding school).</ref> His mother, Mildred (Curnroe),<ref>[http://www.gradesaver.com/author/william-golding/ Biography of William Golding | List of Works, Study Guides & Essays]. GradeSaver. Retrieved on 2012-07-28.</ref> kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] as an undergraduate at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose College]], where he read [[Natural Sciences]] for two years before transferring to [[English Literature]].<ref>Carey, pp. 41, 49</ref>

Golding took his B.A. (Hons) Second Class in the summer of 1934, and later that year his first book, ''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'', was published in London by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan & Co]], through the help of his Oxford friend, the [[anthroposophy|anthroposophist]] Adam Bittleston.

===Marriage and family===
Golding married Ann Brookfield, an analytic chemist,<ref name="bloom">{{cite book |title=William Golding's Lord of the flies; Bloom's modern critical interpretations |pages=161–165 |author=Harold Bloom |isbn=0-7910-9826-5 |year=2008 |publisher=Infobase Publishing}}</ref>{{Rp|page=161}} on 30 September 1939 and they had two children, Judy and David.<ref name="ODNB"/>

===War service===
William Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940.<ref>Raychel Haugrud Reiff, ''William Golding: Lord of the Flies'', page 58 (Marshall Cavendish, 2010). ISBN 978-0-7614-4276-9</ref> During [[World War II]], Golding fought in the [[Royal Navy]] (on board a destroyer) briefly involved in the pursuit and sinking of the German battleship [[German battleship Bismarck|''Bismarck'']]. He also participated in the invasion of [[Normandy]] on [[D-Day]], commanding a [[landing ship]] that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches, and then in a naval action at [[Walcheren]] in which 23 out of 24 assault craft were sunk.<ref>{{cite book| last=Mortimer | first=John | authorlink=John Mortimer| title=Character Parts| location=London| publisher=Penguin | year=1986| isbn=0-14-008959-4}}</ref> At the war's end, he returned to teaching and writing.<ref name=ODNB/>

===Death===
In 1985, Golding and his wife moved to [[Tullimaar House]] at [[Perranarworthal]], near [[Truro]], Cornwall, where he died of heart failure, eight years later, on 19 June 1993.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} He was buried in the village churchyard at [[Bowerchalke]], South Wiltshire (near the Hampshire and Dorset county boundaries). He left the draft of a novel, ''[[The Double Tongue]]'', set in [[Delphi|ancient Delphi]], which was published posthumously.<ref name="Lambert">{{cite news| author=Bruce Lambert| title=William Golding Is Dead at 81; The Author of 'Lord of the Flies'| url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0919.html| work=The New York Times| date=20 June 1993| accessdate=6 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Golding | first=William | title=[[The Double Tongue]]| location=London| publisher=Faber | year=1996| isbn=978-0-571-17803-2}}</ref> He is survived by his daughter, the author Judy Golding, and his son David, who still lives at Tullimaar House.

==Career==
===Writing success===
In September 1953, Golding sent a manuscript to [[Faber and Faber|Faber & Faber]] of London. Initially rejected by a reader there, the book was championed by Charles Monteith, then a new editor at the firm. He asked for various cuts in the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''. It was shortly followed by other novels, including ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'', ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' and ''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]''.

Publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at [[Bishop Wordsworth's School]] in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the [[United States]] as writer-in-residence at [[Hollins University|Hollins College]], near [[Roanoke, Virginia]]. Having moved in 1958 from [[Salisbury]] to nearby [[Bowerchalke]], he met his fellow villager and walking companion [[James Lovelock]]. The two discussed Lovelock's [[Gaia Hypothesis|hypothesis]] that the living matter of the planet Earth functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology.

In 1970, Golding was [[University of Kent at Canterbury Chancellor election, 1970|a candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury]], but lost to the politician and leader of the Liberal Party [[Jo Grimond]]. Golding won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] in 1979, and the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] in 1980. In 1983 he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]], a choice which was, according to the [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], "an unexpected and even contentious choice, with most English critics and academics favouring [[Graham Greene]] or [[Anthony Burgess]]".<ref name="oxforddnb.com">Kevin McCarron, ‘Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52079, accessed 15 May 2011]</ref> He was knighted by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1988.<ref>
{{London Gazette|issue=51558 |date=13 December 1988 |startpage=13986 |endpage= |supp= |accessdate=25 May 2010}}</ref>

The ONDB asserts that "At the end of the twentieth century, Golding's reputation was at its highest in continental Europe, particularly in Belgium, Holland, Germany, and France".<ref name="oxforddnb.com"/>

===Fiction===
Golding's often [[allegory|allegorical]] fiction makes broad use of allusions to [[classical literature]], mythology, and [[Christian symbolism]]. No distinct thread unites his novels (unless it be a fundamental pessimism about humanity), and the subject matter and technique vary. However his novels are often set in closed communities such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court. His first novel, ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954; film, 1963 and 1990; play, adapted by [[Nigel Williams (author)|Nigel Williams]], 1995), dealt with an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the moral ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II. ''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955) looked back into prehistory, advancing the thesis that humankind's evolutionary ancestors, "the new people" (generally identified with ''[[Homo sapiens sapiens]]''), triumphed over a gentler race (generally identified with [[Neanderthals]]) as much by violence and deceit as by natural superiority. ''[[The Spire]]'' (1964) follows the building (and near collapse) of a huge spire onto a mediæval cathedral church (generally assumed to be [[Salisbury Cathedral]]); the church and the spire itself act as a potent symbols both of the dean's highest spiritual aspirations and of his worldly vanities. His 1956 novel ''[[Pincher Martin]]'' concerns the last moments of a sailor thrown into the north Atlantic after his ship is attacked. The structure is echoed by that of the later Booker Prize winner by [[Yann Martel]], ''[[Life of Pi]]''. The 1967 novel ''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' comprises three separate stories linked by a common setting (a small English town in the 1920s) and narrator. ''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971) is a volume of three novellas set in a prehistoric African hunter-gatherer band ('Clonk, Clonk'), an ancient Egyptian court ('The Scorpion God') and the court of a Roman emperor ('Envoy Extraordinary'). The last of these is a reworking of his 1958 play ''The Brass Butterfly''.

Golding's later novels include ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979), ''The Paper Men'' (1984), and the comic-historical sea trilogy ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'', comprising the [[Booker Prize]]-winning ''Rites of Passage'' (1980), ''Close Quarters'' (1987), and ''Fire Down Below'' (1989).

==Bibliography==
===Poems===
*''[[Poems (poetry by Golding)|Poems]]'' (1934)

===Plays===
*''The Brass Butterfly'' (1958)

===Novels===
*''[[Lord of the Flies (novel)|Lord of the Flies]]'' (1954)
*''[[The Inheritors (William Golding)|The Inheritors]]'' (1955)
*''[[Pincher Martin]]'' (1956)
*''[[Free Fall (Golding)|Free Fall]]'' (1959)
*''[[The Spire]]'' (1964)
*''[[The Pyramid (Golding)|The Pyramid]]'' (1967)
*''[[The Scorpion God]]'' (1971)
*''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' (1979)
*''[[The Paper Men]] (1984)
*''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'' (trilogy)
**''[[Rites of Passage (novel)|Rites of Passage]]'' (1980)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Close Quarters|Close Quarters]]'' (1987)
**''[[To the Ends of the Earth#Fire Down Below|Fire Down Below]]'' (1989)
*''[[The Double Tongue]]'' (posthumous) (1995)<ref>''The Double Tongue'' 1996 Faber reprint ISBN 978-0-571-17720-2</ref>

===Nonfiction===
*''[[The Hot Gates]]'' (1965)
*''A Moving Target'' (1982)
*''An Egyptian Journal'' (1985)

===Unpublished works===
*''Seahorse'' was written in 1948. It is a biographical account of sailing on the south coast of England whilst in training for [[D-Day]].<ref>Carey, p. 130</ref>
*''Circle Under the Sea'' is an adventure novel about a writer who sails to discover archaeological treasures off the coast of the [[Scilly Isles]].<ref>Carey, p. 137</ref>
*''Short Measure'' is a novel set in a British boarding school.<ref>Carey, p. 142</ref>

==Further reading==
*L. L. Dickson, ''The Modern Allegories of William Golding'' (University of South Florida Press, 1990). ISBN 0-8130-0971-5

==See also==
*[[:Category:Novels by William Golding|Novels by William Golding]]
* R. A. Gekoski and P.A.Grogan, ''William Golding: A Bibliography'', London, André Deutsch, 1994. ISBN 978-0-233-98611-1
* "Boys Armed with Sticks: William Golding's Lord of the Flies." Chapter in B. Schoene-Harwood. Writing Men. Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title= William Golding:The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies|last=Carey |first=John |year=2009 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4391-8732-6}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/writers/12203.shtml BBC television interview from 1959]
* [http://www.edupaperback.org/showauth.cfm?authid=92 Golding's Life and work reviewed at the Educational Paperback Association]
* [http://mkitxveli.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/william-golding/William Golding – Lord of the Flies in Georgian blog]
* [http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1983/golding-bio.html Biography of William Golding] at the [[Nobel Prize]] website
* [http://aurora.icaap.org/index.php/aurora/article/view/50/63 Interview] by Mary Lynn Scott – Universal Pessimist, Cosmic Optimist
* [http://www.william-golding.co.uk/ William Golding Ltd] Website of Golding family.
* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,1793967,00.html ''Last Words'' An account of Golding's last evening] by [[D. M. Thomas]] – Guardian – Saturday 10 June 2006 (''Review'' Section)
* Official Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/pages/William-Golding/138418262865472
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html Nobel Prize Lecture: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1983/golding-lecture.html]
* {{OL author|id=OL335424A}}
{{William Golding}}
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{Culture of Cornwall}}

{{Authority control|PND=118696165|LCCN=n/79/75193|VIAF=89500102|SELIBR=240526}}

{{Persondata 
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| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Perranarworthal]], Cornwall, UK
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Brian Jennings (journalist)

2012-10-10T00:10:30Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox person
| name = Brian Jennings
| image= Morning Ireland broadcast.jpg
| caption = Jennings (left) with [[Aine Lawlor]] and [[Nicola Hudson]]
| birthname =
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| occupation = Journalist, newscaster
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| domestic_partner = [[Michael Dwyer (journalist)|Michael Dwyer]]
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| nationality = [[Irish people|Irish]]
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| credits = [[RTÉ Radio]] and [[RTÉ News and Current Affairs|News]]
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'''Brian Jennings''' is an [[Irish people|Irish]] radio journalist and newsreader. He has been employed by [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann]] (RTÉ) since 1988, having previously worked for [[Irish pirate radio]].

==Career==
Jennings began broadcasting on the pirate radio station [[Dublin's Q102|Q102]] in 1985.<ref name="Morning Ireland">{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/morningireland/brianjennings.html|title=Morning Ireland: Brian Jennings|work=[[RTÉ.ie]]|publisher=RTÉ Publishing|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref> When the station closed down in 1988, he was part of the final broadcast.<ref name="Irish pirates 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.irishpirates.com/archive9.htm|title=Q10 WHO? |work=irishpirates.ie|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref> When [[Millennium 88FM]] opened to celebrated the first millennium in [[Dublin]] in 1988, he was a member of the news team.<ref name="Morning Ireland" />

When the station closed down in 1989 he moved to Millennium 88FM's parent, [[RTÉ Radio]]. Jennings worked as journalist and newscaster for [[RTÉ 2fm]]. He then moved formally in to [[RTÉ News and Current Affairs]].<ref name="Morning Ireland" /> He is presently the morning newscaster on [[RTÉ Radio 1]], beginning at 5:30 am on [[RTÉ Radio]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2001/0213/01021300060.html|title=Gala world of make-believe celebrates the winners|author=Catherine Foley|date=13 February 2001|work=[[The Irish Times]]|publisher=The Irish Times Trust|quote=Pity then RTÉ radio newscaster Brian Jennings, who had to go home early, like Cinderella, to be up at 5.30 a.m. yesterday.|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref> and on ''[[Morning Ireland]]''.

Former RTÉ Radio 1 broadcaster [[Gay Byrne]] praised Jennings' pronunciation. Writing in ''[[The Irish Times]]'' in 2004 he named Jennings along with three other RTÉ journalists who do not mispronounce words.<ref name="Gay Byrne">{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/magazine/2004/1218/1099561119434.html|title=Time for T|author=[[Gay Byrne]]|date=18 December 2004|work=[[The Irish Times]]|publisher=The Irish Times Trust|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref> He was present at the 25th anniversary celebrations for ''Morning Ireland'' in November 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/1106/1224258194110.html|title=Hanly makes Morning Ireland's day|author=Rosita Boland|date=6 November 2009|work=[[The Irish Times]]|publisher=The Irish Times Trust|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref>

==Personal life==
''[[The Irish Times]]'' journalist [[Michael Dwyer (journalist)|Michael Dwyer]] was Jennings' partner for 24 years. Dwyer died in 2010. At the funeral fellow RTÉ journalist [[Aengus Mac Grianna]] read out a personal tribute from Jennings. Jennings' father also spoke at the funeral.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0106/1224261731802.html?via=mr|title=Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'|author=Fiona McCann|date=6 January 2010|work=[[The Irish Times]]|publisher=The Irish Times Trust|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref>

After Dwyer's death, Jennings presented an award at the [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival]] in his honour in March 2010. The first "Michael Dwyer Discovery Award" was given to Kate McCullough.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/0301/1224265369325.html|title=Fading light on film festival|author=Donald Clarke|date=1 March 2010|work=[[The Irish Times]]|publisher=The Irish Times Trust|accessdate=2 March 2010}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rte.ie/news/morningireland/brianjennings.html Jennings' profile] at [[RTÉ.ie]]

{{RTÉ News and Current Affairs}}
{{RTÉ Radio 1}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jennings, Brian}}
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Irish radio presenters]]
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Michael Dwyer (journalist)

2012-10-10T00:09:53Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox person
| name = Michael Dwyer
| image =
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1951|5|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2010|1|1|1951|5|2|df=y}}
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| occupation = [[Film criticism|Film critic]]
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| credits = Co-founder of [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival|Dublin International Film Festival]], ''Sunday Tribune'' Film Correspondent, ''Sunday Press'' Film Correspondent ''In Dublin'' Film Correspondent ''The Irish Times'' Film Correspondent
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'''Michael Dwyer''' (2 May 1951 – 1 January 2010)<ref name="London Times obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6995609.ece|title=Michael Dwyer: The Irish Times film critic|date=21 January 2010|work=[[The Times]]|publisher=News International|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref> was an [[Irish people|Irish]] journalist and [[Film criticism|film critic]] who wrote for ''[[The Irish Times]]'' for more than 20 years. He was previously in this role for the ''[[Sunday Tribune]]'', the ''[[Sunday Press]]'' and the magazine ''[[In Dublin]]''.

Dwyer was central to the foundation of two film festivals in [[Dublin]] and served on the board of the [[Irish Museum of Modern Art]] until shortly before his death. He appeared often on the country's top radio shows, ''[[Morning Ireland]]'' and ''[[The Marian Finucane Show]]''.

He died after an illness on 1 January 2010.

==Early life and career==
Dwyer was originally from Saint John's Park in [[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies">{{cite web|author=Hugh Linehan|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0102/breaking1.htm|title=Film critic Michael Dwyer dies|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref><ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> His mother, Mary, outlived him.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> He had two sisters, Anne and Maria.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> As a young man in the early 1970s he took part in the Tralee Film Society,<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> for which he provided notes to ''[[The Kerryman]]''.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> At this time he was employed by the County Library in Tralee.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'">{{cite web|author=Simon Brouder|url=http://www.kerryman.ie/news/renowned-film-critic-michael-dwyer-was-one-in-a-million-2000960.html|title=Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Kerryman]]''}}</ref> He began working for ''In Dublin'' followed by the ''Sunday Tribune'' and the ''Sunday Press''.<ref name="A true star of Irish film"/>

Dwyer first travelled to the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 1982 and attended every one until 2009, months before his death.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> In 1985, Dwyer co-founded the Dublin Film Festival and directed it until the mid-1990s.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> In 2002, he co-founded the [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival|Dublin International Film Festival]], of which he was the chairman.<ref name="Arts world mourns film critic Michael Dwyer">{{cite web|url=http://breakingnews.iol.ie/entertainment/arts-world-mourns-film-critic-michael-dwyer-440412.html|title=Arts world mourns film critic Michael Dwyer|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=Ireland Online}}</ref> In later life he served on the board of the [[Irish Museum of Modern Art]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/>

In the 1990s, he presented the film show ''Freeze Frame'' for public service broadcaster [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> The show resulted from a friendship he had formed with [[Alan Gilsenan]] and [[Martin Mahon]] of Yellow Asylum Films.<ref name="A true star of Irish film"/> He was also known for his appearances on the radio shows, ''[[Morning Ireland]]'' and ''[[The Marian Finucane Show]]''.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> The editor of ''The Irish Times'' [[Geraldine Kennedy]], speaking after Dwyer's death, said he was an "enthusiastic advocate" of both national and international cinema and had once said he was "one of those lucky people in life who was able to pursue his interests and call them work".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/>

He had two cats, Fred and Ginger, to whom he spoke regularly as he admitted in an interview with actress [[Penélope Cruz]] after it emerged she did the same.<ref name="A true star of Irish film">{{cite web|author=Hugh Linehan|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/0104/1224261598414.html|title=A true star of Irish film|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref>

==Illness and death==
Dwyer became unwell after a trip to the Cannes Film Festival in May 2009.<ref name="A year in film"/> He took a break from writing for ''The Irish Times'', returning in December 2009 to contribute his first—and what was to be his last ever—piece in six months to weekly entertainment supplement ''The Ticket''.<ref name="A year in film">{{cite web|author=Donald Clarke and Michael Dwyer|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2009/1211/1224260465255.html?via=rel|title=A year in film|date=December 11, 2009|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''|quote=Then, illness intervened and I did not see the inside of a cinema again until September.}}</ref> The article was a review of cinema in 2009 and of the 2000s, and in his contribution Dwyer referenced the ill health which had haunted him for much of the previous year and which had prevented him from viewing any cinema releases between June and September.<ref name="A year in film"/>

He died at the age of 58 on 1 January 2010. His partner of 24 years [[Brian Jennings (journalist)|Brian Jennings]] survives him.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/><ref name="A true star of Irish film"/> Irish [[Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism]] [[Martin Cullen]] said Dwyer was "the most singular, significant influence on cinema in Ireland for more than three decades".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness">{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0102/dwyerm.html|title=Film critic Dwyer dies after illness|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]]}}</ref> President of the [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]] [[Michael D. Higgins]] said his work was "incalculable [...] he was an activist in promoting a knowledge and appreciation of film in all its forms".<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> Ireland's former Director of Film Classification at the [[Irish Film Classification Office]] John Kelleher said it was "a huge loss for the world of Irish film".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> Director [[Neil Jordan]] also spoke of his awe.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> There were tributes from [[Gabriel Byrne]], [[Daniel Day-Lewis]], [[Brendan Gleeson]], [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]], [[Cillian Murphy]] and [[Jim Sheridan]].<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Donald Clarke|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/0104/1224261598524.html|title=Tributes to Michael Dwyer|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref> ''The Irish Times'' published tribute pieces on his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iftn.ie/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4282794&tpl=archnewshome&force=1|title=Tributes Paid to Film Correspondent Michael Dwyer|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=[[Irish Film and Television Network]]|quote=Today’s ''Irish Times'' features accolades from Mr. Dwyer’s peers and Irish cinema heavyweights such as Daniel Day Lewis [...] ''The Irish Times''’ Hugh Linehan, in the same article, describes his former colleague as “a lover of life and of movies.” and continues to describe him as “the most influential Irish film critic of his generation”.}}</ref>

His nephew Jim Lyons (who lives in Tralee) gave him a glowing tribute describing his beloved uncle as "one in a million" and also describing Michael "being a great family man" in the Kerryman newspaper.
Michael Dwyer is survived by his partner Brian, mother Mary, sisters Anne Lyons and Maria Barrett, brothers-in-law Jimmy and Timmy, nephews Nick, Jim & Nick, niece Fiona, grand-nieces Louise, Rebecca, Grace, Josephine, and Lucy.

A ceremony took place at the Church of the Holy Name in Ranelagh where he lived.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> The event was attended by notable politicians, journalists, artists, actors, writers and musicians.<ref name="Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'"/> RTÉ newsreader [[Aengus Mac Grianna]], a colleague of Jennings, read a tribute to Dwyer.

Daniel Day-Lewis gave a very special tribute at the church service to his dear friend of over 20 years, calling for the Jameson international Dublin film festival to be renamed in Michael's honour.
<ref name="Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'">{{cite web|author=Fiona McCann|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0106/1224261731802.html|title=Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Fiona McCann|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0105/breaking3.html?via=mr|title='Gentleman' Dwyer remembered|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref> Dwyer was cremated after the funeral on 5 January 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0104/1224261600811.html|title=Funeral of 'Irish Times' film critic Michael Dwyer tomorrow|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=4 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref>

==Awards==
Dwyer's "contribution to French cinema" led to an honour from the French government.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> He [[List of members of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|received]] the [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres]] in 2006.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0102/breaking1.htm Obituary] in ''[[The Irish Times]]''
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2009/1211/1224260465255.html?via=rel Dwyer's last article and first since June 2009]—dated 11 December 2009 and published in ''The Ticket''
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2010/0108/1224261874844.html "Michael Dwyer: the best bits"], reproduction of some of his work, published in ''The Ticket'' on 8 January 2010

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Dwyer, Michael
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =2 May 1951
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]]
| DATE OF DEATH =1 January 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dwyer, Michael (journalist)}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish film critics]]
[[Category:LGBT broadcasters]]
[[Category:LGBT journalists]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Ireland]]
[[Category:People from Tralee]]
[[Category:Radio personalities from the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Sunday Tribune people]]
[[Category:The Irish Times people]]

[[cy:Michael Dwyer]]
[[nl:Michael Dwyer]]
[[pt:Michael Dwyer]]

Michael Dwyer (journalist)

2012-10-10T00:09:37Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox person
| name = Michael Dwyer
| image =
| caption =
| birthname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1951|5|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2010|1|1|1951|5|2|df=y}}
| death_place =
| education =
| occupation = [[Film criticism|Film critic]]
| alias =
| title =
| family =
| spouse =
| domestic_partner = [[Brian Jennings (journalist)|Brian Jennings]]
| children =
| relatives =
| ethnicity =
| religion =
| salary =
| networth =
| credits = Co-founder of [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival|Dublin International Film Festival]], ''Sunday Tribune'' Film Correspondent, ''Sunday Press'' Film Correspondent ''In Dublin'' Film Correspondent ''The Irish Times'' Film Correspondent
| agent =
| URL =
}}
'''Michael Dwyer''' (2 May 1951 – 1 January 2010)<ref name="London Times obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6995609.ece|title=Michael Dwyer: The Irish Times film critic|date=21 January 2010|work=[[The Times]]|publisher=News International|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref> was an [[Irish people|Irish]] journalist and [[Film criticism|film critic]] who wrote for ''[[The Irish Times]]'' for more than 20 years. He was previously in this role for the ''[[Sunday Tribune]]'', the ''[[Sunday Press]]'' and the magazine ''[[In Dublin]]''.

Dwyer was central to the foundation of two film festivals in [[Dublin]] and served on the board of the [[Irish Museum of Modern Art]] until shortly before his death. He appeared often on the country's top radio shows, ''[[Morning Ireland]]'' and ''[[The Marian Finucane Show]]''.

He died after an illness on 1 January 2010.

==Early life and career==
Dwyer was originally from Saint John's Park in [[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies">{{cite web|author=Hugh Linehan|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0102/breaking1.htm|title=Film critic Michael Dwyer dies|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref><ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> His mother, Mary, outlived him.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> He had two sisters, Anne and Maria.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> As a young man in the early 1970s he took part in the Tralee Film Society,<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> for which he provided notes to ''[[The Kerryman]]''.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> At this time he was employed by the County Library in Tralee.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'">{{cite web|author=Simon Brouder|url=http://www.kerryman.ie/news/renowned-film-critic-michael-dwyer-was-one-in-a-million-2000960.html|title=Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Kerryman]]''}}</ref> He began working for ''In Dublin'' followed by the ''Sunday Tribune'' and the ''Sunday Press''.<ref name="A true star of Irish film"/>

Dwyer first travelled to the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 1982 and attended every one until 2009, months before his death.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> In 1985, Dwyer co-founded the Dublin Film Festival and directed it until the mid-1990s.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> In 2002, he co-founded the [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival|Dublin International Film Festival]], of which he was the chairman.<ref name="Arts world mourns film critic Michael Dwyer">{{cite web|url=http://breakingnews.iol.ie/entertainment/arts-world-mourns-film-critic-michael-dwyer-440412.html|title=Arts world mourns film critic Michael Dwyer|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=Ireland Online}}</ref> In later life he served on the board of the [[Irish Museum of Modern Art]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/>

In the 1990s, he presented the film show ''Freeze Frame'' for public service broadcaster [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> The show resulted from a friendship he had formed with [[Alan Gilsenan]] and [[Martin Mahon]] of Yellow Asylum Films.<ref name="A true star of Irish film"/> He was also known for his appearances on the radio shows, ''[[Morning Ireland]]'' and ''[[The Marian Finucane Show]]''.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> The editor of ''The Irish Times'' [[Geraldine Kennedy]], speaking after Dwyer's death, said he was an "enthusiastic advocate" of both national and international cinema and had once said he was "one of those lucky people in life who was able to pursue his interests and call them work".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/>

He had two cats, Fred and Ginger, to whom he spoke regularly as he admitted in an interview with actress [[Penélope Cruz]] after it emerged she did the same.<ref name="A true star of Irish film">{{cite web|author=Hugh Linehan|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/0104/1224261598414.html|title=A true star of Irish film|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref>

==Illness and death==
Dwyer became unwell after a trip to the Cannes Film Festival in May 2009.<ref name="A year in film"/> He took a break from writing for ''The Irish Times'', returning in December 2009 to contribute his first—and what was to be his last ever—piece in six months to weekly entertainment supplement ''The Ticket''.<ref name="A year in film">{{cite web|author=Donald Clarke and Michael Dwyer|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2009/1211/1224260465255.html?via=rel|title=A year in film|date=December 11, 2009|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''|quote=Then, illness intervened and I did not see the inside of a cinema again until September.}}</ref> The article was a review of cinema in 2009 and of the 2000s, and in his contribution Dwyer referenced the ill health which had haunted him for much of the previous year and which had prevented him from viewing any cinema releases between June and September.<ref name="A year in film"/>

He died at the age of 58 on 1 January 2010. His partner of 24 years [[Brian Jennings (journalist)|Brian Jennings]] survives him.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/><ref name="A true star of Irish film"/> Irish [[Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism]] [[Martin Cullen]] said Dwyer was "the most singular, significant influence on cinema in Ireland for more than three decades".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness">{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0102/dwyerm.html|title=Film critic Dwyer dies after illness|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]]}}</ref> President of the [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]] [[Michael D. Higgins]] said his work was "incalculable [...] he was an activist in promoting a knowledge and appreciation of film in all its forms".<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> Ireland's former Director of Film Classification at the [[Irish Film Classification Office]] John Kelleher said it was "a huge loss for the world of Irish film".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> Director [[Neil Jordan]] also spoke of his awe.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> There were tributes from [[Gabriel Byrne]], [[Daniel Day-Lewis]], [[Brendan Gleeson]], [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]], [[Cillian Murphy]] and [[Jim Sheridan]].<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Donald Clarke|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/0104/1224261598524.html|title=Tributes to Michael Dwyer|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref> ''The Irish Times'' published tribute pieces on his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iftn.ie/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4282794&tpl=archnewshome&force=1|title=Tributes Paid to Film Correspondent Michael Dwyer|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=[[Irish Film and Television Network]]|quote=Today’s ''Irish Times'' features accolades from Mr. Dwyer’s peers and Irish cinema heavyweights such as Daniel Day Lewis [...] ''The Irish Times''’ Hugh Linehan, in the same article, describes his former colleague as “a lover of life and of movies.” and continues to describe him as “the most influential Irish film critic of his generation”.}}</ref>

His nephew Jim Lyons (who lives in Tralee) gave him a glowing tribute describing his beloved uncle as "one in a million" and also describing Michael "being a great family man" in the Kerryman newspaper.
Michael Dwyer is survived by his partner Brian, mother Mary, sisters Anne Lyons and Maria Barrett, brothers-in-law Jimmy and Timmy, nephews Nick, Jim & Nick, niece Fiona, grand-nieces Louise, Rebecca, Grace, Josephine, and Lucy.

A ceremony took place at the Church of the Holy Name in Ranelagh where he lived.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> The event was attended by notable politicians, journalists, artists, actors, writers and musicians.<ref name="Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'"/> RTÉ newsreader [[Aengus Mac Grianna]], a colleague of Jennings, read a tribute to Dwyer.

Daniel Day-Lewis gave a very special tribute at the church service to his dear friend of over 20 years, calling for the Jameson international Dublin film festival to be renamed in Michael's honour.
<ref name="Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'">{{cite web|author=Fiona McCann|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0106/1224261731802.html|title=Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Fiona McCann|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0105/breaking3.html?via=mr|title='Gentleman' Dwyer remembered|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref> Dwyer was cremated after the funeral on 5 January 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0104/1224261600811.html|title=Funeral of 'Irish Times' film critic Michael Dwyer tomorrow|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=4 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref>

==Awards==
Dwyer's "contribution to French cinema" led to an honour from the French government.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> He [[List of members of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|received]] the [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres]] in 2006.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0102/breaking1.htm Obituary] in ''[[The Irish Times]]''
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2009/1211/1224260465255.html?via=rel Dwyer's last article and first since June 2009]—dated 11 December 2009 and published in ''The Ticket''
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2010/0108/1224261874844.html "Michael Dwyer: the best bits"], reproduction of some of his work, published in ''The Ticket'' on 8 January 2010

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Dwyer, Michael
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =2 May 1951
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]]
| DATE OF DEATH =January 1, 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dwyer, Michael (journalist)}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish film critics]]
[[Category:LGBT broadcasters]]
[[Category:LGBT journalists]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Ireland]]
[[Category:People from Tralee]]
[[Category:Radio personalities from the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Sunday Tribune people]]
[[Category:The Irish Times people]]

[[cy:Michael Dwyer]]
[[nl:Michael Dwyer]]
[[pt:Michael Dwyer]]

Michael Dwyer (journalist)

2012-10-10T00:07:43Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox person
| name = Michael Dwyer
| image =
| caption =
| birthname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1951|5|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2010|1|1|1951|5|2|df=y}}
| death_place =
| education =
| occupation = [[Film criticism|Film critic]]
| alias =
| title =
| family =
| spouse =
| domestic_partner = [[Brian Jennings (journalist)|Brian Jennings]]
| children =
| relatives =
| ethnicity =
| religion =
| salary =
| networth =
| credits = Co-founder of [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival|Dublin International Film Festival]], ''Sunday Tribune'' Film Correspondent, ''Sunday Press'' Film Correspondent ''In Dublin'' Film Correspondent ''The Irish Times'' Film Correspondent
| agent =
| URL =
}}
'''Michael Dwyer''' (2 May 1951 – 1 January 2010)<ref name="London Times obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6995609.ece|title=Michael Dwyer: The Irish Times film critic|date=21 January 2010|work=[[The Times]]|publisher=News International|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref> was an [[Irish people|Irish]] journalist and [[Film criticism|film critic]] who wrote for ''[[The Irish Times]]'' for more than 20 years. He was previously in this role for the ''[[Sunday Tribune]]'', the ''[[Sunday Press]]'' and the magazine ''[[In Dublin]]''.

Dwyer was central to the foundation of two film festivals in [[Dublin]] and served on the board of the [[Irish Museum of Modern Art]] until shortly before his death. He appeared often on the country's top radio shows, ''[[Morning Ireland]]'' and ''[[The Marian Finucane Show]]''.

He died after an illness on 1 January 2010.

==Early life and career==
Dwyer was originally from Saint John's Park in [[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies">{{cite web|author=Hugh Linehan|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0102/breaking1.htm|title=Film critic Michael Dwyer dies|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref><ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> His mother, Mary, outlived him.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> He had two sisters, Anne and Maria.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> As a young man in the early 1970s he took part in the Tralee Film Society,<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> for which he provided notes to ''[[The Kerryman]]''.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> At this time he was employed by the County Library in Tralee.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'">{{cite web|author=Simon Brouder|url=http://www.kerryman.ie/news/renowned-film-critic-michael-dwyer-was-one-in-a-million-2000960.html|title=Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Kerryman]]''}}</ref> He began working for ''In Dublin'' followed by the ''Sunday Tribune'' and the ''Sunday Press''.<ref name="A true star of Irish film"/>

Dwyer first travelled to the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 1982 and attended every one until 2009, months before his death.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> In 1985, Dwyer co-founded the Dublin Film Festival and directed it until the mid-1990s.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> In 2002, he co-founded the [[Jameson Dublin International Film Festival|Dublin International Film Festival]], of which he was the chairman.<ref name="Arts world mourns film critic Michael Dwyer">{{cite web|url=http://breakingnews.iol.ie/entertainment/arts-world-mourns-film-critic-michael-dwyer-440412.html|title=Arts world mourns film critic Michael Dwyer|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=Ireland Online}}</ref> In later life he served on the board of the [[Irish Museum of Modern Art]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/>

In the 1990s, he presented the film show ''Freeze Frame'' for public service broadcaster [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]].<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> The show resulted from a friendship he had formed with [[Alan Gilsenan]] and [[Martin Mahon]] of Yellow Asylum Films.<ref name="A true star of Irish film"/> He was also known for his appearances on the radio shows, ''[[Morning Ireland]]'' and ''[[The Marian Finucane Show]]''.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> The editor of ''The Irish Times'' [[Geraldine Kennedy]], speaking after Dwyer's death, said he was an "enthusiastic advocate" of both national and international cinema and had once said he was "one of those lucky people in life who was able to pursue his interests and call them work".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/>

He had two cats, Fred and Ginger, to whom he spoke regularly as he admitted in an interview with actress [[Penélope Cruz]] after it emerged she did the same.<ref name="A true star of Irish film">{{cite web|author=Hugh Linehan|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/0104/1224261598414.html|title=A true star of Irish film|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref>

==Illness and death==
Dwyer became unwell after a trip to the Cannes Film Festival in May 2009.<ref name="A year in film"/> He took a break from writing for ''The Irish Times'', returning in December 2009 to contribute his first—and what was to be his last ever—piece in six months to weekly entertainment supplement ''The Ticket''.<ref name="A year in film">{{cite web|author=Donald Clarke and Michael Dwyer|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2009/1211/1224260465255.html?via=rel|title=A year in film|date=December 11, 2009|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''|quote=Then, illness intervened and I did not see the inside of a cinema again until September.}}</ref> The article was a review of cinema in 2009 and of the 2000s, and in his contribution Dwyer referenced the ill health which had haunted him for much of the previous year and which had prevented him from viewing any cinema releases between June and September.<ref name="A year in film"/>

He died at the age of 58 on 1 January 2010. His partner of 24 years [[Brian Jennings (journalist)|Brian Jennings]] survives him.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/><ref name="A true star of Irish film"/> Irish [[Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism]] [[Martin Cullen]] said Dwyer was "the most singular, significant influence on cinema in Ireland for more than three decades".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness">{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0102/dwyerm.html|title=Film critic Dwyer dies after illness|date=2 January 2010|accessdate=2 January 2010|publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]]}}</ref> President of the [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]] [[Michael D. Higgins]] said his work was "incalculable [...] he was an activist in promoting a knowledge and appreciation of film in all its forms".<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/> Ireland's former Director of Film Classification at the [[Irish Film Classification Office]] John Kelleher said it was "a huge loss for the world of Irish film".<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> Director [[Neil Jordan]] also spoke of his awe.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> There were tributes from [[Gabriel Byrne]], [[Daniel Day-Lewis]], [[Brendan Gleeson]], [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]], [[Cillian Murphy]] and [[Jim Sheridan]].<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Donald Clarke|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/0104/1224261598524.html|title=Tributes to Michael Dwyer|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref> ''The Irish Times'' published tribute pieces on his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iftn.ie/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4282794&tpl=archnewshome&force=1|title=Tributes Paid to Film Correspondent Michael Dwyer|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=[[Irish Film and Television Network]]|quote=Today’s ''Irish Times'' features accolades from Mr. Dwyer’s peers and Irish cinema heavyweights such as Daniel Day Lewis [...] ''The Irish Times''’ Hugh Linehan, in the same article, describes his former colleague as “a lover of life and of movies.” and continues to describe him as “the most influential Irish film critic of his generation”.}}</ref>

His nephew Jim Lyons (who lives in Tralee) gave him a glowing tribute describing his beloved uncle as "one in a million" and also describing Michael "being a great family man" in the Kerryman newspaper.
Michael Dwyer is survived by his partner Brian, mother Mary, sisters Anne Lyons and Maria Barrett, brothers-in-law Jimmy and Timmy, nephews Nick, Jim & Nick, niece Fiona, grand-nieces Louise, Rebecca, Grace, Josephine, and Lucy.

A ceremony took place at the Church of the Holy Name in Ranelagh where he lived.<ref name="Renowned film critic Michael Dwyer was 'one in a million'"/> The event was attended by notable politicians, journalists, artists, actors, writers and musicians.<ref name="Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'"/> RTÉ newsreader [[Aengus Mac Grianna]], a colleague of Jennings, read a tribute to Dwyer.

Daniel Day-Lewis gave a very special tribute at the church service to his dear friend of over 20 years, calling for the Jameson international Dublin film festival to be renamed in Michael's honour.
<ref name="Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'">{{cite web|author=Fiona McCann|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0106/1224261731802.html|title=Actors, writers and friends attend funeral of 'rare gentleman'|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Fiona McCann|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0105/breaking3.html?via=mr|title='Gentleman' Dwyer remembered|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=6 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref> Dwyer was cremated after the funeral on 5 January 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0104/1224261600811.html|title=Funeral of 'Irish Times' film critic Michael Dwyer tomorrow|date=4 January 2010|accessdate=4 January 2010|publisher=''[[The Irish Times]]''}}</ref>

==Awards==
Dwyer's "contribution to French cinema" led to an honour from the French government.<ref name="Film critic Dwyer dies after illness"/> He [[List of members of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|received]] the [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres]] in 2006.<ref name="Film critic Michael Dwyer dies"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0102/breaking1.htm Obituary] in ''[[The Irish Times]]''
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2009/1211/1224260465255.html?via=rel Dwyer's last article and first since June 2009]—dated 11 December 2009 and published in ''The Ticket''
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2010/0108/1224261874844.html "Michael Dwyer: the best bits"], reproduction of some of his work, published in ''The Ticket'' on 8 January 2010

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Dwyer, Michael
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =2 May 1951
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Tralee]], [[County Kerry]]
| DATE OF DEATH =January 1, 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dwyer, Michael (journalist)}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish film critics]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Ireland]]
[[Category:People from Tralee]]
[[Category:Radio personalities from the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Sunday Tribune people]]
[[Category:The Irish Times people]]
[[Category:LGBT journalists]]
[[Category:LGBT broadcasters]]

[[cy:Michael Dwyer]]
[[nl:Michael Dwyer]]
[[pt:Michael Dwyer]]

Wikipedia:Articles for creation/Redirects

2012-10-10T00:05:42Z

86.40.98.173: /* Category request: Category:Irish writers by period */ new section

<noinclude>{{pp-move-indef}}__FORCETOC__
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}}

== Redirect request: [[Fake Four, Inc]] / [[Fake Four Inc.]] / [[Fake Four, Inc.]] ==

{{afc-c|a}}
Target of redirect: [[Fake Four Inc]]

Reason: Alternative spellings for [[Fake Four Inc]]

Source (if applicable): http://www.fakefourinc.com/ https://twitter.com/fakefour http://www.facebook.com/fakefourinc http://soundcloud.com/fakefour

[[Special:Contributions/114.164.138.92|114.164.138.92]] ([[User talk:114.164.138.92|talk]]) 04:20, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' All of the redirects you requested were created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! The correct spelling seems to be "Fake Four Inc.", going by the logo and the text of the official website. I've moved the article and created redirects to the new title. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 12:01, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ ]] ==

{{afc-c|d}}
Target of redirect: [[ ]]
Make an article of CaptainSparklez he is a you tube celeberty
Reason: The reason is because he wants an article and he will like it very much if you created the page for him

If you decide to make the page say the page was suggested by WhiteHavoc
Thank you

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/76.206.58.86|76.206.58.86]] ([[User talk:76.206.58.86|talk]]) 06:33, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

:[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. Looks more like a request for an article to be created than a redirect request. You may create an article using the [[Wikipedia:Article wizard|article wizard]]. '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 06:38, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[jiǎo]] ==

{{afc-c|a}}
Target of redirect: [[Chinese yuan]]

Reason: see target

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/31.18.248.254|31.18.248.254]] ([[User talk:31.18.248.254|talk]]) 15:10, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[Jiao]] seemed a better target, though. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 15:30, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Category request: [[:Category:Former radio masts ]] ==

{{AfC-c|a}}

Radio masts that is no longer in use.

Example articles which belong to this category:
* [[Warsaw Radio Mast ]]
* [[BREN Tower]]
* [[WECT Tower]]

Parent category/categories:
* [[:Category:Defunct towers]]
* [[:Category:Radio masts]]

[[Special:Contributions/74.131.177.233|74.131.177.233]] ([[User talk:74.131.177.233|talk]]) 16:34, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Category created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 16:53, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Elite Force (musician)]] ==

{{AfC-c|a}}

Target of redirect: [[Simon Shackleton]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/84.240.17.100|84.240.17.100]] ([[User talk:84.240.17.100|talk]]) 17:51, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 19:22, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Arbeitslager Mittelsteine]] ==

{{AfC-c|a}}

Target of redirect: [[Mittelsteine]]

Reason: Alternative Name

Source (if applicable): Article Text (see "Other Names" in infobox).

[[Special:Contributions/117.229.176.247|117.229.176.247]] ([[User talk:117.229.176.247|talk]]) 19:12, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 19:22, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Mittelsteine concentration camp]] ==

{{AfC-c|a}}

Target of redirect: [[Mittelsteine]]

Reason: Alternative Name

Source (if applicable): Article Text (first line)

[[Special:Contributions/117.229.176.247|117.229.176.247]] ([[User talk:117.229.176.247|talk]]) 19:13, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 19:22, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Lager Mittelsteine]] ==

{{AfC-c|a}}

Target of redirect: [[Mittelsteine]]

Reason: Alternative Name

Source (if applicable): Article Text (see "Other Names" in infobox)

[[Special:Contributions/117.229.176.247|117.229.176.247]] ([[User talk:117.229.176.247|talk]]) 19:15, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 19:22, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[AL Mittelsteine]] ==

{{AfC-c|a}}

Target of redirect: [[Mittelsteine]]

Reason: Alternative Name

Source (if applicable): Article Text (see "Other Names" in infobox)

[[Special:Contributions/117.229.176.247|117.229.176.247]] ([[User talk:117.229.176.247|talk]]) 19:18, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 19:22, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Gr-R/Mitt]] ==

{{AfC-c|a}}

Target of redirect: [[Mittelsteine]]

Reason: Alternative Name

Source (if applicable): Article Text (see "Other Names" in infobox)

[[Special:Contributions/117.229.176.247|117.229.176.247]] ([[User talk:117.229.176.247|talk]]) 19:20, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 19:22, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Sunkar Resources - The Chilisai Deposit ==

{{afc-c|d}}
The Chilisai Deposit is situated in the north-western Kazakhstan, immediately west of the town of Kandagash (formerly known as Oktyabrsk), in the Mugalzharski and Temirski regions of the Aktyubinsk Oblast. Kandagash, population of 41,000+, is a main freight hub on the North-South road, the Moscow-Tashkent rail link, the Orsk-Atyrau rail link and the Bukhara/Ural gas pipeline.

Located in a predominantly agricultural region with significant oil and gas production facilities, and mining infrastructure, Kandagash is an important rail hub and a center for several major heavy industries. The region benefits from developed infrastructure that was built during the Soviet era.

Kandagash is situated approximately 90 km south of the city of Aktobe, the central city of the Oblast. Aktobe is the main administrative centre for the Aktyubinsk Oblast with an international airport servicing the surrounding region with its oil and gas and mining enterprises.

The Licence Area is 836 sq km, which encompasses an extensive shallow sedimentary layer under a thin layer of overburden. Early mining has shown that the deposit can be developed through a simple open pit mining process. The area covers the central part of the Chilisai Deposit.

Temir Service derives its rights to extract minerals from the Licence Area under the Subsoil Use Contract. The period of the contract is initially 25 years but this can be extended by agreement between the parties. Temir Service, as the current subsoil user, has a priority right to negotiate the extension of the Subsoil Use Contract and, if these negotiations are successful, there is no requirement for a further tender to be carried out.

Current Operating Activity

The Company is still awaiting confirmation that its proposals to renegotiate the terms of the Subsoil Use Contract ("SUC") and that the pre-emption waiver required before the SAPC loan notes can be converted to equity have been accepted by the Kazakhstan Government.

The legislative requirements for the mining plan are currently being agreed between the Company and the Kazakhstan Government in order that the mining plan may then be submitted for final approval. The Directors believe this process may be further delayed by the recent change in the Kazakhstan Government. However, we still believe, based on historical experience and taking into consideration independent legal advice obtained in May 2012, that the Company's proposals will be ratified and the remaining steps are primarily an administrative process. Furthermore, the Directors believe that the breach of the SUC obligations in 2011 will also be waived as part of this process. In line with the Company's proposal to reduce the mining commitments under the SUC the Company has mined 306,000 tonnes for the period to 27 August 2012, which exceeds our proposed full year 2012 mining commitment of 300,000 tonnes.

This injection of funds set out in the financial review improved the financial position of the Company and has allowed us to continue pursuing our strategy towards the completion of the Feasibility Study, which we hope to have finalised by the end of the year, and the generation of further sales.

In July 2012, the Company announced the appointment of Tim Slater as Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"). The appointment is on a part-time basis which the Directors believe is appropriate for the Company's current requirements. The Board of Sunkar ("the Board") will review the CFO position in line with the Company's requirements in the future.

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. This request is not for a [[WP:REDIRECT|redirect]] to be created. It appears instead that you are looking to create an article about the subject. See the instructions at [[WP:AFC]] on how to submit an article. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 19:58, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Cosgrove, Iowa ]] ==

{{afc-c|d}}
Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/108.160.236.234|108.160.236.234]] ([[User talk:108.160.236.234|talk]]) 20:04, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 20:12, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Worji]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[Werji people]]

Reason: "Worji" is the more common and thus correct spelling of the name of this people, who are my people.

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/71.114.93.232|71.114.93.232]] ([[User talk:71.114.93.232|talk]]) 21:15, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. The title you suggested seems an unlikely search term. Could you provide a source showing that it is a commonly used alternate name? The census calls them "Werji". [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 21:43, 7 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ ]] ==

{{afc-c|d}}
Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/210.160.8.66|210.160.8.66]] ([[User talk:210.160.8.66|talk]]) 03:38, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. We cannot accept empty submissions. '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 03:44, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Bobby Parr ]] ==

{{afc-c|d}}
Target of redirect: [[Bobby Parr]]

Reason: Edited

Source (if applicable):

[[User:Marc386|Marc386]] ([[User talk:Marc386|talk]]) 10:33, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 12:16, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
{{afc-c|b}}

== Redirect request: [[Jagat Man Vaidya]] ==

{{afc-c|d}}
Target of redirect: [[Dharmaditya Dharmacharya]]

Reason: Alternative name

Source (if applicable):

[[User:Uray1130|Uray1130]] ([[User talk:Uray1130|talk]]) 12:25, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. The title you suggested already exists on Wikipedia. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 12:36, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[River and Harbor Act of 1899]] ==

{{afc-c|a}}
Target of redirect: [[Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899]]

Reason: Kind-of a misspelling. I've run into this non-pluralized version when looking at Army Corps of Engineers documents from the late 1970s.

Source (if applicable): N/A

[[Special:Contributions/2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8]] ([[User talk:2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|talk]]) 14:57, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 17:25, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Abdul Azim khushnawa ==

{{afc-c|d}}

;'''Abdul Azim khushnawa'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
| Name: || Abdul Azim || Khushnawa
|-
| Age: || 1391-04-06 || 31 years old
|-
| years active:|| 2002-present || Author, teacher
|-
| Ethnicity: || Tajik Afghan || Sunni Islam
|-
| Language: || Persian Dari || wwww.khushnawa.blogfa.com
|}

;زندگينامه عبدالعظيم خوشنوا
عبدالعظيم خوشنوا فرزند مرحوم نظرمحمد خوشنوا متولد سرطان سال 1360 در شهر زيبا و ادب پرور كابل ميباشد ،‌ شغل پدر وي در حكومت هاي اسبق در بخش هاي ماموریت و برای 11 سال بحیث وكيل گذر منطقه پل آرتل خدمت نموده بود
تولد خوشنوا مصادف با يورش و اوج تاخت و تاز قشون سرخ شوروي در كشور است ،‌ زماني كه به دنيا آمد خانواده مادري اش دو پسر خود را در جهاد عليه شوروي ها به نام هاي عبدالولي و عبدالعظيم از دست دادند پدر كلانش به جاودانه ماندن نام فرزندش شان نام وي را عبدالعظيم گذاشت ، وي داراي سه خواهر و دو برادر سكه و يك برادر ناسكه ميباشد ،‌ وقتي كه شش سال داشتند پا به عرصه تعليم در مكتب ابتدايه بهرام الدين شهيد گذاشت. در ايام كه صنف شش بود حكومت داكتر نجيب الله سقوط نمود ،‌ بعد از سقوط رژيم داكتر نجيب الله كشور به يك بحران سياسي ،‌ اقتصادي روبرو گرديد كه اثرات آن تا كنون هويدا است.
از آن زمان بنابر مشکلات که در کشور وجود داشت مجبور به ترک خانه و کاشانه خویش شدند و به جانب ولسوالی قره باغ ولایت کابل رهسپار شدند ، که بعد از مدت دو ماه به خانه و کاشانه خویش برگشتند و به درس و تعلیم خود ادامه دادند و در چنان روزگاری زندگی میکردند. بعد از مدتی چندی در اثر جنگ های متواتر به طرف شهر جلال آباد مهاجر شدند آب و هوای جلال آباد گاهی با روان شان سازگار و گاهی مایه رنجش خاطر شان میشد ، در شهر جلال آباد بود که توانست نا اندازه به درس خویش ادامه بدهد ، البته قابل یادآوری است که این درس به آن اندازه نبود که مقنع تمام نیازمندی های تعلیمی وی باشد .اما در چنان شرایط توقع اش را هم نداشت. سر انجام دلگیری از هوای گرم و محیط ناسازگار و دوری از زادگاه و خانه اش به پایان رسید و به شهر زیبای کابل که بیشتر از جان دوستش داشت برگشت. دو باره به درس و تعلیم خود ادامه داد. درسی را که از صنف شش ترک کرده بود دوباره از همان صنف شروع نمود ، که این صدمه چهار ساله که منجر به دور شدنش از درس و تعلیم شده بود ، یک ضایعه عمیق در زندگی اش بشمار میرود.
زندگی نمودنش تحت لوای طالبان به مراتب مشکل تر از زندگی نمودن در رژیم های قبلی بود چون دیگر توان دور شدن از خانه و کاشانه خویش را نداشت به درس و تعلیم خود ادامه دادند و در مدت دو سال زبان انگلیسی را فراگرفتند. از همان اوان به عقب بر نگشتند و به درس و تعلیم خویش ادامه دادند ، دوره ثانوی را در لیسه عالی غازی به درجه اول نمره به پایان رساندند. مدتی را در کورس های طلوع و ساحل مصروف فراگرفتن علم و دانش بودند و مدتی به حیث آموزگار لسان و مضامین ساینسی در کورس های خصوصی سپری نمودند و در این مدت توانستند که تعداد زیادی از شاگردان را آماده خدمت به جامعه نمایند.
چگونه وارد یک مرحله نوین شدند:
زمانی که امتحان کانکور را در سال 1382 سپری نمودند وارد یک مرحله نوین شدند ، یک باب تازه در کتاب زنده گی اش باز شد . چون که از مکتب به درجه اول نمره فارغ شده بود و هم چنان با تعقیب نمودن کورس های تعلیمی در عرصه بلند بردن سطح دانش خود کوشش نموده بود ، امید پیروزی را در دانشگاه طب داشت با کسب 279 نمره نتوانست به آرزو خود برسد و کشتی انتظارش که در امواج صبر و حوصله سرگردان بود سر انجام به ساحل دانشگاه آموزش و پرورش ( تعلیم و تربیه) لنگر انداخت که میشود این را یکی از خاطره های فراموش ناشدنی اش در زندگی وی دانست ، اما با گذشت ایام توانست در میان هم صنفی هایش از محبوبیت خاصی بر خوردار شود، این علاقه به ادب و فرهنک بیش از حد و اندازه وی بود که او را در میان هم صنفی هایش عزیز ساخته بود و توانست که در سال اول به درجه اول نمره کی نایل آید که این انگیزه باعث نزدیکی هر چه بیشتر وی به درس و تعلیم در رشته اش شد ، اما متأسفانه که این هم دیر نماند و به مدت یک و نیم سال از درس بدور ماندند و بعد از مدت یک و نیم سال دوباره به درس خویش ادامه دادند و توانستند که آن محبوبیتی را که در گذشته داشتند دوباره بدست بیاورند.
; افکار و اندیشه
همان طوریکه چهره های اشخاص متفاوت است اندیشه ها و افکار شان هم فرق دارد که این بحث در روان شناختی از زمانه های گذشته جریان داشته ، اندیشه نمودن گرچه در این دنیا بی وفا عبث است.
روای حال ما نیست اندیشه در این دیار
اندیشه گویدم که در فکــــر آن باشم
خوشنوا

این جز فطرت آدمی است که به فکر و اندیشه و علاقه بپردازد . محور اندیشه های وی را در این کشور فقر بیش از حد هم وطنانش تشکیل میدهد ، همیش در فکر این است که تا باشد که یک دست خیر به سر وقت این مردم رنج دیده و المناک رسیده و ایشان از این عذاب به سوی خیر و سعادت بکشاند.
; افکار ادبی:
طرز دید وی در رابطه به این هنر انسان ساز و انسان سالار بسیار ژرف بوده و از روزنه خاصی به آن می نگرد ، هر پدیده در جهان چی علمی باشد و چه هنری در قبال خود از فلسفه خاصی برخوردار بوده ، فلسفه ادب در این است که انسان با قلب صیقل شده خود از انوار الهی تواند تا اندیشه ها و عواطف را در نهاد بشر جا دهد.
و این که افلاطون و ارسطو و هم فکران شان بدین باورند، که گویا ادب باعث تلذذ نفس و خوش آمیزی نفس میگردد کاملاً مخالف میباشند.
; افکار اقتصادی:
چون اساس و زیر بنای حکومت و حکومت داری را در هر کشور اقتصادش تشکیل میدهد ، لذا گفته میتوانیم که رابطه حکومت پیشرفت اقتصاد یک رابطه دو جانبه مستقیم بوده که با فروپاشی این رابطه نظام اجتماع بر هم و در هم میشود در قدم اول باید که اقتصاد تقویه شود و بر مبنای شعار« اقتصاد را تقویه کن و حکومت کن» اساس حکومت گذاشته میشود.
; افکار اجتماعی:
اساس و تهداب اساسی اجتماع را افراد و روابط متقابل شان تشکیل میدهد و چه خوب اگر این روابط حسنه باشد ، انسان باید در تمام مراحل زنده گی خود رابطه خود را با افراد اجتماع قطع نه نمایند و همیش در فکر داشتن یک رابطه خوب با مردم باشد ، گفته میتوان که همین افراد اجتماع استند که باعث غنامندی فرهنگ یک جامعه میشود ، که برای اثبات این مدعا میشود از روابط حسنه مردم در درازنای تاریخ ذکر کنیم که از برکت این روابط شان بود که ما امروز از داشتن یک فرهنگ غنی در منطقه و جهان بر خوردار میباشیم
شعار وی در اجتماع این است : با اجتماع باش ، با اجتماع سازگار باش و با اجتماع همکاری کن و در دامان اجتماع این زنده گی را وداع کن.
; افکار سیاسی:
سیاست از دیدگاه عبدالعظیم خوشنوا دروغی است که برای همه گان از راست راست تر است به خاطر اینکه هر قدر دروغ جلوه نماید به همان اندازه مورد تایید و پذیرش قرار میگیرد.
به نظر من سیاست دو نوع است: 1- سیاست مغرضانه 2- مغرضانه مفید ، سیاست مغرضانه فرزند و زاده نا مشروع اذهان سیاست مداران بوده و سیاست مغرضانه مفید فرزند مشروع اذهان عامه بوده به این لحاظ که مردم چیزی را که از سیاست سالاران توقع دارند با مزاج شان ناسازگاری نشان میدهد.

; آثار عبدالعظیم خوشنوا:
در مورد آثارش با تذکر داد که در این مدت چهار سالی را که در دانشگاه سپری نمودند در مورد موضوعات گوناگون به تحقیق و پژوهش های مختلف دست یازیده اند و هم چنان به سرایش شعر های آزاد و نیمایی هم تجربه آزمایی نموده اند که قرار زیر است:
; رساله ها و مقاله ها
1- شخصیت فردوسی طوسی صنف اول
2- خصوصیت و ویژه گی های دستوری شهنامه
3- تجزیه و تحلیل نثری مقامات حمیدی از نگاه دستوری صنف 2 سمستر خزانی
4- تکامل مثنوی های عرفانی از سنایی تا مولوی صنف 3
5- وضع معارف در شهر کابل رساله تحقیقی ( تحقیق ساحوی)
6- زنده گی نامه اسفندیار از تولد تا مرگ به نثر صنف 3
7- شرح گوشه از رباعیات پیر هرات صنف 4
کتاب ها:;
1- تآملی بر حماسه های عرفانی1389
2- سیری در آثار و گل واژه های پارسی دری( چاپ نا شده)
3- دستور مختصر زبان پارسی دری ( چاپ ناشده)
4- درست نویسی ( چاپ ناشده)
5- سکوت شب ( مجموعه شعری چاپ نا شده) ...

;References

{{Reflist}}

;External links
* [http://www.khushnawa.blogfa.com]


[[:Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]
[[:Category:A good category for this article]]

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. This request is not for a [[WP:REDIRECT|redirect]] to be created. It appears instead that you are looking to create an article about the subject. See the instructions at [[WP:AFC]] on how to submit an article. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 17:25, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Category request: [[:Category: ]] ==

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Example articles which belong to this category:
* [[ ]]
* [[ ]]
* [[ ]]

Parent category/categories:
* [[:Category: ]]

[[Special:Contributions/86.178.139.135|86.178.139.135]] ([[User talk:86.178.139.135|talk]]) 15:47, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. We cannot accept empty submissions. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 17:25, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[To Hell & Back]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[To Hell and Back]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/31.18.248.254|31.18.248.254]] ([[User talk:31.18.248.254|talk]]) 17:01, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 17:25, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ ]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):
ahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhahahah
[[Special:Contributions/209.141.199.34|209.141.199.34]] ([[User talk:209.141.199.34|talk]]) 17:45, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
hahahahahaahahahahahahahah
u think i will tell u my butt bott heads

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. We cannot accept empty submissions. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 18:52, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ Khalsa College Student Union (KCSU Party)]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[Khalsa College Student Union (KCSU Party)]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[User:Jazz786|Jazz786]] ([[User talk:Jazz786|talk]]) 18:26, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. We cannot create a [[WP:R|redirect]] from a page to itself. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 18:52, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Misa Vodoinstalater - Plumber Company ==

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Misa Vodoinstalater is a Plumber Company in Serbia and it's about fixing a cisterns and boilers. One day one guy in Serbia called: "Milos Vuckovic" which was helpless Obese Man got an Idea about fixing a Boilers on mini Town in Capital City called: Borca. The start to call him "Misa Vodokotlic" (eng. Misa Cistern) and he got a name because of his really worked up shape, "Debeli Misa" - (eng. Fat Misa). When he got his first workers he gain 4kg. Then he hire his classmates from OS "Misa Vodokotlic" (eng. Elementary School "Misa Cistern") they made special class for fixing a special types of Cisterns. Serbia started to hate him because he was fat. He really likes a Peas from company "FRIKOM" and every time he eats a portion of peas he gains 10kg. Science facility delivered him award for most fat man in Serbia and for not existing BEAUTY MARKS on face.

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist. '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 19:40, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ ]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Daisy Carter]]

Reason: After the article (Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Daisy Carter) is created, I would like it to be the target of redirect as Daisy Carter is a main antagonist in The Young and The Restless. Thank you.

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/173.177.25.142|173.177.25.142]] ([[User talk:173.177.25.142|talk]]) 20:38, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. When moved to mainspace, a redirected will automatically be created. Thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia. '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 20:47, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[The types of fish egg that exist ]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/41.220.69.93|41.220.69.93]] ([[User talk:41.220.69.93|talk]]) 21:17, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. The types of fish egg that exist → : A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist; '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 21:26, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Foxford, County Mayo]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[Foxford]]

Reason: Fuller address

[[Special:Contributions/86.40.203.86|86.40.203.86]] ([[User talk:86.40.203.86|talk]]) 22:09, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 22:11, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ad]] ==

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Target of redirect: [[Advertising ]]

Reason: Abbreviation

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/76.1.4.21|76.1.4.21]] ([[User talk:76.1.4.21|talk]]) 22:57, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. ad → Advertising : The title you suggested already exists on Wikipedia; [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 23:09, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Category request: [[:Internet: ]] ==

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Example articles which belong to this category:
* [[ Internet]]
* [[ Internet service provider]]
* [[ Internet Archive]]

Parent category/categories:
* [[:Technology:]]

[[Special:Contributions/76.1.4.21|76.1.4.21]] ([[User talk:76.1.4.21|talk]]) 23:14, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. The category you suggested already exists on Wikipedia. [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 23:33, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ ]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/68.41.90.237|68.41.90.237]] ([[User talk:68.41.90.237|talk]]) 06:20, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
http://www.sureguardroofing.com Roofing commercial and residential roofing replacement, Siding and gutters. Full line of Maintenance for commercial and Residential roofing flat and shingles.

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. This request is not for a [[WP:REDIRECT|redirect]] to be created. It appears instead that you are looking to create an article about the subject. See the instructions at [[WP:AFC]] on how to submit an article. See also [[WP:SPAM]]. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 11:18, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Verinag Spring]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[Vernag]]

Reason: Verinag is a name of place and also name of spring at that place.

Source (if applicable): www.verinag.com

Akshey25 06:51, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! I've redirected it to [[Verinag]] and proposed that [[Vernag]] be merged thereto. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 11:18, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Internationale Kommission für Alpines Rettungswesen]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[International Commission for Alpine Rescue]]

Reason: Currently commonly used German spelling is incorrect.

Source (if applicable): http://www.ikar-cisa.org/ikar-cisa/documents/2011/ikar20110630000724.pdf

[[Special:Contributions/148.197.54.196|148.197.54.196]] ([[User talk:148.197.54.196|talk]]) 10:31, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 11:18, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ ]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[ Kingsman Matthew Wells ]]

Reason: Article

Source (if applicable):

[[User:Ghillie86|Ghillie86]] ([[User talk:Ghillie86|talk]]) 11:01, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. We cannot accept empty submissions. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 11:18, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[ ]]Ananthan Bm ==
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Target of redirect: [
Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/117.213.51.147|117.213.51.147]] ([[User talk:117.213.51.147|talk]]) 12:14, 9 October 2012 (UTC)Ananthan Bm is a boy from Veliyam.

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. This request is not for a [[WP:REDIRECT|redirect]] to be created. It appears instead that you are looking to create an article about the subject. See the instructions at [[WP:AFC]] on how to submit an article. See also [[WP:BIO]]. [[User:Huon|Huon]] ([[User talk:Huon|talk]]) 12:34, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Ernest Rixon Phythian]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[Ernie Phythian]]

Reason: It's a longer form of his name.

Source (if applicable): [[Ernie Phythian]]

[[Special:Contributions/2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8]] ([[User talk:2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|talk]]) 16:33, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 16:50, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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==Redirect request: [[Ernest Phythian]]==
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Target of redirect: [[Ernie Phythian]]

Reason: It's a longer form of his name.

Source (if applicable): [[Ernie Phythian]]

[[Special:Contributions/2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8]] ([[User talk:2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|talk]]) 16:33, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 16:50, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Amirul Bunkerzs]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[Amirul Bunkerzs]]

Reason: Want to create about me

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/118.101.230.128|118.101.230.128]] ([[User talk:118.101.230.128|talk]]) 16:48, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. Amirul Bunkerzs → Amirul Bunkerzs: A redirect cannot be created unless the target is an existing article. Either you have not specified the target, or the target does not exist; [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 16:50, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Arlen Spectre]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[Arlen Specter]]

Reason: I thought it was spelled "tre", so I took a lot of time looking trying to figure out how to spell his first name before I realized that the error was in his last name.

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8]] ([[User talk:2001:18E8:2:1020:C013:B91F:6FB2:5DE8|talk]]) 16:58, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 19:38, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Category request: [[:Category: ]] SCRAP PLASTIC FOR BETTER WORLD ==
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THIS IS A CATEGORY ABOUT SCRAP BUSINESS

*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. We cannot accept empty submissions. '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 19:38, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Cain Goodhand ==
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Target of redirect: [[ ]]

Reason:

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/90.208.204.119|90.208.204.119]] ([[User talk:90.208.204.119|talk]]) 18:49, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. We cannot accept empty submissions. '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 19:39, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Freind ]] ==
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Reason:Alternative Spelling

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[[Special:Contributions/76.1.4.21|76.1.4.21]] ([[User talk:76.1.4.21|talk]]) 19:57, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. Freind → Friend : The title you suggested already exists on Wikipedia; [[User:Legoktm|Lego]][[Special:Contributions/Legoktm|Kontribs]][[user talk:Legoktm|Talk]]M 20:16, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[male horse]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[stallion (horse)]]

Reason: some articles use the term "male horse" rather than stallion.

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/137.110.172.82|137.110.172.82]] ([[User talk:137.110.172.82|talk]]) 20:52, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. male horse → stallion (horse): A male horse is not always a stallion. A stallion is only referred to when the male horse is not gelded.; '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 21:30, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[Thomas Tranströmer]] ==
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Target of redirect: [[Tomas Tranströmer]]

[[Special:Contributions/86.40.98.173|86.40.98.173]] ([[User talk:86.40.98.173|talk]]) 20:54, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol confirmed.svg|20px]] '''Redirect created.''' Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 21:25, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
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== Redirect request: [[The Childhood of Jesus]] ==

Target of redirect: [[J. M. Coetzee#Academic and literary career]]

Reason: His latest title.

[[Special:Contributions/86.40.98.173|86.40.98.173]] ([[User talk:86.40.98.173|talk]]) 23:51, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
*[[Image:Symbol declined.svg|20px]] '''Declined'''. The Childhood of Jesus → J. M. Coetzee#Academic and literary career: The title you suggested seems unlikely. Could you provide a source showing that it is a commonly used alternate name?; '''-- Cheers, [[User:Riley Huntley|Riley]] [[User talk:Riley Huntley|Huntley]]''' 23:58, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
:[http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2012/07/19/amazon-unveils-book-blurb-for-jm-coetzees-the-childhood-of-jesus/] Thought it was common knowledge.

== Redirect request: [[Fr. Jack]] ==

Target of redirect: [[Father Jack]]

Reason: abbreviation

Source (if applicable):

[[Special:Contributions/31.18.248.254|31.18.248.254]] ([[User talk:31.18.248.254|talk]]) 00:00, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

== Category request: [[:Category:Irish writers by period]] ==

To match the [[:Category:French writers by period|French version]].

Example articles which belong to this category:
* [[:Category:Medieval Irish writers]]
* [[:Category:18th-century Irish writers]]
* [[:Category:21st-century Irish writers]]

Parent category/categories:
* [[:Category:Irish writers]]|Period]]
* [[:Category:Writers by period]]

[[Special:Contributions/86.40.98.173|86.40.98.173]] ([[User talk:86.40.98.173|talk]]) 00:05, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

Father Jack

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'''Father Jack''' may refer to the following fictional characters:

* [[Father Jack Hackett]], a character in the TV series ''Father Ted''
* [[Dancing at Lughnasa#Characters|Father Jack Mundy]], a character in the Brian Friel play ''Dancing at Lughnasa''

{{Disambig}}

Father Jack

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'''Father Jack''' may refer to two fictional characters:

* [[Father Jack Hackett]], a character in the TV series ''Father Ted''
* [[Dancing at Lughnasa#Characters|Father Jack Mundy]], a character in the Brian Friel play ''Dancing at Lughnasa''

{{Disambig}}

Father Jack

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'''Father Jack''' may refer to two fictional characters:

*[[Father Jack Hackett]], a character in the TV series ''Father Ted''
*[[Dancing_at_Lughnasa#Characters|Father Jack Mundy]], a character in the Brian Friel play ''Dancing at Lughnasa''

{{Disambig}}

Wikipedia:Articles for creation/Redirects

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Category:Poets from Northern Ireland

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{{portal|Northern Ireland}}
{{portal|Poetry}}
{{Fooian fooers|
|Profession=Poets|
|Nationality=Irish|
|Country=Northern Ireland
|Supercategory=Writers}}
This [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] lists [[poet]]s who originated from [[Northern Ireland]] or spent a notable part of their careers in Northern Ireland.

''See Also'': [[List of Northern Irish writers]]
{{Commons category|Poets from Northern Ireland}}

[[Category:British poets|Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Irish poets| Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Poetry of Northern Ireland|Poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Northern Ireland|Poets]]

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Category:Writers from Northern Ireland

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''Not all British writers have been allocated to the [[constituent countries]]. Some Northern Irish writers are still to be found at '''[[:category:British writers|British writers]]'''.''
{{Commons category|Writers from Northern Ireland}}

[[Category:British writers| Northern Irish]]
[[Category:Irish writers| Northern Irish]]
[[Category:Literature of Northern Ireland|Writers]]
[[Category:People from Northern Ireland by occupation|Writers]]

[[es:Categoría:Escritores de Irlanda del Norte]]
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Category:Writers from Northern Ireland

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''Not all British writers have been allocated to the [[constituent countries]]. Some Northern Irish writers are still to be found at '''[[:category:British writers|British writers]]'''.''
{{Commons category|Writers from Northern Ireland}}

[[Category:People from Northern Ireland by occupation|Writers]]
[[Category:British writers| Northern Irish]]
[[Category:Literature of Northern Ireland|Writers]]
[[Category:Irish writers|*Northern Irish writers]]

[[es:Categoría:Escritores de Irlanda del Norte]]
[[ko:분류:북아일랜드의 작가]]
[[id:Kategori:Penulis Irlandia Utara]]
[[nl:Categorie:Noord-Iers schrijver]]
[[pt:Categoria:Escritores da Irlanda do Norte]]
[[fi:Luokka:Pohjoisirlantilaiset kirjailijat]]
[[sv:Kategori:Nordirländska författare]]
[[tr:Kategori:Kuzey İrlandalı yazarlar]]

Wikipedia:Articles for creation/Redirects

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86.40.98.173: /* Redirect request: The Childhood of Jesus */ new section

J. M. Coetzee

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86.40.98.173: slightly broader title to reflect section content

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = J. M. Coetzee
| birth_name = John Maxwell Coetzee
| image = J.M. Coetzee.JPG
| caption = J. M. Coetzee in [[Warsaw]] (2006)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|2|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cape Town]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]]
| occupation = Novelist, essayist, literary critic, linguist, translator
| language = English, [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| nationality = [[South African]], [[Australian]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]], [[University of Cape Town]]
| influences = [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Ford Madox Ford]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[Daniel Defoe]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Zbigniew Herbert]], [[Samuel Richardson]], [[Robert Walser (writer)|Robert Walser]]
| influenced =
| awards =
{{plainlist |
* {{awd|[[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]]|1983}}
* {{awd|Booker Prize|1999}}
* {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|2003}}
}}
}}
'''John Maxwell "J. M." Coetzee''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ʊ|t|ˈ|s|iː|ə}} {{respell|kuut|SEE|ə}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite news|title=David Malouf with J.M. Coetzee, Adelaide Writers Week|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd7rc_vxiRk|accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref> born 9 February 1940) is a novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]. Of South African origin, he is now an [[Australian nationality law|Australian citizen]] and lives in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]]. Prior to receiving the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature, Coetzee twice won the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]].

==Early life==
Coetzee was born in [[Cape Town]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]], on 9 February 1940<ref>{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading: Literature in the Event|first=Derek|last=Attridge|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|year=2004|page=94|isbn=978-0-226-03117-0}}</ref> to parents of [[Afrikaner]] descent.<ref name="Richards Cooper">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/02/books/portrait-of-the-writer-as-an-afrikaner.html|title=Portrait of the writer as an Afrikaner|last=Richards Cooper|first=Rand|date=2 November 1997|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> His father was an occasional lawyer, government employee and sheep farmer, and his mother a schoolteacher.<ref name="Head">{{cite book|last=Head|first=Dominic|title=The Cambridge Introduction to J. M. Coetzee|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2009|pages=1–2|isbn=0-521-68709-8}}</ref><ref name="Emory">{{cite web|url=http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Coetzee.html|title=J.M. Coetzee|last=Price|first=Jonathan|date=Autumn 2000|publisher=Emory University|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> The family spoke English at home, but Coetzee spoke Afrikaans with other relatives.<ref name=Head/> Coetzee is descended from early Dutch immigrants dating to the 17th century,<ref name="Nobel calling">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/a-nobel-calling-100-years-of-controversy-510876.html|title=A Nobel calling: 100 years of controversy|date=14 October 2005|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and also has [[Poles|Polish]] ancestry from his maternal great-grandfather, Baltazar Dubiel.

Coetzee spent most of his early life in Cape Town and in [[Worcester, South Africa|Worcester]] in Cape Province (modern-day [[Western Cape]]) as recounted in his fictionalized memoir, ''[[Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life|Boyhood]]'' (1997). The family moved to Worcester when Coetzee was eight after his father lost his government job due to disagreements over the state's [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid]] policy.<ref name="Emory" /> Coetzee attended St. Joseph's College, a Catholic school in the Cape Town suburb of [[Rondebosch]],<ref name="Lowry">{{cite news|url=http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25339-2648841,00.html|title=J. M. Coetzee's ruffled mirrors|last=Lowry|first=Elizabeth|date=22 August 2007|work=Times Literary Supplement|accessdate=2009-08-02 | location=London}}</ref> and later studied mathematics and English at the [[University of Cape Town]], receiving his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1960 and his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Mathematics in 1961.<ref name="Easton">{{cite news|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030925/dsp-named.shtml|title=Faculty receive DSPs, named professorships|last=Easton|first=John|coauthors=Friedman, Allan; Harms, William; Koppes, Steve; Sanders, Seth|date=23 September 2003|work=University of Chicago Chronicle|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref><ref name="Who's Who">{{cite web|url=http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=5422|title=Professor John "JM" COETZEE|publisher=Who's Who of Southern Africa|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

Coetzee married Philippa Jubber in 1963<ref name="Nobel profile">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-bio.html|title=J. M. Coetzee|year=2003|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> and divorced in 1980.<ref name="Emory" /> He had a daughter, Gisela (born 1968), and a son, Nicolas (born 1966), from the marriage.<ref name="Nobel profile" /> Nicolas died in 1989 at the age of 23 in an accident.<ref name="Emory" /><ref name="Nobel profile" /><ref name="Gallagher">{{cite book|last=Gallagher|first=Susan|title=A Story of South Africa: J. M. Coetzee's Fiction in Context|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|year=1991|page=194|isbn=0-674-83972-2}}</ref><ref name="Scanlan">{{cite journal|last=Scanlan|first=Margaret|year=1997|title=Incriminating documents: Nechaev and Dostoevsky in J. M. Coetzee's ''The Master of St Petersburg''|journal=[[Philological Quarterly]]|volume=76|issue=4|pages=463–477|page=477}}</ref><ref name="Pearlman">{{cite news|title=J.M. Coetzee again sheds light on the 'black gloom' of isolation|last=Pearlman|first=Mickey|date=18 September 2005|work=[[Star Tribune]]|page=14F|accessdate=2009-09-01}}</ref>

On 6 March 2006, Coetzee became an Australian citizen.<ref name=M&G/>

==Academic and literary career==
Coetzee relocated to the United Kingdom in 1962, where he worked as a computer programmer, staying until 1965.<ref name="Head" /> He worked for [[IBM]] in London. In 1963, while working in the UK, he was awarded a Master of Arts degree from the [[University of Cape Town]] for a dissertation on the novels of [[Ford Madox Ford]].<ref name="Head" /> His experiences in England were later recounted in ''[[Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II|Youth]]'' (2002), his second volume of fictionalized memoirs.

Coetzee went to the [[University of Texas at Austin]], in the United States, on the [[Fulbright Program]] in 1965. He received a PhD in linguistics there in 1969. His PhD thesis was on computer [[Stylistics (linguistics)|stylistic analysis]] of the works of [[Samuel Beckett]].<ref name="Head" /> In 1968, he began teaching English literature at the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|State University of New York at Buffalo]] where he stayed until 1971.<ref name="Head" /> It was at Buffalo that he started his first novel, ''[[Dusklands]]''.<ref name="Head" /> In 1971, Coetzee sought permanent residence in the United States, but it was denied due to his involvement in [[Opposition to the Vietnam War|anti-Vietnam-War protests]]. In March 1970, Coetzee had been one of 45 faculty members who occupied the university's Hayes Hall and were subsequently arrested for criminal trespass.<ref name="Buffalo News">{{cite news|title=A rare interview with literary giant J. M. Coetzee|date=13 October 2002|work=Buffalo News|page=E1|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> He then returned to South Africa to teach English literature at the University of Cape Town. He was promoted to Professor of General Literature in 1983 and was Distinguished Professor of Literature between 1999 and 2001.<ref name="Head" /> Upon retiring in 2002, Coetzee relocated to Adelaide, Australia, where he was made an honorary research fellow at the English Department of the [[University of Adelaide]],<ref name=M&G>{{cite news| title = JM Coetzee becomes an Australian citizen| work= [[Mail & Guardian]]| date = 2006-03-06| url = http://mg.co.za/article/2006-03-06-jm-coetzee-becomes-an-australian-citizen| accessdate = 2011-08-31}}</ref> where his partner, Dorothy Driver,<ref name="Who's Who" /> is a fellow academic.<ref name="Driver">{{cite web|url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/dorothy.driver|title=Professor Dorothy Driver|publisher=University of Adelaide|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> He served as professor on the [[Committee on Social Thought]] at the [[University of Chicago]] until 2003.<ref name="Richmond">{{cite book|last=Richmond|first=Chris|title=Nobel Faces: A Gallery of Nobel Prize Winners|editor=Badge, Peter|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|year=2007|pages=428–429|chapter=John M. Coetzee|isbn=3-527-40678-6|url=http://books.google.com/?id=SRD2K80JYpYC&lpg=PA428&dq=Committee%20on%20Social%20Thought%20Coetzee%202003&pg=PA428#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> In addition to his novels, he has published critical works and translations from [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[Afrikaans]].<ref name="SA Tourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/us/full-article?oid=16723&sn=Detail&pid=7744|title=The reclusive Nobel Prize winner: J. M. Coetzee|publisher=South African Tourism|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

In June 2011, he gave a reading from his new book at the University of York, UK, though no title or release date was made available. Its title has since been revealed as ''The Childhood of Jesus'', due for release March 2013, and concerning the early life of Jesus, particularly his struggles to free himself from the iron-fisted discipline of his long-suffering parents, get the girl, earn a decent wage, and find his place in an unforgiving world.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2012/07/19/amazon-unveils-book-blurb-for-jm-coetzees-the-childhood-of-jesus/|title=Amazon Unveils Book Blurb for JM Coetzee's The Childhood of Jesus|date=19 July 2012|accessdate=19 July 2012}}</ref>

==Public image==
Coetzee is known as reclusive and avoids publicity to such an extent that he did not collect either of his two [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prizes]] in person.<ref name="Pienaar">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/brilliant-yet-aloof-coetzee-at-last-wins-nobel-prize-for-literature-581951.html|title=Brilliant yet aloof, Coetzee at last wins Nobel prize for literature|last=Pienaar|first=Hans|date=3 October 2003|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2003/oct/07/theeditorpressreview.jmcoetzee|title=What to say about ... JM Coetzee|last=Smith|first=Sandra|date=7 October 2003|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> Author [[Rian Malan]] has said that:

{{quote|Coetzee is a man of almost monkish self-discipline and dedication. He does not drink, smoke or eat meat. He cycles vast distances to keep fit and spends at least an hour at his writing-desk each morning, seven days a week. A colleague who has worked with him for more than a decade claims to have seen him laugh just once. An acquaintance has attended several dinner parties where Coetzee has uttered not a single word.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/199910250011|title=The New Statesman Profile – J M Coetzee|last=Cowley|first=Jason|date=25 October 1999|work=New Stateman|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>}}

As a result of his reclusive nature, signed copies of Coetzee's fiction are highly sought after.<ref name="SA Tourism" /> Recognising this, he was a key figure in the establishment of [[Oak Tree Press]]'s ''First Chapter Series'', a series of limited edition signed works by literary greats to raise money for the child victims and orphans of the African HIV/AIDS crisis.<ref name="First Chapter Series">{{cite web|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/perspective/articles/1198|title=How The First Chapter Series was born|last=Bray|first=Nancy|publisher=Booker Prize Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

==Achievements and awards==
Coetzee has been the recipient of numerous awards throughout his career, although he has a reputation for avoiding award ceremonies.<ref name="Lake">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090802/ART/708019974/1007|title=Starry-eyed Booker Prize|last=Lake|first=Ed|date=1 August 2009|work=The National|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> His novel ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' was awarded the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] and the [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]],<ref name="O'Neil">{{cite book|last=O'Neil|first=Patrick M.|title=Great World Writers: Twentieth Century|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|location=London|year=2004|pages=225–244|isbn=0-7614-7468-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=WWMyyHvajoEC&lpg=PA229&dq=faber%20memorial%20prize%20coetzee&pg=PA229#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> and he is a three-time winner of the [[CNA Prize]].<ref name="Banville">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20031103/banville|title=Being and nothingness|last=Banville|first=John|date=16 October 2003|work=The Nation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> ''[[Age of Iron]]'' was awarded the ''[[Sunday Express]]'' [[The Sunday Express Book of the Year|Book of the Year]] award,<ref name="Killam">{{cite book|last=Killam|first=Douglas|coauthors=Kerfoot, Alicia L.|title=Student Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Greenwood|location=Westport, CT|year=2007|pages=92–93|chapter=Coetzee, J(ohn) M(axwell)|isbn=0-313-33580-X|url=http://books.google.com/?id=hhGcVjjHTdkC&lpg=PA92&dq=jm%20coetzee%20strathclyde%20honorary&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> and ''[[The Master of Petersburg]]'' was awarded the ''[[Irish Times]]'' International Fiction Prize in 1995.<ref name="Booker profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/prize/authors/24|title=J M Coetzee|publisher=Booker Prize Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> He has also won the French [[Prix Femina Étranger]], the [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]], and the 1987 [[Jerusalem Prize|Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society]].<ref name="O'Neil" /><ref name="Killam" /><ref name="Jerusalem Prize">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/11/arts/coetzee-getting-prize-denounces-apartheid.html|title=Coetzee, getting prize, denounces apartheid|date=11 April 1987|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

He was the first writer to be awarded the Booker Prize twice: first for ''[[Life & Times of Michael K]]'' in 1983, and again for ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' in 1999.<ref name="Gibbons">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/oct/26/fiachragibbons|title=Absent Coetzee wins surprise second Booker award|last=Gibbons|first=Fiachra|date=26 October 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> Only one author has matched this since – Australian [[Peter Carey (novelist)|Peter Carey]]. Coetzee was named on the longlist for the 2009 prize for ''[[Summertime (novel)|Summertime]]''<ref name="Brown">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jul/28/heavyweights-clash-booker-longlist|title=Heavyweights clash on Booker longlist|last=Brown|first=Mark|date=28 July 2009|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> and was an early favourite to win.<ref name="Flood">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jul/29/booker-prize-jmcoetzee|title=Coetzee leads the bookies' Booker race|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=29 July 2009|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Langley">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/books-life/6138481/Man-Booker-Prize-J.M-Coetzee-profile.html|title=Man Booker Prize: J.M Coetzee profile|last=Langley|first=William|date=4 September 2009|work=Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2009-09-08}}</ref> Coetzee subsequently made the shortlist, but lost out to bookmakers' favourite and eventual winner [[Hilary Mantel]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8292488.stm|title=Mantel named Booker prize winner|date=6 October 2009|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-10-06}}</ref> Coetzee was also longlisted in 2003 for ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]'' and in 2005 for ''[[Slow Man]]''.<ref name="Booker profile" />

On 2 October 2003, [[Horace Engdahl]], head of the [[Swedish Academy]], announced that Coetzee had been chosen as that year's recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], making him the fifth African writer to be so honoured,<ref name="BBC News 1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3158278.stm|title=Coetzee wins Nobel literature prize|date=2 October 2003|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and the second South African after [[Nadine Gordimer]].<ref name="BBC News 2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3305847.stm|title=Coetzee receives Nobel honour|date=10 December 2003|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> When awarding the prize, the Swedish Academy stated that Coetzee "in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider".<ref name="Swedish Academy">{{cite news|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature: John Maxwell Coetzee|date=2 October 2003|publisher=Swedish Academy|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The press release for the award also cited his "well-crafted composition, pregnant dialogue and analytical brilliance," while focusing on the moral nature of his work.<ref name="Swedish Academy" /> The prize ceremony was held in Stockholm on 10 December 2003.<ref name="BBC News 2" />

Coetzee was awarded the [[Order of Mapungubwe]] (gold class) by the South African government on 27 September 2005 for his "exceptional contribution in the field of literature and for putting South Africa on the world stage."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=69|title=The Order of Mapungubwe in Gold|publisher=The Presidency, Republic of South Africa|accessdate=2009-08-02}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Adelaide,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news8841.html|title=JM Coetzee receives honorary doctorate|publisher=University of Adelaide|date=20 December 2005|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> [[La Trobe University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latrobe.edu.au/eap/degrees.html|title=Honorary degrees|publisher=La Trobe University|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University of Natal]],<ref name=Austin>{{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/ogs/awards/alumnus/awardpages/j_coetzee.html|title=John M. Coetzee|publisher=University of Texas at Austin|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University of Oxford]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2054507.stm|title=Oxford honours arts figures
|publisher=BBC News|date=21 June 2002|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> [[Rhodes University]],<ref name="Rhodes">{{cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.co.za/1999/04/12/easterncape/HONOURED.HTM|title=SA writer honoured by Rhodes|date=12 April 1999|work=Daily Dispatch|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|State University of New York at Buffalo]],<ref name="Killam" /> the [[University of Strathclyde]],<ref name="Killam" /> the [[University of Technology, Sydney]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsroom.uts.edu.au/news/detail.cfm?ItemId=12567|title=New honour for Nobel laureate|publisher=University of Technology, Sydney|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and the [[Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ifa.amu.edu.pl/fa/node/3397|title=The ceremony of awarding the title of doctor honoris causa to professor J.M. Coetzee|publisher=Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań|accessdate=2012-07-19}}</ref>

==Advocacy==
===Political orientation===
Writing about his past in the [[Third-person narrative|third person]], Coetzee states in ''Doubling the Point'' that:

{{quote|Politically, the ''[[Raznochintsy|raznochinets]]'' can go either way. But during his student years he, this person, this subject, my subject, steers clear of the right. As a child in [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] he has seen enough of the Afrikaner right, enough of its rant, to last him a lifetime. In fact, even before Worcester he has perhaps seen more of cruelty and violence than should have been allowed to a child. So as a student he moves on the fringes of the left without being part of the left. Sympathetic to the human concerns of the left, he is alienated, when the crunch comes, by its language – by all political language, in fact.<ref name="Doubling the Point">{{cite book|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|title=Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews|editor=Attwell, David|publisher=Cambridge, MA|location=Harvard University Press|year=1992|page=394|isbn=0-674-21518-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=dZ7_o8ElbQoC&lpg=PP1&dq=doubling%20the%20point&pg=PA394#v=onepage&q=}}</ref>}}

Asked about the latter part of this quote in an interview, Coetzee said:

{{quote|There is no longer a left worth speaking of, and a language of the left. The language of politics, with its new economistic bent, is even more repellent than it was fifteen years ago.<ref name="Poyner 1">{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual|editor=Poyner, Jane|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens, OH|year=2006|page=22|chapter=J. M. Coetzee in conversation with Jane Poyner|isbn=0-8214-1687-1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=BalLL9BL4acC&lpg=PA237&dq=%22J.%20M.%20Coetzee%20and%20the%20Ethics%20of%20Reading%3A%20Literature%20in%20the%20Event%22&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q=}}</ref>}}

===Views on South Africa===
Along with [[André Brink]] and [[Breyten Breytenbach]], Coetzee was, according to [[Fred Pfeil]], at "the forefront of the anti-apartheid movement within Afrikaner literature and letters".<ref name="Pfeil">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/archive/sexual-healing|title=Sexual healing|last=Pfeil|first=Fred|date=21 June 1986|work=The Nation|accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref> On accepting the Jerusalem Prize in 1987, Coetzee spoke of the limitations of art in South African society, whose structures had resulted in "deformed and stunted relations between human beings" and "a deformed and stunted inner life". He went on to say that "South African literature is a literature in bondage. It is a less than fully human literature. It is exactly the kind of literature you would expect people to write from prison". He called on the South African government to abandon its apartheid policy.<ref name="Jerusalem Prize" /> Scholar Isidore Diala states that J. M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer and André Brink are "three of South Africa's most distinguished white writers, all with definite anti-apartheid commitment".<ref name="Diala">{{cite journal|last=Diala|first=Isidore|year=2002|title=Nadine Gordimer, J. M. Coetzee, and André Brink: Guilt, expiation, and the reconciliation process in post-apartheid South Africa|journal=Journal of Modern Literature|volume=25|issue=2|pages=50–68|page=51|doi=10.1353/jml.2003.0004}}</ref>

It has been argued that Coetzee's 1999 novel ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' allegorises South Africa's [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]].<ref name="Poyner 2">{{cite journal|last=Poyner|first=Jane|year=2000|title=Truth and reconciliation in JM Coetzee's Disgrace (novel)|journal=Scrutiny2: Issues in English Studies in Southern Africa|volume=5|issue=2|pages=67–77|doi=10.1080/18125440008565972}}</ref> Asked about his views on the TRC, Coetzee has stated: "In a state with no official religion, the TRC was somewhat anomalous: a court of a certain kind based to a large degree on Christian teaching and on a strand of Christian teaching accepted in their hearts by only a tiny proportion of the citizenry. Only the future will tell what the TRC managed to achieve".<ref name="Poyner 1" />

Following his Australian citizenship ceremony, Coetzee said that "I did not so much leave South Africa, a country with which I retain strong emotional ties, but come to Australia. I came because from the time of my first visit in 1991, I was attracted by the free and generous spirit of the people, by the beauty of the land itself and – when I first saw Adelaide – by the grace of the city that I now have the honour of calling my home."<ref name=M&G/> When he initially moved to Australia, he had cited the South African government's lax attitude to [[Crime in South Africa|crime in that country]] as a reason for the move, leading to a spat with [[Thabo Mbeki]], who, speaking of Coetzee's novel ''Disgrace'' stated that "South Africa is not only a place of rape".<ref name=Pienaar/> In 1999, the [[African National Congress]] submission to an investigation into racism in the media by the [[South African Human Rights Commission]] named ''Disgrace'' as a novel exploiting racist stereotypes.<ref name="Jolly">{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual|editor=Poyner, Jane|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens, OH|year=2006|page=149|last=Jolly|first=Rosemary|chapter=Going to the dogs: Humanity in J. M. Coetzee's ''Disgrace'', ''The Lives of Animals'', and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission|isbn=0-8214-1687-1|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BalLL9BL4acC&lpg=PA148&dq=%22Going%20to%20the%20dogs%3A%20Humanity%20in%20J.%20M.%20Coetzee's%22&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> However, when Coetzee won his Nobel Prize, Mbeki congratulated him "on behalf of the South African nation and indeed the continent of Africa".<ref name="Laurence">{{cite news|url=http://www.hsf.org.za/resource-centre/focus/issues-31-40/issue-32-fourth-quarter-2003/jm-coetzee-incites-an-anc-egg-dance|title=JM Coetzee incites an ANC egg-dance|last=Laurence|first=Patrick|date=27 September 2007|publisher=[[Helen Suzman Foundation]]|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

===Criticism of anti-terrorism laws===
In 2005, Coetzee criticised contemporary anti-terrorism laws as resembling those employed by the apartheid regime in South Africa: "I used to think that the people who created [South Africa's] laws that effectively suspended the rule of law were moral barbarians. Now I know they were just pioneers ahead of their time".<ref name="Terror law">{{cite news|url=http://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=9396,1,22|title=JM Coetzee joins criticism of Australia terror law plan|date=24 October 2005|work=The Citizen|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The main character in Coetzee's 2007 ''[[Diary of a Bad Year]]'', which has been described as blending "memoir with fiction, academic criticism with novelistic narration" and refusing "to recognize the border that has traditionally separated [[political theory]] from fictional narrative",<ref name="Moses">{{cite news|url=http://www.reason.com/news/show/126870.html|title=State of discontent: J.M. Coetzee's anti-political fiction|last=Moses |first=Michael Valdez|date=July 2008|work=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> shares similar concerns about the policies of [[John Howard]] and [[George W. Bush]].<ref name="Hope">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22303991-5001986,00.html|title=Coetzee 'diary' targets PM|last=Hope|first=Deborah|date=25 August 2007|work=The Australian|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

===Animal rights===
In recent years, Coetzee has become a vocal critic of [[Cruelty to animals|animal cruelty]] and advocate for the [[animal rights]] movement.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/animals-cant-speak-for-themselves--its-up-to-us/2007/02/21/1171733841769.html|title=Animals can't speak for themselves — it's up to us to do it|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|work=The Age|date=22 February 2007|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> In a speech given on his behalf by [[Hugo Weaving]] in Sydney on 22 February 2007, Coetzee railed against the modern [[animal husbandry]] industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voiceless.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=410&Itemid=369|title=A word from J.M. Coetzee — Voiceless: I feel therefore I am|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|publisher=Voiceless|date=22 February 2007|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The speech was for Voiceless, an Australian [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] animal protection organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voiceless.org.au/About_Us/Misc/About_Us.html|title=About us|publisher=Voiceless|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> Coetzee's fiction has similarly engaged with the problems of animal cruelty and animal welfare, in particular his books ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'', ''[[The Lives of Animals]]'' and ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]''. He is [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.food24.com/Food24/Components/F24_Cuisine_Scene_Article/0,,1-12-14-65_12940,00.html|title=JM Coetzee on animal rights|publisher=Food24|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

==List of works==
Coetzee's published work consists of fiction, fictionalised autobiographies (which he terms "autrebiography"),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6827190.ece|title=J. M. Coetzee's autre-biography|first=Patrick|last=Denman Flanery|work=The Times Literary Supplement|date=9 September 2009|accessdate=16 September 2010}}</ref> and non-fiction.

'''Fiction'''
* ''[[Dusklands]]'' (1974) ISBN 0-14-024177-9
* ''[[In the Heart of the Country]]'' (1977) ISBN 0-14-006228-9
* ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' (1980) ISBN 0-14-006110-X
* ''[[Life & Times of Michael K]]'' (1983) ISBN 0-14-007448-1
* ''[[Foe (novel)|Foe]]'' (1986) ISBN 0-14-009623-X
* ''[[Age of Iron (book)|Age of Iron]]'' (1990) ISBN 0-14-027565-7
* ''[[The Master of Petersburg]]'' (1994) ISBN 0-14-023810-7
* ''[[The Lives of Animals]]'' (1999) ISBN 0-691-07089-X
* ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' (1999) ISBN 978-0-14-311528-1
* ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]'' (2003) ISBN 0-670-03130-5
* ''[[Slow Man]]'' (2005) ISBN 0-670-03459-2
* ''[[Diary of a Bad Year]]'' (2007) ISBN 1-84655-120-X
* ''[[The Childhood of Jesus]]'' (forthcoming, March 2013) ISBN 978-1846557262

'''Fictionalised autobiography'''
* ''[[Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life]]'' (1997) ISBN 0-14-026566-X
* ''[[Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II]]'' (2002) ISBN 0-670-03102-X
* ''[[Summertime (novel)|Summertime]]'' (2009) ISBN 1-84655-318-0
* ''[[Scenes from Provincial Life]]'' (2011) ISBN 1-84655-485-3. An edited single volume of ''Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life'', ''Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II'', and ''Summertime''.

'''Non-fiction'''
* ''[[White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa (book)|White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa]]'' (1988) ISBN 0-300-03974-3
* ''[[Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews (book)|Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews]]'' (1992) ISBN 0-674-21518-4
* ''[[Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship]]'' (1996), [[University of Chicago Press]] [hence, US spelling "offense"] ISBN 0-226-11176-8
* ''[[Stranger Shores: Literary Essays, 1986–1999]]'' (2002) ISBN 0-14-200137-6
* ''[[Inner Workings: Literary Essays, 2000–2005]]'' (2007) ISBN 0-09-950614-9
* ''Here and Now: Letters, 2008–2011'' (2013) A forthcoming collection of letters exchanged with Paul Auster.

'''Translations and introductions'''
* ''[[A Posthumous Confession]]'' by [[Marcellus Emants]] (Boston: Twayne, 1976 & London: Quartet, 1986) Translated by J. M. Coetzee.
* ''[[The Expedition to the Baobab Tree]]'' by [[Wilma Stockenström]] (Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball, 1983 & London: Faber, 1984) Translated by J. M. Coetzee.
* ''[[Landscape with Rowers: Poetry from the Netherlands]]'' Translated and Introduced by J. M. Coetzee (2004) ISBN 0-691-12385-3
* Introduction to ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' by [[Daniel Defoe]] ([[Oxford World's Classics]]) ISBN 0-19-210033-5
* Introduction to ''[[Brighton Rock (novel)|Brighton Rock]]'' by [[Graham Greene]] ([[Penguin Classics]]) ISBN 0-14-243797-2
* Introduction to ''[[Dangling Man]]'' by [[Saul Bellow]] (Penguin Classics) ISBN 0-14-303987-3
* Introduction to ''[[The Vivisector]]'' by [[Patrick White]] (Penguin, 1999) ISBN 0-14-310567-1
* Introduction to ''[[The Confusions of Young Törless]]'' by [[Robert Musil]] (Penguin Classics, 2001) ISBN 978-0-14-218000-6
* Introduction to ''Samuel Beckett: The Grove Centenary Edition'' vol. IV by [[Samuel Beckett]], edited by [[Paul Auster]] (New York: [[Grove Press]], 2006) ISBN 0-8021-1820-8

'''Book reviews'''
* {{cite journal |last=Coetzee |first=J. M. |date=30 April 2009|title=The Making of Samuel Beckett |journal=[[The New York Review of Books]] |volume=56 |issue=7 |pages=13–16|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22612}} – Coetzee reviews {{cite book |title='''The Letters of Samuel Beckett, Volume 1: 1929–1940''' |author=Martha Dow Fehsenfeld and Lois More Overbeck (eds)|year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=0-521-86793-2 |page= |pages= |url= }}

'''Film and TV adaptations'''
* ''[[Dust (1985 film)|Dust]]'' (1985), based on ''[[In the Heart of the Country]]''
* ''[[The Lives of Animals (TV film)|The Lives of Animals]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Disgrace (film)|Disgrace]]'' (2008)

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|first=David|last=Attwell|title=J. M. Coetzee: South Africa and the Politics of Writing|location=Berkeley, CA|publisher=University of California Press|year=1993|isbn=0-520-07812-8}}
* {{cite book|first=Gillian|last=Dooley|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Power of Narrative|location=New York|publisher=Cambria Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60497-673-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Patil|first=P. M.|title=Silence in J. M. Coetzee's ''Life and Times of Michael K''|journal=Synthesis: Indian Journal of English Literature & Language|volume=2|issue=2|year=2009|pages=70–74}}
* Stephen Mulhall, ''The Wounded Animal: J. M. Coetzee and the Difficulty of Reality in Literature and Philosophy'' (Princeton, 2008).

==See also==
* [[List of African writers]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://nobelprizes.com/nobel/literature/2003a.html J. M. Coetzee at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-lecture.html Coetzee Nobel Prize Lecture]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/press.html Swedish Academy Press Release]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/ref/books/author-coetzee.html J. M. Coetzee in the New York Times Archives]
* [http://www.sobriquetmagazine.com/labels/J.M.%20Coetzee.html An academic blog about writing a dissertation on Coetzee]
* [http://www.nybooks.com/authors/523 Coetzee article archive] from ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''
* [http://www.themonthly.com.au/node/1868 Video: J. M. Coetzee speaks about fundamentalism, curiosity and Patrick Allington's ''Figurehead'']
* [http://www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/documents/Coetzee99.pdf The Lives of Animals at The Tanner Lectures on Human values]
* [http://www.utexas.edu/know/2010/05/21/nobel_laureate_coetzee/ Video: J. M. Coetzee speaking at The University of Texas, Austin]
* [http://vimeo.com/19134318 Video: J. M. Coetzee speaking at the Jaipur Literature Festival]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=JP&hl=ja&v=kd7rc_vxiRk Video: David Malouf with J.M. Coetzee, Adelaide Writers Week/You can hear Coetzee introducing himself at the beginning of his speech]

{{John Maxwell Coetzee}}
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
{{Commonwealth Writers' Prize - Best Book Winners}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 2001-2025}}
{{2003 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{animal rights}}

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{{Persondata
| NAME = Coetzee, John Maxwell
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Contemporary South African novelist, translator and academic (now living in Australia), won the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
| DATE OF BIRTH = 9 February 1940
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cape Town]], South Africa
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coetzee, John Maxwell}}
[[Category:J. M. Coetzee| ]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Animal rights advocates]]
[[Category:Australian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Australian novelists]]
[[Category:Australian people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:Australian people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Australian people of South African descent]]
[[Category:Australian vegetarians]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:IBM employees]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of Australia]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Literature]]
[[Category:People from Cape Town]]
[[Category:People from the Western Cape]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]
[[Category:Prix Femina Étranger winners]]
[[Category:South African people of Afrikaner descent]]
[[Category:South African people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:South African expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:South African emigrants to Australia]]
[[Category:South African Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:South African novelists]]
[[Category:South African translators]]
[[Category:South African vegetarians]]
[[Category:State University of New York faculty]]
[[Category:Translators from Afrikaans]]
[[Category:Translators from Dutch]]
[[Category:Translators to English]]
[[Category:University at Buffalo faculty]]
[[Category:University of Cape Town academics]]
[[Category:University of Cape Town alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni]]
[[Category:White South African people]]

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[[sh:John Maxwell Coetzee]]
[[fi:J. M. Coetzee]]
[[sv:J.M. Coetzee]]
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[[tr:John Maxwell Coetzee]]
[[uk:Джон Максвелл Кутзее]]
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[[zh:约翰·马克斯维尔·库切]]

The Testament of Mary

2012-10-09T23:45:51Z

86.40.98.173: datemos

{{Infobox book 
| name = The Testament of Mary
| title_orig =
| image =
| image_caption =
| author = [[Colm Tóibín]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = Ireland
| language = [[English language|English]]
| series =
| subject = 
| genre = [[Fiction]]
| publisher = [[Scribner's]]
| release_date = 13 November 2012
| media_type = Print ([[hardcover]])
| pages = 96 pp (hardback)
| isbn = 978-1451688382
| preceded_by = '''[[Brooklyn (novel)|Brooklyn]]'''
| followed_by = 
}}
'''''The Testament of Mary''''' is a short novel by [[Irish people|Irish]] writer [[Colm Tóibín]]. The book will be published on 13 November 2012 by [[Scribner's]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jul/13/big-novels-2012|title=The big novels of 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Media Group|date=13 July 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref>

==Plot==
The novel concerns the life of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]], mother of Jesus, in her old age. She does not believe that her son was the son of God and refuses to co-operate with the writers of the gospels, who regularly visit her and provide her with food and shelter.

==Reception==
Initial critical reception for the book has been positive,<ref>{{cite web|title=Starred Review: THE TESTAMENT OF MARY|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/colm-toibin/testament-mary/|publisher=Kirkus Reviews|accessdate=3 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fiction Review: The Testament of Mary|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4516-8838-2|publisher=Publishers Weekly|accessdate=3 October 2012}}</ref> with a reviewer for the ''[[Irish Independent]]'' writing that "To say that this is a departure for the Wexford novelist is an understatement, but it can hardly fail to be a major talking point when it's published in October".<ref>{{cite news|first=John|last=Boland|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/holy-god-here-come-the-big-guns-3174832.html|title=Holy God, here come the big guns|newspaper=Irish Independent|publisher=Independent News & Media|date=21 July 2012|accessdate=21 July 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Colm Tóibín}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Testament of Mary, The}}
[[Category:2012 novels]]
[[Category:Books by Colm Tóibín]]
[[Category:Jesus in popular culture]]

{{2010s-novel-stub}}

The Testament of Mary

2012-10-09T23:45:35Z

86.40.98.173:

{{Infobox book 
| name = The Testament of Mary
| title_orig =
| image =
| image_caption =
| author = [[Colm Tóibín]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = Ireland
| language = [[English language|English]]
| series =
| subject = 
| genre = [[Fiction]]
| publisher = [[Scribner's]]
| release_date = 13 November 2012
| media_type = Print ([[hardcover]])
| pages = 96 pp (hardback)
| isbn = 978-1451688382
| preceded_by = '''[[Brooklyn (novel)|Brooklyn]]'''
| followed_by = 
}}
'''''The Testament of Mary''''' is a short novel by [[Irish people|Irish]] writer [[Colm Tóibín]]. The book will be published on November 13, 2012 by [[Scribner's]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jul/13/big-novels-2012|title=The big novels of 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Media Group|date=13 July 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref>

==Plot==
The novel concerns the life of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]], mother of Jesus, in her old age. She does not believe that her son was the son of God and refuses to co-operate with the writers of the gospels, who regularly visit her and provide her with food and shelter.

==Reception==
Initial critical reception for the book has been positive,<ref>{{cite web|title=Starred Review: THE TESTAMENT OF MARY|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/colm-toibin/testament-mary/|publisher=Kirkus Reviews|accessdate=3 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fiction Review: The Testament of Mary|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4516-8838-2|publisher=Publishers Weekly|accessdate=3 October 2012}}</ref> with a reviewer for the ''[[Irish Independent]]'' writing that "To say that this is a departure for the Wexford novelist is an understatement, but it can hardly fail to be a major talking point when it's published in October".<ref>{{cite news|first=John|last=Boland|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/holy-god-here-come-the-big-guns-3174832.html|title=Holy God, here come the big guns|newspaper=Irish Independent|publisher=Independent News & Media|date=21 July 2012|accessdate=21 July 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Colm Tóibín}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Testament of Mary, The}}
[[Category:2012 novels]]
[[Category:Books by Colm Tóibín]]
[[Category:Jesus in popular culture]]

{{2010s-novel-stub}}

J. M. Coetzee

2012-10-09T23:43:58Z

86.40.98.173: there should be a comma between those institutions

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = J. M. Coetzee
| birth_name = John Maxwell Coetzee
| image = J.M. Coetzee.JPG
| caption = J. M. Coetzee in [[Warsaw]] (2006)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|2|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cape Town]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]]
| occupation = Novelist, essayist, literary critic, linguist, translator
| language = English, [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| nationality = [[South African]], [[Australian]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]], [[University of Cape Town]]
| influences = [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Ford Madox Ford]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[Daniel Defoe]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Zbigniew Herbert]], [[Samuel Richardson]], [[Robert Walser (writer)|Robert Walser]]
| influenced =
| awards =
{{plainlist |
* {{awd|[[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]]|1983}}
* {{awd|Booker Prize|1999}}
* {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|2003}}
}}
}}
'''John Maxwell "J. M." Coetzee''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ʊ|t|ˈ|s|iː|ə}} {{respell|kuut|SEE|ə}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite news|title=David Malouf with J.M. Coetzee, Adelaide Writers Week|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd7rc_vxiRk|accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref> born 9 February 1940) is a novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]. Of South African origin, he is now an [[Australian nationality law|Australian citizen]] and lives in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]]. Prior to receiving the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature, Coetzee twice won the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]].

==Early life==
Coetzee was born in [[Cape Town]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]], on 9 February 1940<ref>{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading: Literature in the Event|first=Derek|last=Attridge|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|year=2004|page=94|isbn=978-0-226-03117-0}}</ref> to parents of [[Afrikaner]] descent.<ref name="Richards Cooper">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/02/books/portrait-of-the-writer-as-an-afrikaner.html|title=Portrait of the writer as an Afrikaner|last=Richards Cooper|first=Rand|date=2 November 1997|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> His father was an occasional lawyer, government employee and sheep farmer, and his mother a schoolteacher.<ref name="Head">{{cite book|last=Head|first=Dominic|title=The Cambridge Introduction to J. M. Coetzee|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2009|pages=1–2|isbn=0-521-68709-8}}</ref><ref name="Emory">{{cite web|url=http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Coetzee.html|title=J.M. Coetzee|last=Price|first=Jonathan|date=Autumn 2000|publisher=Emory University|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> The family spoke English at home, but Coetzee spoke Afrikaans with other relatives.<ref name=Head/> Coetzee is descended from early Dutch immigrants dating to the 17th century,<ref name="Nobel calling">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/a-nobel-calling-100-years-of-controversy-510876.html|title=A Nobel calling: 100 years of controversy|date=14 October 2005|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and also has [[Poles|Polish]] ancestry from his maternal great-grandfather, Baltazar Dubiel.

Coetzee spent most of his early life in Cape Town and in [[Worcester, South Africa|Worcester]] in Cape Province (modern-day [[Western Cape]]) as recounted in his fictionalized memoir, ''[[Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life|Boyhood]]'' (1997). The family moved to Worcester when Coetzee was eight after his father lost his government job due to disagreements over the state's [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid]] policy.<ref name="Emory" /> Coetzee attended St. Joseph's College, a Catholic school in the Cape Town suburb of [[Rondebosch]],<ref name="Lowry">{{cite news|url=http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25339-2648841,00.html|title=J. M. Coetzee's ruffled mirrors|last=Lowry|first=Elizabeth|date=22 August 2007|work=Times Literary Supplement|accessdate=2009-08-02 | location=London}}</ref> and later studied mathematics and English at the [[University of Cape Town]], receiving his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1960 and his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Mathematics in 1961.<ref name="Easton">{{cite news|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030925/dsp-named.shtml|title=Faculty receive DSPs, named professorships|last=Easton|first=John|coauthors=Friedman, Allan; Harms, William; Koppes, Steve; Sanders, Seth|date=23 September 2003|work=University of Chicago Chronicle|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref><ref name="Who's Who">{{cite web|url=http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=5422|title=Professor John "JM" COETZEE|publisher=Who's Who of Southern Africa|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

Coetzee married Philippa Jubber in 1963<ref name="Nobel profile">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-bio.html|title=J. M. Coetzee|year=2003|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> and divorced in 1980.<ref name="Emory" /> He had a daughter, Gisela (born 1968), and a son, Nicolas (born 1966), from the marriage.<ref name="Nobel profile" /> Nicolas died in 1989 at the age of 23 in an accident.<ref name="Emory" /><ref name="Nobel profile" /><ref name="Gallagher">{{cite book|last=Gallagher|first=Susan|title=A Story of South Africa: J. M. Coetzee's Fiction in Context|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|year=1991|page=194|isbn=0-674-83972-2}}</ref><ref name="Scanlan">{{cite journal|last=Scanlan|first=Margaret|year=1997|title=Incriminating documents: Nechaev and Dostoevsky in J. M. Coetzee's ''The Master of St Petersburg''|journal=[[Philological Quarterly]]|volume=76|issue=4|pages=463–477|page=477}}</ref><ref name="Pearlman">{{cite news|title=J.M. Coetzee again sheds light on the 'black gloom' of isolation|last=Pearlman|first=Mickey|date=18 September 2005|work=[[Star Tribune]]|page=14F|accessdate=2009-09-01}}</ref>

On 6 March 2006, Coetzee became an Australian citizen.<ref name=M&G/>

==Academic and literary career==
Coetzee relocated to the United Kingdom in 1962, where he worked as a computer programmer, staying until 1965.<ref name="Head" /> He worked for [[IBM]] in London. In 1963, while working in the UK, he was awarded a Master of Arts degree from the [[University of Cape Town]] for a dissertation on the novels of [[Ford Madox Ford]].<ref name="Head" /> His experiences in England were later recounted in ''[[Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II|Youth]]'' (2002), his second volume of fictionalized memoirs.

Coetzee went to the [[University of Texas at Austin]], in the United States, on the [[Fulbright Program]] in 1965. He received a PhD in linguistics there in 1969. His PhD thesis was on computer [[Stylistics (linguistics)|stylistic analysis]] of the works of [[Samuel Beckett]].<ref name="Head" /> In 1968, he began teaching English literature at the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|State University of New York at Buffalo]] where he stayed until 1971.<ref name="Head" /> It was at Buffalo that he started his first novel, ''[[Dusklands]]''.<ref name="Head" /> In 1971, Coetzee sought permanent residence in the United States, but it was denied due to his involvement in [[Opposition to the Vietnam War|anti-Vietnam-War protests]]. In March 1970, Coetzee had been one of 45 faculty members who occupied the university's Hayes Hall and were subsequently arrested for criminal trespass.<ref name="Buffalo News">{{cite news|title=A rare interview with literary giant J. M. Coetzee|date=13 October 2002|work=Buffalo News|page=E1|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> He then returned to South Africa to teach English literature at the University of Cape Town. He was promoted to Professor of General Literature in 1983 and was Distinguished Professor of Literature between 1999 and 2001.<ref name="Head" /> Upon retiring in 2002, Coetzee relocated to Adelaide, Australia, where he was made an honorary research fellow at the English Department of the [[University of Adelaide]],<ref name=M&G>{{cite news| title = JM Coetzee becomes an Australian citizen| work= [[Mail & Guardian]]| date = 2006-03-06| url = http://mg.co.za/article/2006-03-06-jm-coetzee-becomes-an-australian-citizen| accessdate = 2011-08-31}}</ref> where his partner, Dorothy Driver,<ref name="Who's Who" /> is a fellow academic.<ref name="Driver">{{cite web|url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/dorothy.driver|title=Professor Dorothy Driver|publisher=University of Adelaide|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> He served as professor on the [[Committee on Social Thought]] at the [[University of Chicago]] until 2003.<ref name="Richmond">{{cite book|last=Richmond|first=Chris|title=Nobel Faces: A Gallery of Nobel Prize Winners|editor=Badge, Peter|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|year=2007|pages=428–429|chapter=John M. Coetzee|isbn=3-527-40678-6|url=http://books.google.com/?id=SRD2K80JYpYC&lpg=PA428&dq=Committee%20on%20Social%20Thought%20Coetzee%202003&pg=PA428#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> In addition to his novels, he has published critical works and translations from [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[Afrikaans]].<ref name="SA Tourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/us/full-article?oid=16723&sn=Detail&pid=7744|title=The reclusive Nobel Prize winner: J. M. Coetzee|publisher=South African Tourism|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

In June 2011, he gave a reading from his new book at the University of York, UK, though no title or release date was made available. Its title has since been revealed as ''The Childhood of Jesus'', due for release March 2013, and concerning the early life of Jesus, particularly his struggles to free himself from the iron-fisted discipline of his long-suffering parents, get the girl, earn a decent wage, and find his place in an unforgiving world.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2012/07/19/amazon-unveils-book-blurb-for-jm-coetzees-the-childhood-of-jesus/|title=Amazon Unveils Book Blurb for JM Coetzee's The Childhood of Jesus|date=19 July 2012|accessdate=19 July 2012}}</ref>

==Public image==
Coetzee is known as reclusive and avoids publicity to such an extent that he did not collect either of his two [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prizes]] in person.<ref name="Pienaar">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/brilliant-yet-aloof-coetzee-at-last-wins-nobel-prize-for-literature-581951.html|title=Brilliant yet aloof, Coetzee at last wins Nobel prize for literature|last=Pienaar|first=Hans|date=3 October 2003|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2003/oct/07/theeditorpressreview.jmcoetzee|title=What to say about ... JM Coetzee|last=Smith|first=Sandra|date=7 October 2003|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> Author [[Rian Malan]] has said that:

{{quote|Coetzee is a man of almost monkish self-discipline and dedication. He does not drink, smoke or eat meat. He cycles vast distances to keep fit and spends at least an hour at his writing-desk each morning, seven days a week. A colleague who has worked with him for more than a decade claims to have seen him laugh just once. An acquaintance has attended several dinner parties where Coetzee has uttered not a single word.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/199910250011|title=The New Statesman Profile – J M Coetzee|last=Cowley|first=Jason|date=25 October 1999|work=New Stateman|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>}}

As a result of his reclusive nature, signed copies of Coetzee's fiction are highly sought after.<ref name="SA Tourism" /> Recognising this, he was a key figure in the establishment of [[Oak Tree Press]]'s ''First Chapter Series'', a series of limited edition signed works by literary greats to raise money for the child victims and orphans of the African HIV/AIDS crisis.<ref name="First Chapter Series">{{cite web|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/perspective/articles/1198|title=How The First Chapter Series was born|last=Bray|first=Nancy|publisher=Booker Prize Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

==Achievements and awards==
Coetzee has been the recipient of numerous awards throughout his career, although he has a reputation for avoiding award ceremonies.<ref name="Lake">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090802/ART/708019974/1007|title=Starry-eyed Booker Prize|last=Lake|first=Ed|date=1 August 2009|work=The National|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> His novel ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' was awarded the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] and the [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]],<ref name="O'Neil">{{cite book|last=O'Neil|first=Patrick M.|title=Great World Writers: Twentieth Century|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|location=London|year=2004|pages=225–244|isbn=0-7614-7468-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=WWMyyHvajoEC&lpg=PA229&dq=faber%20memorial%20prize%20coetzee&pg=PA229#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> and he is a three-time winner of the [[CNA Prize]].<ref name="Banville">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20031103/banville|title=Being and nothingness|last=Banville|first=John|date=16 October 2003|work=The Nation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> ''[[Age of Iron]]'' was awarded the ''[[Sunday Express]]'' [[The Sunday Express Book of the Year|Book of the Year]] award,<ref name="Killam">{{cite book|last=Killam|first=Douglas|coauthors=Kerfoot, Alicia L.|title=Student Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Greenwood|location=Westport, CT|year=2007|pages=92–93|chapter=Coetzee, J(ohn) M(axwell)|isbn=0-313-33580-X|url=http://books.google.com/?id=hhGcVjjHTdkC&lpg=PA92&dq=jm%20coetzee%20strathclyde%20honorary&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> and ''[[The Master of Petersburg]]'' was awarded the ''[[Irish Times]]'' International Fiction Prize in 1995.<ref name="Booker profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/prize/authors/24|title=J M Coetzee|publisher=Booker Prize Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> He has also won the French [[Prix Femina Étranger]], the [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]], and the 1987 [[Jerusalem Prize|Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society]].<ref name="O'Neil" /><ref name="Killam" /><ref name="Jerusalem Prize">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/11/arts/coetzee-getting-prize-denounces-apartheid.html|title=Coetzee, getting prize, denounces apartheid|date=11 April 1987|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

He was the first writer to be awarded the Booker Prize twice: first for ''[[Life & Times of Michael K]]'' in 1983, and again for ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' in 1999.<ref name="Gibbons">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/oct/26/fiachragibbons|title=Absent Coetzee wins surprise second Booker award|last=Gibbons|first=Fiachra|date=26 October 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> Only one author has matched this since – Australian [[Peter Carey (novelist)|Peter Carey]]. Coetzee was named on the longlist for the 2009 prize for ''[[Summertime (novel)|Summertime]]''<ref name="Brown">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jul/28/heavyweights-clash-booker-longlist|title=Heavyweights clash on Booker longlist|last=Brown|first=Mark|date=28 July 2009|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> and was an early favourite to win.<ref name="Flood">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jul/29/booker-prize-jmcoetzee|title=Coetzee leads the bookies' Booker race|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=29 July 2009|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Langley">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/books-life/6138481/Man-Booker-Prize-J.M-Coetzee-profile.html|title=Man Booker Prize: J.M Coetzee profile|last=Langley|first=William|date=4 September 2009|work=Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2009-09-08}}</ref> Coetzee subsequently made the shortlist, but lost out to bookmakers' favourite and eventual winner [[Hilary Mantel]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8292488.stm|title=Mantel named Booker prize winner|date=6 October 2009|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-10-06}}</ref> Coetzee was also longlisted in 2003 for ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]'' and in 2005 for ''[[Slow Man]]''.<ref name="Booker profile" />

On 2 October 2003, [[Horace Engdahl]], head of the [[Swedish Academy]], announced that Coetzee had been chosen as that year's recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], making him the fifth African writer to be so honoured,<ref name="BBC News 1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3158278.stm|title=Coetzee wins Nobel literature prize|date=2 October 2003|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and the second South African after [[Nadine Gordimer]].<ref name="BBC News 2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3305847.stm|title=Coetzee receives Nobel honour|date=10 December 2003|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> When awarding the prize, the Swedish Academy stated that Coetzee "in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider".<ref name="Swedish Academy">{{cite news|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature: John Maxwell Coetzee|date=2 October 2003|publisher=Swedish Academy|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The press release for the award also cited his "well-crafted composition, pregnant dialogue and analytical brilliance," while focusing on the moral nature of his work.<ref name="Swedish Academy" /> The prize ceremony was held in Stockholm on 10 December 2003.<ref name="BBC News 2" />

Coetzee was awarded the [[Order of Mapungubwe]] (gold class) by the South African government on 27 September 2005 for his "exceptional contribution in the field of literature and for putting South Africa on the world stage."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=69|title=The Order of Mapungubwe in Gold|publisher=The Presidency, Republic of South Africa|accessdate=2009-08-02}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Adelaide,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news8841.html|title=JM Coetzee receives honorary doctorate|publisher=University of Adelaide|date=20 December 2005|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> [[La Trobe University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latrobe.edu.au/eap/degrees.html|title=Honorary degrees|publisher=La Trobe University|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University of Natal]],<ref name=Austin>{{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/ogs/awards/alumnus/awardpages/j_coetzee.html|title=John M. Coetzee|publisher=University of Texas at Austin|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University of Oxford]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2054507.stm|title=Oxford honours arts figures
|publisher=BBC News|date=21 June 2002|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> [[Rhodes University]],<ref name="Rhodes">{{cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.co.za/1999/04/12/easterncape/HONOURED.HTM|title=SA writer honoured by Rhodes|date=12 April 1999|work=Daily Dispatch|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|State University of New York at Buffalo]],<ref name="Killam" /> the [[University of Strathclyde]],<ref name="Killam" /> the [[University of Technology, Sydney]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsroom.uts.edu.au/news/detail.cfm?ItemId=12567|title=New honour for Nobel laureate|publisher=University of Technology, Sydney|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and the [[Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ifa.amu.edu.pl/fa/node/3397|title=The ceremony of awarding the title of doctor honoris causa to professor J.M. Coetzee|publisher=Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań|accessdate=2012-07-19}}</ref>

==Politics==
===Political orientation===
Writing about his past in the [[Third-person narrative|third person]], Coetzee states in ''Doubling the Point'' that:

{{quote|Politically, the ''[[Raznochintsy|raznochinets]]'' can go either way. But during his student years he, this person, this subject, my subject, steers clear of the right. As a child in [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] he has seen enough of the Afrikaner right, enough of its rant, to last him a lifetime. In fact, even before Worcester he has perhaps seen more of cruelty and violence than should have been allowed to a child. So as a student he moves on the fringes of the left without being part of the left. Sympathetic to the human concerns of the left, he is alienated, when the crunch comes, by its language – by all political language, in fact.<ref name="Doubling the Point">{{cite book|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|title=Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews|editor=Attwell, David|publisher=Cambridge, MA|location=Harvard University Press|year=1992|page=394|isbn=0-674-21518-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=dZ7_o8ElbQoC&lpg=PP1&dq=doubling%20the%20point&pg=PA394#v=onepage&q=}}</ref>}}

Asked about the latter part of this quote in an interview, Coetzee said:

{{quote|There is no longer a left worth speaking of, and a language of the left. The language of politics, with its new economistic bent, is even more repellent than it was fifteen years ago.<ref name="Poyner 1">{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual|editor=Poyner, Jane|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens, OH|year=2006|page=22|chapter=J. M. Coetzee in conversation with Jane Poyner|isbn=0-8214-1687-1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=BalLL9BL4acC&lpg=PA237&dq=%22J.%20M.%20Coetzee%20and%20the%20Ethics%20of%20Reading%3A%20Literature%20in%20the%20Event%22&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q=}}</ref>}}

===Views on South Africa===
Along with [[André Brink]] and [[Breyten Breytenbach]], Coetzee was, according to [[Fred Pfeil]], at "the forefront of the anti-apartheid movement within Afrikaner literature and letters".<ref name="Pfeil">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/archive/sexual-healing|title=Sexual healing|last=Pfeil|first=Fred|date=21 June 1986|work=The Nation|accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref> On accepting the Jerusalem Prize in 1987, Coetzee spoke of the limitations of art in South African society, whose structures had resulted in "deformed and stunted relations between human beings" and "a deformed and stunted inner life". He went on to say that "South African literature is a literature in bondage. It is a less than fully human literature. It is exactly the kind of literature you would expect people to write from prison". He called on the South African government to abandon its apartheid policy.<ref name="Jerusalem Prize" /> Scholar Isidore Diala states that J. M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer and André Brink are "three of South Africa's most distinguished white writers, all with definite anti-apartheid commitment".<ref name="Diala">{{cite journal|last=Diala|first=Isidore|year=2002|title=Nadine Gordimer, J. M. Coetzee, and André Brink: Guilt, expiation, and the reconciliation process in post-apartheid South Africa|journal=Journal of Modern Literature|volume=25|issue=2|pages=50–68|page=51|doi=10.1353/jml.2003.0004}}</ref>

It has been argued that Coetzee's 1999 novel ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' allegorises South Africa's [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]].<ref name="Poyner 2">{{cite journal|last=Poyner|first=Jane|year=2000|title=Truth and reconciliation in JM Coetzee's Disgrace (novel)|journal=Scrutiny2: Issues in English Studies in Southern Africa|volume=5|issue=2|pages=67–77|doi=10.1080/18125440008565972}}</ref> Asked about his views on the TRC, Coetzee has stated: "In a state with no official religion, the TRC was somewhat anomalous: a court of a certain kind based to a large degree on Christian teaching and on a strand of Christian teaching accepted in their hearts by only a tiny proportion of the citizenry. Only the future will tell what the TRC managed to achieve".<ref name="Poyner 1" />

Following his Australian citizenship ceremony, Coetzee said that "I did not so much leave South Africa, a country with which I retain strong emotional ties, but come to Australia. I came because from the time of my first visit in 1991, I was attracted by the free and generous spirit of the people, by the beauty of the land itself and – when I first saw Adelaide – by the grace of the city that I now have the honour of calling my home."<ref name=M&G/> When he initially moved to Australia, he had cited the South African government's lax attitude to [[Crime in South Africa|crime in that country]] as a reason for the move, leading to a spat with [[Thabo Mbeki]], who, speaking of Coetzee's novel ''Disgrace'' stated that "South Africa is not only a place of rape".<ref name=Pienaar/> In 1999, the [[African National Congress]] submission to an investigation into racism in the media by the [[South African Human Rights Commission]] named ''Disgrace'' as a novel exploiting racist stereotypes.<ref name="Jolly">{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual|editor=Poyner, Jane|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens, OH|year=2006|page=149|last=Jolly|first=Rosemary|chapter=Going to the dogs: Humanity in J. M. Coetzee's ''Disgrace'', ''The Lives of Animals'', and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission|isbn=0-8214-1687-1|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BalLL9BL4acC&lpg=PA148&dq=%22Going%20to%20the%20dogs%3A%20Humanity%20in%20J.%20M.%20Coetzee's%22&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> However, when Coetzee won his Nobel Prize, Mbeki congratulated him "on behalf of the South African nation and indeed the continent of Africa".<ref name="Laurence">{{cite news|url=http://www.hsf.org.za/resource-centre/focus/issues-31-40/issue-32-fourth-quarter-2003/jm-coetzee-incites-an-anc-egg-dance|title=JM Coetzee incites an ANC egg-dance|last=Laurence|first=Patrick|date=27 September 2007|publisher=[[Helen Suzman Foundation]]|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

===Criticism of anti-terrorism laws===
In 2005, Coetzee criticised contemporary anti-terrorism laws as resembling those employed by the apartheid regime in South Africa: "I used to think that the people who created [South Africa's] laws that effectively suspended the rule of law were moral barbarians. Now I know they were just pioneers ahead of their time".<ref name="Terror law">{{cite news|url=http://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=9396,1,22|title=JM Coetzee joins criticism of Australia terror law plan|date=24 October 2005|work=The Citizen|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The main character in Coetzee's 2007 ''[[Diary of a Bad Year]]'', which has been described as blending "memoir with fiction, academic criticism with novelistic narration" and refusing "to recognize the border that has traditionally separated [[political theory]] from fictional narrative",<ref name="Moses">{{cite news|url=http://www.reason.com/news/show/126870.html|title=State of discontent: J.M. Coetzee's anti-political fiction|last=Moses |first=Michael Valdez|date=July 2008|work=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> shares similar concerns about the policies of [[John Howard]] and [[George W. Bush]].<ref name="Hope">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22303991-5001986,00.html|title=Coetzee 'diary' targets PM|last=Hope|first=Deborah|date=25 August 2007|work=The Australian|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

===Animal rights===
In recent years, Coetzee has become a vocal critic of [[Cruelty to animals|animal cruelty]] and advocate for the [[animal rights]] movement.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/animals-cant-speak-for-themselves--its-up-to-us/2007/02/21/1171733841769.html|title=Animals can't speak for themselves — it's up to us to do it|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|work=The Age|date=22 February 2007|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> In a speech given on his behalf by [[Hugo Weaving]] in Sydney on 22 February 2007, Coetzee railed against the modern [[animal husbandry]] industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voiceless.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=410&Itemid=369|title=A word from J.M. Coetzee — Voiceless: I feel therefore I am|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|publisher=Voiceless|date=22 February 2007|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The speech was for Voiceless, an Australian [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] animal protection organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voiceless.org.au/About_Us/Misc/About_Us.html|title=About us|publisher=Voiceless|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> Coetzee's fiction has similarly engaged with the problems of animal cruelty and animal welfare, in particular his books ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'', ''[[The Lives of Animals]]'' and ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]''. He is [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.food24.com/Food24/Components/F24_Cuisine_Scene_Article/0,,1-12-14-65_12940,00.html|title=JM Coetzee on animal rights|publisher=Food24|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

==List of works==
Coetzee's published work consists of fiction, fictionalised autobiographies (which he terms "autrebiography"),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6827190.ece|title=J. M. Coetzee's autre-biography|first=Patrick|last=Denman Flanery|work=The Times Literary Supplement|date=9 September 2009|accessdate=16 September 2010}}</ref> and non-fiction.

'''Fiction'''
* ''[[Dusklands]]'' (1974) ISBN 0-14-024177-9
* ''[[In the Heart of the Country]]'' (1977) ISBN 0-14-006228-9
* ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' (1980) ISBN 0-14-006110-X
* ''[[Life & Times of Michael K]]'' (1983) ISBN 0-14-007448-1
* ''[[Foe (novel)|Foe]]'' (1986) ISBN 0-14-009623-X
* ''[[Age of Iron (book)|Age of Iron]]'' (1990) ISBN 0-14-027565-7
* ''[[The Master of Petersburg]]'' (1994) ISBN 0-14-023810-7
* ''[[The Lives of Animals]]'' (1999) ISBN 0-691-07089-X
* ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' (1999) ISBN 978-0-14-311528-1
* ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]'' (2003) ISBN 0-670-03130-5
* ''[[Slow Man]]'' (2005) ISBN 0-670-03459-2
* ''[[Diary of a Bad Year]]'' (2007) ISBN 1-84655-120-X
* ''[[The Childhood of Jesus]]'' (forthcoming, March 2013) ISBN 978-1846557262

'''Fictionalised autobiography'''
* ''[[Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life]]'' (1997) ISBN 0-14-026566-X
* ''[[Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II]]'' (2002) ISBN 0-670-03102-X
* ''[[Summertime (novel)|Summertime]]'' (2009) ISBN 1-84655-318-0
* ''[[Scenes from Provincial Life]]'' (2011) ISBN 1-84655-485-3. An edited single volume of ''Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life'', ''Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II'', and ''Summertime''.

'''Non-fiction'''
* ''[[White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa (book)|White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa]]'' (1988) ISBN 0-300-03974-3
* ''[[Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews (book)|Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews]]'' (1992) ISBN 0-674-21518-4
* ''[[Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship]]'' (1996), [[University of Chicago Press]] [hence, US spelling "offense"] ISBN 0-226-11176-8
* ''[[Stranger Shores: Literary Essays, 1986–1999]]'' (2002) ISBN 0-14-200137-6
* ''[[Inner Workings: Literary Essays, 2000–2005]]'' (2007) ISBN 0-09-950614-9
* ''Here and Now: Letters, 2008–2011'' (2013) A forthcoming collection of letters exchanged with Paul Auster.

'''Translations and introductions'''
* ''[[A Posthumous Confession]]'' by [[Marcellus Emants]] (Boston: Twayne, 1976 & London: Quartet, 1986) Translated by J. M. Coetzee.
* ''[[The Expedition to the Baobab Tree]]'' by [[Wilma Stockenström]] (Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball, 1983 & London: Faber, 1984) Translated by J. M. Coetzee.
* ''[[Landscape with Rowers: Poetry from the Netherlands]]'' Translated and Introduced by J. M. Coetzee (2004) ISBN 0-691-12385-3
* Introduction to ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' by [[Daniel Defoe]] ([[Oxford World's Classics]]) ISBN 0-19-210033-5
* Introduction to ''[[Brighton Rock (novel)|Brighton Rock]]'' by [[Graham Greene]] ([[Penguin Classics]]) ISBN 0-14-243797-2
* Introduction to ''[[Dangling Man]]'' by [[Saul Bellow]] (Penguin Classics) ISBN 0-14-303987-3
* Introduction to ''[[The Vivisector]]'' by [[Patrick White]] (Penguin, 1999) ISBN 0-14-310567-1
* Introduction to ''[[The Confusions of Young Törless]]'' by [[Robert Musil]] (Penguin Classics, 2001) ISBN 978-0-14-218000-6
* Introduction to ''Samuel Beckett: The Grove Centenary Edition'' vol. IV by [[Samuel Beckett]], edited by [[Paul Auster]] (New York: [[Grove Press]], 2006) ISBN 0-8021-1820-8

'''Book reviews'''
* {{cite journal |last=Coetzee |first=J. M. |date=30 April 2009|title=The Making of Samuel Beckett |journal=[[The New York Review of Books]] |volume=56 |issue=7 |pages=13–16|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22612}} – Coetzee reviews {{cite book |title='''The Letters of Samuel Beckett, Volume 1: 1929–1940''' |author=Martha Dow Fehsenfeld and Lois More Overbeck (eds)|year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=0-521-86793-2 |page= |pages= |url= }}

'''Film and TV adaptations'''
* ''[[Dust (1985 film)|Dust]]'' (1985), based on ''[[In the Heart of the Country]]''
* ''[[The Lives of Animals (TV film)|The Lives of Animals]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Disgrace (film)|Disgrace]]'' (2008)

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|first=David|last=Attwell|title=J. M. Coetzee: South Africa and the Politics of Writing|location=Berkeley, CA|publisher=University of California Press|year=1993|isbn=0-520-07812-8}}
* {{cite book|first=Gillian|last=Dooley|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Power of Narrative|location=New York|publisher=Cambria Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60497-673-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Patil|first=P. M.|title=Silence in J. M. Coetzee's ''Life and Times of Michael K''|journal=Synthesis: Indian Journal of English Literature & Language|volume=2|issue=2|year=2009|pages=70–74}}
* Stephen Mulhall, ''The Wounded Animal: J. M. Coetzee and the Difficulty of Reality in Literature and Philosophy'' (Princeton, 2008).

==See also==
* [[List of African writers]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://nobelprizes.com/nobel/literature/2003a.html J. M. Coetzee at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-lecture.html Coetzee Nobel Prize Lecture]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/press.html Swedish Academy Press Release]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/ref/books/author-coetzee.html J. M. Coetzee in the New York Times Archives]
* [http://www.sobriquetmagazine.com/labels/J.M.%20Coetzee.html An academic blog about writing a dissertation on Coetzee]
* [http://www.nybooks.com/authors/523 Coetzee article archive] from ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''
* [http://www.themonthly.com.au/node/1868 Video: J. M. Coetzee speaks about fundamentalism, curiosity and Patrick Allington's ''Figurehead'']
* [http://www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/documents/Coetzee99.pdf The Lives of Animals at The Tanner Lectures on Human values]
* [http://www.utexas.edu/know/2010/05/21/nobel_laureate_coetzee/ Video: J. M. Coetzee speaking at The University of Texas, Austin]
* [http://vimeo.com/19134318 Video: J. M. Coetzee speaking at the Jaipur Literature Festival]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=JP&hl=ja&v=kd7rc_vxiRk Video: David Malouf with J.M. Coetzee, Adelaide Writers Week/You can hear Coetzee introducing himself at the beginning of his speech]

{{John Maxwell Coetzee}}
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
{{Commonwealth Writers' Prize - Best Book Winners}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 2001-2025}}
{{2003 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{animal rights}}

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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Contemporary South African novelist, translator and academic (now living in Australia), won the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
| DATE OF BIRTH = 9 February 1940
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cape Town]], South Africa
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[[Category:J. M. Coetzee| ]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
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[[Category:Australian novelists]]
[[Category:Australian people of Dutch descent]]
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[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:IBM employees]]
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[[Category:South African emigrants to Australia]]
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[[Category:Translators to English]]
[[Category:University at Buffalo faculty]]
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[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni]]
[[Category:White South African people]]

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J. M. Coetzee

2012-10-09T23:43:28Z

86.40.98.173:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = J. M. Coetzee
| birth_name = John Maxwell Coetzee
| image = J.M. Coetzee.JPG
| caption = J. M. Coetzee in [[Warsaw]] (2006)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|2|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cape Town]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]]
| occupation = Novelist, essayist, literary critic, linguist, translator
| language = English, [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| nationality = [[South African]], [[Australian]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]] [[University of Cape Town]]
| influences = [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Ford Madox Ford]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[Daniel Defoe]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Zbigniew Herbert]], [[Samuel Richardson]], [[Robert Walser (writer)|Robert Walser]]
| influenced =
| awards =
{{plainlist |
* {{awd|[[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]]|1983}}
* {{awd|Booker Prize|1999}}
* {{awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|2003}}
}}
}}
'''John Maxwell "J. M." Coetzee''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ʊ|t|ˈ|s|iː|ə}} {{respell|kuut|SEE|ə}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite news|title=David Malouf with J.M. Coetzee, Adelaide Writers Week|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd7rc_vxiRk|accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref> born 9 February 1940) is a novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]. Of South African origin, he is now an [[Australian nationality law|Australian citizen]] and lives in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]]. Prior to receiving the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature, Coetzee twice won the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]].

==Early life==
Coetzee was born in [[Cape Town]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]], on 9 February 1940<ref>{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading: Literature in the Event|first=Derek|last=Attridge|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|year=2004|page=94|isbn=978-0-226-03117-0}}</ref> to parents of [[Afrikaner]] descent.<ref name="Richards Cooper">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/02/books/portrait-of-the-writer-as-an-afrikaner.html|title=Portrait of the writer as an Afrikaner|last=Richards Cooper|first=Rand|date=2 November 1997|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> His father was an occasional lawyer, government employee and sheep farmer, and his mother a schoolteacher.<ref name="Head">{{cite book|last=Head|first=Dominic|title=The Cambridge Introduction to J. M. Coetzee|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2009|pages=1–2|isbn=0-521-68709-8}}</ref><ref name="Emory">{{cite web|url=http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Coetzee.html|title=J.M. Coetzee|last=Price|first=Jonathan|date=Autumn 2000|publisher=Emory University|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> The family spoke English at home, but Coetzee spoke Afrikaans with other relatives.<ref name=Head/> Coetzee is descended from early Dutch immigrants dating to the 17th century,<ref name="Nobel calling">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/a-nobel-calling-100-years-of-controversy-510876.html|title=A Nobel calling: 100 years of controversy|date=14 October 2005|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and also has [[Poles|Polish]] ancestry from his maternal great-grandfather, Baltazar Dubiel.

Coetzee spent most of his early life in Cape Town and in [[Worcester, South Africa|Worcester]] in Cape Province (modern-day [[Western Cape]]) as recounted in his fictionalized memoir, ''[[Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life|Boyhood]]'' (1997). The family moved to Worcester when Coetzee was eight after his father lost his government job due to disagreements over the state's [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid]] policy.<ref name="Emory" /> Coetzee attended St. Joseph's College, a Catholic school in the Cape Town suburb of [[Rondebosch]],<ref name="Lowry">{{cite news|url=http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25339-2648841,00.html|title=J. M. Coetzee's ruffled mirrors|last=Lowry|first=Elizabeth|date=22 August 2007|work=Times Literary Supplement|accessdate=2009-08-02 | location=London}}</ref> and later studied mathematics and English at the [[University of Cape Town]], receiving his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1960 and his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Mathematics in 1961.<ref name="Easton">{{cite news|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030925/dsp-named.shtml|title=Faculty receive DSPs, named professorships|last=Easton|first=John|coauthors=Friedman, Allan; Harms, William; Koppes, Steve; Sanders, Seth|date=23 September 2003|work=University of Chicago Chronicle|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref><ref name="Who's Who">{{cite web|url=http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=5422|title=Professor John "JM" COETZEE|publisher=Who's Who of Southern Africa|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

Coetzee married Philippa Jubber in 1963<ref name="Nobel profile">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-bio.html|title=J. M. Coetzee|year=2003|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> and divorced in 1980.<ref name="Emory" /> He had a daughter, Gisela (born 1968), and a son, Nicolas (born 1966), from the marriage.<ref name="Nobel profile" /> Nicolas died in 1989 at the age of 23 in an accident.<ref name="Emory" /><ref name="Nobel profile" /><ref name="Gallagher">{{cite book|last=Gallagher|first=Susan|title=A Story of South Africa: J. M. Coetzee's Fiction in Context|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|year=1991|page=194|isbn=0-674-83972-2}}</ref><ref name="Scanlan">{{cite journal|last=Scanlan|first=Margaret|year=1997|title=Incriminating documents: Nechaev and Dostoevsky in J. M. Coetzee's ''The Master of St Petersburg''|journal=[[Philological Quarterly]]|volume=76|issue=4|pages=463–477|page=477}}</ref><ref name="Pearlman">{{cite news|title=J.M. Coetzee again sheds light on the 'black gloom' of isolation|last=Pearlman|first=Mickey|date=18 September 2005|work=[[Star Tribune]]|page=14F|accessdate=2009-09-01}}</ref>

On 6 March 2006, Coetzee became an Australian citizen.<ref name=M&G/>

==Academic and literary career==
Coetzee relocated to the United Kingdom in 1962, where he worked as a computer programmer, staying until 1965.<ref name="Head" /> He worked for [[IBM]] in London. In 1963, while working in the UK, he was awarded a Master of Arts degree from the [[University of Cape Town]] for a dissertation on the novels of [[Ford Madox Ford]].<ref name="Head" /> His experiences in England were later recounted in ''[[Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II|Youth]]'' (2002), his second volume of fictionalized memoirs.

Coetzee went to the [[University of Texas at Austin]], in the United States, on the [[Fulbright Program]] in 1965. He received a PhD in linguistics there in 1969. His PhD thesis was on computer [[Stylistics (linguistics)|stylistic analysis]] of the works of [[Samuel Beckett]].<ref name="Head" /> In 1968, he began teaching English literature at the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|State University of New York at Buffalo]] where he stayed until 1971.<ref name="Head" /> It was at Buffalo that he started his first novel, ''[[Dusklands]]''.<ref name="Head" /> In 1971, Coetzee sought permanent residence in the United States, but it was denied due to his involvement in [[Opposition to the Vietnam War|anti-Vietnam-War protests]]. In March 1970, Coetzee had been one of 45 faculty members who occupied the university's Hayes Hall and were subsequently arrested for criminal trespass.<ref name="Buffalo News">{{cite news|title=A rare interview with literary giant J. M. Coetzee|date=13 October 2002|work=Buffalo News|page=E1|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> He then returned to South Africa to teach English literature at the University of Cape Town. He was promoted to Professor of General Literature in 1983 and was Distinguished Professor of Literature between 1999 and 2001.<ref name="Head" /> Upon retiring in 2002, Coetzee relocated to Adelaide, Australia, where he was made an honorary research fellow at the English Department of the [[University of Adelaide]],<ref name=M&G>{{cite news| title = JM Coetzee becomes an Australian citizen| work= [[Mail & Guardian]]| date = 2006-03-06| url = http://mg.co.za/article/2006-03-06-jm-coetzee-becomes-an-australian-citizen| accessdate = 2011-08-31}}</ref> where his partner, Dorothy Driver,<ref name="Who's Who" /> is a fellow academic.<ref name="Driver">{{cite web|url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/dorothy.driver|title=Professor Dorothy Driver|publisher=University of Adelaide|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> He served as professor on the [[Committee on Social Thought]] at the [[University of Chicago]] until 2003.<ref name="Richmond">{{cite book|last=Richmond|first=Chris|title=Nobel Faces: A Gallery of Nobel Prize Winners|editor=Badge, Peter|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|year=2007|pages=428–429|chapter=John M. Coetzee|isbn=3-527-40678-6|url=http://books.google.com/?id=SRD2K80JYpYC&lpg=PA428&dq=Committee%20on%20Social%20Thought%20Coetzee%202003&pg=PA428#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> In addition to his novels, he has published critical works and translations from [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[Afrikaans]].<ref name="SA Tourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/us/full-article?oid=16723&sn=Detail&pid=7744|title=The reclusive Nobel Prize winner: J. M. Coetzee|publisher=South African Tourism|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

In June 2011, he gave a reading from his new book at the University of York, UK, though no title or release date was made available. Its title has since been revealed as ''The Childhood of Jesus'', due for release March 2013, and concerning the early life of Jesus, particularly his struggles to free himself from the iron-fisted discipline of his long-suffering parents, get the girl, earn a decent wage, and find his place in an unforgiving world.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2012/07/19/amazon-unveils-book-blurb-for-jm-coetzees-the-childhood-of-jesus/|title=Amazon Unveils Book Blurb for JM Coetzee's The Childhood of Jesus|date=19 July 2012|accessdate=19 July 2012}}</ref>

==Public image==
Coetzee is known as reclusive and avoids publicity to such an extent that he did not collect either of his two [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prizes]] in person.<ref name="Pienaar">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/brilliant-yet-aloof-coetzee-at-last-wins-nobel-prize-for-literature-581951.html|title=Brilliant yet aloof, Coetzee at last wins Nobel prize for literature|last=Pienaar|first=Hans|date=3 October 2003|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2003/oct/07/theeditorpressreview.jmcoetzee|title=What to say about ... JM Coetzee|last=Smith|first=Sandra|date=7 October 2003|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> Author [[Rian Malan]] has said that:

{{quote|Coetzee is a man of almost monkish self-discipline and dedication. He does not drink, smoke or eat meat. He cycles vast distances to keep fit and spends at least an hour at his writing-desk each morning, seven days a week. A colleague who has worked with him for more than a decade claims to have seen him laugh just once. An acquaintance has attended several dinner parties where Coetzee has uttered not a single word.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/199910250011|title=The New Statesman Profile – J M Coetzee|last=Cowley|first=Jason|date=25 October 1999|work=New Stateman|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>}}

As a result of his reclusive nature, signed copies of Coetzee's fiction are highly sought after.<ref name="SA Tourism" /> Recognising this, he was a key figure in the establishment of [[Oak Tree Press]]'s ''First Chapter Series'', a series of limited edition signed works by literary greats to raise money for the child victims and orphans of the African HIV/AIDS crisis.<ref name="First Chapter Series">{{cite web|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/perspective/articles/1198|title=How The First Chapter Series was born|last=Bray|first=Nancy|publisher=Booker Prize Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

==Achievements and awards==
Coetzee has been the recipient of numerous awards throughout his career, although he has a reputation for avoiding award ceremonies.<ref name="Lake">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090802/ART/708019974/1007|title=Starry-eyed Booker Prize|last=Lake|first=Ed|date=1 August 2009|work=The National|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> His novel ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' was awarded the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] and the [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]],<ref name="O'Neil">{{cite book|last=O'Neil|first=Patrick M.|title=Great World Writers: Twentieth Century|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|location=London|year=2004|pages=225–244|isbn=0-7614-7468-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=WWMyyHvajoEC&lpg=PA229&dq=faber%20memorial%20prize%20coetzee&pg=PA229#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> and he is a three-time winner of the [[CNA Prize]].<ref name="Banville">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20031103/banville|title=Being and nothingness|last=Banville|first=John|date=16 October 2003|work=The Nation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> ''[[Age of Iron]]'' was awarded the ''[[Sunday Express]]'' [[The Sunday Express Book of the Year|Book of the Year]] award,<ref name="Killam">{{cite book|last=Killam|first=Douglas|coauthors=Kerfoot, Alicia L.|title=Student Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Greenwood|location=Westport, CT|year=2007|pages=92–93|chapter=Coetzee, J(ohn) M(axwell)|isbn=0-313-33580-X|url=http://books.google.com/?id=hhGcVjjHTdkC&lpg=PA92&dq=jm%20coetzee%20strathclyde%20honorary&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q=}}</ref> and ''[[The Master of Petersburg]]'' was awarded the ''[[Irish Times]]'' International Fiction Prize in 1995.<ref name="Booker profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/prize/authors/24|title=J M Coetzee|publisher=Booker Prize Foundation|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> He has also won the French [[Prix Femina Étranger]], the [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]], and the 1987 [[Jerusalem Prize|Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society]].<ref name="O'Neil" /><ref name="Killam" /><ref name="Jerusalem Prize">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/11/arts/coetzee-getting-prize-denounces-apartheid.html|title=Coetzee, getting prize, denounces apartheid|date=11 April 1987|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

He was the first writer to be awarded the Booker Prize twice: first for ''[[Life & Times of Michael K]]'' in 1983, and again for ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' in 1999.<ref name="Gibbons">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/oct/26/fiachragibbons|title=Absent Coetzee wins surprise second Booker award|last=Gibbons|first=Fiachra|date=26 October 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> Only one author has matched this since – Australian [[Peter Carey (novelist)|Peter Carey]]. Coetzee was named on the longlist for the 2009 prize for ''[[Summertime (novel)|Summertime]]''<ref name="Brown">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jul/28/heavyweights-clash-booker-longlist|title=Heavyweights clash on Booker longlist|last=Brown|first=Mark|date=28 July 2009|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref> and was an early favourite to win.<ref name="Flood">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jul/29/booker-prize-jmcoetzee|title=Coetzee leads the bookies' Booker race|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=29 July 2009|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Langley">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/books-life/6138481/Man-Booker-Prize-J.M-Coetzee-profile.html|title=Man Booker Prize: J.M Coetzee profile|last=Langley|first=William|date=4 September 2009|work=Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2009-09-08}}</ref> Coetzee subsequently made the shortlist, but lost out to bookmakers' favourite and eventual winner [[Hilary Mantel]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8292488.stm|title=Mantel named Booker prize winner|date=6 October 2009|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-10-06}}</ref> Coetzee was also longlisted in 2003 for ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]'' and in 2005 for ''[[Slow Man]]''.<ref name="Booker profile" />

On 2 October 2003, [[Horace Engdahl]], head of the [[Swedish Academy]], announced that Coetzee had been chosen as that year's recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], making him the fifth African writer to be so honoured,<ref name="BBC News 1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3158278.stm|title=Coetzee wins Nobel literature prize|date=2 October 2003|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and the second South African after [[Nadine Gordimer]].<ref name="BBC News 2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3305847.stm|title=Coetzee receives Nobel honour|date=10 December 2003|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> When awarding the prize, the Swedish Academy stated that Coetzee "in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider".<ref name="Swedish Academy">{{cite news|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature: John Maxwell Coetzee|date=2 October 2003|publisher=Swedish Academy|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The press release for the award also cited his "well-crafted composition, pregnant dialogue and analytical brilliance," while focusing on the moral nature of his work.<ref name="Swedish Academy" /> The prize ceremony was held in Stockholm on 10 December 2003.<ref name="BBC News 2" />

Coetzee was awarded the [[Order of Mapungubwe]] (gold class) by the South African government on 27 September 2005 for his "exceptional contribution in the field of literature and for putting South Africa on the world stage."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=69|title=The Order of Mapungubwe in Gold|publisher=The Presidency, Republic of South Africa|accessdate=2009-08-02}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Adelaide,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news8841.html|title=JM Coetzee receives honorary doctorate|publisher=University of Adelaide|date=20 December 2005|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> [[La Trobe University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latrobe.edu.au/eap/degrees.html|title=Honorary degrees|publisher=La Trobe University|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University of Natal]],<ref name=Austin>{{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/ogs/awards/alumnus/awardpages/j_coetzee.html|title=John M. Coetzee|publisher=University of Texas at Austin|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University of Oxford]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2054507.stm|title=Oxford honours arts figures
|publisher=BBC News|date=21 June 2002|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> [[Rhodes University]],<ref name="Rhodes">{{cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.co.za/1999/04/12/easterncape/HONOURED.HTM|title=SA writer honoured by Rhodes|date=12 April 1999|work=Daily Dispatch|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|State University of New York at Buffalo]],<ref name="Killam" /> the [[University of Strathclyde]],<ref name="Killam" /> the [[University of Technology, Sydney]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsroom.uts.edu.au/news/detail.cfm?ItemId=12567|title=New honour for Nobel laureate|publisher=University of Technology, Sydney|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> and the [[Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ifa.amu.edu.pl/fa/node/3397|title=The ceremony of awarding the title of doctor honoris causa to professor J.M. Coetzee|publisher=Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań|accessdate=2012-07-19}}</ref>

==Politics==
===Political orientation===
Writing about his past in the [[Third-person narrative|third person]], Coetzee states in ''Doubling the Point'' that:

{{quote|Politically, the ''[[Raznochintsy|raznochinets]]'' can go either way. But during his student years he, this person, this subject, my subject, steers clear of the right. As a child in [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] he has seen enough of the Afrikaner right, enough of its rant, to last him a lifetime. In fact, even before Worcester he has perhaps seen more of cruelty and violence than should have been allowed to a child. So as a student he moves on the fringes of the left without being part of the left. Sympathetic to the human concerns of the left, he is alienated, when the crunch comes, by its language – by all political language, in fact.<ref name="Doubling the Point">{{cite book|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|title=Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews|editor=Attwell, David|publisher=Cambridge, MA|location=Harvard University Press|year=1992|page=394|isbn=0-674-21518-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=dZ7_o8ElbQoC&lpg=PP1&dq=doubling%20the%20point&pg=PA394#v=onepage&q=}}</ref>}}

Asked about the latter part of this quote in an interview, Coetzee said:

{{quote|There is no longer a left worth speaking of, and a language of the left. The language of politics, with its new economistic bent, is even more repellent than it was fifteen years ago.<ref name="Poyner 1">{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual|editor=Poyner, Jane|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens, OH|year=2006|page=22|chapter=J. M. Coetzee in conversation with Jane Poyner|isbn=0-8214-1687-1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=BalLL9BL4acC&lpg=PA237&dq=%22J.%20M.%20Coetzee%20and%20the%20Ethics%20of%20Reading%3A%20Literature%20in%20the%20Event%22&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q=}}</ref>}}

===Views on South Africa===
Along with [[André Brink]] and [[Breyten Breytenbach]], Coetzee was, according to [[Fred Pfeil]], at "the forefront of the anti-apartheid movement within Afrikaner literature and letters".<ref name="Pfeil">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/archive/sexual-healing|title=Sexual healing|last=Pfeil|first=Fred|date=21 June 1986|work=The Nation|accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref> On accepting the Jerusalem Prize in 1987, Coetzee spoke of the limitations of art in South African society, whose structures had resulted in "deformed and stunted relations between human beings" and "a deformed and stunted inner life". He went on to say that "South African literature is a literature in bondage. It is a less than fully human literature. It is exactly the kind of literature you would expect people to write from prison". He called on the South African government to abandon its apartheid policy.<ref name="Jerusalem Prize" /> Scholar Isidore Diala states that J. M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer and André Brink are "three of South Africa's most distinguished white writers, all with definite anti-apartheid commitment".<ref name="Diala">{{cite journal|last=Diala|first=Isidore|year=2002|title=Nadine Gordimer, J. M. Coetzee, and André Brink: Guilt, expiation, and the reconciliation process in post-apartheid South Africa|journal=Journal of Modern Literature|volume=25|issue=2|pages=50–68|page=51|doi=10.1353/jml.2003.0004}}</ref>

It has been argued that Coetzee's 1999 novel ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' allegorises South Africa's [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]].<ref name="Poyner 2">{{cite journal|last=Poyner|first=Jane|year=2000|title=Truth and reconciliation in JM Coetzee's Disgrace (novel)|journal=Scrutiny2: Issues in English Studies in Southern Africa|volume=5|issue=2|pages=67–77|doi=10.1080/18125440008565972}}</ref> Asked about his views on the TRC, Coetzee has stated: "In a state with no official religion, the TRC was somewhat anomalous: a court of a certain kind based to a large degree on Christian teaching and on a strand of Christian teaching accepted in their hearts by only a tiny proportion of the citizenry. Only the future will tell what the TRC managed to achieve".<ref name="Poyner 1" />

Following his Australian citizenship ceremony, Coetzee said that "I did not so much leave South Africa, a country with which I retain strong emotional ties, but come to Australia. I came because from the time of my first visit in 1991, I was attracted by the free and generous spirit of the people, by the beauty of the land itself and – when I first saw Adelaide – by the grace of the city that I now have the honour of calling my home."<ref name=M&G/> When he initially moved to Australia, he had cited the South African government's lax attitude to [[Crime in South Africa|crime in that country]] as a reason for the move, leading to a spat with [[Thabo Mbeki]], who, speaking of Coetzee's novel ''Disgrace'' stated that "South Africa is not only a place of rape".<ref name=Pienaar/> In 1999, the [[African National Congress]] submission to an investigation into racism in the media by the [[South African Human Rights Commission]] named ''Disgrace'' as a novel exploiting racist stereotypes.<ref name="Jolly">{{cite book|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual|editor=Poyner, Jane|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Athens, OH|year=2006|page=149|last=Jolly|first=Rosemary|chapter=Going to the dogs: Humanity in J. M. Coetzee's ''Disgrace'', ''The Lives of Animals'', and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission|isbn=0-8214-1687-1|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BalLL9BL4acC&lpg=PA148&dq=%22Going%20to%20the%20dogs%3A%20Humanity%20in%20J.%20M.%20Coetzee's%22&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> However, when Coetzee won his Nobel Prize, Mbeki congratulated him "on behalf of the South African nation and indeed the continent of Africa".<ref name="Laurence">{{cite news|url=http://www.hsf.org.za/resource-centre/focus/issues-31-40/issue-32-fourth-quarter-2003/jm-coetzee-incites-an-anc-egg-dance|title=JM Coetzee incites an ANC egg-dance|last=Laurence|first=Patrick|date=27 September 2007|publisher=[[Helen Suzman Foundation]]|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

===Criticism of anti-terrorism laws===
In 2005, Coetzee criticised contemporary anti-terrorism laws as resembling those employed by the apartheid regime in South Africa: "I used to think that the people who created [South Africa's] laws that effectively suspended the rule of law were moral barbarians. Now I know they were just pioneers ahead of their time".<ref name="Terror law">{{cite news|url=http://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=9396,1,22|title=JM Coetzee joins criticism of Australia terror law plan|date=24 October 2005|work=The Citizen|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The main character in Coetzee's 2007 ''[[Diary of a Bad Year]]'', which has been described as blending "memoir with fiction, academic criticism with novelistic narration" and refusing "to recognize the border that has traditionally separated [[political theory]] from fictional narrative",<ref name="Moses">{{cite news|url=http://www.reason.com/news/show/126870.html|title=State of discontent: J.M. Coetzee's anti-political fiction|last=Moses |first=Michael Valdez|date=July 2008|work=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> shares similar concerns about the policies of [[John Howard]] and [[George W. Bush]].<ref name="Hope">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22303991-5001986,00.html|title=Coetzee 'diary' targets PM|last=Hope|first=Deborah|date=25 August 2007|work=The Australian|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

===Animal rights===
In recent years, Coetzee has become a vocal critic of [[Cruelty to animals|animal cruelty]] and advocate for the [[animal rights]] movement.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/animals-cant-speak-for-themselves--its-up-to-us/2007/02/21/1171733841769.html|title=Animals can't speak for themselves — it's up to us to do it|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|work=The Age|date=22 February 2007|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> In a speech given on his behalf by [[Hugo Weaving]] in Sydney on 22 February 2007, Coetzee railed against the modern [[animal husbandry]] industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voiceless.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=410&Itemid=369|title=A word from J.M. Coetzee — Voiceless: I feel therefore I am|last=Coetzee|first=J. M.|publisher=Voiceless|date=22 February 2007|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> The speech was for Voiceless, an Australian [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] animal protection organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voiceless.org.au/About_Us/Misc/About_Us.html|title=About us|publisher=Voiceless|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> Coetzee's fiction has similarly engaged with the problems of animal cruelty and animal welfare, in particular his books ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'', ''[[The Lives of Animals]]'' and ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]''. He is [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.food24.com/Food24/Components/F24_Cuisine_Scene_Article/0,,1-12-14-65_12940,00.html|title=JM Coetzee on animal rights|publisher=Food24|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref>

==List of works==
Coetzee's published work consists of fiction, fictionalised autobiographies (which he terms "autrebiography"),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6827190.ece|title=J. M. Coetzee's autre-biography|first=Patrick|last=Denman Flanery|work=The Times Literary Supplement|date=9 September 2009|accessdate=16 September 2010}}</ref> and non-fiction.

'''Fiction'''
* ''[[Dusklands]]'' (1974) ISBN 0-14-024177-9
* ''[[In the Heart of the Country]]'' (1977) ISBN 0-14-006228-9
* ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' (1980) ISBN 0-14-006110-X
* ''[[Life & Times of Michael K]]'' (1983) ISBN 0-14-007448-1
* ''[[Foe (novel)|Foe]]'' (1986) ISBN 0-14-009623-X
* ''[[Age of Iron (book)|Age of Iron]]'' (1990) ISBN 0-14-027565-7
* ''[[The Master of Petersburg]]'' (1994) ISBN 0-14-023810-7
* ''[[The Lives of Animals]]'' (1999) ISBN 0-691-07089-X
* ''[[Disgrace (novel)|Disgrace]]'' (1999) ISBN 978-0-14-311528-1
* ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]'' (2003) ISBN 0-670-03130-5
* ''[[Slow Man]]'' (2005) ISBN 0-670-03459-2
* ''[[Diary of a Bad Year]]'' (2007) ISBN 1-84655-120-X
* ''[[The Childhood of Jesus]]'' (forthcoming, March 2013) ISBN 978-1846557262

'''Fictionalised autobiography'''
* ''[[Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life]]'' (1997) ISBN 0-14-026566-X
* ''[[Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II]]'' (2002) ISBN 0-670-03102-X
* ''[[Summertime (novel)|Summertime]]'' (2009) ISBN 1-84655-318-0
* ''[[Scenes from Provincial Life]]'' (2011) ISBN 1-84655-485-3. An edited single volume of ''Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life'', ''Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II'', and ''Summertime''.

'''Non-fiction'''
* ''[[White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa (book)|White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa]]'' (1988) ISBN 0-300-03974-3
* ''[[Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews (book)|Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews]]'' (1992) ISBN 0-674-21518-4
* ''[[Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship]]'' (1996), [[University of Chicago Press]] [hence, US spelling "offense"] ISBN 0-226-11176-8
* ''[[Stranger Shores: Literary Essays, 1986–1999]]'' (2002) ISBN 0-14-200137-6
* ''[[Inner Workings: Literary Essays, 2000–2005]]'' (2007) ISBN 0-09-950614-9
* ''Here and Now: Letters, 2008–2011'' (2013) A forthcoming collection of letters exchanged with Paul Auster.

'''Translations and introductions'''
* ''[[A Posthumous Confession]]'' by [[Marcellus Emants]] (Boston: Twayne, 1976 & London: Quartet, 1986) Translated by J. M. Coetzee.
* ''[[The Expedition to the Baobab Tree]]'' by [[Wilma Stockenström]] (Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball, 1983 & London: Faber, 1984) Translated by J. M. Coetzee.
* ''[[Landscape with Rowers: Poetry from the Netherlands]]'' Translated and Introduced by J. M. Coetzee (2004) ISBN 0-691-12385-3
* Introduction to ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' by [[Daniel Defoe]] ([[Oxford World's Classics]]) ISBN 0-19-210033-5
* Introduction to ''[[Brighton Rock (novel)|Brighton Rock]]'' by [[Graham Greene]] ([[Penguin Classics]]) ISBN 0-14-243797-2
* Introduction to ''[[Dangling Man]]'' by [[Saul Bellow]] (Penguin Classics) ISBN 0-14-303987-3
* Introduction to ''[[The Vivisector]]'' by [[Patrick White]] (Penguin, 1999) ISBN 0-14-310567-1
* Introduction to ''[[The Confusions of Young Törless]]'' by [[Robert Musil]] (Penguin Classics, 2001) ISBN 978-0-14-218000-6
* Introduction to ''Samuel Beckett: The Grove Centenary Edition'' vol. IV by [[Samuel Beckett]], edited by [[Paul Auster]] (New York: [[Grove Press]], 2006) ISBN 0-8021-1820-8

'''Book reviews'''
* {{cite journal |last=Coetzee |first=J. M. |date=30 April 2009|title=The Making of Samuel Beckett |journal=[[The New York Review of Books]] |volume=56 |issue=7 |pages=13–16|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22612}} – Coetzee reviews {{cite book |title='''The Letters of Samuel Beckett, Volume 1: 1929–1940''' |author=Martha Dow Fehsenfeld and Lois More Overbeck (eds)|year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=0-521-86793-2 |page= |pages= |url= }}

'''Film and TV adaptations'''
* ''[[Dust (1985 film)|Dust]]'' (1985), based on ''[[In the Heart of the Country]]''
* ''[[The Lives of Animals (TV film)|The Lives of Animals]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Disgrace (film)|Disgrace]]'' (2008)

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|first=David|last=Attwell|title=J. M. Coetzee: South Africa and the Politics of Writing|location=Berkeley, CA|publisher=University of California Press|year=1993|isbn=0-520-07812-8}}
* {{cite book|first=Gillian|last=Dooley|title=J. M. Coetzee and the Power of Narrative|location=New York|publisher=Cambria Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60497-673-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Patil|first=P. M.|title=Silence in J. M. Coetzee's ''Life and Times of Michael K''|journal=Synthesis: Indian Journal of English Literature & Language|volume=2|issue=2|year=2009|pages=70–74}}
* Stephen Mulhall, ''The Wounded Animal: J. M. Coetzee and the Difficulty of Reality in Literature and Philosophy'' (Princeton, 2008).

==See also==
* [[List of African writers]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://nobelprizes.com/nobel/literature/2003a.html J. M. Coetzee at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-lecture.html Coetzee Nobel Prize Lecture]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/press.html Swedish Academy Press Release]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/ref/books/author-coetzee.html J. M. Coetzee in the New York Times Archives]
* [http://www.sobriquetmagazine.com/labels/J.M.%20Coetzee.html An academic blog about writing a dissertation on Coetzee]
* [http://www.nybooks.com/authors/523 Coetzee article archive] from ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''
* [http://www.themonthly.com.au/node/1868 Video: J. M. Coetzee speaks about fundamentalism, curiosity and Patrick Allington's ''Figurehead'']
* [http://www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/documents/Coetzee99.pdf The Lives of Animals at The Tanner Lectures on Human values]
* [http://www.utexas.edu/know/2010/05/21/nobel_laureate_coetzee/ Video: J. M. Coetzee speaking at The University of Texas, Austin]
* [http://vimeo.com/19134318 Video: J. M. Coetzee speaking at the Jaipur Literature Festival]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=JP&hl=ja&v=kd7rc_vxiRk Video: David Malouf with J.M. Coetzee, Adelaide Writers Week/You can hear Coetzee introducing himself at the beginning of his speech]

{{John Maxwell Coetzee}}
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
{{Commonwealth Writers' Prize - Best Book Winners}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 2001-2025}}
{{2003 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{animal rights}}

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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Contemporary South African novelist, translator and academic (now living in Australia), won the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cape Town]], South Africa
| DATE OF DEATH =
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Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:27:44Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'', ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'', ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]|1983}} {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}} {{awd|[[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]].

Some of Swift's books have been filmed, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', starring [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'', starring [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was joint-winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the 1996 [[Booker Prize]], owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' is set in [[The Fens]]; a novel of landscape, history and family, it is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English literature syllabus in British schools.

Swift was acquainted with [[Ted Hughes]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes|title=Graham Swift joins angling partner Ted Hughes in British Library archive|newspaper=The Guardian|date=10 March 2009|accessdate=10 March 2009}}</ref>

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

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| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
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| PLACE OF DEATH =
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Last Orders

2012-10-09T23:24:02Z

86.40.98.173: tag moved to top

{{refimprove|date=July 2010}}
{{About|the novel||Last Order (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Book | 
| name = Last Orders
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = [[File:LastOrders.jpg|150px]]
| image_caption = First edition cover
| author = [[Graham Swift]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| series =
| genre = [[Novel]]
| publisher = [[Picador (imprint)|Picador]]
| release_date = 26 January 1996
| english_release_date =
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover|Hardback]] & [[Paperback]])
| pages = 304 pp (first edition, hardback)
| isbn = ISBN 0-330-34559-1 (first edition, hardback)
| oclc= 34367883
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Last Orders''''' is a 1996 [[Booker Prize]]-winning novel by British author [[Graham Swift]]. In 2001 it was adapted for the film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' by Australian writer and director [[Fred Schepisi]].

==Plot==
The story makes much use of flashbacks to tell the convoluted story of the relationships between a group of war veterans who live in the same corner of [[London]], the backbone of the story being the journey of the group to [[Margate]] to scatter the ashes of Jack Dodds into the sea, in accord with his last wishes. The title 'Last Orders' not only refers to these instructions as stipulated in Jack Dodd's will, but also alludes to the '[[Last call (bar term)|last orders (of the day)]]' - the last round of drinks to be ordered before a pub closes, as drinking was a favourite pastime of Jack and the other characters.

The plot and style are influenced by [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_/ai_n14092541 "A Swift rewrite, or a tribute?]" by Chris Blackhurst, ''The Independent'' (London), 9 March 1997.</ref>

==Characters==
'''Jack Dodds''': a butcher, whose death from [[cancer]] brings together four men who take a journey to scatter his ashes. Played by [[Michael Caine]] in the movie.

'''Vince Dodds''': a used car salesman. Adopted son of Jack and Amy Dodds, when his biological parents (the Pritchetts) were killed during the [[London Blitz]]. Played by [[Ray Winstone]] in the movie.

'''Ray 'Lucky' Johnson''': an insurance clerk, who has an uncanny ability to wager on the right horses. The main narrator of the book. Fought alongside Jack Dodds in the war, who saved his life on one occasion. Was left by his wife Carol, for another man, and has a daughter Susie, who lives in Australia. Ray is attracted to Amy Dodds, wife of Jack, and the two had a relationship in the past. Played by [[Bob Hoskins]] in the movie.

'''Lenny 'Gunner' Tate''': Drinking buddy of Jack Dodds. The odd man in the group, who is the instigator of many conflicts. Lenny's daughter Sally had a relationship with Vince Dodds, and became pregnant, before marrying a jailbird. Played by [[David Hemmings]] in the movie.

'''Vic Tucker''': an undertaker/funeral director. The backbone of the group, who mediates and keeps the peace when conflicts arise. Many parallels are drawn between Jack's profession and Vic's, in that they both handle bodies. Played by [[Tom Courtenay]] in the movie.

'''Amy Dodds''': Jack's wife, who declines to join the men when they scatter Jack's ashes. Amy and Jack had a mentally disabled daughter, June. On the day the four men travel to Margate to scatter the ashes, Amy visits June in a Home. Played by [[Helen Mirren]] in the movie.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{start box}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{succession box|title=[[Man Booker Prize|Man Booker Prize recipient]]|before=''[[The Ghost Road]]''|after=''[[The God of Small Things]]''|years=[[1996 in literature|1996]]}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:1996 novels]]
[[Category:English novels]]
[[Category:Man Booker Prize winning works]]
[[Category:Novels by Graham Swift]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Novels set in Kent]]

{{1990s-novel-stub}}

[[de:Letzte Runde]]
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[[ru:Последние желания (фильм, 2001)]]

Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:23:14Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'', ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'', ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]|1983}} {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}} {{awd|[[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]].

Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', which starred [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' which starred [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was a joint winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the [[Booker Prize]] in 1996, owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' was set in [[The Fens]]; it is a novel of landscape, history and family, is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English Literature syllabus in British schools.

Swift was acquainted with [[Ted Hughes]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes|title=Graham Swift joins angling partner Ted Hughes in British Library archive|newspaper=The Guardian|date=10 March 2009|accessdate=10 March 2009}}</ref>

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Swift, Graham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 May 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Graham}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

[[de:Graham Swift]]
[[et:Graham Swift]]
[[es:Graham Swift]]
[[fr:Graham Swift]]
[[fy:Graham Swift]]
[[it:Graham Swift]]
[[la:Graham Swift]]
[[nl:Graham Swift]]
[[ja:グレアム・スウィフト]]
[[no:Graham Swift]]
[[pl:Graham Swift]]
[[sh:Graham Swift]]
[[fi:Graham Swift]]
[[sv:Graham Swift]]
[[uk:Грем Свіфт]]

Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:22:34Z

86.40.98.173: copyediting

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'', ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'', ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]|1983}} {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}} {{awd|[[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]]. He was acquainted with [[Ted Hughes]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes|title=Graham Swift joins angling partner Ted Hughes in British Library archive|newspaper=The Guardian|date=10 March 2009|accessdate=10 March 2009}}</ref>

Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', which starred [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' which starred [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was a joint winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the [[Booker Prize]] in 1996, owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' was set in [[The Fens]]; it is a novel of landscape, history and family, is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English Literature syllabus in British schools.

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Swift, Graham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 May 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Graham}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

[[de:Graham Swift]]
[[et:Graham Swift]]
[[es:Graham Swift]]
[[fr:Graham Swift]]
[[fy:Graham Swift]]
[[it:Graham Swift]]
[[la:Graham Swift]]
[[nl:Graham Swift]]
[[ja:グレアム・スウィフト]]
[[no:Graham Swift]]
[[pl:Graham Swift]]
[[sh:Graham Swift]]
[[fi:Graham Swift]]
[[sv:Graham Swift]]
[[uk:Грем Свіфт]]

Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:20:03Z

86.40.98.173: copyediting

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'', ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'', ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]|1983}} {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}} {{awd|[[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]]. He was a friend of [[Ted Hughes]]<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes</ref>

Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', which starred [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' which starred [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was a joint winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the [[Booker Prize]] in 1996, owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' was set in [[The Fens]]; it is a novel of landscape, history and family, is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English Literature syllabus in British schools.

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Swift, Graham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 May 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Graham}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

[[de:Graham Swift]]
[[et:Graham Swift]]
[[es:Graham Swift]]
[[fr:Graham Swift]]
[[fy:Graham Swift]]
[[it:Graham Swift]]
[[la:Graham Swift]]
[[nl:Graham Swift]]
[[ja:グレアム・スウィフト]]
[[no:Graham Swift]]
[[pl:Graham Swift]]
[[sh:Graham Swift]]
[[fi:Graham Swift]]
[[sv:Graham Swift]]
[[uk:Грем Свіфт]]

Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:18:51Z

86.40.98.173:

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'', ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'', ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]|1983}} {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}} {{awd|[[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]]. He was a friend of [[Ted Hughes]]<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes</ref>

Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', which starred [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' which starred [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was a joint winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the [[Booker Prize]] in 1996, owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' was set in [[The Fens]]; it is a novel of landscape, history and family, is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English Literature syllabus in British schools.

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Swift, Graham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 May 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Graham}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

[[de:Graham Swift]]
[[et:Graham Swift]]
[[es:Graham Swift]]
[[fr:Graham Swift]]
[[fy:Graham Swift]]
[[it:Graham Swift]]
[[la:Graham Swift]]
[[nl:Graham Swift]]
[[ja:グレアム・スウィフト]]
[[no:Graham Swift]]
[[pl:Graham Swift]]
[[sh:Graham Swift]]
[[fi:Graham Swift]]
[[sv:Graham Swift]]
[[uk:Грем Свіфт]]

Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:17:25Z

86.40.98.173:

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'', ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'', ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]]. He was a friend of [[Ted Hughes]]<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes</ref>

Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', which starred [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' which starred [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was a joint winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the [[Booker Prize]] in 1996, owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' was set in [[The Fens]]; it is a novel of landscape, history and family, is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English Literature syllabus in British schools.

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Swift, Graham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 May 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Graham}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

[[de:Graham Swift]]
[[et:Graham Swift]]
[[es:Graham Swift]]
[[fr:Graham Swift]]
[[fy:Graham Swift]]
[[it:Graham Swift]]
[[la:Graham Swift]]
[[nl:Graham Swift]]
[[ja:グレアム・スウィフト]]
[[no:Graham Swift]]
[[pl:Graham Swift]]
[[sh:Graham Swift]]
[[fi:Graham Swift]]
[[sv:Graham Swift]]
[[uk:Грем Свіфт]]

Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:17:12Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'', ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]]. He was a friend of [[Ted Hughes]]<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes</ref>

Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', which starred [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' which starred [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was a joint winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the [[Booker Prize]] in 1996, owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' was set in [[The Fens]]; it is a novel of landscape, history and family, is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English Literature syllabus in British schools.

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Swift, Graham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 May 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Graham}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

[[de:Graham Swift]]
[[et:Graham Swift]]
[[es:Graham Swift]]
[[fr:Graham Swift]]
[[fy:Graham Swift]]
[[it:Graham Swift]]
[[la:Graham Swift]]
[[nl:Graham Swift]]
[[ja:グレアム・スウィフト]]
[[no:Graham Swift]]
[[pl:Graham Swift]]
[[sh:Graham Swift]]
[[fi:Graham Swift]]
[[sv:Graham Swift]]
[[uk:Грем Свіфт]]

Graham Swift

2012-10-09T23:15:54Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Graham Swift
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| nationality = English
| occupation = Novelist
| notableworks = ''[[Last Orders]]''
| awards = {{awd|[[Booker Prize]]|1996}}
}}
'''Graham Colin Swift FRSL''' (born 4 May 1949) is a [[Great Britain|British]] author. Born in [[London]], [[England]], he was educated at [[Dulwich College]], London, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], and later the [[University of York]]. He was a friend of [[Ted Hughes]]<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/10/grahamswift-tedhughes</ref>

Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Last Orders]]'', which starred [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] and ''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' which starred [[Jeremy Irons]]. ''Last Orders'' was a joint winner of the 1996 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction and a mildly controversial winner of the [[Booker Prize]] in 1996, owing to the superficial similarities in plot to [[William Faulkner]]'s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''. ''Waterland'' was set in [[The Fens]]; it is a novel of landscape, history and family, is often cited as one of the outstanding post-war British novels and has been a set text on the English Literature syllabus in British schools.

==List of works==
===Novels===
*''The Sweet-Shop Owner'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]])
*''[[Shuttlecock (novel)|Shuttlecock]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]]) -- winner of the 1983 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]]
*''[[Waterland (novel)|Waterland]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
*''Out of This World'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]])
*''Ever After'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])
*''[[Last Orders]]'' (1996) -- winner of the [[1996 in literature|1996]] [[Booker Prize]]
*''[[The Light of Day (Graham Swift novel)|The Light of Day]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]])
*''[[Tomorrow (novel)|Tomorrow]]'' ([[2007 in literature|2007]])
*''Wish You Were Here'' ([[2011 in literature|2011]])

===Nonfiction===
*''Making an Elephant: Writing from Within'' ([[2009 in literature|2009]])

===Short stories===
*''Learning to Swim'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
*''Chemistry'' (2008)<ref>http://www.panmacmillan.com/Titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=408469</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://download.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio/Books/Books/2007/03/26/GrahamSwift.mp3 2007 audio interview with Graham Swift on the topic of 'The Light of Day'], conducted by [[John Mullan]]

{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Swift, Graham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 May 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Graham}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

[[de:Graham Swift]]
[[et:Graham Swift]]
[[es:Graham Swift]]
[[fr:Graham Swift]]
[[fy:Graham Swift]]
[[it:Graham Swift]]
[[la:Graham Swift]]
[[nl:Graham Swift]]
[[ja:グレアム・スウィフト]]
[[no:Graham Swift]]
[[pl:Graham Swift]]
[[sh:Graham Swift]]
[[fi:Graham Swift]]
[[sv:Graham Swift]]
[[uk:Грем Свіфт]]

Margaret Drabble

2012-10-09T23:13:19Z

86.40.98.173: copyediting

{{Infobox writer
| image = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|6|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sheffield]], [[England]], UK
| occupation = Novelist, biographer and critic
| yearsactive = 1963–present
| spouse = [[Clive Swift]] (1960–1975) Sir [[Michael Holroyd]] (1982–present)
}}
'''Dame Margaret Drabble, Lady Holroyd''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] [[FRSL]] (born 5 June 1939) is an English [[novelist]], biographer and critic.

==Early life==
Drabble was born in [[Sheffield]], the second daughter of the advocate and novelist John F. Drabble and the teacher Kathleen Marie (née Bloor). Her elder sister is the novelist and critic [[A. S. Byatt|Dame Antonia Byatt]]; their younger sister is the art historian Helen Langdon.

After attending the [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] boarding-school [[The Mount School, York|Mount School]] at York, where her mother was employed, Drabble received a major scholarship to [[Newnham College, Cambridge]] where she read English and was awarded a [[starred first]]. She joined the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] at [[Stratford-upon-Avon]] in 1960, at one point serving as an understudy for [[Vanessa Redgrave]], before leaving to pursue a career in literary studies and [[writing]].

==Works==
Drabble has published seventeen novels to date. Her first novel, ''A Summer Bird Cage'', was published in 1963. Her early novels were published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1963–87); more recently, her publishers have been [[Penguin Books|Penguin]] and [[Viking Press|Viking]]. Her third novel, ''[[The Millstone (novel)|The Millstone]]'' (1965), brought her the [[John Llewellyn Rhys Prize|John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize]] in 1966, and ''[[Jerusalem the Golden]]'' won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] in 1967.

A theme of her novels is the correlation between contemporary England's society and its individual members. Her characters' tragic faults reflect the political and economic situation and the restriction of conservative surroundings, making the reader aware of the dark spots of a seemingly wealthy country. Most of her protagonists are women. The realistic descriptions of her figures often owe something to Drabble's personal experiences. Thus, her first novels describe the life of young women during the late 1960s and 1970s, for whom the conflict between motherhood and intellectual challenges is being brought into focus. 1998's ''The Witch of [[Exmoor]]'' finally shows the withdrawn existence of an old author. Though inspired by her own life, her works are not mainly autobiographical. She has also written several screenplays, plays and short stories, as well as non-fiction such as ''A Writer's Britain: Landscape and Literature'' and biographies of [[Arnold Bennett]] and [[Angus Wilson]]. Her critical works include studies of [[William Wordsworth]] and [[Thomas Hardy]]. Drabble also edited two editions of ''[[The Oxford Companion to English Literature]]''. In 2011, ''A Day in the Life of a Smiling Woman,'' a collection of Drabble's short stories, was published. {{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}

==Positions==
Drabble chaired the National Book League (now [[Booktrust Early Years Award|Booktrust]]) from 1980-82.

==Personal life==
Drabble was married to actor [[Clive Swift]] between 1960 and 1975; they have three children, including the gardener and TV personality [[Joe Swift]] and the academic [[Adam Swift]]. In 1982, she married the writer and biographer Sir [[Michael Holroyd]]; they live in London and [[Somerset]].

==Feud==
Drabble has been famously long engaged in a feud with her novelist sister [[A.S. Byatt]] over the alleged appropriation of a family tea-set in one of her novels. The pair seldom see each other and don't read each other's books.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/5062259/Why-Margaret-Drabble-is-not-A-S-Byatts-cup-of-tea.html Why Margaret Drabble is not A.S. Byatt's cup of tea.] Daily Telegraph, retrieved 22 September 2011.</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Drabble was appointed [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the 1980 [[Queen's Birthday Honours]],<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=48212|supp=yes|startpage=8|date=13 June 1980|accessdate=24 June 2008}}</ref> the [[University of Cambridge]] awarded her an [[Honorary degree|honorary]] [[Doctor of Letters|Doctorate in Letters]] in 2006, and she was promoted to [[Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) in the [[Birthday Honours 2008|2008 Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=58729|supp=yes |startpage=6|date=14 June 2008|accessdate=24 June 2008}}</ref>

==Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq==
In the immediate aftermath of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], Drabble wrote of the anticipated wave of anti-Americanism, saying "My anti-Americanism has become almost uncontrollable. It has possessed me, like a disease. It rises up in my throat like acid reflux, that fashionable American sickness. I now loathe the United States and what it has done to Iraq and the rest of the helpless world", despite "remembering the many Americans that I know and respect." She wrote of her distress at images of the war, her objections to [[Jack Straw]] about the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]], and "American imperialism, American infantilism, and American triumphalism about victories it didn't even win." She recalled [[George Orwell]]'s words in ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' about "the intoxication of power" and "the thrill of victory, the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless. If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face – for ever." She closed by saying, "I hate feeling this hatred. I have to keep reminding myself that if Bush hadn't been (so narrowly) elected, we wouldn't be here, and none of this would have happened. There is another America. Long live the other America, and may this one pass away soon."<ref name="I loathe America">{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3591026/I-loathe-America-and-what-it-has-done-to-the-rest-of-the-world.html|title=I loathe America, and what it has done to the rest of the world - Telegraph|author=Margaret Drabble|date=8 May 2003|publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''|accessdate=2011-04-28}}</ref>

==List of works==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

===Novels===
*''A Summer Bird Cage'' (1963)
*''The Garrick Year'' (1964)
*''[[The Millstone (novel)|The Millstone]]'' (1965)
*''Jerusalem the Golden'' (1967)
*''The Waterfall'' (1969)
*''The Needle's Eye'' (1972)
*''The Realms of Gold'' (1975)
*''The Ice Age'' (1977)
*''The Middle Ground'' (1980)
*''The Radiant Way'' (1987)
*''A Natural Curiosity'' (1989)
*''The Gates of Ivory'' (1991)
*''The Witch of Exmoor'' (1996)
*''The Peppered Moth'' (2001)
*''The Seven Sisters'' (2002)
*''The Red Queen'' (2004)
*''The Sea Lady'' (2006)
{{col-break}}

===Collaborative novel===
*''[[London Consequences]]'' (1972) - and editor

===Short fiction===
*''A Day in the Life of a Smiling Woman: Complete Short Stories'' (2011)

===Selected non-fiction===
*''Wordsworth'' (''Literature in Perspective'' series) (1966)
*''Arnold Bennett: A Biography'' (1974)
*''The Genius of Thomas Hardy'' (ed.) (1976)
*''For Queen and Country: Britain in the Victorian Age'' (1978)
*''A Writer's Britain: Landscape in Literature'' (1979)
*''Angus Wilson: A Biography'' (1995)
*''The Oxford Companion to English Literature'' (ed.; 5th & 6th edns) (1985, 2000)
*''The Pattern in the Carpet: A Personal History with Jigsaws'' (2009)
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{contemporary writers|id=31}}
* {{imdb name|236578|Margaret Drabble}}
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-55075}}
* [http://www.redmood.com/drabble/ Biography]: and a selected bibliography with brief descriptions of most of her works
* {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3440/the-art-of-fiction-no-70-margaret-drabble| title=Margaret Drabble, The Art of Fiction No. 70| work=Paris Review| date=Fall-Winter 1978| author=Barbara Milton }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/writers/12209.shtml ''One Pair of Eyes: Margaret Drabble''], BBC2, 9 March 1968, BBC Archive site
* [http://www.theparisreview.org/viewinterview.php/prmMID/3440 ''The Paris Review'' Interview]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Drabble, Margaret
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Holroyd, Margaret
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Novelist, biographer and critic
| DATE OF BIRTH = 5 June 1939
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Sheffield]], [[England]], UK
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Drabble, Margaret}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:English biographers]]
[[Category:English book editors]]
[[Category:English dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:English screenwriters]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winners]]
[[Category:People educated at Sheffield High School, South Yorkshire]]
[[Category:People educated at The Mount School, York]]
[[Category:People from Sheffield]]
[[Category:Women screenwriters]]

[[de:Margaret Drabble]]
[[es:Margaret Drabble]]
[[fr:Margaret Drabble]]
[[it:Margaret Drabble]]
[[nl:Margaret Drabble]]
[[ja:マーガレット・ドラブル]]
[[pl:Margaret Drabble]]
[[pt:Margaret Drabble]]
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Margaret Drabble

2012-10-09T23:10:41Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Infobox writer
| image = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|6|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sheffield]], [[England]], UK
| occupation = Novelist, biographer and critic
| yearsactive = 1963–present
| spouse = [[Clive Swift]] (1960–1975) Sir [[Michael Holroyd]] (1982–present)
}}
'''Dame Margaret Drabble, Lady Holroyd''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] [[FRSL]] (born 5 June 1939) is an English [[novelist]], biographer and critic.

==Early life==
Drabble was born in [[Sheffield]], the second daughter of the advocate and novelist John F. Drabble and the teacher Kathleen Marie (née Bloor). Her elder sister is the novelist and critic [[A. S. Byatt|Dame Antonia Byatt]]; their younger sister is the art historian Helen Langdon.

After attending the [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] boarding-school [[The Mount School, York|Mount School]] at York, where her mother was employed, Drabble received a major scholarship to [[Newnham College, Cambridge]] where she read English and was awarded a [[starred first]]. She joined the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] at [[Stratford-upon-Avon]] in 1960, at one point serving as an understudy for [[Vanessa Redgrave]], before leaving to pursue a career in literary studies and [[writing]].

==Works==
Drabble has published seventeen novels to date. Her first novel, ''A Summer Bird Cage'', was published in 1963. Her early novels were published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1963–87); more recently, her publishers have been [[Penguin Books|Penguin]] and [[Viking Press|Viking]]. Her third novel, ''[[The Millstone (novel)|The Millstone]]'' (1965), brought her the [[John Llewellyn Rhys Prize|John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize]] in 1966, and ''[[Jerusalem the Golden]]'' won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] in 1967.

A theme of her novels is the correlation between contemporary England's society and its individual members. Her characters' tragic faults reflect the political and economic situation and the restriction of conservative surroundings, making the reader aware of the dark spots of a seemingly wealthy country. Most of her protagonists are women. The realistic descriptions of her figures often owe something to Drabble's personal experiences. Thus, her first novels describe the life of young women during the late 1960s and 1970s, for whom the conflict between motherhood and intellectual challenges is being brought into focus. 1998's ''The Witch of [[Exmoor]]'' finally shows the withdrawn existence of an old author. Though inspired by her own life, her works are not mainly autobiographical. She has also written several screenplays, plays and short stories, as well as non-fiction such as ''A Writer's Britain: Landscape and Literature'' and biographies of [[Arnold Bennett]] and [[Angus Wilson]]. Her critical works include studies of [[William Wordsworth]] and [[Thomas Hardy]]. Drabble also edited two editions of ''[[The Oxford Companion to English Literature]]''. In 2011, ''A Day in the Life of a Smiling Woman,'' a collection of Drabble's short stories, was published. {{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}

==Positions==
Drabble chaired the National Book League (now [[Booktrust Early Years Award|Booktrust]]) from 1980-82.

==Personal life==
Drabble was married to actor [[Clive Swift]] between 1960 and 1975; they have three children, including the gardener and TV personality [[Joe Swift]] and the academic [[Adam Swift]]. In 1982, she married the writer and biographer Sir [[Michael Holroyd]]; they live in London and [[Somerset]].

==Feud==
Drabble has been famously long engaged in a feud with her novelist sister [[A.S. Byatt]] over the alleged appropriation of a family tea-set in one of her novels. The pair seldom see each other and don't read each other's books.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/5062259/Why-Margaret-Drabble-is-not-A-S-Byatts-cup-of-tea.html Why Margaret Drabble is not A.S. Byatt's cup of tea.] Daily Telegraph, retrieved 22 September 2011.</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Drabble was appointed [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the 1980 [[Queen's Birthday Honours]],<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=48212|supp=yes|startpage=8|date=13 June 1980|accessdate=24 June 2008}}</ref> the [[University of Cambridge]] awarded her an [[Honorary degree|honorary]] [[Doctor of Letters|Doctorate in Letters]] in 2006, and she was promoted to [[Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) in the [[Birthday Honours 2008|2008 Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=58729|supp=yes |startpage=6|date=14 June 2008|accessdate=24 June 2008}}</ref>

==Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq==
In the immediate aftermath of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], Drabble wrote of the anticipated wave of anti-Americanism, saying "My anti-Americanism has become almost uncontrollable. It has possessed me, like a disease. It rises up in my throat like acid reflux, that fashionable American sickness. I now loathe the United States and what it has done to Iraq and the rest of the helpless world", despite "remembering the many Americans that I know and respect." She wrote of her distress at images of the war, her objections to [[Jack Straw]] about the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]], and "American imperialism, American infantilism, and American triumphalism about victories it didn't even win." She recalled [[George Orwell]]'s words in ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' about "the intoxication of power" and "the thrill of victory, the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless. If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face – for ever." She closed by saying, "I hate feeling this hatred. I have to keep reminding myself that if Bush hadn't been (so narrowly) elected, we wouldn't be here, and none of this would have happened. There is another America. Long live the other America, and may this one pass away soon."<ref name="I loathe America">{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3591026/I-loathe-America-and-what-it-has-done-to-the-rest-of-the-world.html|title=I loathe America, and what it has done to the rest of the world - Telegraph|author=Margaret Drabble|date=8 May 2003|publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''|accessdate=2011-04-28}}</ref>

==List of works==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

===Novels===
*''A Summer Bird Cage'' (1963)
*''The Garrick Year'' (1964)
*''[[The Millstone (novel)|The Millstone]]'' (1965)
*''Jerusalem the Golden'' (1967)
*''The Waterfall'' (1969)
*''The Needle's Eye'' (1972)
*''The Realms of Gold'' (1975)
*''The Ice Age'' (1977)
*''The Middle Ground'' (1980)
*''The Radiant Way'' (1987)
*''A Natural Curiosity'' (1989)
*''The Gates of Ivory'' (1991)
*''The Witch of Exmoor'' (1996)
*''The Peppered Moth'' (2001)
*''The Seven Sisters'' (2002)
*''The Red Queen'' (2004)
*''The Sea Lady'' (2006)
{{col-break}}

===Collaborative novel===
*''[[London Consequences]]'' (1972) - and editor

===Short fiction===
*''A Day in the Life of a Smiling Woman: Complete Short Stories'' (2011)

===Selected non-fiction===
*''Wordsworth'' (''Literature in Perspective'' series) (1966)
*''Arnold Bennett: A Biography'' (1974)
*''The Genius of Thomas Hardy'' (ed.) (1976)
*''For Queen and Country: Britain in the Victorian Age'' (1978)
*''A Writer's Britain: Landscape in Literature'' (1979)
*''Angus Wilson: A Biography'' (1995)
*''The Oxford Companion to English Literature'' (ed.; 5th & 6th edns) (1985, 2000)
*''The Pattern in the Carpet: A Personal History with Jigsaws'' (2009)
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{contemporary writers|id=31}}
* {{imdb name|236578|Margaret Drabble}}
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-55075}}
* [http://www.redmood.com/drabble/ Biography]: and a selected bibliography with brief descriptions of most of her works
* {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3440/the-art-of-fiction-no-70-margaret-drabble| title=Margaret Drabble, The Art of Fiction No. 70| work=Paris Review| date=Fall-Winter 1978| author=Barbara Milton }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/writers/12209.shtml ''One Pair of Eyes: Margaret Drabble''], BBC2, 9 March 1968, BBC Archive site
* [http://www.theparisreview.org/viewinterview.php/prmMID/3440 ''The Paris Review'' Interview]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Drabble, Margaret
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Holroyd, Margaret
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Novelist, biographer and critic
| DATE OF BIRTH = 5 June 1939
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Sheffield]], [[England]], UK
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Drabble, Margaret}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winners]]
[[Category:English biographers]]
[[Category:English book editors]]
[[Category:English dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:English screenwriters]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:People educated at Sheffield High School, South Yorkshire]]
[[Category:People from Sheffield]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women screenwriters]]
[[Category:People educated at The Mount School, York]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]

[[de:Margaret Drabble]]
[[es:Margaret Drabble]]
[[fr:Margaret Drabble]]
[[it:Margaret Drabble]]
[[nl:Margaret Drabble]]
[[ja:マーガレット・ドラブル]]
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L. P. Hartley

2012-10-09T23:06:57Z

86.40.98.173: infobox

{{Infobox writer 
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'''Leslie Poles Hartley''' [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (30 December 1895 – 13 December 1972), known as '''L. P. Hartley''', was a British novelist and [[short story]] writer. His best-known novels are the ''Eustace and Hilda'' trilogy (1947) and ''[[The Go-Between]]'' (1953). The latter was made into a [[The Go-Between (film)|1970 film]], directed by [[Joseph Losey]] with a star cast, in an adaptation by [[Harold Pinter]]. Its opening sentence, "The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there", has become almost [[proverb]]ial.

==Biography==
Leslie Poles Hartley was born on 30 December 1895 in [[Whittlesey]], [[Cambridgeshire]], where he lived with his parents, Bessie and Harry Hartley, and his two sisters, Enid and Annie Norah. He then moved to an estate near Peterborough with his family. He was educated in [[Cliftonville]], [[Thanet]], then briefly at [[Clifton College]], where he first met [[Clifford Henry Benn Kitchin]], and at [[Harrow School]]. In 1915 he went up to [[Balliol College, Oxford]], to read modern history. There he befriended [[Aldous Huxley]].

In 1916 he joined the [[British Army]]. He was commissioned as an officer, but for health reasons never left the United Kingdom. Invalided out, he returned to Oxford University in 1919, where he gathered a number of literary friends, including [[Lord David Cecil|David Cecil]].

His work was published in ''Oxford Poetry'' in 1920 and 1922. He edited ''Oxford Outlook'', with [[Gerald Howard]] and [[A. B. B. Valentine]] in 1920, and in 1921 with [[Basil Murray]] and [[Christopher Hollis]] also. At this time he was introduced by Huxley to [[Lady Ottoline Morrell]]. Kitchin, who was at Oxford also, introduced him to the [[H. H. Asquith|Asquiths]]; [[Cynthia Asquith]] became a lifelong friend. Despite being named after [[Leslie Stephen]], Hartley always belonged to the Asquith milieu, and was rebuffed by the [[Bloomsbury group]].

Success came with having his first writing published and becoming a reviewer after his Oxford degree. Though this gave him rapid social elevation it brought him limited happiness, and in 1922 he suffered a nervous breakdown. Soon afterwards he started spending much time in Venice; he continued to do so for many years.

Until the success of ''[[The Go-Between]]'' he gained little commercial recognition. He was, nevertheless, awarded the 1947 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for ''Eustace and Hilda'', and in 1956 he was appointed a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).

==List of works==
* ''Night Fears'' (1924), short stories
* ''Simonetta Perkins'' (1925)
* ''The Killing Bottle'' (1932), short stories
* ''The Shrimp and the Anemone'' (1944), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy I
* ''The West Window'' (1945)
* ''The Sixth Heaven'' (1946), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy II
* ''Eustace and Hilda'' (1947), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy III
* ''[[The Travelling Grave and Other Stories]]'' (1948), short stories
* ''The Boat'' (1949)
* ''My Fellow Devils'' (1951)
* ''[[The Go-Between]]'' (1953)
* ''The White Wand and Other Stories'' (1954), short stories
* ''A Perfect Woman'' (1955)
* ''The Hireling'' (1957)
* ''[[Facial Justice]]'' (1960)
* ''Two for the River'' (1961), short stories
* ''The Brickfield'' (1964)
* ''The Betrayal'' (1966)
* ''Essays by Divers Hands'', Volume XXXIV (1966), editor
* ''The Novelist's Responsibility'' (1967), essays
* ''Poor Clare'' (1968)
* ''The Collected Short Stories of L. P. Hartley'' (1968)
* ''The Love-Adept: A Variation on a Theme'' (1969)
* ''My Sisters' Keeper'' (1970)
* ''Mrs. Carteret Receives'' (1971), short stories
* ''The Harness Room'' (1971)
* ''The Collections: A Novel'' (1972)
* ''The Will and the Way'' (1973)
* ''The Complete Short Stories of L. P. Hartley'' (1973)
* ''The Collected Macabre Stories'' (2001)

==Further reading==
* Peter Bien, ''L. P. Hartley'' (1963)
* A. Mulkeen, ''Wild Thyme, Winter Lightning: The Symbolic Novels of L. P. Hartley'' (1974)
* E. T. Jones, ''L. P. Hartley'' (1978)
* J. Sullivan, ''Elegant Nightmares: The English Ghost Story from Le Fanu to Blackwood'' (1978) [Incl. critique of Hartley's ghost stories]
* A. Wright, ''Foreign Country: The Life of L. P. Hartley'' (1996)
* S. T. Joshi, ''The Evolution of the Weird Tale'' (2004) [Incl. essay on Hartley's ghost stories]

{{wikiquote}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=59124886}}
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[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:Ghost story writers]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:People educated at Clifton College]]
[[Category:People educated at Harrow School]]
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Jack Duckworth

2012-10-09T23:05:17Z

86.40.98.173: was moved to bill

{{Infobox soap character 2
| series = [[Coronation Street]]
| name = Jack Duckworth
| portrayer = [[Bill Tarmey]]
| image = [[File:Jack duckworth.jpg|200px]]
| introducer = [[Bill Podmore]]
| caption = Tarmey as Jack in 2007
| first = 28 November 1979
| last = 8 November 2010
| years = 1979, 1981–2010
| classification = [[List of past Coronation Street characters#D|Former; regular]]
| born = 7 November 1936
| death = 7 November 2010
| occupation = [[Retirement|Retired]] (previously [[Public house|Pub landlord]], [[welder]], [[window cleaner]], potman, taxi driver)
| father = Harry Duckworth
| mother = Maggie Duckworth
| brothers = Clifford Duckworth
| romances = [[Connie Rathbone]] (2009–10)
| wife = [[Vera Duckworth|Vera Burton]] (1957–2008)
| sons = [[Terry Duckworth]]
| grandsons = [[Paul Clayton (Coronation Street)|Paul Clayton]] [[Tommy Duckworth]] [[List of Coronation Street characters (1997)#Brad Armstrong|Brad Armstrong]]
|spinoffs = ''[[Coronation Street: Viva Las Vegas!|Viva Las Vegas!]]'' (1997)
}}
'''John Harold "Jack" Duckworth''' is a long-standing [[fictional character]] from the British [[ITV]] soap opera ''[[Coronation Street]]'', a long-running serial drama about working class life in the fictional town of [[Weatherfield]]. He is played by actor [[Bill Tarmey]]. The character debuted onscreen during the episode airing on 28 November 1979. Jack was introduced by executive producer [[Bill Podmore]].

More than 20 years after first appearing, Tarmey eventually cut down filming due to problems with his health and often contemplated leaving the series. In April 2010, it was announced that Tarmey would leave the series later that year. His last appearance was broadcast on 8 November 2010, with ITV also airing a tribute documentary for him. Having been in the show for 31 years, he was one of the longest-serving characters.

Jack's storylines have focused on his long-standing marriage to his wife [[Vera Duckworth|Vera]] which has been complex and at times been described as "rocky". Other storylines include coping with his wayward son [[Terry Duckworth|Terry]] and his hobby for pigeon keeping. In his final storyline he was portrayed as having incurable [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]. Jack has been characterised through his "joyless and gloomy" life in which he has a string of dead end jobs and his wife's death, but continued to pass witty remarks on life. Television critics have described Jack as a lovable rogue type character and have favoured his relationship with Vera. His exit storyline was fairly documented in the media, receiving positive reactions and many state he is fondly remembered for his love of pigeons.

==Casting==
Unlike the creation process with many other roles, no auditions were held for the part of Jack.<ref name="fdsa">{{cite book|last=Little|first=Daran|title=The Coronation Street Story: Celebrating Thirty-Five Years of the Street|year=1998|publisher=Boxtree|isbn=0-7522-1019-X|pages=161|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YiLgGAAACAAJ&dq=coronation+street+story&hl=en&ei=EdA-TejmIqiAhAeDncnZCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA}}</ref> Actor William Tarmey had previously been an extra in the serial and was offered the role on a more permanent basis. Of this Tarmey states: "I'd worked on ''Coronation Street'' for about ten years throwing darts in the background and whilst doing that I was doing little cameo parts, on other programmes."<ref name="fdsa"/> Tarmey was later required to film more and was eventually asked to become a regular cast member.<ref name="fdsa"/> Tarmey had prepared for this with the help of fellow cast members and of this he adds: "I've had so many helping hands through the years from [[Jean Alexander|Jean [Alexander]]] and [[Elizabeth Dawn|Liz [Dawn]]] and [[Julie Goodyear|Julie [Goodyear]]] and [[Bill Roache]] [who played [[Hilda Ogden]], [[Vera Duckworth]], [[Bet Lynch]] and [[Ken Barlow]] respectively], from them all".<ref name="fdsa"/>

In 1997 executive producer Brian Park axed a number of characters; Tarmey has stated he was so tired of seeing his fellow cast members worrying about their jobs that he asked to be written out, but Park decided to keep him on.<ref name="men">{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Paul|title=Bill Tarmey: My life on Coronation Street|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/tv_and_showbiz/s/1345971_bill_tarmey_my_life_on_coronation_street|work=Manchester Evening News|publisher=([[Trinity Mirror]])|accessdate=2010-10-09|date=18 October 2010}}</ref> In 2001 the serial imposed a series of reductions on salaries as part of cost cutting efforts. This resulted in Tarmey considering leaving, but producers decided against lowering his salary and convinced him to stay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/142279/Corrie-stars-all-right-Jack.html|title=Corrie stars all right, Jack|first=Charles|last=Yates|date=October 25, 2001|work=[[The Sun (newspaper)|The Sun]]|publisher=([[News International]])|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref> In 2006 he considered retirement,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/58478/Corrie-Jacks-ducking-out.html|title=Corrie's Jack ducking out|first=Guy|last=Patrick|work=[[The Sun (newspaper)|The Sun]]|publisher=([[News International]])|date=5 August 2006|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref> In 2004 Tarmey extended his contract further along with his on-screen partner Dawn.<ref>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Kris|title=Corrie veterans to stay another year|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/news/a15505/corrie-veterans-to-stay-another-year.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=([[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]])|accessdate=2010-12-16|date=27 August 2004}}</ref> In June 2008 he spoke of his desire to continue in the role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/tv/1341043/Coronation-Street-legend-Bill-Tarmey-says-he-is-not-quitting-the-soap.html|title=Coronation Street legend Bill Tarmey says he is not quitting the soap|date=26 June 2008|work=[[The Sun (newspaper)|The Sun]]|publisher=([[News International]])|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronationstreet/news/a104254/corries-jack-sticking-with-soap.html|title=Corrie's Jack sticking with soap|first=Kris|last=Green|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=([[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]])|date=June 26, 2008|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref>

From September 2009 onwards Tarmey filmed on an episodic basis. In storylines Jack moved away from Coronation Street but makes occasional appearances in the pub and at the cafe. The reason for this was due to Tarmey's increasing health problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv-entertainment/tv/todays-tv/2009/09/18/we-love-soaps-emmerdale-coronation-street-and-eastenders-115875-21681649/|title=We Love Soaps - Emmerdale, Coronation Street and Eastenders|first=Jane|last=Simon|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|publisher=([[Trinity Mirror]])|accessdate=2010-11-09|date=September 18, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/fame/article.html?Jack_moves_out_of_Coronation_Street&in_article_id=703429&in_page_id=7|title=Jack moves out of Coronation Street|work=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|The Metro]]|publisher=([[Associated Newspapers]])|date=15 July 2009|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronationstreet/scoop/a167122/pictures-jack-moves-in-with-connie-in-corrie.html|title=Jack moves in with Connie in Corrie|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=([[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]])|author=Kris Green|date=24 July 2009|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/a165263/bill-tarmey-cutting-back-on-corrie.html|title=Bill Tarmey 'cutting back on Corrie'|date=15 July 2009|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=([[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]])|author=Nissim, Mayer|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref> On 9 April 2010 it was announced Tarmey would leave the show. His final scenes were shown on 8 November 2010.<ref name="int">{{cite web|last=Phillips|first=Alison|title=Jack Duckworth actor Bill Tarmey on the secret illness forcing him out of Coronation Street|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv-entertainment/soap-news/2010/10/04/jack-duckworth-actor-bill-tarmey-on-the-secret-illness-forcing-him-out-of-coronation-street-115875-22607087/|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|publisher=([[Trinity Mirror]])|accessdate=2010-11-09|date=04 November 2010}}</ref> On 9 April 2010, it was announced that Bill Tarmey had quit his role of Jack in the shows 50th anniversary year. Speaking of his decision to quit, Tarmey stated: "I've had the most amazing 30 years playing Jack. Because of him I've made fantastic friends and travelled all over the world. I'll be sorry to say goodbye." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2010/04/09/coronation-street-s-jack-duckworth-quits-soap-115875-22172159/|title=Coronation Street's Jack Duckworth quits soap|date=9 April 2010|first=Charles|last=Yates|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|publisher=([[Trinity Mirror]])|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref> Filming Jack's final scenes upset Tarmey, of this he stated: "It was delightful. And very moving. It was a case of 'Pass the hand towel' [...] you know, filming those scenes was difficult. I'm leaving my other family. I've worked with all these people for 30-odd years and it was impossible for me to act or watch the death scene and cut that off."<ref name="hsop">{{cite web|title=Bill's tears over final scenes|url=http://holysoap.five.tv/news/bills-tears-over-final-scenes-10612|work=[[Holy Soap]]|publisher=([[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel Five]])|accessdate=2010-10-09|date=02 November 2010}}</ref>

==Character development==
===Characterisation===
[[ITV]] publicity describe him as liking pigeons and betting and disliking household chores.<ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Jack Duckworth (William Tarmey)|url=http://www.itv.com/soaps/coronationstreet/characters/f-lcharacters/jackduckworth/|work=[[ITV{{!}}itv.com]]|publisher=([[ITV plc]])|accessdate=2010-11-12|date=2009}}</ref> Stuart Heritage of newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]'' describes Jack as having "a constant downbeat aura of a person who knows that his entire life has been a joyless procession of gloomy disappointments."<ref name="glasses"/> Another reporter of the newspaper, Mark Lawson, described Jack as "A pigeon-fancying, flat-cap-wearing, wise-cracking, philandering, Sinatra-loving Lancashire lad, Jack epitomised the vivid character comedy in which the serial specialises."<ref name="guard">{{cite web|last=Lawson|first=Mark|title=Jack Duckworth waltzes out of Coronation Street|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2010/nov/08/jack-duckworth-coronation-street|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=([[Guardian Media Group|Guardian Media Group plc]])|accessdate=2010-11-11|date=08 November 2010}}</ref>

In 1991 Tarmey spoke of Jack's changes in attitude over his early years in the book ''Life on the Street''.<ref name="boook">{{cite book |title=Life in the Street |last=Kay |first=Graeme |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1991 |publisher=Boxtree Limited |location= |isbn=1-85283-161-8 |page=58 |pages= |url=http://www.book-info.com/isbn/1-85283-161-8.htm|accessdate=2010-11-15}}</ref> "Jack has settled down and matured a bit, he has accepted things with a kind of middle-aged resignation", Tarmey stated.<ref name="boook"/> He also branded Jack's days of chasing "birds" as over and some of his greatest loves as being "booze and barmaids".<ref name="boook"/> Jack has a "strange moral code" when it comes to his marriage.<ref name="boook"/> Tarmey brands one of Jack's good qualities as being the fact he is not a thief, but did add "He regards stealing [[Alec Gilroy]]'s ([[Roy Barraclough]]) beer as one of the perks of his job".<ref name="boook"/>

===Jack and Vera===
Jack's relationship with [[Vera Duckworth|Vera Burton]] ([[Elizabeth Dawn]]) has always been up and down, they have had a rocky marriage and sometimes Jack appears to show little care for her.<ref name="boook"/> Tarmey describes the first few decades in the following manner: "He would never knowingly hurt people and he loves Vera, although he doesn't always like her. He will defend her to the death, unless the chap slagging her off is bigger than he is! Jack is not a thief either!"<ref name="boook"/> In their "hey-day" they were dubbed as the modern day [[Stan Ogden|Stan]] ([[Bernard Youens]]) and [[Hilda Ogden]] ([[Jean Alexander]])<ref name="boook"/> In their early days, Jack and Vera both had their fair share of dalliances. In 1982, whilst Vera was entertaining her own boyfriend, Jack had developed an attraction towards [[Bet Lynch]] ([[Julie Goodyear]]).<ref name="fdsa"/> Tarmey recalls the scenes in which Jack and Bet flirt, stating he was nervous and had to have Goodyear's help.<ref name="fdsa"/> They believed the storyline was a turning point for the two and was written with wit.<ref name="fdsa"/> Dawn opines: "It was very cleverly written, because Vera knew that Jack had a girlfriend on the side but she didn't know the other woman was Bet. So she chose Bet as someone to confide in, and she really opened her heart. It was quite moving as well as funny." This led to classic showdown in the Rovers.<ref name="fdsa"/>

In another storyline Jack's son Terry sells his baby [[Tommy Duckworth]] (Darryl Edwards), leaving Jack and Vera devastated. When Jack and Vera realise what he has done, Jack punches Terry. The scenes made viewers happy to see Terry getting what hurt.<ref name="fdsa"/> Tarmey himself felt sadness because he knew how Jack felt: "When I first saw the script I was very sad [...] I worked out the punch with Nigel and I missed him by a whisker. Since then I've had letters saying "Well done for cracking him one" from little of old ladies, young women, kids, guys."<ref name="fdsa"/>

On 8 November 2010 Tarmey made his final appearance, with Jack dying in his armchair at his old Coronation Street house, following a birthday party at the Rovers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.people.co.uk/celebs-tv/soaps/2010/09/19/bill-tarmey-s-final-emotional-farewell-to-corrie-102039-22570879/|title=Bill Tarmey's Emotional Farewell to Corrie|first=Caroline|last=Waterston|work=[[The People]]|publisher=([[Trinity Mirror]])|date=19 September 2010|accessdate=2010-11-09}}</ref> In Jack's final death scene he sees visions of Vera, which Dawn returned to film.<ref>{{citenews|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/news/a266084/jack-duckworth-will-speak-to-veras-ghost.html|title=Jack Duckworth will speak to Vera's ghost|first=Ryan|last=Love|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]]|date=23 August 2010|accessdate=2011-02-14}}</ref> Producer [[Phil Collinson]] explained his why they decided to include her: "It's something I've heard a lot. People say, 'When my mother was dying she saw my father' [...] It's a story I've heard a few people say. We're storytellers at the end of the day. Yes it's Coronation Street and yes it reflects real life, but we're storytellers."<ref name=verdea>{{cite web|title=Corrie explains Jack's death scene|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/soap-explains-jacks-death-scene-15000089.html|work=[[The Belfast Telegraph]]|publisher=([[Independent News & Media]])|accessdate=2011-02-14|date=10 November 2010}}</ref> Whilst Executive producer Kieran Roberts opined that he would be surprised if anyone thought it was the wrong decision.<ref name=verdea/>

== Storylines ==
===Backstory===
Whilst Jack is working a fairground ride, The Waltzer, he meets Vera, and they soon begin a relationship. When Vera announces that she is pregnant with his baby, Jack agrees to marry her. Even after discovering this is a false alarm, Jack still takes her hand in marriage. During a trip to the [[United States]], Jack confesses to being two years younger than Vera is aware, as he had lied at their wedding, making out that he was older than he really was in an attempt to impress a young Vera. Since they had not been legally married, they make their marriage official by tying the knot in the famous [[The Little White Wedding Chapel|Little White Wedding Chapel]] in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. A pregnant Vera gives birth to a son, whom they named [[Terry Duckworth|Terry]] (later to be played by [[Nigel Pivaro]]).

===1979–2010===
Jack makes his first appearance on 28 November 1979 when Vera forces him to attend the wedding of her friend and work colleague [[Ivy Tilsley]]'s ([[Lynne Perrie]]) son [[Brian Tilsley|Brian]] ([[Christopher Quinten]]) to [[Gail Potter]] ([[Helen Worth]]). He returns in 1981 and for two years appears on a semi-regular basis. Jack and Vera move into the street in 1983, much to the dismay of many of the Street's residents. Prior to Jack's 1979 debut William Tarmey often appeared as an extra in the [[Rovers Return Inn]], playing darts. Jack later has an affair with Bet, which he later regrets. Jack enrols with a video dating agency in 1983, referring to himself as "Vince St. Clair" and obtains a white suit, gold medallion and phoney trans-Atlantic accent. Vera also takes part in this. She refers to herself as "Carole Munroe", and is shocked when she sees Jack's video. She arranges to meet him in the Rovers Return Inn, wearing a ginger wig, claiming to be a rich widow. When she turns around, Jack is shocked to see his wife staring back at him and she chases him out of the pub much to the amusement of the other customers.
[[File:EarlyJackduckworth.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Jack Duckworth as he appeared in 1982.]]
Vera is almost tempted into an affair with Lestor Fontaine, but is soon to realise that she cannot leave Jack. In 2000, Vera worries that she may die in an operation, and confesses to Jack that she had an affair during the early years of their marriage, meaning there is a possibility that Terry is not Jack's son. Jack confesses to his friend [[Curly Watts]] ([[Kevin Kennedy (actor)|Kevin Kennedy]]) that unbeknownst to Vera he had knowledge of the affair, and had beaten her lover up, though he claims that he believes Terry to be his own son as he reminds him too much of himself.

Terry causes trouble for Jack and Vera through his various relationships with women. He dates neighbour [[Andrea Clayton]] (Caroline O'Neill) in 1985 and she becomes pregnant, sparking a feud between the Claytons and the Duckworths. At Ivy Tilsley's engagement party to George Wardle in The Rovers, Jack asks Andrea's father Harry (Johnny Leeze) if they are sure Terry is the father and Harry punches him. The Claytons later move away. In 1992 Terry is released from prison to marry his pregnant girlfriend Lisa Horton ([[Caroline Milmoe]]) and uses the ceremony to escape. Lisa moves to Weatherfield from her home town of Blackpool and begins a relationship with local bookie [[Des Barnes]] ([[Philip Middlemiss]]) and moving in with him, a decision which infuriates Vera. While Jack is more sympathetic towards Lisa, knowing Terry will never stand by his wife and child, he nonetheless feels he has to side with his wife. Lisa gives birth to a boy whom she names Tommy and five months later, Lisa is killed after being run over by a car, and Jack and Vera are delighted when Tommy comes to live with them. Jack and Vera find it hard to cope financially, but Terry takes Tommy off them and sells him to Lisa's parents Geoff and Doreen Horton and he goes to live with them in Blackpool. Jack and Vera are devastated and a furious argument with Terry follows, resulting in Jack punching Terry and disowning him. Jack and Vera receive another grandson, Brad, after Terry's fling with Tricia Armstrong ([[Tracy Brabin]]). Jack also develops a paternal relationship with Tricia's son from her first marriage, [[Jamie Armstrong|Jamie]] ([[Joseph Gilgun]]).

{{Quote_box |width=39% |align=right|quote="I loved the scene in the Duckworths' front room when Jack was cradling Tommy in his arms. He was singing him his favourite Sinatra songs and Tommy dropped off to sleep. This scene was absolutely delightful. I love kids, and during the scene Tommy was just like one of my own grandchildren."|source=—Tarmey remembers the realism of a 1992 episode of the serial. (1997).<ref>{{cite book|title=The official 1997 annual of Coronation Street|year=1996|publisher=World International Ltd|isbn=0-7498-2815-3|page=15|url=http://www.abebooks.co.uk/9780749828158/1997-Coronation-Annual-0749828153/plp|author=Rob Sharp|accessdate=2010-11-12}}</ref>}}

Jack and Vera later became surrogate parents for [[Tyrone Dobbs]] ([[Alan Halsall]]), whose mother has been imprisoned for assault. Jack considers Tyrone as more of a son than Terry had ever been. Jack is fond of pigeons though Vera hates them, and she once tricks him into believing that she has cooked him a [[pigeon pie]]. Jack once agrees to sell his dead body for a large amount of cash to an artist (Maggie McCarthy) who enjoys painting stuffed humans, so he could buy Vera a [[Christmas]] present. When Vera discovers this, she argues with the woman, who then turns up, inspired by Vera. They agree to both pose nude for the artist, but on condition that they would be buried as normal. The Duckworths celebrate their Golden Wedding anniversary with a party at the Rovers in August 2007. After the couple plan to move to [[Blackpool]], Jack discovers Vera has died in her armchair on 18 January 2008, devastating many of Coronation Street's residents. This prompts Jack to remain in [[Weatherfield]], although, he still offers the house to Tyrone and his girlfriend [[Molly Dobbs|Molly Compton]] ([[Vicky Binns]]), though they insist that he remain as lodger. Months later, Jack's grandson [[Paul Clayton (Coronation Street)|Paul Clayton]] ([[Tom Hudson]]), having returned to Weatherfield previously, confesses to the police to burning down Valandro's, [[Leanne Battersby]] ([[Jane Danson]])'s restaurant. He also confesses this to Jack who is disgusted with his grandson's behaviour and tells him he is his father's son. Despite his disgust, Jack offers Paul £10,000 that he has received from the house, on the condition that Paul faces prison. However, Paul cannot face it and decides to flee the country. This reassures Jack that Paul is different from Terry. When Molly's aunt [[Pam Hobsworth]] ([[Kate Anthony]]) later moves into number 9, Jack decides to spend a few months in Blackpool. Upon his return, he describes at Tyrone and Molly's wedding in January 2009 that Tyrone is the son he and Vera had always wanted. Later that year, Jack meets [[Connie Rathbone]] ([[Rita May (actress)|Rita May]]), a widow and pigeon enthusiast. The two become good friends, although Tyrone feels that Jack's behaviour is disrespectful to the memory of Vera. Jack soon goes on holiday with Connie to [[Spain]] and lies to Tyrone and Molly that he is returning to Blackpool. When he comes back, Tyrone discovers the truth and is unhappy with Jack. Tyrone begins to soften towards Connie but is still shocked when Jack announces that he is moving in with Connie and he leaves on 21 September 2009.

Following his move to Connie's home in the suburbs Jack's appearances on the Street become intermittent. In November 2009, Jack and Connie join Tyrone in the Rovers for a drink. After Connie leaves, Jack tells Tyrone that he is worried that she wants more than companionship. Jack then hides out at Tyrone's until Connie catches up with him and reveals it is only a misunderstanding about her sleepwalking, much to Jack's relief. Jack and Connie join Tyrone, [[Bill Webster]] ([[Peter Armitage]]) and Pam on Christmas Day 2009. Jack is present once again in early 2010, when Molly and Tyrone are having marriage difficulties and is seen in the Rovers after the funeral of [[Blanche Hunt]] ([[Maggie Jones (actress)|Maggie Jones]]) in May 2010. Jack appears on 9 September 2010 to visit Molly, after she has just given birth, and is told her and Tyrone's son will be named Jack in honour of him. In October 2010 Jack moves back in with Tyrone and Molly and they suspect that he has fallen out with Connie. Jack initially tells Tyrone that he has simply missed living with them both. However, when Connie turns up at the house and cryptically demands why Jack hasn't told them the real reason for his stay, he is forced to reveal the truth. On 8 October 2010, Jack tells a Tyrone that he has an incurable form of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] and only has weeks to live, leaving Tyrone devastated. He returns to No. 9 to live out the remainder of his days, and makes Tyrone promise that they will make the most of his last few weeks. During his final weeks, Jack strives to perform acts of kindness for those around him. He sends Sally Webster ([[Sally Dynevor]]) tickets for the opera after hearing her say that she always wanted to go. After seeing [[Emily Bishop]] ([[Eileen Derbyshire]]) collecting money in the Rovers to repair the roof of the local church, he anonymously donates over 2,000 pounds to the fund. When [[Ashley Peacock]] ([[Steven Arnold]]) confides in Jack about problems that he is having with his wife [[Claire Peacock|Claire]] ([[Julia Haworth]]), he attempts to reconcile the couple by encouraging them to talk to one another. After baby Jack's christening on 5 November 2010, Jack is devastated when he overhears a conversation between Molly and [[Kevin Webster]] ([[Michael Le Vell]]), in which Kevin reveals that he is the father of baby Jack, and not Tyrone as a result of an affair they had.

On 8 November 2010, Tyrone organises a party for Jack's 74th birthday in the Rovers Return. Jack reveals to Molly that he overheard her and Kevin discussing baby Jack's paternity. Jack does not condemn Molly and he admits he and Vera had both done the same as she had to each other but tells her that Tyrone never would and pleads with her to move the family away from Weatherfield. Later, after seeing Tyrone and Molly happy together with baby Jack he decides to quietly slip out of his party saying his final words to [[Peter Barlow (Coronation Street)|Peter Barlow]] ([[Chris Gascoyne]]) and [[Carla Connor]] ([[Alison King]]) and then waving goodbye to [[Ken Barlow]] ([[William Roache]]), who raises a glass to him as he leaves. Jack goes home and whilst listening to a [[Matt Monro]] record which Tyrone had given him as a present, he dies in his chair and is joined by the ghost of Vera, who tells him off, yet again, for his scruffy appearance. Jack leaves his body and gets out of his chair and dances with Vera and they kiss. Later on Tyrone, Molly and Connie return home to find Jack dead in his chair, and a tearful Tyrone says his last words to him "Good Night Dad". Jack and Vera's ashes are later scattered off Blackpool Pier by Tyrone and Connie.

==In other media==
Jack appears in a theatrical version of the story of ''Coronation Street'' titled "Corrie!" in which Jack and Vera are shown as Terry sells their grandchild.<ref name=stage>{{cite web|last=Mangan|first=Lucy|title=Corrie on stage? Bless my hairnet!|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2011/feb/09/corrie-stage-cornonation-street|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=([[Guardian Media Group|Guardian Media Group Plc]])|accessdate=2011-02-14|date=9 February 2011}}</ref>

==Reception==
In January 1985, David Porter of current affairs magazine, ''[[Third Way Magazine|Third Way]]'', criticised ''Coronation Street's'' attitude towards employment, stating that being unemployed seemed to not be a problem for some characters as they were either "loved layabouts" or "acknowledged rogues", like Jack.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Soap and flannel|first=David|last=Porter|work=Third Way Magazine|year=1985|publisher=Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd|page=18|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DFumBCdXqU0C&pg=PA18&dq=jack+duckworth&hl=en&ei=8dnZTNzfFcaAhAeJwdXPAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=jack%20duckworth&f=false|accessdate=2010-11-09}}</ref> In Dorothy Catherine Anger's book ''Other worlds: society seen through soap opera'' she brands Jack as one of the "middle aged men" who "over the years have, stymied their wives' efforts to be accepted as respectable".<ref name="l">{{cite book|title=Other worlds: society seen through soap opera|year=1999|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=1-55111-103-9|page=56|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=A3M-BkqXvOcC&pg=PA56&dq=jack+duckworth&hl=en&ei=B3vZTPmnKsqzhAfJgOXcAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=jack%20duckworth&f=false|author=Dorothy Catherine Anger|accessdate=2010-11-09}}</ref> Dorothy Hobson in her book ''Soap Opera'' stated that marriages never seem to last in the genre, but added that Jack and Vera were an exception, in her opinion it was because although he loved her, he was terrified of sex.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hobson|first=Dorothy|title=Soap opera|year=2003|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=0-7456-2655-6|page=129|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tzqK15wsWrIC&pg=PA129&dq=jack+duckworth&hl=en&ei=B3vZTPmnKsqzhAfJgOXcAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=jack%20duckworth&f=false|accessdate=2010-11-09}}</ref> Ian Wylie of ''The Guardian'' branded Jack and Vera as "one of TV drama's most enduring – and real – double acts".<ref name="ianwylie">{{cite web|last=Wylie|first=Ian|title=Coronation Street's Jack Duckworth: a farewell|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2010/nov/08/coronation-street-jack-duckworth|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=([[Guardian Media Group|Guardian Media Group plc]])|accessdate=2010-11-12|date=09 November 2010}}</ref> [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel Five]]'s soap opera reporting website [[Holy Soap]] brands Jack's most memorable moments as being "his Vince St Clair alias" and "when Jack returned home to find Vera had died in her sleep."<ref name="holy">{{cite web|title=Holy Soap > Coronation Street > Cast > Jack Duckworth|url=http://holysoap.five.tv/coronationstreet/cast/jack-duckworth-149|work=[[Holy Soap]]|publisher=([[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel Five]])|accessdate=2010-11-09|date=2010}}</ref> The website has also branded him a "pigeon fancier"<ref name="hsop"/> [[What's on TV]] describe Jack stating: "Had a famously rocky marriage to Vera but widower Jack Duckworth (William Tarmey) has mellowed over the years. Once a bit of a jack-the-lad, he's now more of a 'Jack the kipper', as he's enjoying retirement and taking life easy."<ref name="ipc">{{cite web|title=Soaps - Coronation Street - Who's Who - Jack Duckworth|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/soaps/coronation-street/whos-who/jack-duckworth/844|work=[[What's on TV]]|publisher=([[IPC Media]])|accessdate=2010-11-09|date=2010}}</ref>

TV critic Jim Shelley for the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' spoke of his regret that Jack Duckworth would be leaving the show: "Soap characters come and go, but it's a genuine shame that, after 31 years, Bill Tarmey is finally leaving ''Coronation Street''. It's hard to think of a more popular or nicer character than Jack Duckworth. Decent people are few and far between in soaps. Viewers loved Stan and Hilda Ogden for example. But you couldn't say that they were as warm or reassuring a presence as Jack. Of course he was part of one of the great loving couples/double acts in Street history."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.mirror.co.uk/shelleyvision/tag/Coronation%20Street|title=ShelleyVision|first=Jim|last=Sheley|date=April 2010|work=[[Daily Mirror|The Mirror]]|publisher=([[Trinity Mirror]])|accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref> 11.64 million viewers tuned in to see Jack's final appearance.<ref name="rating">{{cite web|last=Millar|first=Paul|title=11.6m watch Corrie's Jack, Vera reunite|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/news/a286810/116m-watch-corries-jack-vera-reunite.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=([[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]])|accessdate=2010-11-09|date=9 November 2010}}</ref>

Jack's final scenes on the show were praised by fans and critics alike.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a286723/jack-duckworth-tributes-pour-in.html|title=Jack Duckworth Tributes Pour In|first=Paul|last=Millar|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=([[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]])|date=8 November 2010|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref> Jim Shelley called Jack's death scene with the ghostly appearance of Vera, "one the most moving scenes ever seen in soap".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/columnists/jim-shelley/2010/11/09/jack-duckworth-s-tear-jerking-departure-a-fitting-exit-for-a-coronation-street-favourite-115875-22703233/|title=Jack Duckworth's tear-jerking departure a fitting exit for a Coronation Street favourite|first=Jim|last=Shelley|work=[[Daily Mirror|The Mirror]]|publisher=([[Trinity Mirror]])|date=9 November 2010|accessdate=2010-11-10}}</ref> [[Mark Lawson]] of ''The Guardian'' described Jack and Vera's last dance as a great piece of social realism.<ref name="guard"/> As a tribute to the character ITV broadcast a short documentary profiling Jack's life in the serial.<ref name="stvdoc">{{cite web|title=Tribute documentary planned for Coronation Street's Jack Duckworth|url=http://entertainment.stv.tv/tv/203493-tribute-documentary-planned-for-coronation-streets-jack-duckworth/|work=[[STV (TV network)|STV]]|publisher=([[STV Group plc]])|accessdate=2010-11-12|date=19 October 2010}}</ref> 7 million viewers tuned into watch the show.<ref name="rat">{{cite web|last=Deans|first=Jason|title=Jack Duckworth documentary draws nearly 7m|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/nov/11/itv1-jack-duckworth|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=([[Guardian Media Group|Guardian Media Group plc]])|accessdate=2010-11-11|date=11 November 2010}}</ref> Stuart Heritage of ''The Guardian'' stated that Jack had iconic accessories which are his "golden-era glasses" stuck together with Elastoplast and his vest. They also commented on his pigeon keeping hobby, stating: "Forget Vera Duckworth, the one true love of Jack's life was his flock of pigeons."<ref name="glasses">{{cite web|last=Heritage|first=Stuart|title=Ta-ra chuck: Jack Duckworth checks out of Coronation Street|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2010/nov/06/jack-duckworth-leaves-coronation-street|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=([[Guardian Media Group|Guardian Media Group plc]])|accessdate=2010-11-11|date=06 November 2010}}</ref> Lucy Mangan writing for ''The Guardian'' reviewed the serial's theatrical piece ''Corrie!'', stating: "The scene in which Terry arrives to take his son away from grandparents Jack and Vera is enough to precipitate a Proustian rush of tearful memories. All those years of misery the wretched Terry caused his parents – oh, Jack's bitter resignation! - come flooding back. <ref name=stage/> In the ''Morley Observer & Advertiser'' a columnist expressed their disappointment Jack and Vera were onscreen when he wanted to watch football and opined "difference is that the dramatic acting in the football is better".<ref name=morls>{{cite web|title=Jack and Vera plus floods of tears as gallant England return|url=http://www.morleyobserver.co.uk/news/jack_and_vera_plus_floods_of_tears_as_gallant_england_return_1_1373006|work=Morley Observer & Advertiser|publisher=([[Johnston Press|Johnston Press Plc]])|accessdate=2011-02-14|date=4 July 2006}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.itv.com/soaps/coronationstreet/characters/f-lcharacters/jackduckworth/ Character profile] on [http://www.itv.com/ ITV.com]
*[http://www.webcitation.org/5uAkM1Hod Character profile] on [[STV (TV network)|STV]]
*[http://holysoap.five.tv/coronationstreet/cast/jack-duckworth-149 Character profile] on [[Holy Soap]]
* [http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/soaps/coronation-street/whos-who/jack-duckworth/844 Character profile] on [[What's on TV]]

{{Coronation Street}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duckworth, Jack}}
[[Category:Coronation Street characters]]
[[Category:Fictional bartenders]]
[[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1979]]

L. P. Hartley

2012-10-09T22:58:56Z

86.40.98.173: copyediting

'''Leslie Poles Hartley''' [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (30 December 1895 – 13 December 1972), known as '''L. P. Hartley''', was a British novelist and [[short story]] writer. His best-known novels are the ''Eustace and Hilda'' trilogy (1947) and ''[[The Go-Between]]'' (1953). The latter was made into a [[The Go-Between (film)|1970 film]], directed by [[Joseph Losey]] with a star cast, in an adaptation by [[Harold Pinter]]. Its opening sentence, "The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there", has become almost [[proverb]]ial.

==Biography==
Leslie Poles Hartley was born on 30 December 1895 in [[Whittlesey]], [[Cambridgeshire]], where he lived with his parents, Bessie and Harry Hartley, and his two sisters, Enid and Annie Norah. He then moved to an estate near Peterborough with his family. He was educated in [[Cliftonville]], [[Thanet]], then briefly at [[Clifton College]], where he first met [[Clifford Henry Benn Kitchin]], and at [[Harrow School]]. In 1915 he went up to [[Balliol College, Oxford]], to read modern history. There he befriended [[Aldous Huxley]].

In 1916 he joined the [[British Army]]. He was commissioned as an officer, but for health reasons never left the United Kingdom. Invalided out, he returned to Oxford University in 1919, where he gathered a number of literary friends, including [[Lord David Cecil|David Cecil]].

His work was published in ''Oxford Poetry'' in 1920 and 1922. He edited ''Oxford Outlook'', with [[Gerald Howard]] and [[A. B. B. Valentine]] in 1920, and in 1921 with [[Basil Murray]] and [[Christopher Hollis]] also. At this time he was introduced by Huxley to [[Lady Ottoline Morrell]]. Kitchin, who was at Oxford also, introduced him to the [[H. H. Asquith|Asquiths]]; [[Cynthia Asquith]] became a lifelong friend. Despite being named after [[Leslie Stephen]], Hartley always belonged to the Asquith milieu, and was rebuffed by the [[Bloomsbury group]].

Success came with having his first writing published and becoming a reviewer after his Oxford degree. Though this gave him rapid social elevation it brought him limited happiness, and in 1922 he suffered a nervous breakdown. Soon afterwards he started spending much time in Venice; he continued to do so for many years.

Until the success of ''[[The Go-Between]]'' he gained little commercial recognition. He was, nevertheless, awarded the 1947 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for ''Eustace and Hilda'', and in 1956 he was appointed a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).

==List of works==
* ''Night Fears'' (1924), short stories
* ''Simonetta Perkins'' (1925)
* ''The Killing Bottle'' (1932), short stories
* ''The Shrimp and the Anemone'' (1944), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy I
* ''The West Window'' (1945)
* ''The Sixth Heaven'' (1946), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy II
* ''Eustace and Hilda'' (1947), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy III
* ''[[The Travelling Grave and Other Stories]]'' (1948), short stories
* ''The Boat'' (1949)
* ''My Fellow Devils'' (1951)
* ''[[The Go-Between]]'' (1953)
* ''The White Wand and Other Stories'' (1954), short stories
* ''A Perfect Woman'' (1955)
* ''The Hireling'' (1957)
* ''[[Facial Justice]]'' (1960)
* ''Two for the River'' (1961), short stories
* ''The Brickfield'' (1964)
* ''The Betrayal'' (1966)
* ''Essays by Divers Hands'', Volume XXXIV (1966), editor
* ''The Novelist's Responsibility'' (1967), essays
* ''Poor Clare'' (1968)
* ''The Collected Short Stories of L. P. Hartley'' (1968)
* ''The Love-Adept: A Variation on a Theme'' (1969)
* ''My Sisters' Keeper'' (1970)
* ''Mrs. Carteret Receives'' (1971), short stories
* ''The Harness Room'' (1971)
* ''The Collections: A Novel'' (1972)
* ''The Will and the Way'' (1973)
* ''The Complete Short Stories of L. P. Hartley'' (1973)
* ''The Collected Macabre Stories'' (2001)

==Further reading==
* Peter Bien, ''L. P. Hartley'' (1963)
* A. Mulkeen, ''Wild Thyme, Winter Lightning: The Symbolic Novels of L. P. Hartley'' (1974)
* E. T. Jones, ''L. P. Hartley'' (1978)
* J. Sullivan, ''Elegant Nightmares: The English Ghost Story from Le Fanu to Blackwood'' (1978) [Incl. critique of Hartley's ghost stories]
* A. Wright, ''Foreign Country: The Life of L. P. Hartley'' (1996)
* S. T. Joshi, ''The Evolution of the Weird Tale'' (2004) [Incl. essay on Hartley's ghost stories]

{{wikiquote}}

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L. P. Hartley

2012-10-09T22:57:39Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

'''Leslie Poles Hartley''' [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (30 December 1895 – 13 December 1972), known as '''L. P. Hartley''', was a British novelist and [[short story]] writer. His best-known novels are the ''Eustace and Hilda'' trilogy (1947) and ''[[The Go-Between]]'' (1953). The latter was made into a [[The Go-Between (film)|1970 film]], directed by [[Joseph Losey]] with a star cast, in an adaptation by [[Harold Pinter]]. Its opening sentence, "The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there", has become almost [[proverb]]ial.

==Biography==
Leslie Poles Hartley was born on 30 December 1895 in [[Whittlesey]], [[Cambridgeshire]], where he lived with his parents, Bessie and Harry Hartley, and his two sisters, Enid and Annie Norah. He then moved to an estate near Peterborough with his family. He was educated in [[Cliftonville]], [[Thanet]], then briefly at [[Clifton College]], where he first met [[Clifford Henry Benn Kitchin]], and at [[Harrow School]]. In 1915 he went up to [[Balliol College, Oxford]], to read modern history. There he befriended [[Aldous Huxley]].

In 1916 he joined the [[British Army]]. He was commissioned as an officer, but for health reasons never left the United Kingdom. Invalided out, he returned to Oxford University in 1919, where he gathered a number of literary friends, including [[Lord David Cecil|David Cecil]].

His work was published in ''Oxford Poetry'' in 1920 and 1922. He edited ''Oxford Outlook'', with [[Gerald Howard]] and [[A. B. B. Valentine]] in 1920, and in 1921 with [[Basil Murray]] and [[Christopher Hollis]] also. At this time he was introduced by Huxley to [[Lady Ottoline Morrell]]. Kitchin, who was at Oxford also, introduced him to the [[H. H. Asquith|Asquiths]]; [[Cynthia Asquith]] became a lifelong friend. Despite being named after [[Leslie Stephen]], Hartley always belonged to the Asquith milieu, and was rebuffed by the [[Bloomsbury group]].

Success came with having his first writing published and becoming a reviewer after his Oxford degree. Though this gave him rapid social elevation it brought him limited happiness, and in 1922 he suffered a nervous breakdown. Soon afterwards he started spending much time in Venice; he continued to do so for many years.

Until the success of ''[[The Go-Between]]'' he gained little commercial recognition. He was, nevertheless, awarded the 1947 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for ''Eustace and Hilda'', and in 1956 he was appointed a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).

==List of works==
* ''Night Fears'' (1924), short stories
* ''Simonetta Perkins'' (1925)
* ''The Killing Bottle'' (1932), short stories
* ''The Shrimp and the Anemone'' (1944), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy I
* ''The West Window'' (1945)
* ''The Sixth Heaven'' (1946), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy II
* ''Eustace and Hilda'' (1947), Eustace and Hilda Trilogy III
* ''[[The Travelling Grave and Other Stories]]'' (1948), short stories
* ''The Boat'' (1949)
* ''My Fellow Devils'' (1951)
* ''[[The Go-Between]]'' (1953)
* ''The White Wand and Other Stories'' (1954), short stories
* ''A Perfect Woman'' (1955)
* ''The Hireling'' (1957)
* ''[[Facial Justice]]'' (1960)
* ''Two for the River'' (1961), short stories
* ''The Brickfield'' (1964)
* ''The Betrayal'' (1966)
* ''Essays by Divers Hands'', Volume XXXIV (1966), editor
* ''The Novelist's Responsibility'' (1967), essays
* ''Poor Clare'' (1968)
* ''The Collected Short Stories of L. P. Hartley'' (1968)
* ''The Love-Adept: A Variation on a Theme'' (1969)
* ''My Sisters' Keeper'' (1970)
* ''Mrs. Carteret Receives'' (1971), short stories
* ''The Harness Room'' (1971)
* ''The Collections: A Novel'' (1972)
* ''The Will and the Way'' (1973)
* ''The Complete Short Stories of L. P. Hartley'' (1973)
* ''The Collected Macabre Stories'' (2001)

==Further reading==
* Peter Bien, ''L. P. Hartley'' (1963)
* A. Mulkeen, ''Wild Thyme, Winter Lightning: The Symbolic Novels of L. P. Hartley'' (1974)
* E. T. Jones, ''L. P. Hartley'' (1978)
* J. Sullivan, ''Elegant Nightmares: The English Ghost Story from Le Fanu to Blackwood'' (1978) [Incl. critique of Hartley's ghost stories]
* A. Wright, ''Foreign Country: The Life of L. P. Hartley'' (1996)
* S. T. Joshi, ''The Evolution of the Weird Tale'' (2004) [Incl. essay on Hartley's ghost stories]

{{wikiquote}}

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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 30 December 1895
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 13 December 1972
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hartley, LP}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:People educated at Clifton College]]
[[Category:People educated at Harrow School]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:Ghost story writers]]
[[Category:People from Whittlesey]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]

[[de:Leslie Poles Hartley]]
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[[sv:L.P. Hartley]]

James Tait Black Memorial Prize

2012-10-09T22:47:34Z

86.40.98.173:

The '''James Tait Black Memorial Prizes''' are [[literary prize]]s awarded for literature written in the English language. They are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the [[University of Edinburgh]] in [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom]], the prizes were founded in 1919 by Mrs Janet Coutts Black in memory of her late husband, James Tait Black, a partner in the publishing house of [[A & C Black]] Ltd.

==Overview==
Four winners of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] received the James Tait Black earlier in their careers; Sir [[William Golding]], [[Nadine Gordimer]] and [[J. M. Coetzee]] each collected the James Tait Black for fiction, whilst [[Doris Lessing]] took the prize for biography. In addition to these literary Nobels, [[Sir Ronald Ross]], whose 1923 autobiography ''Memoirs, Etc.'' received the biography prize, was already a Nobel Laureate, having been awarded the 1902 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on malaria.

Other major literary figures to receive the fiction award include [[D. H. Lawrence]], [[E. M. Forster]], [[Arnold Bennett]], [[Bruce Chatwin]], [[John Buchan]], [[Robert Graves]], [[Arthur Waley]], [[Graham Greene]], [[Evelyn Waugh]], [[Anthony Powell]], [[Muriel Spark]], [[J. G. Ballard]], [[Angela Carter]], [[Margaret Drabble]], [[Elizabeth Bowen]], [[John Berger]], [[Iris Murdoch]], [[John Banville]], [[Salman Rushdie]] and [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]]. Recipients of the biography award include [[John Buchan]], [[Antonia Fraser]], [[Richard Ellmann]], [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]], [[Claire Tomalin]], [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]], [[R. F. Foster]], [[Martin Amis]] and [[John Carey (critic)|John Carey]].

More recent winners of note include [[Alan Hollinghurst]], [[Graham Swift]], [[Beryl Bainbridge]], [[Zadie Smith]], [[Andrew O'Hagan]], [[David Peace]], [[Ian McEwan]], [[Rosalind Belben]], [[Sebastian Barry]] and [[A. S. Byatt]], all of whom have received either the fiction prize in the course of the last two decades.

==Selection process and prize administration==
The winners are chosen by the Professor of English Literature at the University, who is assisted by PhD students in the shortlisting phase, a structure which is seen to lend the prizes a considerable gravitas. At the award of the 2006 prizes, [[Cormac McCarthy]]'s publisher commented positively on the selection process noting that, in the absence of a sponsor and literary or media figures amongst the judging panel, the decision is made by "...students and professors, whose only real agenda can be great books and great writing".<ref name="Video report of the James Tait Black Prize ceremony">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/200708_25_JTBAward.wvx
|publisher=University of Edinburgh
|title=Video report of the James Tait Black Prize ceremony, August 2007
|date=August 27, 2007

}}</ref> The original endowment is now supplemented by the University and, as a consequence, the total prize fund rose from £6,000 to £20,000 for the 2005 awards.<ref name="University boosts James Tait Black Prize">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/051125prize.html
|publisher=University of Edinburgh
|title=University boosts James Tait Black Prizes
|date=November 28, 2005

}}</ref> This increase made the two annual prizes, one for [[fiction]] and the other for [[biography]], the largest literary prizes on offer in Scotland.<ref name="Ali Smith hits the shortlists again">{{

cite news
|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,1765877,00.html
|publisher=The Guardian
|title=Ali Smith hits the shortlists again
|date=May 2, 2006
| location=London
| first=Michelle
| last=Pauli
| accessdate=May 5, 2010
}}</ref> The University is advised in relation to the development and administration of the Prize by a small committee which includes [[Ian Rankin]], [[Alexander McCall Smith]] and [[James Naughtie]] amongst its members. In August 2007 the prize ceremony was held at the [[Edinburgh International Book Festival]] for the first time.<ref name="James Tait Black Memorial Prize Ceremony">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/ceremony.html
|publisher=The University of Edinburgh
|title=James Tait Black Memorial Prize Ceremony
|date=June 8, 2007

}}</ref>

==Eligibility==
Only those works of fiction and biographies written in English and first published in Britain in the 12 month period prior to the submission date are eligible for the award. Both prizes may go to the same author, but neither prize can be awarded to the same author on more than one occasion.

==List of recipients==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"

! Year || Fiction Award || Year || Biography Award
|-
| 1919 || [[Hugh Walpole]], ''The Secret City'' || 1919 || [[Henry Festing Jones]], ''Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835-1902) - A Memoir'' ([[Samuel Butler (1835-1902)|Samuel Butler]]) 
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1920 || [[D. H. Lawrence]], ''[[The Lost Girl]]'' || 1920 || [[G. M. Trevelyan]], ''Lord Grey of the Reform Bill'' ([[Earl Grey]])
|-
| 1921 || [[Walter de la Mare]], ''Memoirs of a Midget'' || 1921 || [[Lytton Strachey]], ''Queen Victoria'' ([[Queen Victoria]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1922 || [[David Garnett]], ''[[Lady into Fox]]'' || 1922 || [[Percy Lubbock]], ''Earlham''
|-
| 1923 || [[Arnold Bennett]], ''[[Riceyman Steps]]'' || 1923 || [[Ronald Ross]], ''Memoirs, Etc.'' (autobiography)
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1924 || [[E. M. Forster]], ''[[A Passage to India]]'' || 1924 || William Wilson, ''The House of Airlie'' (The [[Earl of Airlie|Earls of Airlie]])
|-
| 1925 || [[Liam O'Flaherty]], ''[[The Informer (novel)|The Informer]]'' || 1925 || [[Geoffrey Scott (architectural historian)|Geoffrey Scott]], ''The Portrait of Zelide'' ([[Isabelle de Charrière]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1926 || [[Radclyffe Hall]], ''Adam's Breed'' || 1926 || [[Herbert Brook Workman|Reverend Dr H. B. Workman]], ''John Wyclif: A Study of the English Medieval Church'' ([[John Wyclif]])
|-
| 1927 || [[Francis Brett Young]], ''Portrait of Clare'' || 1927 || [[H. A. L. Fisher]], ''James Bryce, Viscount Bryce of Dechmont, O.M.'' ([[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1928 || [[Siegfried Sassoon]], ''[[Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man]]'' || 1928 || [[John Buchan]], ''Montrose'' ([[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|James Graham]])<ref>Scholarly revision of Buchan's earlier "The Marquis of Montrose" (1913)</ref>
|-
| 1929 || [[J. B. Priestley]], ''[[The Good Companions]]'' || 1929 || [[Lord David Cecil]], ''The Stricken Deer: or The Life of Cowper'' ([[William Cowper]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1930 || [[E. H. Young]], ''Miss Mole'' || 1930 || [[Francis Yeats-Brown]], ''Lives of a Bengal Lancer'' (autobiography)
|-
| 1931 || [[Kate O'Brien]], ''Without My Cloak'' || 1931 || [[J. Y. T. Greig]], ''David Hume'' ([[David Hume]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1932 || [[Helen de Guerry Simpson]], ''Boomerang''|| 1932 || [[Stephen Gwynn]], ''The Life of Mary Kingsley'' ([[Mary Kingsley]])
|-
| 1933 || [[A. G. Macdonell]], ''[[England, Their England]]'' || 1933 || [[Violet Clifton]], ''The Book of Talbot'' ([[John Talbot Clifton]])<ref>Biography of the explorer John Talbot Clifton (1868-1928), father of Harry Clifton (Henry Talbot de Vere Clifton, dedicatee of W.B. Yeats' poem ''Lapis Lazuli'')</ref>
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1934 || [[Robert Graves]], ''[[I, Claudius]]'' and ''Claudius the God'' || 1934 || [[J. E. Neale]], ''Queen Elizabeth'' ([[Elizabeth I of England]])
|-
| 1935 || [[L. H. Myers]], ''The Root and the Flower'' || 1935 || [[Raymond Wilson Chambers]], ''Thomas More'' ([[Thomas More]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1936 || [[Winifred Holtby]], ''[[South Riding (novel)|South Riding]]'' || 1936 || [[Edward Sackville West]], ''A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of Thomas de Quincey'' ([[Thomas de Quincey]])
|-
| 1937 || [[Neil M. Gunn]], ''Highland River'' || 1937 || [[Lord Eustace Percy]], ''John Knox'' ([[John Knox]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1938 || [[C. S. Forester]], ''[[A Ship of the Line]]'' and ''[[Flying Colours (novel)|Flying Colours]]'' || 1938 || Sir [[Edmund Chambers]], ''Samuel Taylor Coleridge'' ([[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]])
|-
| 1939 || [[Aldous Huxley]], ''[[After Many a Summer|After Many a Summer Dies the Swan]]'' || 1939 || [[David C. Douglas]], ''English Scholars''<ref>Includes studies of antiquaries including [[Elias Ashmole]], [[William Dugdale]], [[Thomas Hearne (antiquarian)|Thomas Hearne]], [[George Hickes]], [[Thomas Madox]], [[John Nalson]], [[Edward Thwaites]] and [[Humfrey Wanley]]</ref>
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1940 || [[Charles Langbridge Morgan|Charles Morgan]], ''The Voyage'' || 1940 || [[Hilda F. M. Prescott]], ''Spanish Tudor: Mary I of England'' ([[Mary I of England]])
|-
| 1941 || [[Joyce Cary]], ''A House of Children'' || 1941 || John Gore, ''King George V'' ([[George V]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1942 || [[Arthur Waley]], Translation of ''[[Monkey (book)|Monkey]]'' by [[Wu Cheng'en]] || 1942 || [[Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede]], ''Henry Ponsonby: Queen Victoria's Private Secretary'' ([[Henry Ponsonby]])
|-
| 1943 || [[Mary Lavin]], ''Tales from Bective Bridge'' || 1943 || [[G. G. Coulton]], ''Fourscore Years'' (autobiography)
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1944 || [[Forrest Reid]], ''Young Tom'' || 1944 || [[C. V. Wedgwood]], ''William the Silent'' ([[William the Silent]])
|-
| 1945 || [[Leonard Strong|L. A. G. Strong]], ''Travellers'' || 1945 || [[D. S. MacColl]], ''Philip Wilson Steer'' ([[Philip Wilson Steer]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1946 || [[Oliver Onions]], ''Poor Man's Tapestry'' || 1946 || [[Richard Aldington]], ''A Life of Wellington: The Duke'' ([[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]])
|-
| 1947 || [[L. P. Hartley]], ''Eustace and Hilda'' || 1947 || [[Rev. C. C. E. Raven]], ''English Naturalists from Neckam to Ray'' ([[Alexander Neckam]] and [[John Ray]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1948 || [[Graham Greene]], ''[[The Heart of the Matter]]'' || 1948 || [[Percy A. Scholes]], ''The Great Dr. Burney'' ([[Charles Burney]])
|-
| 1949 || [[Emma Smith (author)|Emma Smith]], ''The Far Cry'' || 1949 || [[John Connell]], ''W. E. Henley'' ([[W. E. Henley]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1950 || [[Robert Henriques]], ''Through the Valley'' || 1950 || [[Cecil Woodham-Smith]], ''Florence Nightingale'' ([[Florence Nightingale]])
|-
| 1951 || [[Chapman Mortimer]], ''Father Goose'' || 1951 || [[Noel Annan]], ''Leslie Stephen'' ([[Leslie Stephen]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1952 || [[Evelyn Waugh]], ''[[Sword of Honour|Men at Arms]]'' || 1952 || [[G. M. Young]], ''Stanley Baldwin'' ([[Stanley Baldwin]])
|-
| 1953 || [[Margaret Kennedy]], ''Troy Chimneys'' || 1953 || [[Carola Oman]], ''Sir John Moore'' ([[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1954 || [[C. P. Snow]], ''The New Men'' and ''The Masters'' || 1954 || [[Keith Feiling]], ''Warren Hastings'' ([[Warren Hastings]])
|-
| 1955 || [[Ivy Compton-Burnett]], ''Mother and Son'' || 1955 || [[R. W. Ketton-Cremer]], ''Thomas Gray'' ([[Thomas Gray]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1956 || [[Rose Macaulay]], ''[[The Towers of Trebizond]]'' || 1956 || [[St John Greer Ervine]], ''George Bernard Shaw'' ([[George Bernard Shaw]])
|-
| 1957 || [[Anthony Powell]], ''[[At Lady Molly's]]'' || 1957 || [[Maurice Cranston]], ''Life of John Locke'' ([[John Locke]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1958 || [[Angus Wilson]], ''[[The Middle Age of Mrs. Eliot]]'' || 1958 || [[Joyce Hemlow]], ''The History of Fanny Burney'' ([[Fanny Burney]])
|-
| 1959 || [[Morris West]], ''[[The Devil's Advocate (novel)|The Devil's Advocate]]'' || 1959 || [[Christopher Hassall]], ''Edward Marsh'' ([[Edward Marsh (polymath)|Edward Marsh]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1960 || [[Rex Warner]], ''Imperial Caesar'' || 1960 || Canon [[Adam Fox]], ''The Life of Dean Inge'' ([[Dean Inge]])
|-
| 1961 || [[Jennifer Dawson]], ''The Ha-Ha'' || 1961 || [[M. K. Ashby]], ''Joseph Ashby of Tysoe'' ([[Joseph Ashby]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1962 || [[Ronald Hardy]], ''Act of Destruction'' || 1962 || [[Meriol Trevor]], ''Newman: The Pillar and the Cloud'' and ''Newman: Light in Winter'' ([[John Henry Newman]])
|-
| 1963 || [[Gerda Charles]], ''A Slanting Light'' || 1963 || [[Georgina Battiscombe]], ''John Keble: A Study in Limitations'' ([[John Keble]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1964 || [[Frank Tuohy]], ''The Ice Saints'' || 1964 || [[Elizabeth Longford]], ''Victoria R.I.'' ([[Queen Victoria]])
|-
| 1965 || [[Muriel Spark]], ''[[The Mandelbaum Gate]]'' || 1965 || [[Mary Moorman]], ''William Wordsworth: The Later Years 1803-1850'' ([[William Wordsworth]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1966 || [[Christine Brooke-Rose]], ''Such'', and [[Aidan Higgins]], ''Langrishe, Go Down'' || 1966 || [[Geoffrey Keynes]], ''The Life of William Harvey'' ([[William Harvey]])
|-
| 1967 || [[Margaret Drabble]], ''Jerusalem The Golden'' || 1967 || [[Winifred Gérin]], ''Charlotte Brontë: The Evolution of Genius'' ([[Charlotte Brontë]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1968 || [[Maggie Ross]], ''The Gasteropod'' || 1968 || [[Gordon Haight]], ''George Eliot'' ([[George Eliot]])
|-
| 1969 || [[Elizabeth Bowen]], ''[[Eva Trout (novel)|Eva Trout]]'' || 1969 || [[Antonia Fraser]], ''Mary, Queen of Scots'' ([[Mary, Queen of Scots]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1970 || [[Lily Powell]], ''The Bird of Paradise'' || 1970 || [[Jasper Ridley]], ''Lord Palmerston'' ([[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston]])
|-
| 1971 || [[Nadine Gordimer]], ''A Guest of Honour'' || 1971 || [[Julia Namier]], ''Lewis Namier'' ([[Lewis Namier]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1972 || [[John Berger]], ''[[G. (novel)|G]]'' || 1972 || [[Quentin Bell]], ''Virginia Woolf'' ([[Virginia Woolf]])
|-
| 1973 || [[Iris Murdoch]], ''[[The Black Prince (novel)|The Black Prince]]'' || 1973 || [[Robin Lane Fox]], ''Alexander the Great'' ([[Alexander the Great]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1974 || [[Lawrence Durrell]], ''[[Monsieur (novel)|Monsieur: or, The Prince of Darkness]]'' || 1974 || [[John Wain]], ''Samuel Johnson'' ([[Samuel Johnson]])
|-
| 1975 || [[Brian Moore (novelist)|Brian Moore]], ''The Great Victorian Collection'' || 1975 || [[Karl Miller]], ''Cockburn's Millennium'' ([[Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn|Henry Cockburn]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1976 || [[John Banville]], ''Doctor Copernicus'' || 1976 || [[Ronald Hingley]], ''A New Life of Chekhov'' ([[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]])
|-
| 1977 || [[John le Carré]], ''[[The Honourable Schoolboy]]'' || 1977 || [[George Painter]], ''Chateaubriand: Volume 1 - The Longed-For Tempests'' ([[François-René de Chateaubriand]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1978 || [[Maurice Gee]], ''Plumb'' || 1978 || [[Robert Gittings]], ''The Older Hardy'' ([[Thomas Hardy]])
|-
| 1979 || [[William Golding]], ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' || 1979 || [[Brian Finney]], ''Christopher Isherwood: A Critical Biography'' ([[Christopher Isherwood]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1980 || [[J. M. Coetzee]], ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' || 1980 || [[Robert B. Martin]], ''Tennyson: The Unquiet Heart'' ([[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Alfred Tennyson]])
|-
| 1981 || [[Salman Rushdie]], ''[[Midnight's Children]]'', and [[Paul Theroux]], ''[[The Mosquito Coast]]'' || 1981 || [[Victoria Glendinning]], ''Edith Sitwell: Unicorn Among Lions'' ([[Edith Sitwell]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1982 || [[Bruce Chatwin]], ''[[On The Black Hill]]'' || 1982 || [[Richard Ellmann]], ''James Joyce'' ([[James Joyce]])
|-
| 1983 || [[Jonathan Keates]], ''Allegro Postillions'' || 1983 || [[Alan Walker (writer on music)|Alan Walker]], ''Franz Liszt: The Virtuoso Years'' ([[Franz Liszt]])
|-bgcolor="silver"
| 1984 || [[J. G. Ballard]], ''[[Empire of the Sun]]'', and [[Angela Carter]], ''[[Nights at the Circus]]'' || 1984 || [[Lyndall Gordon]], ''Virginia Woolf: A Writer's Life'' ([[Virginia Woolf]])
|-
| 1985 || [[Robert Edric]], ''Winter Garden'' || 1985 || [[David Nokes]], ''Jonathan Swift: A Hypocrite Reversed'' ([[Jonathan Swift]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1986 || [[Jenny Joseph]], ''Persephone'' || 1986 || Dame [[Felicitas Corrigan]], ''Helen Waddell'' ([[Helen Waddell]])
|-
| 1987 || [[George Mackay Brown]], ''The Golden Bird: Two Orkney Stories'' || 1987 || [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]], ''Victor Gollancz: A Biography'' ([[Victor Gollancz]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1988 || [[Piers Paul Read]], ''A Season in the West'' || 1988 || [[Brian McGuinness]], ''Wittgenstein, A Life: Young Ludwig (1889-1921)'' ([[Ludwig Wittgenstein]])
|-
| 1989 || [[James Kelman]], ''[[A Disaffection]]'' || 1989 || [[Ian Gibson (author)|Ian Gibson]], ''Federico García Lorca: A Life'' ([[Federico García Lorca]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1990 || [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]], ''[[Brazzaville Beach]]'' || 1990 || [[Claire Tomalin]], ''The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens'' ([[Ellen Ternan]] and [[Charles Dickens]])
|-
| 1991 || [[Iain Sinclair]], ''Downriver'' || 1991 || [[Adrian Desmond]] and [[James Moore (biographer)|James Moore]], ''Darwin'' ([[Charles Darwin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1992 || [[Rose Tremain]], ''[[Sacred Country]]'' || 1992 || [[Charles Nicholl (author)|Charles Nicholl]], ''The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe'' ([[Christopher Marlowe]])
|-
| 1993 || [[Caryl Phillips]], ''[[Crossing the River]]'' || 1993 || [[Richard Holmes (biographer)|Richard Holmes]], ''Dr Johnson and Mr Savage'' ([[Samuel Johnson]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1994 || [[Alan Hollinghurst]], ''[[The Folding Star]]'' || 1994 || [[Doris Lessing]], ''[[Under My Skin (book)|Under My Skin]]''
|-
| 1995 || [[Christopher Priest (English novelist)|Christopher Priest]], ''[[The Prestige]]'' || 1995 || [[Gitta Sereny]], ''Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth'' ([[Albert Speer]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1996 || [[Graham Swift]], ''[[Last Orders]]'', and [[Alice Thompson]], ''Justine'' || 1996 || [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]], ''Thomas Cranmer: A Life'' ([[Thomas Cranmer]])
|-
| 1997 || [[Andrew Miller (novelist)|Andrew Miller]], ''[[Ingenious Pain]]'' || 1997 || [[R. F. Foster (historian)|R. F. Foster]], ''W. B. Yeats: A Life, Volume 1 - The Apprentice Mage 1965-1914'' ([[William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1998 || [[Beryl Bainbridge]], ''[[Master Georgie]]'' || 1998 || [[Peter Ackroyd]], ''The Life of Thomas More'' ([[Thomas More]])
|-
| 1999 || [[Timothy Mo]], ''Renegade, or Halo2'' || 1999 || [[Kathryn Hughes]], ''George Eliot: The Last Victorian'' ([[George Eliot]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2000 || [[Zadie Smith]], ''[[White Teeth]]'' || 2000 || [[Martin Amis]], ''Experience''
|-
| 2001 || [[Sid Smith (writer)|Sid Smith]], ''Something Like a House'' || 2001 || [[Robert Skidelsky]], ''John Maynard Keynes: Volume 3 - Fighting for Britain 1937-1946'' ([[John Maynard Keynes]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2002 || [[Jonathan Franzen]], ''[[The Corrections]]'' || 2002 || [[Jenny Uglow]], ''The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made the Future 1730-1810'' ([[Lunar Society of Birmingham]])
|-
| 2003 || [[Andrew O'Hagan]], ''Personality'' || 2003 || [[Janet Browne]], ''Charles Darwin: Volume 2 - The Power of Place'' ([[Charles Darwin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2004 || [[David Peace]], ''GB84'' || 2004 || [[Jonathan Bate]], ''John Clare: A Biography'' ([[John Clare]])
|-
| 2005 || [[Ian McEwan]], ''[[Saturday (novel)|Saturday]]'' || 2005 || [[Sue Prideaux]], ''Edvard Munch: Behind the Scream'' ([[Edvard Munch]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2006 || [[Cormac McCarthy]], ''[[The Road (novel)|The Road]]'' || 2006 || [[Byron Rogers (author)|Byron Rogers]], ''The Man Who Went Into the West: The Life of R. S. Thomas'' ([[R. S. Thomas]])
|-
| 2007 || [[Rosalind Belben]], ''Our Horses in Egypt'' || 2007 || [[Rosemary Hill]], ''God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain'' ([[Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin|Augustus Pugin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2008 || [[Sebastian Barry]], ''[[The Secret Scripture]]'' || 2008 || [[Michael Holroyd]], ''A Strange Eventful History'' (The families of [[Ellen Terry]] and [[Henry Irving]])
|-
| 2009 || [[A. S. Byatt]], ''[[The Children's Book]]'' || 2009 || [[John Carey (critic)|John Carey]], ''William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies'' ([[William Golding]])
|-
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2010 || [[Tatjana Soli]], ''[[The Lotus Eaters (novel)|The Lotus Eaters]]'' || 2010 || [[Hilary Spurling]], ''Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China'' ([[Pearl Buck]])<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/uk/Dazzling-tale-of-Ms-Saigon.6821899.jp
|publisher=The Scotsman
|title=Dazzling tale of Ms Saigon takes top award
|date=August 20, 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || [[Padgett Powell]], ''You and I'' || 2011 || [[Fiona MacCarthy]], ''The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination'' ([[Edward Burne-Jones]])
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/tait-black James Tait Black Prizes homepage, University of Edinburgh]
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/200708_25_JTBAward.wvx Windows Media Video report of the 2007 James Tait Black Prize ceremony]
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/ James Tait Black Prizes homepage, University of Edinburgh]
* [http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2008/10/booker-prize-british-literary New Statesman article on the James Tait Black and Booker prizes]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/arts/openbook/openbook_20060430.shtml James Tait Black feature on the BBC Radio 4's 'Open Book' (includes audio link)]

[[Category:1919 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1919]]
[[Category:Biography awards]]
[[Category:Fiction awards]]
[[Category:Scottish literary awards]]
[[Category:University of Edinburgh]]

[[de:James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]
[[fr:Prix James Tait Black Memorial]]
[[ko:제임스 테이트 블랙 기념상]]
[[it:James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]
[[ja:ジェイムズ・テイト・ブラック記念賞]]
[[zh:詹姆斯·泰特·布莱克纪念奖]]

Jonathan Franzen

2012-10-09T22:44:16Z

86.40.98.173: spaces

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Jonathan Franzen
| image = Jonathan Franzen 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG
| imagesize =
| caption = Franzen at the 2011 [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] gala
| birth_name = Jonathan Earl Franzen
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|8|17|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Western Springs, Illinois|Western Springs]], [[Illinois]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Novelist, essayist
| nationality = American
| period = 1988–present
| genre = [[Literary fiction]]
| subject =
| movement = [[Hysterical realism]]<ref>{{cite news|first=James|last=Wood|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2001/oct/06/fiction|title=Tell Me How Does It Feel?|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2001-10-06}}</ref>
| debut_works = ''[[The Twenty-Seventh City]]'' (1988)
| notableworks = ''[[The Corrections]]'' (2001), ''[[Freedom (novel)|Freedom]]'' (2010)
| awards = {{awd|[[National Book Award]]|2001}} {{awd|[[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]|2002}}
| influences = [[Philip Roth]], [[Thomas Pynchon]], [[Don DeLillo]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Marcel Proust]]<ref>Interview in ''[[The Paris Review]]'', Winter 2010.</ref> [[William Shakespeare]], [[Henrik Ibsen]], [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigthink.com/jonathanfranzen#!video_idea_id=1574|title=Jonathan Franzen|work=Big Think}}</ref>
| influenced =
| signature =
| website = http://www.jonathanfranzen.com/
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jonathan Earl Franzen''' (born August 17, 1959) is an American [[novel]]ist and [[essay]]ist. His 2001 novel, ''[[The Corrections]]'', a sprawling, satirical family drama, drew widespread critical acclaim, earned Franzen a [[National Book Award]], was a [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]] finalist, a [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] and a shortlisting for the [[International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award]]. His most recent novel, ''[[Freedom (novel)|Freedom]]'' (2010), coincided with a much debated appearance on the cover of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] alongside the headline "[[Great American Novel]]ist".<ref name="macm">{{cite web|url=http://us.macmillan.com/Freedom-1|title=Freedom: A Novel|publisher=Macmillan|accessdate=2010-09-10}}</ref><ref name=millions_time_franzen_cover/>

Franzen writes for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine. His 1996 ''[[Harper's]]'' essay ''[[Why Bother? (essay)|Perchance to Dream]]'' bemoaned the state of contemporary literature. 2001's selection of ''The Corrections'' for [[Oprah's Book Club|Oprah Winfrey's book club]] led to a much publicized feud with the talk show host. In recent years, Franzen has become recognized for his purveyance of opinions on everything from social networking services such as [[Twitter]] ("the ultimate irresponsible medium") and the proliferation of [[e-book]]s ("just not permanent enough") to the disintegration of Europe ("The people making the decisions in Europe are bankers. The [[Technocracy|technicians of finance]] are making the decisions there. It has very little to do with democracy or the will of the people.") and the self-destruction of America ("almost a [[rogue state]]").<ref>{{cite news|first=Alison|last=Flood|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/mar/07/jonathan-franzen-calls-twitter-irresponsible|title=Jonathan Franzen: 'Twitter is the ultimate irresponsible medium'|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2012-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Alison|last=Flood|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jan/30/jonathan-franzen-ebooks-values|title=Jonathan Franzen warns ebooks are corroding values|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2012-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Sarfraz|last1=Manzoor|first2=Alex|last2=Healey|first3=Michael|last3=Tait|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/video/2010/oct/25/jonathan-franzen-freedom|title=Jonathan Franzen: 'America is almost a rogue state'|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2010-10-25}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Franzen was born in [[Western Springs, Illinois]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://contemporarylit.about.com/cs/authors/p/franzen.htm|title=Jonathan Franzen Biography - Bio of Jonathan Franzen|work=Contemporary Literature}}</ref> the son of Irene (née Super) and Earl T. Franzen.<ref>{{cite news|first=Michele|last=Matassa Flores|url=http://crosscut.com/2010/09/15/books/20161/A-sweaty-palmed-night-with-Jonathan-Franzen/|title=A sweaty-palmed night with Jonathan Franzen|work=[[Crosscut.com]]|date=September 15, 2010|accessdate=August 20, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/books/102110194.html?page=2&c=y|title=Jonathan Franzen's struggle for 'Freedom'|work=Star Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Stephen J.|last=Burn|url=http://www.gale.cengage.com/pdf/samples/SP_9781414438924.pdf|title=JONATHAN FRANZEN (1959—)|work=cengage.com}}</ref> His father, raised in Minnesota, was of Swedish descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=J56Y4kMY-44C&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=IRENE+EARL+FRANZEN&source=bl&ots=glscQExIt1&sig=Hzhks0hmS0t1kHVR3xz9f7NiKyo&hl=en|title=IRENE EARL FRANZEN|work=Google Books}}</ref> Franzen grew up in [[Webster Groves, Missouri|Webster Groves]], a suburb of [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], and graduated from [[Swarthmore College]] with a degree in German in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swarthmore.edu/x30498.xml|title=Jonathan Franzen '81 First Living American Novelist on Time Cover in Decade|work=Swarthmore|accessdate=2 October 2010}}</ref> As part of his undergraduate education, he studied abroad in Germany during the 1979-80 academic year with [[Wayne State University]]'s [[Junior Year in Munich]] program. Here he met [[Michael A. Martone]], on whom the character Walter Berglund would one day be based.<ref>Ferguson, Mark. "75 Years of the Junior Year in Munich." ''Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching of German'' 40.2 (Fall 2007): 124-132; p.132.</ref> He also studied on a [[Fulbright Scholarship]] at [[Freie Universität Berlin]] in [[Berlin]] in 1981-82.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pen.org/author.php/prmAID/54|title=Jonathan Franzen|work=PEN American Center}}</ref> From these experiences, he speaks fluent [[German language|German]]. Upon graduation Franzen got married and moved with his wife to Boston to pursue a career as a novelist. When this plan fell through, they moved to New York, in 1987, where Franzen managed to sell his first novel, ''The Twenty-Seventh City''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Nina|last=Willdorf|url=http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/other_stories/multi-page/documents/01997111.htm|title=An author's story: How literary It Boy Jonathan Franzen spun himself into a tornado of controversy|work=The Phoenix}}</ref>

==Early novels==
''[[The Twenty-Seventh City]]'', published in 1988, is set in Franzen's hometown, St. Louis, and deals with the city's fall from grace, St. Louis having been the "fourth city" in the 1870s. This sprawling novel was warmly received and established Franzen as an author to watch.<ref>[http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1992/01/20/terra-not-so-firma.html Laura Shapiro, "Terra Not So Firma," Newsweek, January 20, 1992.] (Shapiro: "A huge and masterly drama of St. Louis under siege, gripping and surreal and overwhelmingly convincing." Shapiro also noted The Twenty-Seventh City's "brilliance," and the author's "prodigious gifts," concluding, "The news that he is at work on a third [novel] is welcome indeed."]</ref> In a conversation with novelist [[Donald Antrim]] for ''[[Bomb (magazine)|BOMB Magazine]]'', Franzen described ''The Twenty-Seventh City'' as "a conversation with the literary figures of my parents' generation[,] the great sixties and seventies Postmoderns."<ref>Antrim, Donald. [http://bombsite.com/issues/77/articles/2437 "Jonathan Franzen"]. ''[[Bomb (magazine)|BOMB Magazine]]''. Fall 2001. Retrieved 27 July 2011.</ref>

''[[Strong Motion]]'' (1992) focuses on a [[dysfunctional family]], the Hollands, and uses [[Seismology|seismic]] events on the American East Coast as a metaphor for the quakes that occur in family life.

==''The Corrections''==
{{main|The Corrections}}
Franzen's ''The Corrections'', a novel of social criticism, garnered considerable critical acclaim in the United States, winning both the 2001 [[National Book Award for Fiction]]<ref name=nba2001>
[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba2001.html "National Book Awards – 2001"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-27.(With acceptance speech by Franzen and essays by Mary Jo Bang, David Ulin, and Lee Taylor Gaffigan from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>
and the 2002 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for fiction.<ref name="bookprizeinfo1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookprizeinfo.com/showbook.php?book=225 |title=Book Prize Information – The Corrections |publisher=Bookprizeinfo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> The novel was also a finalist for the 2001 National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction,<ref name="bookprizeinfo1"/> the 2002 [[PEN/Faulkner Award]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.penfaulkner.org/award_for_fiction_previous.php |title=PEN / Faulkner Foundation Award For Fiction Previous |publisher=Penfaulkner.org |date= |accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> and the 2002 [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]] (won by Richard Russo for ''[[Empire Falls]]'').<ref name=pulitzer>[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Fiction "Fiction"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-27.</ref>

In September 2001, ''The Corrections'' was selected for Oprah Winfrey's book club. Franzen initially participated in the selection, sitting down for a lengthy interview with Oprah and appearing in [[B-roll]] footage in his hometown of St. Louis (described in an essay in ''How To Be Alone'' titled "Meet Me In St. Louis"). In October 2001, however, ''[[The Oregonian]]'' printed an article in which Franzen expressed unease with the selection. In an interview on National Public Radio's ''[[Fresh Air]]'', he expressed his worry that the Oprah logo on the cover dissuaded men from reading the book:

{{quote|So much of reading is sustained in this country, I think, by the fact that women read while men are off golfing or watching football on TV or playing with their flight simulator or whatever. I worry — I'm sorry that it's, uh — I had some hope of actually reaching a male audience and I've heard more than one reader in signing lines now at bookstores say "If I hadn't heard you, I would have been put off by the fact that it is an Oprah pick. I figure those books are for women. I would never touch it." Those are male readers speaking. I see this as my book, my creation.<ref>{{cite news|first=Terry|last=Gross|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1131456|title=Novelist Jonathan Franzen|work=Fresh Air|publisher=NPR|date=October 15, 2001}}</ref>}}
Soon afterward, Franzen's invitation to appear on Oprah's show was rescinded. Winfrey announced, "Jonathan Franzen will not be on the Oprah Winfrey show because he is seemingly uncomfortable and conflicted about being chosen as a book club selection. It is never my intention to make anyone uncomfortable or cause anyone conflict. We have decided to skip the dinner and we're moving on to the next book."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobylives.com/Oprah_v_Franzen.html|title=You go, girl… and she went|work=[[The Age]]|date=2006-01-21|accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oprah.com/obc/pastbooks/jonathan_franzen/obc_user_communication.jhtml|title=Oprah's Book Club user communication, October 22, 2001}}</ref>

These events gained Franzen and his novel widespread media attention. ''The Corrections'' soon became one of the decade's best-selling works of literary fiction. At the National Book Award ceremony, Franzen said "I'd also like to thank Oprah Winfrey for her enthusiasm and advocacy on behalf of ''The Corrections''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalbook.org/nbaacceptspeech_jfranzen.html|title=National Book Awards Acceptance Speeches: Jonathan Franzen|work=[[National Book Foundation]]|year=2001|accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref>

Following the success of ''The Corrections'' and the publication of ''[[The Discomfort Zone]]'' and ''[[How to Be Alone]]'', Franzen began work on his next novel. In the interim, he published two short stories in ''[[The New Yorker]]'': "Breakup Stories", published November 8, 2004, concerned the disintegration of four relationships; and "Two's Company", published May 23, 2005, concerned a couple who write for TV, then split up.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/jonathan_franzen/search?contributorName=jonathan%20franzen&page=1&sort=publishDateSort%20desc,%20score%20desc&queryType=parsed|title=jonathan franzen: Contributors|work=The New Yorker|date=|accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref>

In 2011, it was announced that Franzen would write a multi-part television adaptation of ''The Corrections'' in collaboration with ''The Squid and The Whale'' director Noah Baumbach for HBO.<ref>{{cite news|first=Sean|last=O'Neal|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/noah-baumbach-developing-jonathan-franzens-the-cor,61383/|title=Noah Baumbach developing Jonathan Franzen's The Corrections as HBO series|work=A. V. Club|date=September 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Lacey|last=Rose|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/noah-baumbach-take-jonathan-franzens-230893|title=Noah Baumbach to Take on Jonathan Franzen's 'The Corrections' for HBO|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2011-09-02}}</ref> HBO since then had passed on "Corrections", citing "difficulty" in "adapting the book’s challenging narrative, which moves through time and cuts forwards and back": that would be "difficult to sustain in a series and challenging for viewers to follow, hampering the potential show’s accessibility".<ref>{{cite news|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/hbo-pilot-the-corrections-not-going-forward//|title=HBO Drama Pilot ‘The Corrections’ Not Going Forward|work=Deadline|date=May 1, 2012}}</ref>

==''Freedom''==
{{main|Freedom (novel)}}
[[File:Jonathan Franzen at the Brooklyn Book Festival.jpg|thumb|Franzen at the 2008 [[Brooklyn Book Festival]]]]
On June 8, 2009, Franzen published an extract from ''Freedom'', his novel in progress, in ''The New Yorker''. The extract, titled "Good Neighbors", concerned the trials and tribulations of a couple in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]]. On May 31, 2010, a second extract — titled "Agreeable" — was published, also in ''The New Yorker''.<ref name="Agreeable">{{citation|url=http://www.newyorker.com/fiction/features/2010/05/31/100531fi_fiction_franzen|publisher=The New Yorker|date=2010-05-31}}</ref>

On October 16, 2009, Franzen made an appearance alongside David Bezmozgis at the ''New Yorker Festival'' at the Cedar Lake Theatre, reading a portion of his forthcoming novel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/festival/schedule/index/friday#bezmozgis|title=Festival |work=The New Yorker|date=2009-01-07|accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref><ref name="northbynorthwestern1">{{cite news|url=http://www.northbynorthwestern.com/2009/11/55140/the-franzen-interface/|title=The Franzen Interface|work=North by Northwestern |date=|accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> Sam Allard, writing for North By Northwestern about the event, said that the "…material from his new (reportedly massive) novel" was "as buoyant and compelling as ever" and "marked by his familiar undercurrent of tragedy". Franzen read "an extended clip from the second chapter."<ref name="northbynorthwestern1"/>

On September 9, 2010, Franzen appeared on ''[[Fresh Air]]'' to discuss ''Freedom'' in the wake of its release. Franzen has drawn what he describes as a "feminist critique" for the attention that male authors receive over female authors—a critique he supports. Franzen also discussed his friendship with [[David Foster Wallace]] and the impact of Wallace's suicide on his writing process.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129747555|title=Franzen On The Book, The Backlash, His Background|work=Fresh Air|publisher=NPR|date=2010-09-09|accessdate=2010-09-10}}</ref>

''Freedom'' was the subject of a highly unusual "recall" in the United Kingdom starting in early October 2010. An earlier draft of the manuscript, to which Franzen had made over 200 changes, had been published by mistake. The publisher, HarperCollins initiated an exchange program, but thousands of books had been distributed by that time.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Alison|last1=Flood|first2=Rowenna|last2=Davis|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/oct/01/jonathan-franzen-freedom-uk-recall|title=Jonathan Franzen's book Freedom suffers UK recall|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2010-10-01}}</ref>

While promoting the book, Franzen became the first American author to appear on the cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine since [[Stephen King]] did so in 2000. Franzen did so alongside the headline "Great American Novelist".<ref name=millions_time_franzen_cover>{{cite news|first=Craig|last=Fehrman|url=http://www.themillions.com/2010/08/the-franzen-cover-and-a-brief-history-of-time.html|title=The Franzen Cover and a Brief History of Time|work=The Millions|date=August 16, 2010}}</ref> He discussed the implications of the ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' coverage, and the reasoning behind the title of ''[[Freedom (Franzen novel)|Freedom]]'' in an interview in Manchester, England, in October 2010.<ref>{{cite news|first=Dave|last=Haslam|url=http://www.davehaslam.com/control.php?_command=/DISPLAY/170/47//6000&_path=/102/885 |title=Onstage interview with celebrated American novelist Jonathan Franzen|work=Dave Haslam, Author and DJ - Official Site|date=October 3, 2010}}</ref>

On September 17, 2010, Oprah Winfrey announced that Jonathan Franzen's ''Freedom'' would be an Oprah book club selection, the first of the last season of ''The Oprah Winfrey Show''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Carolyn|last=Kellogg|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/18/entertainment/la-et-0918-franzen-oprah-20100918|title=Oprah's book club christens Franzen's 'Freedom'|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 18, 2010}}</ref> On December 6, 2010, he appeared on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' to promote ''Freedom'' where they discussed that book and the controversy over his reservations about her picking ''The Corrections'' and what that would entail.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=12323137|title=Author Jonathan Franzen Appears on 'Oprah' Show|work=ABC News}}</ref>

==Other works==
In 1996, while still working on ''The Corrections'', Franzen published a literary manifesto in Harper's Magazine entitled ''[[Why Bother? (essay)|Perchance to Dream]]''. Referencing manifestos written by [http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/writing-american-fiction Philip Roth] and [[Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast|Tom Wolfe]], among others, Franzen grappled with the novelist's role in an advanced media culture which seemed to no longer need the novel. In the end, Franzen rejects the goal of writing a great social novel about issues and ideas, in favor of focusing on the internal lives of characters and their emotions. Given the huge success of ''The Corrections'', this essay offers a prescient look into Franzen's goals as both a literary and commercially-minded author.<ref>{{cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Franzen|url=http://www.harpers.org/archive/1996/04/0007955|title=Perchance to dream: In the age of images, a reason to write novels|work=Harper's|year=1996}}</ref>

Since ''The Corrections'' Franzen has published ''[[How to Be Alone]]'' (2002), a collection of essays including "Perchance To Dream", and ''[[The Discomfort Zone]]'' (2006), a memoir. ''How To Be Alone'' is essentially an apologia for reading, articulating Franzen's uncomfortable relationship with the place of fiction in contemporary society. It also probes the influence of his childhood and adolescence on his creative life, which is then further explored in ''The Discomfort Zone''.

In September 2007, Franzen's translation of [[Frank Wedekind]]'s play ''[[Spring Awakening (play)|Spring Awakening]]'' ({{lang-de|Frühlings Erwachen}}) was published. In his introduction, Franzen describes the [[Spring Awakening|Broadway musical version]] as "insipid" and "overpraised." In an interview with ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine, Franzen stated that he had in fact made the translation for Swarthmore College's theater department for $50 in 1986 and that it had sat in a drawer for 20 years since. After the Broadway show stirred up so much interest, Franzen said he was inspired to publish it because "I knew it was a good translation, better than anything else out there."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/arts/books/features/37214/|title=Q&A With 'Spring Awakening: A Play' Translator Jonathan Franzen|date=2007-09-10|accessdate=2009-01-21}}</ref>

Franzen published a social commentary on cell phones, sentimentality, and the decline of public space, ''I Just Called To Say I Love You'' (2008),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/communications/21173/?a=f|title=I Just Called to Say I Love You|date=September/October 2008, Technology Review|accessdate=2010-12-01}}</ref> in the September/October 2008 issue of "Technology Review", published by MIT.

In 2012 he published ''[[Farther Away (essays)|Farther Away]]'', a collection of essays dealing with such topics as his love of birds, his friendship with [[David Foster Wallace]], and his thoughts on technology.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lopate|first=Phillip|title=Manageable Discontents|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/20/books/review/farther-away-essays-by-jonathan-franzen.html?pagewanted=all|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=18 July 2012}}</ref>

==Philosophy==
[[File:Jonathan Franzen 2011 Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Franzen at the 2010 [[National Book Critics Circle]] awards]]
In a lecture on autobiography and fiction, Franzen discussed four perennial questions often addressed to him by others, all of which annoy him or bother him in some way. These are: (1) Who are your influences? (2) What time of day do you work, and what do you write on? (3) I read an interview with an author who says that, at a certain point in writing a novel, the characters "take over" and tell him what to do. Does this happen to you, too? (4) Is your fiction autobiographical? In the lecture he said of the third question in particular "This one always raises my blood pressure" and quoted [[Nabokov]] in response.<ref>{{cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Franzen|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/may/25/jonathan-franzen-the-path-to-freedom|title=Jonathan Franzen: the path to Freedom|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2012-05-25}}</ref>

In February 2010, Franzen (along with writers such as [[Richard Ford]], [[Zadie Smith]] and [[Anne Enright]]) was asked by ''[[The Guardian]]'' to contribute what he believed were ten serious rules to abide by for aspiring writers.<ref name=ten_rules_guardian>{{cite news|first1=Geoff|last1=Dyer|first2=David|last2=Hare|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/feb/20/ten-rules-for-writing-fiction-part-one|title=Ten rules for writing fiction|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2010-02-20|accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> Franzen's rules ran as follows:

<blockquote>
# The reader is a friend, not an adversary, not a spectator.
# Fiction that isn't an author's personal adventure into the frightening or the unknown isn't worth writing for anything but money.
# Never use the word "then" as a [[Conjunction (grammar)|conjunction]] – we have "and" for this purpose. Substituting "then" is the lazy or tone-deaf writer's non-solution to the problem of too many "ands" on the page.
# Write in the [[Third-person narrative|third person]] unless a really distinctive first-person voice offers itself irresistibly.
# When information becomes free and universally accessible, voluminous research for a novel is devalued along with it.
# The most purely autobiographical fiction requires pure invention. Nobody ever wrote a more autobiographical story than "[[The Metamorphosis]]".
# You see more sitting still than chasing after.
# It's doubtful that anyone with an internet connection at his workplace is writing good fiction [the ''TIME'' magazine cover story detailed how Franzen physically disables the Net portal on his writing laptop].
# Interesting verbs are seldom very interesting.
# You have to love before you can be relentless.<ref name=ten_rules_guardian/>
</blockquote>

==Personal life==
Franzen married Valerie Cornell in 1982; they separated in 1994 and are now divorced.<ref>{{cite news|first=Emily|last=Eakin|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/02/magazine/jonathan-franzen-s-big-book.html?pagewanted=all|title=Jonathan Franzen's Big Book|work=The New York Times|date=2001-09-02}}</ref> Franzen now lives part of the year on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[New York City]] and part in [[Boulder Creek, California]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/jonathan_franzen/search?contributorName=jonathan%20franzen|title=Jonathan Franzen|work=The New Yorker}}</ref>

In 2010, while on a visit to London, a literary event attended by Franzen was stormed. His spectacles were whisked from his face, a ransom note for $100,000 deposited and a police chase initiated through the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/130183-franzens-glasses-stolen-at-launch.html.rss?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter|title=Franzen's glasses stolen at launch|work=The Bookseller}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Claire|last=Armitstead|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/oct/05/who-stole-jonathan-franzens-glasses|title=Who stole Jonathan Franzen's glasses?|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2010-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2010-10/06/gq-books-jonathan-franzen-glasses-thief-interview?|title=Why I stole Franzen's glasses|work=GQ|date=2010-10-06}}</ref>

==Television appearances==
{{inc-tv}}
*Franzen made an appearance on ''[[Charlie Rose (talk show)|Charlie Rose]]'' in 1996 with fellow authors [[David Foster Wallace]] and [[Mark Leyner]] to discuss the effects of electronic media on the role of fiction in society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/6191|title=Charlie Rose|date=May 17, 1996}}</ref>
*Franzen guest starred alongside [[Michael Chabon]], [[Tom Wolfe]], and [[Gore Vidal]] in ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Moe'N'a Lisa]]", which first aired 19 November 2006. In the episode, he is depicted fighting over literary influences with his real-life friend Chabon.<ref>{{cite news|first=Steven|last=Barrie-Anthony|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/nov/30/entertainment/et-simpsons30/2|title=The call of 'D'oh!'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2005-11-30|accessdate=2010-09-10|quote=The script calls for Chabon and Franzen to brawl during a dispute about their literary influences, and standing next to each other in the recording room, the friends ready themselves for a fight. Franzen complains loudly that he has fewer lines than Chabon – "Only 38 words!" – to which Chabon responds, "I see there's a little counting going on in the Franzenian corner."}}</ref>
*Franzen appeared on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' on December 6, 2010, to discuss his latest novel ''Freedom'', Oprah's Book Club selection at the time.
*Franzen appeared on [[Real Time with Bill Maher]] on October 7, 2011, along with Richard Trumka, P.J. O'Rourke, Alan Grayson, and Nicolle Wallace.

==Awards and other recognition==
*1988 [[Whiting Writers' Award]]
*1996 [[Granta#Granta Best of Young American Novelists|Granta's Best Of Young American Novelists]]
*2001 [[National Book Award]] (Fiction) for ''[[The Corrections]]''<ref name=nba2001/>
*2001 [[The New York Times Book Review|New York Times]] Best Books of the Year
*2001 [[Salon Book Award]] (Fiction)
*2001 New York Times Best Books of the Year for ''[[The Corrections]]''
*2002 [[Pulitzer Prize]] finalist (Fiction)<ref name=pulitzer/>
*2002 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] winner (Fiction) for ''[[The Corrections]]''
*2002 [[PEN/Faulkner Award]] finalist
*2003 [[International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award]] ([[short list]])

In January 2011, ''[[The Observer]]'' named him as one of "20 activists, filmmakers, writers, politicians and celebrities who will be setting the global environmental agenda in the coming year".<ref>{{cite news|first=Lucy|last=Siegle|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jan/16/green-power-list-top-20|title=Green giants: the eco power list|work=The Observer|location=London|date=2011-01-16}}</ref>

The first international academic symposium soley dedicated to Franzen's work, "Jonathan Franzen: Identity and Crisis of the American Novel", is scheduled to take place at the University of Córdoba, Spain, 18–19 April 2013.<ref>http://call-for-papers.sas.upenn.edu/node/46135</ref>

==List of works==
;Novels
*1988 ''[[The Twenty-Seventh City]]''
*1992 ''[[Strong Motion]]''
*2001 ''[[The Corrections]]''
*2010 ''[[Freedom (novel)|Freedom]]''

;Non-fiction
*2002 ''[[How to Be Alone]]'' (essays)
*2006 ''[[The Discomfort Zone]]'' (memoir)
*2012 ''[[Farther Away (essays)|Farther Away]]'' (essays)

;Translated works
*2007 ''[[Spring Awakening (play)|Spring Awakening]]'' by [[Frank Wedekind]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Interviews==
* [http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6054/the-art-of-fiction-no-207-jonathan-franzen Paris Review, interview with Stephen Burn, Winter, 2010, with Photos]
* [http://www.bombsite.com/issues/77/articles/2437 An interview with [[Donald Antrim]]], ''[[Bomb Magazine]]'', Fall, 2001
* [http://www.salon.com/books/int/2001/09/07/franzen/index.html An interview with Laura Miller], [[Salon.com]], September 7, 2001
* [http://www.powells.com/authors/franzen.html An interview with Dave Weich], [[Powells.com]], October 4, 2001
* [http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/books/10/17/jonathan.franze/ An Interview with Todd Leopold], [[CNN]].com, October 18, 2001
* [http://www.signandsight.com/features/321.html An interview with Bernadette Conrad], ''[[Die Zeit]]'', August 4, 2005
* [http://www.bigthink.com/user/jonathan-franzen Answering Viewers' Questions], [[Big Think]], April 14, 2008
* [http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-08-30/jonathan-franzen-recommends-4-overlooked-books/ Jonathan Franzen Recommends 4 Overlooked Books], [[The Daily Beast]], August 30, 2010
* [http://www.avclub.com/articles/jonathan-franzen,44716/ An interview with Gregg LaGambina], ''[[The A.V. Club]]'', September 1, 2010
* [http://www.davehaslam.com/control.php?_command=/DISPLAY/170/47//6000&_path=/102/885 An interview with Dave Haslam], October 3, 2010
* [http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2010/10/interview-novel-freedom-write An Interview with J P O'Malley in The [[New Statesman]] Magazine], October 18, 2010
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/video/2010/oct/25/jonathan-franzen-freedom Jonathan Franzen talks to Sarfraz Manzoor about his new novel Freedom] [[The Guardian]] 25 October 2010
* [http://bombsite.com/issues/77/articles/2437 2001 ''BOMB Magazine'' interview of Jonathan Franzen by Donald Antrim]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jonathan Franzen}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.jonathanfranzen.com/ Jonathan Franzen] at MacMillan
* [http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/2010/1101100823_400.jpg ''TIME'' cover]
* [http://www.nationalbook.org/nbaacceptspeech_jfranzen.html Acceptance speech] following National Book Award win
* [http://www.granta.com/Magazine/82/Envy Essay by Franzen's girlfriend, Kathryn Chetkovich, about living with a writer] from ''[[Granta]]'' (subscription required)
* [http://www.technologyreview.com/communications/21173/?a=f "I Just Called to Say I Love You"], an essay by Franzen in ''Technology Review'' (September/October 2008) (free registration required)

{{Jonathan Franzen}}


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James Tait Black Memorial Prize

2012-10-09T22:43:15Z

86.40.98.173: copyediting

The '''James Tait Black Memorial Prizes''' are [[literary prize]]s awarded for literature written in the English language. They are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the [[University of Edinburgh]] in [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom]], the prizes were founded in 1919 by Mrs Janet Coutts Black in memory of her late husband, James Tait Black, a partner in the publishing house of [[A & C Black]] Ltd.

==Overview==
Four winners of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] received the James Tait Black earlier in their careers; Sir [[William Golding]], [[Nadine Gordimer]] and [[J. M. Coetzee]] each collected the James Tait Black for fiction, whilst [[Doris Lessing]] took the prize for biography. In addition to these literary Nobels, [[Sir Ronald Ross]], whose 1923 autobiography ''Memoirs, Etc.'' received the biography prize, was already a Nobel Laureate, having been awarded the 1902 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on malaria.

Other major literary figures to receive the fiction award include [[D. H. Lawrence]], [[E. M. Forster]], [[Arnold Bennett]], [[Bruce Chatwin]], [[John Buchan]], [[Robert Graves]], [[Arthur Waley]], [[Graham Greene]], [[Evelyn Waugh]], [[Anthony Powell]], [[Muriel Spark]], [[J. G. Ballard]], [[Angela Carter]], [[Margaret Drabble]], [[Elizabeth Bowen]], [[John Berger]], [[Iris Murdoch]], [[John Banville]], [[Salman Rushdie]] and [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]]. Recipients of the biography award include [[John Buchan]], [[Antonia Fraser]], [[Richard Ellmann]], [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]], [[Claire Tomalin]], [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]], [[R. F. Foster]], [[Martin Amis]] and [[John Carey (critic)|John Carey]].

More recent winners of note include [[Alan Hollinghurst]], [[Graham Swift]], [[Beryl Bainbridge]], [[Zadie Smith]], [[Andrew O'Hagan]], [[David Peace]], [[Ian McEwan]], [[Rosalind Belben]], [[Sebastian Barry]] and [[A. S. Byatt]], all of whom have received either the fiction prize in the course of the last two decades.

==Selection process and prize administration==
The winners are chosen by the Professor of English Literature at the University, who is assisted by PhD students in the shortlisting phase, a structure which is seen to lend the prizes a considerable gravitas. At the award of the 2006 prizes, [[Cormac McCarthy]]'s publisher commented positively on the selection process noting that, in the absence of a sponsor and literary or media figures amongst the judging panel, the decision is made by "...students and professors, whose only real agenda can be great books and great writing".<ref name="Video report of the James Tait Black Prize ceremony">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/200708_25_JTBAward.wvx
|publisher=University of Edinburgh
|title=Video report of the James Tait Black Prize ceremony, August 2007
|date=August 27, 2007

}}</ref> The original endowment is now supplemented by the University and, as a consequence, the total prize fund rose from £6,000 to £20,000 for the 2005 awards.<ref name="University boosts James Tait Black Prize">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/051125prize.html
|publisher=University of Edinburgh
|title=University boosts James Tait Black Prizes
|date=November 28, 2005

}}</ref> This increase made the two annual prizes, one for [[fiction]] and the other for [[biography]], the largest literary prizes on offer in Scotland.<ref name="Ali Smith hits the shortlists again">{{

cite news
|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,1765877,00.html
|publisher=The Guardian
|title=Ali Smith hits the shortlists again
|date=May 2, 2006
| location=London
| first=Michelle
| last=Pauli
| accessdate=May 5, 2010
}}</ref> The University is advised in relation to the development and administration of the Prize by a small committee which includes [[Ian Rankin]], [[Alexander McCall Smith]] and [[James Naughtie]] amongst its members. In August 2007 the prize ceremony was held at the [[Edinburgh International Book Festival]] for the first time.<ref name="James Tait Black Memorial Prize Ceremony">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/ceremony.html
|publisher=The University of Edinburgh
|title=James Tait Black Memorial Prize Ceremony
|date=June 8, 2007

}}</ref>

==Eligibility==
Only those works of fiction and biographies written in English and first published in Britain in the 12 month period prior to the submission date are eligible for the award. Both prizes may go to the same author, but neither prize can be awarded to the same author on more than one occasion.

==Complete list of Winners==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"

! Year || Fiction Award || Year || Biography Award
|-
| 1919 || [[Hugh Walpole]], ''The Secret City'' || 1919 || [[Henry Festing Jones]], ''Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835-1902) - A Memoir'' ([[Samuel Butler (1835-1902)|Samuel Butler]]) 
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1920 || [[D. H. Lawrence]], ''[[The Lost Girl]]'' || 1920 || [[G. M. Trevelyan]], ''Lord Grey of the Reform Bill'' ([[Earl Grey]])
|-
| 1921 || [[Walter de la Mare]], ''Memoirs of a Midget'' || 1921 || [[Lytton Strachey]], ''Queen Victoria'' ([[Queen Victoria]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1922 || [[David Garnett]], ''[[Lady into Fox]]'' || 1922 || [[Percy Lubbock]], ''Earlham''
|-
| 1923 || [[Arnold Bennett]], ''[[Riceyman Steps]]'' || 1923 || [[Ronald Ross]], ''Memoirs, Etc.'' (autobiography)
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1924 || [[E. M. Forster]], ''[[A Passage to India]]'' || 1924 || William Wilson, ''The House of Airlie'' (The [[Earl of Airlie|Earls of Airlie]])
|-
| 1925 || [[Liam O'Flaherty]], ''[[The Informer (novel)|The Informer]]'' || 1925 || [[Geoffrey Scott (architectural historian)|Geoffrey Scott]], ''The Portrait of Zelide'' ([[Isabelle de Charrière]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1926 || [[Radclyffe Hall]], ''Adam's Breed'' || 1926 || [[Herbert Brook Workman|Reverend Dr H. B. Workman]], ''John Wyclif: A Study of the English Medieval Church'' ([[John Wyclif]])
|-
| 1927 || [[Francis Brett Young]], ''Portrait of Clare'' || 1927 || [[H. A. L. Fisher]], ''James Bryce, Viscount Bryce of Dechmont, O.M.'' ([[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1928 || [[Siegfried Sassoon]], ''[[Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man]]'' || 1928 || [[John Buchan]], ''Montrose'' ([[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|James Graham]])<ref>Scholarly revision of Buchan's earlier "The Marquis of Montrose" (1913)</ref>
|-
| 1929 || [[J. B. Priestley]], ''[[The Good Companions]]'' || 1929 || [[Lord David Cecil]], ''The Stricken Deer: or The Life of Cowper'' ([[William Cowper]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1930 || [[E. H. Young]], ''Miss Mole'' || 1930 || [[Francis Yeats-Brown]], ''Lives of a Bengal Lancer'' (autobiography)
|-
| 1931 || [[Kate O'Brien]], ''Without My Cloak'' || 1931 || [[J. Y. T. Greig]], ''David Hume'' ([[David Hume]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1932 || [[Helen de Guerry Simpson]], ''Boomerang''|| 1932 || [[Stephen Gwynn]], ''The Life of Mary Kingsley'' ([[Mary Kingsley]])
|-
| 1933 || [[A. G. Macdonell]], ''[[England, Their England]]'' || 1933 || [[Violet Clifton]], ''The Book of Talbot'' ([[John Talbot Clifton]])<ref>Biography of the explorer John Talbot Clifton (1868-1928), father of Harry Clifton (Henry Talbot de Vere Clifton, dedicatee of W.B. Yeats' poem ''Lapis Lazuli'')</ref>
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1934 || [[Robert Graves]], ''[[I, Claudius]]'' and ''Claudius the God'' || 1934 || [[J. E. Neale]], ''Queen Elizabeth'' ([[Elizabeth I of England]])
|-
| 1935 || [[L. H. Myers]], ''The Root and the Flower'' || 1935 || [[Raymond Wilson Chambers]], ''Thomas More'' ([[Thomas More]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1936 || [[Winifred Holtby]], ''[[South Riding (novel)|South Riding]]'' || 1936 || [[Edward Sackville West]], ''A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of Thomas de Quincey'' ([[Thomas de Quincey]])
|-
| 1937 || [[Neil M. Gunn]], ''Highland River'' || 1937 || [[Lord Eustace Percy]], ''John Knox'' ([[John Knox]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1938 || [[C. S. Forester]], ''[[A Ship of the Line]]'' and ''[[Flying Colours (novel)|Flying Colours]]'' || 1938 || Sir [[Edmund Chambers]], ''Samuel Taylor Coleridge'' ([[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]])
|-
| 1939 || [[Aldous Huxley]], ''[[After Many a Summer|After Many a Summer Dies the Swan]]'' || 1939 || [[David C. Douglas]], ''English Scholars''<ref>Includes studies of antiquaries including [[Elias Ashmole]], [[William Dugdale]], [[Thomas Hearne (antiquarian)|Thomas Hearne]], [[George Hickes]], [[Thomas Madox]], [[John Nalson]], [[Edward Thwaites]] and [[Humfrey Wanley]]</ref>
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1940 || [[Charles Langbridge Morgan|Charles Morgan]], ''The Voyage'' || 1940 || [[Hilda F. M. Prescott]], ''Spanish Tudor: Mary I of England'' ([[Mary I of England]])
|-
| 1941 || [[Joyce Cary]], ''A House of Children'' || 1941 || John Gore, ''King George V'' ([[George V]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1942 || [[Arthur Waley]], Translation of ''[[Monkey (book)|Monkey]]'' by [[Wu Cheng'en]] || 1942 || [[Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede]], ''Henry Ponsonby: Queen Victoria's Private Secretary'' ([[Henry Ponsonby]])
|-
| 1943 || [[Mary Lavin]], ''Tales from Bective Bridge'' || 1943 || [[G. G. Coulton]], ''Fourscore Years'' (autobiography)
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1944 || [[Forrest Reid]], ''Young Tom'' || 1944 || [[C. V. Wedgwood]], ''William the Silent'' ([[William the Silent]])
|-
| 1945 || [[Leonard Strong|L. A. G. Strong]], ''Travellers'' || 1945 || [[D. S. MacColl]], ''Philip Wilson Steer'' ([[Philip Wilson Steer]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1946 || [[Oliver Onions]], ''Poor Man's Tapestry'' || 1946 || [[Richard Aldington]], ''A Life of Wellington: The Duke'' ([[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]])
|-
| 1947 || [[L. P. Hartley]], ''Eustace and Hilda'' || 1947 || [[Rev. C. C. E. Raven]], ''English Naturalists from Neckam to Ray'' ([[Alexander Neckam]] and [[John Ray]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1948 || [[Graham Greene]], ''[[The Heart of the Matter]]'' || 1948 || [[Percy A. Scholes]], ''The Great Dr. Burney'' ([[Charles Burney]])
|-
| 1949 || [[Emma Smith (author)|Emma Smith]], ''The Far Cry'' || 1949 || [[John Connell]], ''W. E. Henley'' ([[W. E. Henley]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1950 || [[Robert Henriques]], ''Through the Valley'' || 1950 || [[Cecil Woodham-Smith]], ''Florence Nightingale'' ([[Florence Nightingale]])
|-
| 1951 || [[Chapman Mortimer]], ''Father Goose'' || 1951 || [[Noel Annan]], ''Leslie Stephen'' ([[Leslie Stephen]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1952 || [[Evelyn Waugh]], ''[[Sword of Honour|Men at Arms]]'' || 1952 || [[G. M. Young]], ''Stanley Baldwin'' ([[Stanley Baldwin]])
|-
| 1953 || [[Margaret Kennedy]], ''Troy Chimneys'' || 1953 || [[Carola Oman]], ''Sir John Moore'' ([[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1954 || [[C. P. Snow]], ''The New Men'' and ''The Masters'' || 1954 || [[Keith Feiling]], ''Warren Hastings'' ([[Warren Hastings]])
|-
| 1955 || [[Ivy Compton-Burnett]], ''Mother and Son'' || 1955 || [[R. W. Ketton-Cremer]], ''Thomas Gray'' ([[Thomas Gray]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1956 || [[Rose Macaulay]], ''[[The Towers of Trebizond]]'' || 1956 || [[St John Greer Ervine]], ''George Bernard Shaw'' ([[George Bernard Shaw]])
|-
| 1957 || [[Anthony Powell]], ''[[At Lady Molly's]]'' || 1957 || [[Maurice Cranston]], ''Life of John Locke'' ([[John Locke]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1958 || [[Angus Wilson]], ''[[The Middle Age of Mrs. Eliot]]'' || 1958 || [[Joyce Hemlow]], ''The History of Fanny Burney'' ([[Fanny Burney]])
|-
| 1959 || [[Morris West]], ''[[The Devil's Advocate (novel)|The Devil's Advocate]]'' || 1959 || [[Christopher Hassall]], ''Edward Marsh'' ([[Edward Marsh (polymath)|Edward Marsh]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1960 || [[Rex Warner]], ''Imperial Caesar'' || 1960 || Canon [[Adam Fox]], ''The Life of Dean Inge'' ([[Dean Inge]])
|-
| 1961 || [[Jennifer Dawson]], ''The Ha-Ha'' || 1961 || [[M. K. Ashby]], ''Joseph Ashby of Tysoe'' ([[Joseph Ashby]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1962 || [[Ronald Hardy]], ''Act of Destruction'' || 1962 || [[Meriol Trevor]], ''Newman: The Pillar and the Cloud'' and ''Newman: Light in Winter'' ([[John Henry Newman]])
|-
| 1963 || [[Gerda Charles]], ''A Slanting Light'' || 1963 || [[Georgina Battiscombe]], ''John Keble: A Study in Limitations'' ([[John Keble]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1964 || [[Frank Tuohy]], ''The Ice Saints'' || 1964 || [[Elizabeth Longford]], ''Victoria R.I.'' ([[Queen Victoria]])
|-
| 1965 || [[Muriel Spark]], ''[[The Mandelbaum Gate]]'' || 1965 || [[Mary Moorman]], ''William Wordsworth: The Later Years 1803-1850'' ([[William Wordsworth]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1966 || [[Christine Brooke-Rose]], ''Such'', and [[Aidan Higgins]], ''Langrishe, Go Down'' || 1966 || [[Geoffrey Keynes]], ''The Life of William Harvey'' ([[William Harvey]])
|-
| 1967 || [[Margaret Drabble]], ''Jerusalem The Golden'' || 1967 || [[Winifred Gérin]], ''Charlotte Brontë: The Evolution of Genius'' ([[Charlotte Brontë]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1968 || [[Maggie Ross]], ''The Gasteropod'' || 1968 || [[Gordon Haight]], ''George Eliot'' ([[George Eliot]])
|-
| 1969 || [[Elizabeth Bowen]], ''[[Eva Trout (novel)|Eva Trout]]'' || 1969 || [[Antonia Fraser]], ''Mary, Queen of Scots'' ([[Mary, Queen of Scots]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1970 || [[Lily Powell]], ''The Bird of Paradise'' || 1970 || [[Jasper Ridley]], ''Lord Palmerston'' ([[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston]])
|-
| 1971 || [[Nadine Gordimer]], ''A Guest of Honour'' || 1971 || [[Julia Namier]], ''Lewis Namier'' ([[Lewis Namier]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1972 || [[John Berger]], ''[[G. (novel)|G]]'' || 1972 || [[Quentin Bell]], ''Virginia Woolf'' ([[Virginia Woolf]])
|-
| 1973 || [[Iris Murdoch]], ''[[The Black Prince (novel)|The Black Prince]]'' || 1973 || [[Robin Lane Fox]], ''Alexander the Great'' ([[Alexander the Great]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1974 || [[Lawrence Durrell]], ''[[Monsieur (novel)|Monsieur: or, The Prince of Darkness]]'' || 1974 || [[John Wain]], ''Samuel Johnson'' ([[Samuel Johnson]])
|-
| 1975 || [[Brian Moore (novelist)|Brian Moore]], ''The Great Victorian Collection'' || 1975 || [[Karl Miller]], ''Cockburn's Millennium'' ([[Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn|Henry Cockburn]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1976 || [[John Banville]], ''Doctor Copernicus'' || 1976 || [[Ronald Hingley]], ''A New Life of Chekhov'' ([[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]])
|-
| 1977 || [[John le Carré]], ''[[The Honourable Schoolboy]]'' || 1977 || [[George Painter]], ''Chateaubriand: Volume 1 - The Longed-For Tempests'' ([[François-René de Chateaubriand]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1978 || [[Maurice Gee]], ''Plumb'' || 1978 || [[Robert Gittings]], ''The Older Hardy'' ([[Thomas Hardy]])
|-
| 1979 || [[William Golding]], ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' || 1979 || [[Brian Finney]], ''Christopher Isherwood: A Critical Biography'' ([[Christopher Isherwood]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1980 || [[J. M. Coetzee]], ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' || 1980 || [[Robert B. Martin]], ''Tennyson: The Unquiet Heart'' ([[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Alfred Tennyson]])
|-
| 1981 || [[Salman Rushdie]], ''[[Midnight's Children]]'', and [[Paul Theroux]], ''[[The Mosquito Coast]]'' || 1981 || [[Victoria Glendinning]], ''Edith Sitwell: Unicorn Among Lions'' ([[Edith Sitwell]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1982 || [[Bruce Chatwin]], ''[[On The Black Hill]]'' || 1982 || [[Richard Ellmann]], ''James Joyce'' ([[James Joyce]])
|-
| 1983 || [[Jonathan Keates]], ''Allegro Postillions'' || 1983 || [[Alan Walker (writer on music)|Alan Walker]], ''Franz Liszt: The Virtuoso Years'' ([[Franz Liszt]])
|-bgcolor="silver"
| 1984 || [[J. G. Ballard]], ''[[Empire of the Sun]]'', and [[Angela Carter]], ''[[Nights at the Circus]]'' || 1984 || [[Lyndall Gordon]], ''Virginia Woolf: A Writer's Life'' ([[Virginia Woolf]])
|-
| 1985 || [[Robert Edric]], ''Winter Garden'' || 1985 || [[David Nokes]], ''Jonathan Swift: A Hypocrite Reversed'' ([[Jonathan Swift]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1986 || [[Jenny Joseph]], ''Persephone'' || 1986 || Dame [[Felicitas Corrigan]], ''Helen Waddell'' ([[Helen Waddell]])
|-
| 1987 || [[George Mackay Brown]], ''The Golden Bird: Two Orkney Stories'' || 1987 || [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]], ''Victor Gollancz: A Biography'' ([[Victor Gollancz]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1988 || [[Piers Paul Read]], ''A Season in the West'' || 1988 || [[Brian McGuinness]], ''Wittgenstein, A Life: Young Ludwig (1889-1921)'' ([[Ludwig Wittgenstein]])
|-
| 1989 || [[James Kelman]], ''[[A Disaffection]]'' || 1989 || [[Ian Gibson (author)|Ian Gibson]], ''Federico García Lorca: A Life'' ([[Federico García Lorca]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1990 || [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]], ''[[Brazzaville Beach]]'' || 1990 || [[Claire Tomalin]], ''The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens'' ([[Ellen Ternan]] and [[Charles Dickens]])
|-
| 1991 || [[Iain Sinclair]], ''Downriver'' || 1991 || [[Adrian Desmond]] and [[James Moore (biographer)|James Moore]], ''Darwin'' ([[Charles Darwin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1992 || [[Rose Tremain]], ''[[Sacred Country]]'' || 1992 || [[Charles Nicholl (author)|Charles Nicholl]], ''The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe'' ([[Christopher Marlowe]])
|-
| 1993 || [[Caryl Phillips]], ''[[Crossing the River]]'' || 1993 || [[Richard Holmes (biographer)|Richard Holmes]], ''Dr Johnson and Mr Savage'' ([[Samuel Johnson]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1994 || [[Alan Hollinghurst]], ''[[The Folding Star]]'' || 1994 || [[Doris Lessing]], ''[[Under My Skin (book)|Under My Skin]]''
|-
| 1995 || [[Christopher Priest (English novelist)|Christopher Priest]], ''[[The Prestige]]'' || 1995 || [[Gitta Sereny]], ''Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth'' ([[Albert Speer]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1996 || [[Graham Swift]], ''[[Last Orders]]'', and [[Alice Thompson]], ''Justine'' || 1996 || [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]], ''Thomas Cranmer: A Life'' ([[Thomas Cranmer]])
|-
| 1997 || [[Andrew Miller (novelist)|Andrew Miller]], ''[[Ingenious Pain]]'' || 1997 || [[R. F. Foster (historian)|R. F. Foster]], ''W. B. Yeats: A Life, Volume 1 - The Apprentice Mage 1965-1914'' ([[William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1998 || [[Beryl Bainbridge]], ''[[Master Georgie]]'' || 1998 || [[Peter Ackroyd]], ''The Life of Thomas More'' ([[Thomas More]])
|-
| 1999 || [[Timothy Mo]], ''Renegade, or Halo2'' || 1999 || [[Kathryn Hughes]], ''George Eliot: The Last Victorian'' ([[George Eliot]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2000 || [[Zadie Smith]], ''[[White Teeth]]'' || 2000 || [[Martin Amis]], ''Experience''
|-
| 2001 || [[Sid Smith (writer)|Sid Smith]], ''Something Like a House'' || 2001 || [[Robert Skidelsky]], ''John Maynard Keynes: Volume 3 - Fighting for Britain 1937-1946'' ([[John Maynard Keynes]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2002 || [[Jonathan Franzen]], ''[[The Corrections]]'' || 2002 || [[Jenny Uglow]], ''The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made the Future 1730-1810'' ([[Lunar Society of Birmingham]])
|-
| 2003 || [[Andrew O'Hagan]], ''Personality'' || 2003 || [[Janet Browne]], ''Charles Darwin: Volume 2 - The Power of Place'' ([[Charles Darwin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2004 || [[David Peace]], ''GB84'' || 2004 || [[Jonathan Bate]], ''John Clare: A Biography'' ([[John Clare]])
|-
| 2005 || [[Ian McEwan]], ''[[Saturday (novel)|Saturday]]'' || 2005 || [[Sue Prideaux]], ''Edvard Munch: Behind the Scream'' ([[Edvard Munch]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2006 || [[Cormac McCarthy]], ''[[The Road (novel)|The Road]]'' || 2006 || [[Byron Rogers (author)|Byron Rogers]], ''The Man Who Went Into the West: The Life of R. S. Thomas'' ([[R. S. Thomas]])
|-
| 2007 || [[Rosalind Belben]], ''Our Horses in Egypt'' || 2007 || [[Rosemary Hill]], ''God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain'' ([[Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin|Augustus Pugin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2008 || [[Sebastian Barry]], ''[[The Secret Scripture]]'' || 2008 || [[Michael Holroyd]], ''A Strange Eventful History'' (The families of [[Ellen Terry]] and [[Henry Irving]])
|-
| 2009 || [[A. S. Byatt]], ''[[The Children's Book]]'' || 2009 || [[John Carey (critic)|John Carey]], ''William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies'' ([[William Golding]])
|-
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2010 || [[Tatjana Soli]], ''[[The Lotus Eaters (novel)|The Lotus Eaters]]'' || 2010 || [[Hilary Spurling]], ''Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China'' ([[Pearl Buck]])<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/uk/Dazzling-tale-of-Ms-Saigon.6821899.jp
|publisher=The Scotsman
|title=Dazzling tale of Ms Saigon takes top award
|date=August 20, 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || [[Padgett Powell]], ''You and I'' || 2011 || [[Fiona MacCarthy]], ''The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination'' ([[Edward Burne-Jones]])
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/tait-black James Tait Black Prizes homepage, University of Edinburgh]
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/200708_25_JTBAward.wvx Windows Media Video report of the 2007 James Tait Black Prize ceremony]
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/ James Tait Black Prizes homepage, University of Edinburgh]
* [http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2008/10/booker-prize-british-literary New Statesman article on the James Tait Black and Booker prizes]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/arts/openbook/openbook_20060430.shtml James Tait Black feature on the BBC Radio 4's 'Open Book' (includes audio link)]

[[Category:1919 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1919]]
[[Category:Biography awards]]
[[Category:Fiction awards]]
[[Category:Scottish literary awards]]
[[Category:University of Edinburgh]]

[[de:James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]
[[fr:Prix James Tait Black Memorial]]
[[ko:제임스 테이트 블랙 기념상]]
[[it:James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]
[[ja:ジェイムズ・テイト・ブラック記念賞]]
[[zh:詹姆斯·泰特·布莱克纪念奖]]

Martin Amis

2012-10-09T22:41:15Z

86.40.98.173: copyediting

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Martin Amis
|image = Martin Amis 2012 by Maximilian Schoenherr.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|alt = photograph
|caption = Martin Amis in 2012
|birth_name =Martin Louis Amis
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|8|25|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Swansea]], Wales, United Kingdom<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/>
|residence =
|nationality = British
|education = MA (Oxon)
|alma_mater = [[Exeter College, Oxford]]
|years_active =
|notable_works = ''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'' (1984), ''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'' (1989)
|style =
|influences = [[Saul Bellow]], [[Vladimir Nabokov]], [[James Joyce]]<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/>
|home_town =
|spouse = Antonia Phillips (1984–1993); [[Isabel Fonseca]] (1996–present)
|children = Delilah (1976), Louis (1985), Jacob (1986), Fernanda (1996), Clio (1999)
|parents = [[Kingsley Amis]] (father), Hilary Ann Bardwell (mother)
|relations = Philip Amis (brother), [[Sally Amis]] (sister)
|callsign =
|awards =
|signature =
|signature_alt =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Martin Louis Amis''' (25 August 1949) is a British novelist. His best-known novels are ''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'' (1984) and ''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'' (1989). He was the Professor of [[Creative Writing]] at the Centre for New Writing at the [[University of Manchester]] until 2011.<ref name=colm_toibin_takes_over>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/jan/26/colm-toibin-teaching-martin-amis|title=Colm Tóibín takes over teaching job from Martin Amis|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Benedicte|last=Page|date=26 January 2011}}</ref> ''[[The Times]]'' named him in 2008 as one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The 50 greatest British writers since 1945]. ''The Times'', 5 January 2008, (subscription only).</ref>

Amis's raw material is what he sees as the [[Absurdism|absurdity]] of the [[Postmodernism|postmodern]] condition and the excesses of late-capitalist Western society with its grotesque [[caricature]]s. He has thus been portrayed as the undisputed master of what the ''[[New York Times]]'' called "the new unpleasantness".<ref name=Stout>Stout, Mira. [http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/02/01/home/amis-stout.html "Martin Amis: Down London's mean streets"], ''New York Times'', 4 February 1990.</ref> Influenced by [[Saul Bellow]], [[Vladimir Nabokov]], and [[James Joyce]], as well as by his father, [[Kingsley Amis]], he has inspired a generation of writers with his distinctive style, including [[Will Self]] and [[Zadie Smith]]. ''[[The Guardian]]'' writes that his critics have noted what Kingsley Amis called a "terrible compulsive vividness in his style...that constant demonstrating of his command of English," and that the "Amis-ness of Amis will be recognisable in any piece before he reaches his first [[full stop]]".<ref name=Guardianbooksbio>[http://books.guardian.co.uk/authors/author/0,5917,-4,00.html "Martin Amis"], ''The Guardian'', 22 July 2008.</ref>

==Early life==
Amis was born in [[Swansea]], South Wales.<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/> His father, Sir Kingsley Amis, was the son of a [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]] manufacturer's clerk from [[Clapham]], London; his mother, Hilary "Hilly" Bardwell, was the daughter of a [[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|Ministry of Agriculture]] civil servant.<ref name=Stout/> He has an older brother, Philip, and his younger sister, [[Sally Amis|Sally]], died in 2000. His parents divorced when he was twelve.

He attended a number of schools in the 1950s and 1960s—including the [[Bishop Gore School]] (Swansea Grammar School), and [[Cambridgeshire High School for Boys]]—where he was described by one headmaster as "unusually unpromising".<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/> The acclaim that followed his father's first novel ''[[Lucky Jim]]'' sent the family to [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]], where his father lectured.

In 1965, at age 15, he played John Thornton in the film version of [[Richard Hughes (writer)|Richard Hughes']] ''[[A High Wind in Jamaica (film)|A High Wind in Jamaica]]''.

He read nothing but [[comic book]]s until his stepmother, the novelist [[Elizabeth Jane Howard]], introduced him to [[Jane Austen]], whom he often names as his earliest influence. After teenage years spent in flowery shirts and a short spell at [[Westminster School]] while living in [[Hampstead]], he graduated from [[Exeter College, Oxford]] with a "Congratulatory" [[British undergraduate degree classification#First-class honours|First]] in [[English literature|English]] — "the sort where you are called in for a [[thesis committee|viva]] and the examiners tell you how much they enjoyed reading your papers."<ref name=Zachary614>Leader, Zachary (2006). ''The Life of Kingsley Amis''. Cape, p. 614.</ref>

After Oxford, he found an entry-level job at ''The Times Literary Supplement'', and at age 27 became literary editor of the ''[[New Statesman]]'', where he met [[Christopher Hitchens]], then a feature writer for ''[[The Observer]]'', who remained a close friend until Hitchens's death in 2011.

==Early writing==
According to Martin, Kingsley Amis famously showed no interest in his son's work. "I can point out the exact place where he stopped and sent ''Money'' twirling through the air; that's where the character named Martin Amis comes in." "Breaking the rules, buggering about with the reader, drawing attention to himself," Kingsley complained.<ref name=Stout/>

His first novel ''[[The Rachel Papers (novel)|The Rachel Papers]]'' (1973) won the [[Somerset Maugham Award]]. The most traditional of his novels, made into an unsuccessful cult [[The Rachel Papers|film]], it tells the story of a bright, egotistical teenager (which Amis acknowledges as autobiographical) and his relationship with the eponymous girlfriend in the year before going to university.

He also wrote the screenplay for the film ''[[Saturn 3]]'', an experience which he was to draw on for his fifth novel ''Money''.

''[[Dead Babies (novel)|Dead Babies]]'' (1975), more flippant in tone, chronicles a few days in the lives of some friends who convene in a country house to take drugs. A number of Amis's characteristics show up here for the first time: mordant black humour, obsession with the [[zeitgeist]], authorial intervention, a character subjected to sadistically humorous misfortunes and humiliations, and a defiant casualness ("my attitude has been, I don't know much about science, but I know what I like"). [[Dead Babies (film)|A film adaptation]] was made in 2000.

''[[Success (novel)|Success]]'' (1977) told the story of two foster-brothers, Gregory Riding and Terry Service, and their rising and falling fortunes. This was the first example of Amis's fondness for symbolically "pairing" characters in his novels, which has been a recurrent feature in his fiction since (Martin Amis and Martina Twain in ''Money'', Richard Tull and Gwyn Barry in ''The Information'', and Jennifer Rockwell and Mike Hoolihan in ''Night Train'').

''Other People: A Mystery Story'' (1981), about a young woman coming out of a [[coma]], was a transitional novel in that it was the first of Amis's to show authorial intervention in the [[Narrative mode|narrative voice]], and highly artificed language in the heroine's descriptions of everyday objects, which was said to be influenced by his contemporary [[Craig Raine]]'s "Martian" school of poetry.

==Main career==
===1980s and 1990s===
Amis's best-known novels are ''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'', ''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'', and ''[[The Information (novel)|The Information]]'', commonly referred to as his "London Trilogy."<ref>Stringer, Jenny. [http://books.google.com/books?id=5Vr1RWniW_YC&pg=PA18&dq=%22london+trilogy%22+amis&hl=en&ei=VGCmS-iMJcKVtgfU0OSCCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22london%20trilogy%22%20amis&f=false Martin Amis], ''The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century Literature in English''. Oxford University Press 1996.</ref> Although the books share little in terms of plot and narrative, they all examine the lives of middle-aged men, exploring the sordid, debauched, and post-apocalyptic undercurrents of life in late 20th-century Britain. Amis's London [[protagonist]]s are [[anti-hero]]es: they engage in questionable behaviour, are passionate [[iconoclast]]s, and strive to escape the apparent banality and futility of their lives.

''Money'' (1984, subtitled ''A Suicide Note'') is a first-person narrative by John Self, advertising man and would-be film director, who is "addicted to the twentieth century". "[A] satire of Thatcherite amorality and greed,"<ref>[http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth7 "Martin Amis"], British Council: Contemporary Writers. Retrieved 24 January 2009</ref> the novel relates a series of black comedic episodes as Self flies back and forth across the Atlantic, in crass and seemingly chaotic pursuit of personal and professional success. ''[[Time Magazine|Time]]'' included the novel in its list of the 100 best English-language novels of 1923 to 2005.<ref>[[Lev Grossman]] and Richard Lacayo.[http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/the_complete_list.html "All Time 100 Novels"]</ref> On 11 November 2009, ''The Guardian'' reported that the BBC had adapted ''Money'' for television as part of their early 2010 schedule for BBC 2.<ref
name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/nov/11/nick-frost-bbc2-martin-amis-money | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Nick Frost to star in BBC2 adaptation of Martin Amis's Money | first=John | last=Plunkett | date=11 November 2009 | accessdate=27 March 2010}}</ref> [[Nick Frost]] played John Self.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> The television adaptation also featured [[Vincent Kartheiser]], [[Emma Pierson]] and [[Jerry Hall]].<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> The adaptation was a "two-part drama" and was written by Tom Butterworth and Chris Hurford.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> After the transmission of the first of the two parts, Amis was quick to praise the adaptation, stating that "All the performances (were) without weak spots. I thought Nick Frost was absolutely extraordinary as John Self. He fills the character. It's a very unusual performance in that he's very funny, he's physically comic, but he's also strangely graceful, a pleasure to watch...It looked very expensive even though it wasn't and that's a feat...The earlier script I saw was disappointing (but) they took it back and worked on it and it's hugely improved. My advice was to use more of the language of the novel, the dialogue, rather than making it up."<ref>Catriona Wightman (25 May 2010). [http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a221753/martin-amis-praises-money-adaptation.html?rss "Martin Amis praises ''Money'' adaptation"], ''[[Digital Spy]]''.</ref>

''London Fields'' (1989), Amis's longest work, describes the encounters between three main characters in London in 1999, as a climate disaster approaches. The characters have typically Amisian names and broad caricatured qualities: Keith Talent, the lower-class crook with a passion for darts; Nicola Six, a [[femme fatale]] who is determined to be murdered; and upper-middle-class Guy Clinch, "the fool, the foil, the poor foal" who is destined to come between the other two. The book was controversially omitted from the Booker Prize shortlist in 1989, because two panel members, [[Maggie Gee (novelist)|Maggie Gee]] and Helen McNeil, disliked Amis's treatment of his female characters. "It was an incredible row", Martyn Goff, the Booker's director, told ''The Independent''. "Maggie and Helen felt that Amis treated women appallingly in the book. That is not to say they thought books which treated women badly couldn't be good, they simply felt that the author should make it clear he didn't favour or bless that sort of treatment. Really, there was only two of them and they should have been outnumbered as the other three were in agreement, but such was the sheer force of their argument and passion that they won. [[David Lodge (author)|David [Lodge]]] has told me he regrets it to this day, he feels he failed somehow by not saying, 'It's two against three, Martin's on the list'."<ref>Wynn-Jones, Ros. [http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/time-to-publish-and-be-damned-1239074.html Time to publish and be damned], ''The Independent'', 14 September 1997.</ref>

Amis's 1991 novel, the short ''[[Time's Arrow (novel)|Time's Arrow]]'', was shortlisted for the [[Man Booker Prize]]. Notable for its unique, backwards narrative - including dialogue in reverse - the novel is the autobiography of a [[Nazi concentration camp]] doctor. The unique reversal of time in the novel seemingly transforms Auschwitz - and the entire theatre of war - into a place of joy, healing, and resurrection.

''The Information'' (1995) was notable not so much for its critical success, but for the scandals surrounding its publication. The enormous advance (an alleged £500,000) demanded and subsequently obtained by Amis for the novel attracted what the author described as "an [[Eisteddfod]] of hostility" from writers and critics after he abandoned his long-serving agent, the late [[Pat Kavanagh (agent)|Pat Kavanagh]], in order to be represented by the Harvard-educated Andrew "The Jackal" Wylie.<ref>Begley, Adam (28 May 2000). [http://www.observer.com/node/42996 "All for a Liberace Smile? Amis in the Dentist's Chair"], ''The New York Observer''.</ref> The split was by no means amicable; it created a rift between Amis and his long-time friend, [[Julian Barnes]], who was married to Kavanagh. According to Amis's autobiography ''Experience'' (2000), he and Barnes had not resolved their differences.<ref>Amis, Martin, ''Experience'' (2000), pp. 247-249</ref> ''The Information'' itself deals with the relationship between a pair of British writers of fiction. One, a spectacularly successful purveyor of "[[airport novel]]s", is envied by his friend, an equally unsuccessful writer of philosophical and generally abstruse prose. The novel is written in the author's classic style: characters appearing as [[stereotype]]d caricatures, grotesque elaborations on the wickedness of middle age, and a general air of post-apocalyptic malaise.

Amis's 1997 offering, the short novel ''[[Night Train (novel)|Night Train]]'', is narrated by the mannish American Detective Mike Hoolihan. The story revolves around the suicide of her boss's young, beautiful and seemingly happy daughter. Like most of Amis's work, ''Night Train'' is dark, bleak, and foreboding, arguably a reflection of the author's views on America. Amis's distinctively American vernacular in the narrative was criticized by, among others, [[John Updike]], although the novel found defenders elsewhere, notably in Janis Bellow, wife of Amis's sometime mentor and friend, the late [[Saul Bellow]].<ref>Janis Freedman Bellow. [http://www.martinamisweb.com/pre_2006/jfntreview.htm "Second Thoughts on ''Night Train''], ''The Republic of Letters'', 4 May 1998: 25-29.</ref>

===2000s===
The 2000s were Amis's least productive decade in terms of full-length fiction since starting in the 1970s (two novels in ten years), while his non-fiction work saw a dramatic uptick in volume (three published works including a memoir, a hybrid of semi-memoir and amateur political history, and another journalism collection).

In 2000 Amis published a memoir called ''[[Experience (book)|Experience]]''. Largely concerned with the strange relationship between the author and his father, the novelist Kingsley Amis, the autobiography nevertheless deals with many facets of Amis's life. Of particular note is Amis's reunion with his daughter, Delilah Seale, resulting from an affair in the 1970s, whom he did not see until she was 19. Amis also discusses, at some length, the murder of his cousin [[Lucy Partington]] by [[Fred West]] when she was 21. The book was awarded the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for biography.

In 2002 Amis published ''[[Koba the Dread: Laughter and the Twenty Million|Koba the Dread]]'', a devastating history of the crimes of [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Joseph Stalin]], and their denial by many writers and academics in the West. The book precipitated a literary controversy for its approach to the material, and for its attack on Amis's long-time friend, [[Christopher Hitchens]]. Once a passionate and committed leftist, Hitchens' alleged sympathy for Stalin and communism was criticized by Amis. Although Hitchens wrote a vituperative response to the book in ''The Atlantic'', his friendship with Amis appears to have emerged unchanged: in response to a reporter's question, Amis responded "We never needed to make up. We had an adult exchange of views, mostly in print, and that was that (or, more exactly, that goes on being that). My friendship with the Hitch has always been perfectly cloudless. It is a love whose month is ever May."<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/people/profiles/article2154795.ece "Martin Amis: You Ask The Questions"], ''The Independent'', 15 January 2007.</ref>

In 2003 ''[[Yellow Dog (novel)|Yellow Dog]]'', Amis's first novel in six years, was published. The novel drew mixed reviews, and was most notably denounced by the novelist [[Tibor Fischer]]: "''Yellow Dog'' isn't bad as in not very good or slightly disappointing. It's not-knowing-where-to-look bad. I was reading my copy on [[London Underground|the Tube]] and I was terrified someone would look over my shoulder… It's like your favourite uncle being caught in a school playground, masturbating."<ref>Tibor Fischer (4 August 2003). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3594613/Someone-needs-to-have-a-word-with-Amis.html "Someone needs to have a word with Amis"], [[The Daily Telegraph]].</ref> Elsewhere, the book received mixed reviews, with some critics proclaiming the novel a return to form, but most considered the book to be a great disappointment.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Amis was unrepentant about the novel and its reaction, calling ''Yellow Dog'' "among my best three". He gave his own explanation
for the novel's critical failure, "No one wants to read a difficult literary novel or deal with a prose style which reminds them how thick they are. There's a push towards egalitarianism, making writing more chummy and interactive, instead of a higher voice, and that's what I go to literature for."<ref>[http://www.martinamisweb.com/interviews_files/muir_interview.pdf "Amis needs a drink"], [[The Times]], 13 September 2003, (subscription only).</ref> ''Yellow Dog'' "controversially made the 13-book longlist for the 2003 Booker Prize, despite some scathing reviews", but failed to win the award.<ref>Luke Leitch (16 September 2003). [http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-6732841-booker-snubs-amis-again.do "Booker snubs Amis, again"], ''Evening Standard''.</ref>

Following the harsh reviews afforded to ''Yellow Dog'', Amis relocated from London to [[Uruguay]] with his family for two years, during which time he worked on his next novel away from the glare and pressures of the London literary scene.

In September 2006, upon his return from Uruguay, Amis published his eleventh novel. ''House of Meetings'', a short work, continued the author's crusade against the crimes of Stalinism and also saw some consideration of the state of contemporary post-Soviet Russia. The novel centres on the relationship between two brothers incarcerated in a prototypical Siberian gulag who, prior to their deportation, had loved the same woman. ''[[House of Meetings]]'' saw some better critical notices than ''Yellow Dog'' had received three years before, but there were still some reviewers who felt that Amis's fiction work had considerably declined in quality while others felt that he was not suited to writing an ostensibly serious historical novel. Despite the praise for ''[[House of Meetings]]'', once again Amis was overlooked for the Booker Prize longlist. According to a piece in ''The Independent'', the novel "was originally to have been collected alongside two short stories - one, a disturbing account of the life of
a body-double in the court of [[Saddam Hussein]]; the other, the imagined final moments of Muhammad Atta, the leader of 11 September attacks - but late in the process, Amis decided to jettison both from the book."<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite news| url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/martin-amis-30-things-ive-learned-about-terror-418950.html | work=The Independent | location=London | title=Martin Amis: 30 things I've learned about terror | first=Alex | last=Bilmes | date=8 October 2006 | accessdate=12 May 2010}}</ref> In the same 2006 interview, Amis revealed that he had "recently abandoned a novella, The Unknown Known (the title was based on one of Donald Rumsfeld's characteristically strangulated linguistic formulations) in which Muslim terrorists unleash a horde of compulsive rapists on a town called [[Greeley, Colorado]]"<ref name="independent.co.uk"/> and instead continued to work on a follow-up full novel that he had started working on in 2003:<ref>Tom Chatfield (4 May 2009). [http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/2009/05/martinamisthereturnofthemaster/ "Martin Amis: will he return to form?"], ''Prospect''.</ref>

<blockquote>
"The novel I'm working on is blindingly autobiographical, but with an Islamic theme. It's called A Pregnant Widow, because at the end of a revolution you don't have a newborn child, you have a pregnant widow. And the pregnant widow in this novel is [[feminism]]. Which is still in its second trimester. The child is nowhere in sight yet. And I think it has several more convulsions to undergo before we'll see the child."<ref name="independent.co.uk"/>
</blockquote>

The new novel took some considerable time to write and was not published before the end of the decade. Instead, Amis's last published work of the 2000s was the 2008 journalism collection ''[[The Second Plane]]'', a collection with compiled Amis's many writings on the events of [[9/11]] and the subsequent major events and cultural issues resulting from the [[War on Terror]]. The reception to ''The Second Plane'' was decidedly mixed, with some reviewers finding its tone intelligent and well reasoned, while others believed it to be overly stylised and lacking in authoritative knowledge of key areas under consideration. The most common consensus was that the two short stories included were the weakest point of the collection. The collection sold relatively well and was widely discussed and debated.

===2010s===
In 2010, after a long period of writing, rewriting, editing and revision, Amis published his long-awaited new long novel, ''[[The Pregnant Widow]]'', which is concerned with the [[Sexual Revolution]]. Originally set for release in 2008, the novel's publication was pushed back as further editing and alterations were being made, expanding the novel to some 480pages. The title of the novel is based on a quote by [[Alexander Herzen]]:
<blockquote>
The death of the contemporary forms of social order ought to gladden rather than trouble the soul. Yet what is frightening is that what the departing world leaves behind it is not an heir but a pregnant widow. Between the death of the one and the birth of the other, much water will flow by, a long night of chaos and desolation will pass.
<ref>[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Pregnant-Widow-Martin-Amis/dp/0224076124 ''The Pregnant Widow'']</ref>
</blockquote>

The first public reading of the then just completed version of ''[[The Pregnant Widow]]'' occurred on 11 May 2009 as part of the Norwich and Norfolk festival.<ref name="writerscentrenorwich.org.uk">Katy Carr (11 May 2009). [http://www.writerscentrenorwich.org.uk/Content1161.aspx "Amis reads ''The Pregnant Widow'']</ref> At this reading, according to the coverage of the event for the Norwich Writers' Centre by Katy Carr, "the writing shows a return to comic form, as the narrator muses on the indignities of facing the mirror as an aging man, in a prelude to a story set in Italy in 1970, looking at the effect of the sexual revolution on personal relationships. The sexual revolution was the moment, as Amis sees it, that love became divorced from sex. He said he started to write the novel autobiographically (something that has been interesting the press recently), but then concluded that real life was too different from fiction, and difficult to drum into novel shape, so he had to rethink the form."<ref name="writerscentrenorwich.org.uk"/>

The story is set in a castle owned by a cheese tycoon in [[Campania]], Italy, where Keith Nearing, a 20-year-old English literature student; his girlfriend, Lily; and her friend, Scheherazade, are on holiday during the hot summer of 1970, the year that Amis says "something was changing in the world of men and women".<ref name=Long>Long, Camilla. [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article6996980.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1 Martin Amis and the sex war], ''The Times'', 24 January 2010.</ref><ref>Kemp, Peter. [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article7004587.ece The Pregnant Widow by Martin Amis], ''The Sunday Times'', 31 January 2010.</ref> The narrator is Keith's [[superego]], or conscience, in 2009. Keith's sister, Violet, is based on Amis's own sister, [[Sally Amis|Sally]], described by Amis as one of the revolution's most spectacular victims.<ref>Flood, Alison. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/nov/20/martin-amis-novel-feminists-sister Martin Amis says new novel will get him 'in trouble with the feminists'], ''The Guardian'', 20 November 2009.</ref>

Published in a whirl of publicity the likes of which Amis had not received for a novel since the publication of ''The Information'' in 1995, ''The Pregnant Widow'' once again saw Amis receiving mixed reviews from the press and sales being average at best. Despite a vast amount of coverage, some positive reviews, and a general expectation that Amis' time for recognition had come, the novel was overlooked for the 2010 Man [[Booker Prize]] long list (as were efforts by his contemporaries [[Ian McEwan]] and [[Salman Rushdie]]).

In 2012 Amis published ''[[Lionel Asbo: State of England]]''. The novel is centered on the lives of the immaculate Desmond Pepperdine and his uncle Lionel Asbo, a voracious [[Yobbo|yob]] and persistent convict. It is set against the fictional borough of Diston Town, a grotesque version of modern-day Britain under the reign of [[celebrity culture]], and follows the dramatic events in the lives of both characters: Desmond's gradual erudition and maturing; and Lionel's fantastic [[lottery]] win of approximately 140 million pounds. Much to the interest of the press, Amis based the character of Lionel Asbo's eventual girlfriend, the ambitious [[Glamour Model]] and poet "Threnody" ([[Quotation marks]] included), on the British [[celebrity]] [[Jordan_(Katie_Price)|Jordan]]. Reviews, once again, were largely mixed.

Amis is currently at work on a short novel concerning the [[Holocaust]], his second work of fiction to tackle the subject after ''[[Time's Arrow]]''.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/hay-festival/9282488/Hay-Festival-2012-Martin-Amis-over-60-and-under-appreciated.html</ref><ref>http://www.newstribune.com/news/2012/sep/14/amis-america-talk-british-author/</ref>

===Other works===
Amis has also released two collections of short stories (''[[Einstein's Monsters]]'' and ''[[Heavy Water and Other Stories|Heavy Water]]''), four volumes of collected journalism and criticism (''[[The Moronic Inferno: And Other Visits to America|The Moronic Inferno]]'', ''[[Visiting Mrs Nabokov: And Other Excursions|Visiting Mrs Nabokov]]'', ''[[The War Against Cliché]]'' and ''The Second Plane''), and a guide to 1980s space-themed arcade video-game machines which he has since disavowed<ref name="invaders">{{Cite web |url=http://www.themillions.com/2012/02/the-arcades-project-martin-amis-guide-to-classic-video-games.html |title=The Arcades Project: Martin Amis' Guide to Classic Video Games |last=O'Connell |first=Mark |date=16 February 2012 |accessdate=16 February 2012 |publisher=[[The Millions]]}}</ref> (''Invasion of the Space Invaders''). He also regularly appeared on television and radio discussion and debate programmes, and contributes book reviews and articles to newspapers. His wife Isabel Fonseca released her debut novel ''Attachment'' in 2009 and two of Amis's children, his son Louis and his daughter Fernanda, have also been published in their own right in ''[[Standpoint (magazine)|Standpoint]]'' magazine and ''[[The Guardian]]'', respectively.<ref>[http://www.martinamisweb.com/days.shtml The Martin Amis Web]</ref>

==Current life==
Amis returned to Britain in September 2006 after living in [[Uruguay]] for two and a half years with his second wife, the writer [[Isabel Fonseca]], and their two young daughters. Amis became a grandfather in 2008 when his daughter Delilah gave birth to a son.<ref name="Topping200702">{{cite news|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,2013359,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=10| title=Students, meet your new tutor: Amis, the enfant terrible, turns professor|author=Alexandra Topping|date=15 February 2007|accessdate=23 February 2007 | work=The Guardian | location=London}}</ref>
He said, "Some strange things have happened, it seems to me, in my absence. I didn't feel like I was getting more rightwing when I was in Uruguay, but when I got back I felt that I had moved quite a distance to the right while staying in the same place." He reports that he is disquieted by what he sees as increasingly undisguised hostility towards Israel and the United States.<ref name="Topping200702"/>

In late 2010 Amis bought a property in the [[Cobble Hill]] area of [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]], although it is unclear whether he will be permanently moving to New York or just maintaining another "sock" there.<ref>Kusisto, Laura (16 December 2010). [http://www.observer.com/2010/real-estate/martin-amis-brooklyn-bound "Brit to Brobo! Martin Amis Buys in Cobble Hill"], ''The New York Observer''.</ref>
In 2012, Amis wrote in [[The New Republic]] that he was "moving house" from Camden Town in London to Cobble Hill.<ref>Amis, Martin (23 August 2012). [http://www.tnr.com/article/magazine/politics/105714/martin-amis-hes-leaving-home "He's Leaving Home"], ''The New Republic''. Retrieved 6 August 2012.</ref>

===Political opinions===
[[Image:Martin Amis and Ian Buruma on Monsters.jpg|right|thumb|220px|A conversation between Martin Amis and [[Ian Buruma]] on "Monsters" at the 2007 ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' Festival.<ref>{{cite video |people=Martin Amis, [[Ian Buruma]] |title=Monsters |date=5 October 2007 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/video/festival/2007/AmisBuruma |format=flash |medium=Conversation |publisher=[[The New Yorker]] |location=New York City |accessdate=8 March 2008}}</ref>]]

Through the 1980s and 1990s, Amis was a strong critic of [[nuclear proliferation]]. His collection of five stories on this theme, ''Einstein's Monsters'', began with a long essay entitled "Thinkability" in which he set out his views on the issue, writing: "[[Nuclear weapon]]s repel all thought, perhaps because they can end all thought."

He wrote in "Nuclear City" in ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' of 1987 (re-published in ''Visiting Mrs Nabokov'') that: "when nuclear weapons become real to you, when they stop buzzing around your ears and actually move into your head, hardly an hour passes without some throb or flash, some heavy pulse of imagined supercatastrophe".

Amis expressed his opinions on terrorism in an extended essay published in ''[[The Observer]]'' on the eve of the fifth anniversary of [[11 September 2001 attacks|9/11]] in which he criticized the economic development of all Arab countries because their "aggregate GDP...was less than the GDP of [[Spain]]", and they "lag[ged] behind the West, and the Far East, in every index of industrial and manufacturing output, job creation, technology, literacy, life-expectancy, human development, and intellectual vitality."<ref name=horrorism2006>Amis, Martin (23 February 2007). [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,,1868839,00.html "The Age of Horrorism"], ''The Observer''.</ref>

The Catholic-Marxist critic [[Terry Eagleton]], in the 2007 introduction to his work ''Ideology'', singled out and attacked Amis for a particular quote (which Eagleton mistakenly attributed to one of Amis's essays),{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} taken the day after the [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot]] came to light, in an informal interview in ''The Times Magazine''. Amis was quoted as saying: "What can we do to raise the price of them doing this? There’s a definite urge – don’t you have it? – to say, ‘The Muslim community will have to suffer until it gets its house in order.’ What sort of suffering? Not letting them travel. Deportation – further down the road. Curtailing of freedoms. Strip-searching people who look like they’re from the Middle East or from Pakistan… Discriminatory stuff, until it hurts the whole community and they start getting tough with their children...It’s a huge dereliction on their part".<ref>
[http://www.ginnydougary.co.uk/2006/09/17/the-voice-of-experience/ Martin Amis interviewed by Ginny Dougary], originally published in ''The Times Magazine'', 9 September 2006</ref> Eagleton wrote that this view is "[n]ot the ramblings of a [[British National Party]] thug, [...] but the reflections of Martin Amis, leading luminary of the English metropolitan literary world".

In a highly critical article in the ''Guardian'' "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/nov/25/bookscomment.religion The absurd world of Martin Amis]" satirist [[Chris Morris (satirist)|Chris Morris]] likened Amis to the Muslim cleric [[Abu Hamza al-Masri|Abu Hamza]] (who was jailed for [[inciting racial hatred]] in 2006), suggesting that both men employ "mock erudition, vitriol and decontextualised quotes from the Qu'ran" to incite hatred.<ref>{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Chris |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/nov/25/bookscomment.religion |title=The absurd world of Martin Amis |publisher=The Observer |date=25 November 2007 |accessdate=22 June 2008 |quote=Last week Amis was called a racist. I saw him speak at the ICA last month. Was his negativity about Islam technically racist? I don't know. What I can tell you is that Martin Amis is the new Abu Hamza. […] Like Hamza, Amis could only make his nonsense stand up with mock erudition, vitriol and decontextualised quotes from the Koran. | location=London}}</ref>

In a later piece, Eagleton added: "But there is something rather stomach-churning at the sight of those such as Amis and his political allies, champions of a civilisation that for centuries has wreaked untold carnage throughout the world, shrieking for illegal measures when they find themselves for the first time on the sticky end of the same treatment."<ref>Eagleton, Terry. "Rebuking obnoxious views is not just a personality kink", ''The Guardian'', Wednesday 10 October 2007</ref>

Elsewhere, Amis was especially careful to distinguish between Islam and radical Islamism, stating that:

{{cquote|"We can begin by saying, not only that we respect Muhammad, but that no serious person could fail to respect Muhammad - a unique and luminous historical being...Judged by the continuities he was able to set in motion, Muhammad has strong claims to being the most extraordinary man who ever lived...To repeat, we respect Islam - the donor of countless benefits to mankind...But Islamism? No, we can hardly be asked to respect a creedal wave that calls for our own elimination...Naturally we respect Islam. But we do not respect Islamism, just as we respect Muhammad and do not respect Muhammad Atta."<ref name="No Racist">Martin Amis.[http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2007/dec/01/race.islam "No, I am not a racist"], ''The Guardian'', 1 December 2007</ref>}}

A prominent British Muslim, [[Yasmin Alibhai-Brown]], wrote an op-ed piece on the subject condemning Amis and he responded with an open letter to ''[[The Independent]]'' which the newspaper printed in full. In it, he stated his views had been misrepresented by both Alibhai-Brown and Eagleton.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson |first=Michael |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article3052346.ece |title="Amis launches scathing response to accusations of Islamophobia" - Home News, UK - Independent.co.uk |publisher=News.independent.co.uk |date= 12 October 2007|accessdate=8 December 2008 | location=London}}</ref>
In an article in The Guardian, Amis subsequently wrote:

{{cquote|And now I feel that this was the only serious deprivation of my childhood - the awful human colourlessness of South Wales, the dully flickering whites and grays, like a [[Pathé]] newsreel, like an ethnic [[Great Depression]]. In common with all novelists, I live for and am addicted to physical variety; and my one quarrel with the rainbow is that its spectrum isn't wide enough. I would like London to be full of upstanding Martians and Neptunians, of reputable citizens who came, originally, from [[Krypton (comics)|Krypton]] and [[Tralfamadore]].<ref name="No Racist"/>}}

On terrorism, Martin Amis wrote that he suspected "there exists on our planet a kind of human being who will become a Muslim in order to pursue suicide-mass murder", and added: "I will never forget the look on the gatekeeper's face, at the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, when I suggested, perhaps rather airily, that he skip some calendric prohibition and let me in anyway. His expression, previously cordial and cold, became a mask; and the mask was saying that killing me, my wife, and my children was something for which he now had warrant."<ref name=horrorism2006/>

In comments on the BBC in October 2006 Amis expressed his view that [[North Korea]] was the most dangerous of the two remaining members of the [[Axis Of Evil]], but that [[Iran]] was our "natural enemy", suggesting that we should not feel bad about having "helped Iraq scrape a draw with Iran" in the [[Iran–Iraq War]], because a "revolutionary and rampant Iran would have been a much more destabilising presence."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_week/6088700.stm| title=Martin Amis - Take Of The Week|publisher=BBC|date=26 October 2006|accessdate=23 February 2007}}</ref>

His views on radical [[Islamism]] earned him the contentious sobriquet [[Blitcon]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200612110045|title=Welcome to Planet Blitcon|author=[[Ziauddin Sardar]]|date=11 December 2006|accessdate=23 February 2007}}</ref> from the ''[[New Statesman]]'' (his former employer). This term, it has since been argued, was wrongly applied.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/robert_mccrum/2006/12/post_764.html| title=Planet Blitcon? It doesn't exist|publisher=''The Guardian''|author=Robert McCrum|date=7 December 2006|accessdate=24 February 2007 | location=London}}</ref>

His political opinions have been attacked in some quarters, particularly in ''The Guardian''.<ref>{{cite news | first=Ronan | last=Bennett | author-link = Ronan Bennett | title=Shame on us | date=19 November 2007 | publisher= | url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2213285,00.html | work =[[Guardian Unlimited]] | accessdate =3 January 2008 | location=London}}
</ref> He has received support from many other writers. In ''[[The Spectator]]'', Philip Hensher noted:

{{cquote|"The controversy raised by Amis’s views on religion as specifically embodied by Islamists is an empty one. He will tell you that his loathing is limited to Islamists, not even to Islam and certainly not to the ethnic groups concerned. The point, I think, is demonstrated, and the openness with which he has been willing to think out loud could usefully be emulated by political figures, addicted as they are to weasel words and double talk. I have to say that from non-practising Muslims I’ve heard language and opinions on Islamists which are far less temperate than anything Amis uses. In comparison to the private expressions of voices of modernity within Muslim societies, Amis is almost exaggeratedly respectful."<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip |last=Hensher |author-link=Philip Hensher |title=Defender, though not of the faith |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/print/the-magazine/books/451411/defender-though-not-of-the-faith.thtml | work=[[The Spectator]] |date=Wednesday, 16 Jan 2008
}}</ref>}}

In June 2008 Amis endorsed the presidential candidacy of [[Barack Obama]], stating that "The reason I hope for Obama is that he alone has the chance to reposition America's image in the world".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/this_week/7533252.stm Martin Amis on Barack Obama]. BBC1, This Week, 30 July 2008.</ref>

===Agnosticism===
In 2006 Amis said that "agnostic is the only respectable position, simply because our ignorance of the universe is so vast" that atheism is "premature". Clearly, "there's not going to be any kind of anthropomorphic entity at all", but the universe is "so incredibly complicated", "so over our heads", that we cannot exclude the existence of "an intelligence" behind it.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/faithandreason106_print.html Bill Moyers and Martin Amis and Margaret Atwood]. ''[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]'', 28 July 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2010.</ref>

In 2010 he said: "I'm an agnostic, which is the only rational position. It's not because I feel a God or think that anything resembling the banal God of religion will turn up. But I think that atheism sounds like a proof of something, and it's incredibly evident that we are nowhere near intelligent enough to understand the universe...Writers are above all [[individualist]]s, and above all writing is freedom, so they will go off in all sorts of directions. I think it does apply to the debate about religion, in that it's a crabbed novelist who pulls the shutters down and says, there's no other thing. Don't use the word God: but something more intelligent than us... If we can't understand it, then it's formidable. And we understand very little."<ref>Tom Chatfield (1 February 2010). [http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/02/martin-amis/ "Martin Amis: The Prospect Interview"], ''Prospect''. Retrieved 20 March 2010.</ref>

===Recent employment===
In February 2007, Martin Amis was appointed as a Professor of Creative Writing at ''The [[Manchester Centre for New Writing]]'' in the [[University of Manchester]], and started in September 2007. He ran postgraduate seminars, and participated in four public events each year, including a two-week summer school.<ref name="Topping200702"/>

Of his position, he said: "I may be acerbic in how I write but...I would find it very difficult to say cruel things to [students] in such a vulnerable position. I imagine I'll be surprisingly sweet and gentle with them."<ref name="Topping200702"/> He predicted that the experience might inspire him to write a new book, while adding sardonically: "A campus novel written by an elderly novelist, that's what the world wants."<ref name="Topping200702"/> It was revealed that the salary paid to Amis by the university was £80,000 a year.<ref>Yakub Qureshi, [http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1033752_3000_an_hour_for_amis £3,000 an hour for Amis], ''Manchester Evening News'', 25 January 2008; [http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/news/story/0,,2247232,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront Amis the £3k-an-hour professor], ''Guardian'', 26 January 2008.</ref> The ''[[Manchester Evening News]]'' broke the story claiming that according to his contract this meant he was paid £3000 an hour for 28 hours a year teaching. The claim was echoed in headlines in several national papers. As with any other member of academic staff, his teaching contact hours constituted a minority of his commitments, a point confirmed in the original article by a reply from the University.<ref>Yakub Qureshi, [http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1033752_3000_an_hour_for_amis op. cit.], ''Manchester Evening News'', 25 January 2008.</ref> In January 2011, it was announced that he would be stepping down from his university position at the end of the current academic year.<ref>Jonathan Brown (22 January 2011). [http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/amis-writes-off-star-lecturer-job-2191257.html "Amis writes off star lecturer job"], ''The Independent''.</ref>

From October 2007 to July 2011, at Manchester University's [[Whitworth Hall]] or at the Cosmo Rodewald Concert Hall, Martin Amis regularly engaged in public discussions with other experts on literature and various topics ([[21st century in literature|21st‑century literature]], [[terrorism]], religion, [[Philip Larkin]], science, [[Britishness]], [[suicide]], sex, [[ageing]], his 2010 novel ''The Pregnant Widow'', violence, film, the [[short story]], and America).<ref>[http://www.martinamisweb.com/events.shtml Martin Amis Public Events]</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{wikiquote}}

===Novels===
*''[[The Rachel Papers (novel)|The Rachel Papers]]'' (1973)
*''[[Dead Babies (novel)|Dead Babies]]'' (1975)
*''[[Success (novel)|Success]]'' (1978)
*''[[Other People]]'' (1981)
*''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'' (1984)
*''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'' (1989)
*''[[Time's Arrow (novel)|Time's Arrow: Or the Nature of the Offence]]'' (1991)
*''[[The Information (novel)|The Information]]'' (1995)
*''[[Night Train (novel)|Night Train]]'' (1997)
*''[[Yellow Dog (novel)|Yellow Dog]]'' (2003)
*''[[House of Meetings]]'' (2006)
*''[[The Pregnant Widow]]'' (2010)
*''[[Lionel Asbo: State of England]]'' (2012)

===Collections===
*''[[Einstein's Monsters]]'' (1987)
*''[[Two Stories]]'' (1994)
*''God's Dice'' (1995)
*''[[Heavy Water and Other Stories]]'' (1998)
*''Amis Omnibus'' (omnibus) (1999)
*''The Fiction of Martin Amis'' (2000)
*''Vintage Amis'' (2004)

===Non fiction===
*''Invasion of the Space Invaders'' (1982)
*''[[The Moronic Inferno: And Other Visits to America]]'' (1986)
*''[[Visiting Mrs Nabokov: And Other Excursions]]'' (1993)
*''[[Experience (book)|Experience]]'' (2000)
*''[[The War Against Cliché]]: Essays and Reviews 1971-2000'' (2001)
*''[[Koba the Dread: Laughter and the Twenty Million]]'' (2002) (about [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Russian History]])
*''[[The Second Plane]]'' (2008)

==Further Reading==
* Bentley, Nick, ''Martin Amis (Writers and Their Work)'', Northcote House Publishing Ltd., 2013 [forthcoming]
* Diedrick, James, ''Understanding Martin Amis (Understanding Contemporary British Literature)'', University of South Carolina Press, 2004
* Finney, Brian, ''Martin Amis (Routledge Guides to Literature)'', Routledge, 2008
* Keulks, Gavin, ''Father and Son: Kingsley Amis, Martin Amis, and the British Novel Since 1950'', University of Wisconsin Press, 2005
* Keulks, Gavin (ed.), ''Martin Amis: Postmodernism and Beyond'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2006
* Tredall, Nicolas, ''The Fiction of Martin Amis (Readers' Guides to Essential Criticism)'', Palgrave Macmilla, 2000

==References==


{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== 
{{wikiquote}}
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n50-21590}}

;Comprehensive information and hubs
*[http://www.martinamisweb.com/ The Martin Amis Web] (administered by Prof. Gavin Keulks)
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/authors/author/0,5917,-4,00.html Martin Amis] - Author Page ([http://books.guardian.co.uk Guardian Books])
*[http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/05/28/specials/amis.html Martin Amis], ''The New York Times'': Reviews of Martin Amis's earlier books; articles about and by Martin Amis
*{{contemporary writers|id=7}}
*[http://www.pwf.cz/en/authors-archive/martin-amis/ Martin Amis]: Bio, excerpts, interviews and articles in the archives of the [[Prague Writers' Festival]]
*{{iblist name|id=460|name=Martin Amis}}
*[http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/martinharriscentre/mhceventspage.php?eventid=626 Martin Amis Events at The Centre for New Writing, University of Manchester]

;Sample works and articles by Amis
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2099-1458940,00.html Authors in the front line]: Martin Amis, The Sunday Times Magazine, 6 February 2005 – On the streets of Colombia, young boys cripple or murder each other just for showing disrespect or for winning at a game of cards. Is the taste for violence opening up a wound that can never heal? Report: Martin Amis – In The Sunday Times Magazine's continuing series of articles, renowned writers bring a fresh perspective to the world's trouble spots. The international medical-aid organisation [[Médecins Sans Frontières|MSF]] has helped our correspondents reach some of these inhospitable areas.
*[http://www.randomhouse.com/boldtype/0299/amis/sstory1.html ''CareerMove''] - A complete short story by Amis.
*[http://www.granta.com/Magazine/100/The-Unknown-Known/page-1 The Unknown Known] - A satire on fundamentalism in this extract from an unpublished manuscript by Amis. NOTE: Requires subscription to Granta to access.
*[http://byliner.com/writers/martin-amis Martin Amis articles at Byliner]

;Interviews
* {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1156/the-art-of-fiction-no-151-martin-amis| title=Martin Amis, The Art of Fiction No. 151| work=Paris Review| date=Spring 1998| author= Francesca Riviere }}
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36420-2003Oct29.html Transcript] of online web discussion (2002)
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15461620/site/newsweek/ Goading the Enemy] an interview with Amis by [[Silvia Spring]] for [[Newsweek International]] regarding terrorism. (11/6/2006)
*[http://www.kcrw.com/etc/programs/bw/bw920608martin_amis/media_player_archives?action=listen Martin Amis interviewed] by Michael Silverblatt on ''Bookworm''
*[http://www.lrbshop.co.uk/pages.php?pageid=2 Discussion between Martin Amis and Zachary Leader about Kingsley Amis]
*[http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/02/martin-amis/ Martin Amis in conversation] with Tom Chatfield for [[Prospect Magazine]], January 2010, including controversial comments on JM Coetzee

;Reviews
* [http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/money-and-pornography/ '''Money'' and Pornography'], a review of the role of pornography in Amis' novels, from ''Money'' to ''Yellow Dog'', in the ''[[Oxonian Review]]''
''Note: for reviews of an individual work, please see its article.''

;Amis and "Islamism"
*[http://www.ginnydougary.co.uk/2006/09/17/the-voice-of-experience/ Martin Amis interviewed by Ginny Dougary] (2006)
**This is the interview in which Amis gives the response that began the controversy.
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2213285,00.html Shame on Us]
*[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2216595,00.html The Absurd World of Martin Amis] by [[Chris Morris (satirist)|Chris Morris]]
*[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3363824.ece "Martin Amis and the boredom of terror"]: an article in the [http://www.the-tls.co.uk TLS] by Marjorie Perloff, 13 February 2008

;Community
*[http://amisdiscussion.hosted-forum.com/ The Martin Amis Discussion Board]

;Media
*[http://abc.net.au/reslib/podcast/lateline/20061101-late-amis_video4.wmv Martin Amis interviewed] [[Windows Media Video]] by Tony Jones on [[Lateline]] (11 January 2006)
*[http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/11163 A Discussion with Charlie Rose] about his book "The Pregnant Widow," his career, and his friend and fellow author [[Christopher Hitchens]]

;Other
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/magazine/22amises.t.html?_r=1&oref=slogin The Amis Inheritance] – Profile on Martin and Kingsley Amis from ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'' (22 April 2007).
*[http://pokerdb.thehendonmob.com/player.php?a=r&n=28111 Hendon Mob Poker Tournament Results]

{{Martin Amis}}

{{Authority control|PND=119332183|LCCN=n/50/21590|VIAF=36913662|SELIBR=231296}}


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[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Manchester]]
[[Category:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Amis family|Martin]]
[[Category:English agnostics]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:English science fiction writers]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:People educated at Bishop Gore School]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:People from Swansea]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

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Martin Amis

2012-10-09T22:39:52Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Martin Amis
|image = Martin Amis 2012 by Maximilian Schoenherr.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|alt = photograph
|caption = Martin Amis in 2012
|birth_name =Martin Louis Amis
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|8|25|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Swansea]], Wales, United Kingdom<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/>
|residence =
|nationality = British
|education = MA (Oxon)
|alma_mater = [[Exeter College, Oxford]]
|years_active =
|notable_works = ''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'' (1984), ''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'' (1989)
|style =
|influences = [[Saul Bellow]], [[Vladimir Nabokov]], [[James Joyce]]<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/>
|home_town =
|spouse = Antonia Phillips (1984–1993); [[Isabel Fonseca]] (1996–present)
|children = Delilah (1976), Louis (1985), Jacob (1986), Fernanda (1996), Clio (1999)
|parents = [[Kingsley Amis]] (father), Hilary Ann Bardwell (mother)
|relations = Philip Amis (brother), [[Sally Amis]] (sister)
|callsign =
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}}
'''Martin Louis Amis''' (25 August 1949) is a British novelist. His best-known novels are ''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'' (1984) and ''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'' (1989). He was the Professor of [[Creative Writing]] at the Centre for New Writing at the [[University of Manchester]] until 2011.<ref name=colm_toibin_takes_over>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/jan/26/colm-toibin-teaching-martin-amis|title=Colm Tóibín takes over teaching job from Martin Amis|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Benedicte|last=Page|date=26 January 2011}}</ref> ''[[The Times]]'' named him in 2008 as one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece The 50 greatest British writers since 1945]. ''The Times'', 5 January 2008, (subscription only).</ref>

Amis's raw material is what he sees as the [[Absurdism|absurdity]] of the [[Postmodernism|postmodern]] condition and the excesses of late-capitalist Western society with its grotesque [[caricature]]s. He has thus been portrayed as the undisputed master of what the ''[[New York Times]]'' called "the new unpleasantness".<ref name=Stout>Stout, Mira. [http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/02/01/home/amis-stout.html "Martin Amis: Down London's mean streets"], ''New York Times'', 4 February 1990.</ref> Influenced by [[Saul Bellow]], [[Vladimir Nabokov]], and [[James Joyce]], as well as by his father, [[Kingsley Amis]], he has inspired a generation of writers with his distinctive style, including [[Will Self]] and [[Zadie Smith]]. ''[[The Guardian]]'' writes that his critics have noted what Kingsley Amis called a "terrible compulsive vividness in his style...that constant demonstrating of his command of English," and that the "Amis-ness of Amis will be recognisable in any piece before he reaches his first [[full stop]]".<ref name=Guardianbooksbio>[http://books.guardian.co.uk/authors/author/0,5917,-4,00.html "Martin Amis"], ''The Guardian'', 22 July 2008.</ref>

==Early life==
Amis was born in [[Swansea]], South Wales.<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/> His father, Sir Kingsley Amis, was the son of a [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]] manufacturer's clerk from [[Clapham]], London; his mother, Hilary "Hilly" Bardwell, was the daughter of a [[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|Ministry of Agriculture]] civil servant.<ref name=Stout/> He has an older brother, Philip, and his younger sister, [[Sally Amis|Sally]], died in 2000. His parents divorced when he was twelve.

He attended a number of schools in the 1950s and 1960s—including the [[Bishop Gore School]] (Swansea Grammar School), and [[Cambridgeshire High School for Boys]]—where he was described by one headmaster as "unusually unpromising".<ref name=Guardianbooksbio/> The acclaim that followed his father's first novel ''[[Lucky Jim]]'' sent the family to [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]], where his father lectured.

In 1965, at age 15, he played John Thornton in the film version of [[Richard Hughes (writer)|Richard Hughes']] ''[[A High Wind in Jamaica (film)|A High Wind in Jamaica]]''.

He read nothing but [[comic book]]s until his stepmother, the novelist [[Elizabeth Jane Howard]], introduced him to [[Jane Austen]], whom he often names as his earliest influence. After teenage years spent in flowery shirts and a short spell at [[Westminster School]] while living in [[Hampstead]], he graduated from [[Exeter College, Oxford]] with a "Congratulatory" [[British undergraduate degree classification#First-class honours|First]] in [[English literature|English]] — "the sort where you are called in for a [[thesis committee|viva]] and the examiners tell you how much they enjoyed reading your papers."<ref name=Zachary614>Leader, Zachary (2006). ''The Life of Kingsley Amis''. Cape, p. 614.</ref>

After Oxford, he found an entry-level job at ''The Times Literary Supplement'', and at age 27 became literary editor of the ''[[New Statesman]]'', where he met [[Christopher Hitchens]], then a feature writer for ''[[The Observer]]'', who remained a close friend until Hitchens's death in 2011.

==Early writing==
According to Martin, Kingsley Amis famously showed no interest in his son's work. "I can point out the exact place where he stopped and sent ''Money'' twirling through the air; that's where the character named Martin Amis comes in." "Breaking the rules, buggering about with the reader, drawing attention to himself," Kingsley complained.<ref name=Stout/>

His first novel ''[[The Rachel Papers (novel)|The Rachel Papers]]'' (1973) won the [[Somerset Maugham Award]]. The most traditional of his novels, made into an unsuccessful cult [[The Rachel Papers|film]], it tells the story of a bright, egotistical teenager (which Amis acknowledges as autobiographical) and his relationship with the eponymous girlfriend in the year before going to university.

He also wrote the screenplay for the film ''[[Saturn 3]]'', an experience which he was to draw on for his fifth novel ''Money''.

''[[Dead Babies (novel)|Dead Babies]]'' (1975), more flippant in tone, chronicles a few days in the lives of some friends who convene in a country house to take drugs. A number of Amis's characteristics show up here for the first time: mordant black humour, obsession with the [[zeitgeist]], authorial intervention, a character subjected to sadistically humorous misfortunes and humiliations, and a defiant casualness ("my attitude has been, I don't know much about science, but I know what I like"). [[Dead Babies (film)|A film adaptation]] was made in 2000.

''[[Success (novel)|Success]]'' (1977) told the story of two foster-brothers, Gregory Riding and Terry Service, and their rising and falling fortunes. This was the first example of Amis's fondness for symbolically "pairing" characters in his novels, which has been a recurrent feature in his fiction since (Martin Amis and Martina Twain in ''Money'', Richard Tull and Gwyn Barry in ''The Information'', and Jennifer Rockwell and Mike Hoolihan in ''Night Train'').

''Other People: A Mystery Story'' (1981), about a young woman coming out of a [[coma]], was a transitional novel in that it was the first of Amis's to show authorial intervention in the [[Narrative mode|narrative voice]], and highly artificed language in the heroine's descriptions of everyday objects, which was said to be influenced by his contemporary [[Craig Raine]]'s "Martian" school of poetry.

==Main career==
===1980s and 1990s===
Amis's best-known novels are ''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'', ''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'', and ''[[The Information (novel)|The Information]]'', commonly referred to as his "London Trilogy."<ref>Stringer, Jenny. [http://books.google.com/books?id=5Vr1RWniW_YC&pg=PA18&dq=%22london+trilogy%22+amis&hl=en&ei=VGCmS-iMJcKVtgfU0OSCCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22london%20trilogy%22%20amis&f=false Martin Amis], ''The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century Literature in English''. Oxford University Press 1996.</ref> Although the books share little in terms of plot and narrative, they all examine the lives of middle-aged men, exploring the sordid, debauched, and post-apocalyptic undercurrents of life in late 20th-century Britain. Amis's London [[protagonist]]s are [[anti-hero]]es: they engage in questionable behaviour, are passionate [[iconoclast]]s, and strive to escape the apparent banality and futility of their lives.

''Money'' (1984, subtitled ''A Suicide Note'') is a first-person narrative by John Self, advertising man and would-be film director, who is "addicted to the twentieth century". "[A] satire of Thatcherite amorality and greed,"<ref>[http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth7 "Martin Amis"], British Council: Contemporary Writers. Retrieved 24 January 2009</ref> the novel relates a series of black comedic episodes as Self flies back and forth across the Atlantic, in crass and seemingly chaotic pursuit of personal and professional success. ''[[Time Magazine|Time]]'' included the novel in its list of the 100 best English-language novels of 1923 to 2005.<ref>[[Lev Grossman]] and Richard Lacayo.[http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/the_complete_list.html "All Time 100 Novels"]</ref> On 11 November 2009, ''The Guardian'' reported that the BBC had adapted ''Money'' for television as part of their early 2010 schedule for BBC 2.<ref
name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/nov/11/nick-frost-bbc2-martin-amis-money | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Nick Frost to star in BBC2 adaptation of Martin Amis's Money | first=John | last=Plunkett | date=11 November 2009 | accessdate=27 March 2010}}</ref> [[Nick Frost]] played John Self.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> The television adaptation also featured [[Vincent Kartheiser]], [[Emma Pierson]] and [[Jerry Hall]].<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> The adaptation was a "two-part drama" and was written by Tom Butterworth and Chris Hurford.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> After the transmission of the first of the two parts, Amis was quick to praise the adaptation, stating that "All the performances (were) without weak spots. I thought Nick Frost was absolutely extraordinary as John Self. He fills the character. It's a very unusual performance in that he's very funny, he's physically comic, but he's also strangely graceful, a pleasure to watch...It looked very expensive even though it wasn't and that's a feat...The earlier script I saw was disappointing (but) they took it back and worked on it and it's hugely improved. My advice was to use more of the language of the novel, the dialogue, rather than making it up."<ref>Catriona Wightman (25 May 2010). [http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a221753/martin-amis-praises-money-adaptation.html?rss "Martin Amis praises ''Money'' adaptation"], ''[[Digital Spy]]''.</ref>

''London Fields'' (1989), Amis's longest work, describes the encounters between three main characters in London in 1999, as a climate disaster approaches. The characters have typically Amisian names and broad caricatured qualities: Keith Talent, the lower-class crook with a passion for darts; Nicola Six, a [[femme fatale]] who is determined to be murdered; and upper-middle-class Guy Clinch, "the fool, the foil, the poor foal" who is destined to come between the other two. The book was controversially omitted from the Booker Prize shortlist in 1989, because two panel members, [[Maggie Gee (novelist)|Maggie Gee]] and Helen McNeil, disliked Amis's treatment of his female characters. "It was an incredible row", Martyn Goff, the Booker's director, told ''The Independent''. "Maggie and Helen felt that Amis treated women appallingly in the book. That is not to say they thought books which treated women badly couldn't be good, they simply felt that the author should make it clear he didn't favour or bless that sort of treatment. Really, there was only two of them and they should have been outnumbered as the other three were in agreement, but such was the sheer force of their argument and passion that they won. [[David Lodge (author)|David [Lodge]]] has told me he regrets it to this day, he feels he failed somehow by not saying, 'It's two against three, Martin's on the list'."<ref>Wynn-Jones, Ros. [http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/time-to-publish-and-be-damned-1239074.html Time to publish and be damned], ''The Independent'', 14 September 1997.</ref>

Amis's 1991 novel, the short ''[[Time's Arrow (novel)|Time's Arrow]]'', was shortlisted for the [[Man Booker Prize]]. Notable for its unique, backwards narrative - including dialogue in reverse - the novel is the autobiography of a [[Nazi concentration camp]] doctor. The unique reversal of time in the novel seemingly transforms Auschwitz - and the entire theatre of war - into a place of joy, healing, and resurrection.

''The Information'' (1995) was notable not so much for its critical success, but for the scandals surrounding its publication. The enormous advance (an alleged £500,000) demanded and subsequently obtained by Amis for the novel attracted what the author described as "an [[Eisteddfod]] of hostility" from writers and critics after he abandoned his long-serving agent, the late [[Pat Kavanagh (agent)|Pat Kavanagh]], in order to be represented by the Harvard-educated Andrew "The Jackal" Wylie.<ref>Begley, Adam (28 May 2000). [http://www.observer.com/node/42996 "All for a Liberace Smile? Amis in the Dentist's Chair"], ''The New York Observer''.</ref> The split was by no means amicable; it created a rift between Amis and his long-time friend, [[Julian Barnes]], who was married to Kavanagh. According to Amis's autobiography ''Experience'' (2000), he and Barnes had not resolved their differences.<ref>Amis, Martin, ''Experience'' (2000), pp. 247-249</ref> ''The Information'' itself deals with the relationship between a pair of British writers of fiction. One, a spectacularly successful purveyor of "[[airport novel]]s", is envied by his friend, an equally unsuccessful writer of philosophical and generally abstruse prose. The novel is written in the author's classic style: characters appearing as [[stereotype]]d caricatures, grotesque elaborations on the wickedness of middle age, and a general air of post-apocalyptic malaise.

Amis's 1997 offering, the short novel ''[[Night Train (novel)|Night Train]]'', is narrated by the mannish American Detective Mike Hoolihan. The story revolves around the suicide of her boss's young, beautiful and seemingly happy daughter. Like most of Amis's work, ''Night Train'' is dark, bleak, and foreboding, arguably a reflection of the author's views on America. Amis's distinctively American vernacular in the narrative was criticized by, among others, [[John Updike]], although the novel found defenders elsewhere, notably in Janis Bellow, wife of Amis's sometime mentor and friend, the late [[Saul Bellow]].<ref>Janis Freedman Bellow. [http://www.martinamisweb.com/pre_2006/jfntreview.htm "Second Thoughts on ''Night Train''], ''The Republic of Letters'', 4 May 1998: 25-29.</ref>

===2000s===
The 2000s were Amis's least productive decade in terms of full-length fiction since starting in the 1970s (two novels in ten years), while his non-fiction work saw a dramatic uptick in volume (three published works including a memoir, a hybrid of semi-memoir and amateur political history, and another journalism collection).

In 2000 Amis published a memoir called ''[[Experience (book)|Experience]]''. Largely concerned with the strange relationship between the author and his father, the novelist Kingsley Amis, the autobiography nevertheless deals with many facets of Amis's life. Of particular note is Amis's reunion with his daughter, Delilah Seale, resulting from an affair in the 1970s, whom he did not see until she was 19. Amis also discusses, at some length, the murder of his cousin [[Lucy Partington]] by [[Fred West]] when she was 21. The book was awarded the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for biography.

In 2002 Amis published ''[[Koba the Dread: Laughter and the Twenty Million|Koba the Dread]]'', a devastating history of the crimes of [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Joseph Stalin]], and their denial by many writers and academics in the West. The book precipitated a literary controversy for its approach to the material, and for its attack on Amis's long-time friend, [[Christopher Hitchens]]. Once a passionate and committed leftist, Hitchens' alleged sympathy for Stalin and communism was criticized by Amis. Although Hitchens wrote a vituperative response to the book in ''The Atlantic'', his friendship with Amis appears to have emerged unchanged: in response to a reporter's question, Amis responded "We never needed to make up. We had an adult exchange of views, mostly in print, and that was that (or, more exactly, that goes on being that). My friendship with the Hitch has always been perfectly cloudless. It is a love whose month is ever May."<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/people/profiles/article2154795.ece "Martin Amis: You Ask The Questions"], ''The Independent'', 15 January 2007.</ref>

In 2003 ''[[Yellow Dog (novel)|Yellow Dog]]'', Amis's first novel in six years, was published. The novel drew mixed reviews, and was most notably denounced by the novelist [[Tibor Fischer]]: "''Yellow Dog'' isn't bad as in not very good or slightly disappointing. It's not-knowing-where-to-look bad. I was reading my copy on [[London Underground|the Tube]] and I was terrified someone would look over my shoulder… It's like your favourite uncle being caught in a school playground, masturbating."<ref>Tibor Fischer (4 August 2003). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3594613/Someone-needs-to-have-a-word-with-Amis.html "Someone needs to have a word with Amis"], [[The Daily Telegraph]].</ref> Elsewhere, the book received mixed reviews, with some critics proclaiming the novel a return to form, but most considered the book to be a great disappointment.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Amis was unrepentant about the novel and its reaction, calling ''Yellow Dog'' "among my best three". He gave his own explanation
for the novel's critical failure, "No one wants to read a difficult literary novel or deal with a prose style which reminds them how thick they are. There's a push towards egalitarianism, making writing more chummy and interactive, instead of a higher voice, and that's what I go to literature for."<ref>[http://www.martinamisweb.com/interviews_files/muir_interview.pdf "Amis needs a drink"], [[The Times]], 13 September 2003, (subscription only).</ref> ''Yellow Dog'' "controversially made the 13-book longlist for the 2003 Booker Prize, despite some scathing reviews", but failed to win the award.<ref>Luke Leitch (16 September 2003). [http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-6732841-booker-snubs-amis-again.do "Booker snubs Amis, again"], ''Evening Standard''.</ref>

Following the harsh reviews afforded to ''Yellow Dog'', Amis relocated from London to [[Uruguay]] with his family for two years, during which time he worked on his next novel away from the glare and pressures of the London literary scene.

In September 2006, upon his return from Uruguay, Amis published his eleventh novel. ''House of Meetings'', a short work, continued the author's crusade against the crimes of Stalinism and also saw some consideration of the state of contemporary post-Soviet Russia. The novel centres on the relationship between two brothers incarcerated in a prototypical Siberian gulag who, prior to their deportation, had loved the same woman. ''[[House of Meetings]]'' saw some better critical notices than ''Yellow Dog'' had received three years before, but there were still some reviewers who felt that Amis's fiction work had considerably declined in quality while others felt that he was not suited to writing an ostensibly serious historical novel. Despite the praise for ''[[House of Meetings]]'', once again Amis was overlooked for the Booker Prize longlist. According to a piece in ''The Independent'', the novel "was originally to have been collected alongside two short stories - one, a disturbing account of the life of
a body-double in the court of [[Saddam Hussein]]; the other, the imagined final moments of Muhammad Atta, the leader of 11 September attacks - but late in the process, Amis decided to jettison both from the book."<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite news| url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/martin-amis-30-things-ive-learned-about-terror-418950.html | work=The Independent | location=London | title=Martin Amis: 30 things I've learned about terror | first=Alex | last=Bilmes | date=8 October 2006 | accessdate=12 May 2010}}</ref> In the same 2006 interview, Amis revealed that he had "recently abandoned a novella, The Unknown Known (the title was based on one of Donald Rumsfeld's characteristically strangulated linguistic formulations) in which Muslim terrorists unleash a horde of compulsive rapists on a town called [[Greeley, Colorado]]"<ref name="independent.co.uk"/> and instead continued to work on a follow-up full novel that he had started working on in 2003:<ref>Tom Chatfield (4 May 2009). [http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/2009/05/martinamisthereturnofthemaster/ "Martin Amis: will he return to form?"], ''Prospect''.</ref>

<blockquote>
"The novel I'm working on is blindingly autobiographical, but with an Islamic theme. It's called A Pregnant Widow, because at the end of a revolution you don't have a newborn child, you have a pregnant widow. And the pregnant widow in this novel is [[feminism]]. Which is still in its second trimester. The child is nowhere in sight yet. And I think it has several more convulsions to undergo before we'll see the child."<ref name="independent.co.uk"/>
</blockquote>

The new novel took some considerable time to write and was not published before the end of the decade. Instead, Amis's last published work of the 2000s was the 2008 journalism collection ''[[The Second Plane]]'', a collection with compiled Amis's many writings on the events of [[9/11]] and the subsequent major events and cultural issues resulting from the [[War on Terror]]. The reception to ''The Second Plane'' was decidedly mixed, with some reviewers finding its tone intelligent and well reasoned, while others believed it to be overly stylised and lacking in authoritative knowledge of key areas under consideration. The most common consensus was that the two short stories included were the weakest point of the collection. The collection sold relatively well and was widely discussed and debated.

===2010s===
In 2010, after a long period of writing, rewriting, editing and revision, Amis published his long-awaited new long novel, ''[[The Pregnant Widow]]'', which is concerned with the [[Sexual Revolution]]. Originally set for release in 2008, the novel's publication was pushed back as further editing and alterations were being made, expanding the novel to some 480pages. The title of the novel is based on a quote by [[Alexander Herzen]]:
<blockquote>
The death of the contemporary forms of social order ought to gladden rather than trouble the soul. Yet what is frightening is that what the departing world leaves behind it is not an heir but a pregnant widow. Between the death of the one and the birth of the other, much water will flow by, a long night of chaos and desolation will pass.
<ref>[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Pregnant-Widow-Martin-Amis/dp/0224076124 ''The Pregnant Widow'']</ref>
</blockquote>

The first public reading of the then just completed version of ''[[The Pregnant Widow]]'' occurred on 11 May 2009 as part of the Norwich and Norfolk festival.<ref name="writerscentrenorwich.org.uk">Katy Carr (11 May 2009). [http://www.writerscentrenorwich.org.uk/Content1161.aspx "Amis reads ''The Pregnant Widow'']</ref> At this reading, according to the coverage of the event for the Norwich Writers' Centre by Katy Carr, "the writing shows a return to comic form, as the narrator muses on the indignities of facing the mirror as an aging man, in a prelude to a story set in Italy in 1970, looking at the effect of the sexual revolution on personal relationships. The sexual revolution was the moment, as Amis sees it, that love became divorced from sex. He said he started to write the novel autobiographically (something that has been interesting the press recently), but then concluded that real life was too different from fiction, and difficult to drum into novel shape, so he had to rethink the form."<ref name="writerscentrenorwich.org.uk"/>

The story is set in a castle owned by a cheese tycoon in [[Campania]], Italy, where Keith Nearing, a 20-year-old English literature student; his girlfriend, Lily; and her friend, Scheherazade, are on holiday during the hot summer of 1970, the year that Amis says "something was changing in the world of men and women".<ref name=Long>Long, Camilla. [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article6996980.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1 Martin Amis and the sex war], ''The Times'', 24 January 2010.</ref><ref>Kemp, Peter. [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article7004587.ece The Pregnant Widow by Martin Amis], ''The Sunday Times'', 31 January 2010.</ref> The narrator is Keith's [[superego]], or conscience, in 2009. Keith's sister, Violet, is based on Amis's own sister, [[Sally Amis|Sally]], described by Amis as one of the revolution's most spectacular victims.<ref>Flood, Alison. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/nov/20/martin-amis-novel-feminists-sister Martin Amis says new novel will get him 'in trouble with the feminists'], ''The Guardian'', 20 November 2009.</ref>

Published in a whirl of publicity the likes of which Amis had not received for a novel since the publication of ''The Information'' in 1995, ''The Pregnant Widow'' once again saw Amis receiving mixed reviews from the press and sales being average at best. Despite a vast amount of coverage, some positive reviews, and a general expectation that Amis' time for recognition had come, the novel was overlooked for the 2010 Man [[Booker Prize]] long list (as were efforts by his contemporaries [[Ian McEwan]] and [[Salman Rushdie]]).

In 2012 Amis published ''[[Lionel Asbo: State of England]]''. The novel is centered on the lives of the immaculate Desmond Pepperdine and his uncle Lionel Asbo, a voracious [[Yobbo|yob]] and persistent convict. It is set against the fictional borough of Diston Town, a grotesque version of modern-day Britain under the reign of [[celebrity culture]], and follows the dramatic events in the lives of both characters: Desmond's gradual erudition and maturing; and Lionel's fantastic [[lottery]] win of approximately 140 million pounds. Much to the interest of the press, Amis based the character of Lionel Asbo's eventual girlfriend, the ambitious [[Glamour Model]] and poet "Threnody" ([[Quotation marks]] included), on the British [[celebrity]] [[Jordan_(Katie_Price)|Jordan]]. Reviews, once again, were largely mixed.

Amis is currently at work on a short novel concerning the [[Holocaust]], his second work of fiction to tackle the subject after ''[[Time's Arrow]]''.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/hay-festival/9282488/Hay-Festival-2012-Martin-Amis-over-60-and-under-appreciated.html</ref><ref>http://www.newstribune.com/news/2012/sep/14/amis-america-talk-british-author/</ref>

===Other works===
Amis has also released two collections of short stories (''[[Einstein's Monsters]]'' and ''[[Heavy Water and Other Stories|Heavy Water]]''), four volumes of collected journalism and criticism (''[[The Moronic Inferno: And Other Visits to America|The Moronic Inferno]]'', ''[[Visiting Mrs Nabokov: And Other Excursions|Visiting Mrs Nabokov]]'', ''[[The War Against Cliché]]'' and ''The Second Plane''), and a guide to 1980s space-themed arcade video-game machines which he has since disavowed<ref name="invaders">{{Cite web |url=http://www.themillions.com/2012/02/the-arcades-project-martin-amis-guide-to-classic-video-games.html |title=The Arcades Project: Martin Amis' Guide to Classic Video Games |last=O'Connell |first=Mark |date=16 February 2012 |accessdate=16 February 2012 |publisher=[[The Millions]]}}</ref> (''Invasion of the Space Invaders''). He also regularly appeared on television and radio discussion and debate programmes, and contributes book reviews and articles to newspapers. His wife Isabel Fonseca released her debut novel ''Attachment'' in 2009 and two of Amis's children, his son Louis and his daughter Fernanda, have also been published in their own right in ''[[Standpoint (magazine)|Standpoint]]'' magazine and ''[[The Guardian]]'', respectively.<ref>[http://www.martinamisweb.com/days.shtml The Martin Amis Web]</ref>

==Current life==
Amis returned to Britain in September 2006 after living in [[Uruguay]] for two and a half years with his second wife, the writer [[Isabel Fonseca]], and their two young daughters. Amis became a grandfather in 2008 when his daughter Delilah gave birth to a son.<ref name="Topping200702">{{cite news|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,2013359,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=10| title=Students, meet your new tutor: Amis, the enfant terrible, turns professor|author=Alexandra Topping|date=15 February 2007|accessdate=23 February 2007 | work=The Guardian | location=London}}</ref>
He said, "Some strange things have happened, it seems to me, in my absence. I didn't feel like I was getting more rightwing when I was in Uruguay, but when I got back I felt that I had moved quite a distance to the right while staying in the same place." He reports that he is disquieted by what he sees as increasingly undisguised hostility towards Israel and the United States.<ref name="Topping200702"/>

In late 2010 Amis bought a property in the [[Cobble Hill]] area of [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]], although it is unclear whether he will be permanently moving to New York or just maintaining another "sock" there.<ref>Kusisto, Laura (16 December 2010). [http://www.observer.com/2010/real-estate/martin-amis-brooklyn-bound "Brit to Brobo! Martin Amis Buys in Cobble Hill"], ''The New York Observer''.</ref>
In 2012, Amis wrote in [[The New Republic]] that he was "moving house" from Camden Town in London to Cobble Hill.<ref>Amis, Martin (23 August 2012). [http://www.tnr.com/article/magazine/politics/105714/martin-amis-hes-leaving-home "He's Leaving Home"], ''The New Republic''. Retrieved 6 August 2012.</ref>

===Political opinions===
[[Image:Martin Amis and Ian Buruma on Monsters.jpg|right|thumb|220px|A conversation between Martin Amis and [[Ian Buruma]] on "Monsters" at the 2007 ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' Festival.<ref>{{cite video |people=Martin Amis, [[Ian Buruma]] |title=Monsters |date=5 October 2007 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/video/festival/2007/AmisBuruma |format=flash |medium=Conversation |publisher=[[The New Yorker]] |location=New York City |accessdate=8 March 2008}}</ref>]]

Through the 1980s and 1990s, Amis was a strong critic of [[nuclear proliferation]]. His collection of five stories on this theme, ''Einstein's Monsters'', began with a long essay entitled "Thinkability" in which he set out his views on the issue, writing: "[[Nuclear weapon]]s repel all thought, perhaps because they can end all thought."

He wrote in "Nuclear City" in ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' of 1987 (re-published in ''Visiting Mrs Nabokov'') that: "when nuclear weapons become real to you, when they stop buzzing around your ears and actually move into your head, hardly an hour passes without some throb or flash, some heavy pulse of imagined supercatastrophe".

Amis expressed his opinions on terrorism in an extended essay published in ''[[The Observer]]'' on the eve of the fifth anniversary of [[11 September 2001 attacks|9/11]] in which he criticized the economic development of all Arab countries because their "aggregate GDP...was less than the GDP of [[Spain]]", and they "lag[ged] behind the West, and the Far East, in every index of industrial and manufacturing output, job creation, technology, literacy, life-expectancy, human development, and intellectual vitality."<ref name=horrorism2006>Amis, Martin (23 February 2007). [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,,1868839,00.html "The Age of Horrorism"], ''The Observer''.</ref>

The Catholic-Marxist critic [[Terry Eagleton]], in the 2007 introduction to his work ''Ideology'', singled out and attacked Amis for a particular quote (which Eagleton mistakenly attributed to one of Amis's essays),{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} taken the day after the [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot]] came to light, in an informal interview in ''The Times Magazine''. Amis was quoted as saying: "What can we do to raise the price of them doing this? There’s a definite urge – don’t you have it? – to say, ‘The Muslim community will have to suffer until it gets its house in order.’ What sort of suffering? Not letting them travel. Deportation – further down the road. Curtailing of freedoms. Strip-searching people who look like they’re from the Middle East or from Pakistan… Discriminatory stuff, until it hurts the whole community and they start getting tough with their children...It’s a huge dereliction on their part".<ref>
[http://www.ginnydougary.co.uk/2006/09/17/the-voice-of-experience/ Martin Amis interviewed by Ginny Dougary], originally published in ''The Times Magazine'', 9 September 2006</ref> Eagleton wrote that this view is "[n]ot the ramblings of a [[British National Party]] thug, [...] but the reflections of Martin Amis, leading luminary of the English metropolitan literary world".

In a highly critical article in the ''Guardian'' "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/nov/25/bookscomment.religion The absurd world of Martin Amis]" satirist [[Chris Morris (satirist)|Chris Morris]] likened Amis to the Muslim cleric [[Abu Hamza al-Masri|Abu Hamza]] (who was jailed for [[inciting racial hatred]] in 2006), suggesting that both men employ "mock erudition, vitriol and decontextualised quotes from the Qu'ran" to incite hatred.<ref>{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Chris |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/nov/25/bookscomment.religion |title=The absurd world of Martin Amis |publisher=The Observer |date=25 November 2007 |accessdate=22 June 2008 |quote=Last week Amis was called a racist. I saw him speak at the ICA last month. Was his negativity about Islam technically racist? I don't know. What I can tell you is that Martin Amis is the new Abu Hamza. […] Like Hamza, Amis could only make his nonsense stand up with mock erudition, vitriol and decontextualised quotes from the Koran. | location=London}}</ref>

In a later piece, Eagleton added: "But there is something rather stomach-churning at the sight of those such as Amis and his political allies, champions of a civilisation that for centuries has wreaked untold carnage throughout the world, shrieking for illegal measures when they find themselves for the first time on the sticky end of the same treatment."<ref>Eagleton, Terry. "Rebuking obnoxious views is not just a personality kink", ''The Guardian'', Wednesday 10 October 2007</ref>

Elsewhere, Amis was especially careful to distinguish between Islam and radical Islamism, stating that:

{{cquote|"We can begin by saying, not only that we respect Muhammad, but that no serious person could fail to respect Muhammad - a unique and luminous historical being...Judged by the continuities he was able to set in motion, Muhammad has strong claims to being the most extraordinary man who ever lived...To repeat, we respect Islam - the donor of countless benefits to mankind...But Islamism? No, we can hardly be asked to respect a creedal wave that calls for our own elimination...Naturally we respect Islam. But we do not respect Islamism, just as we respect Muhammad and do not respect Muhammad Atta."<ref name="No Racist">Martin Amis.[http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2007/dec/01/race.islam "No, I am not a racist"], ''The Guardian'', 1 December 2007</ref>}}

A prominent British Muslim, [[Yasmin Alibhai-Brown]], wrote an op-ed piece on the subject condemning Amis and he responded with an open letter to ''[[The Independent]]'' which the newspaper printed in full. In it, he stated his views had been misrepresented by both Alibhai-Brown and Eagleton.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson |first=Michael |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article3052346.ece |title="Amis launches scathing response to accusations of Islamophobia" - Home News, UK - Independent.co.uk |publisher=News.independent.co.uk |date= 12 October 2007|accessdate=8 December 2008 | location=London}}</ref>
In an article in The Guardian, Amis subsequently wrote:

{{cquote|And now I feel that this was the only serious deprivation of my childhood - the awful human colourlessness of South Wales, the dully flickering whites and grays, like a [[Pathé]] newsreel, like an ethnic [[Great Depression]]. In common with all novelists, I live for and am addicted to physical variety; and my one quarrel with the rainbow is that its spectrum isn't wide enough. I would like London to be full of upstanding Martians and Neptunians, of reputable citizens who came, originally, from [[Krypton (comics)|Krypton]] and [[Tralfamadore]].<ref name="No Racist"/>}}

On terrorism, Martin Amis wrote that he suspected "there exists on our planet a kind of human being who will become a Muslim in order to pursue suicide-mass murder", and added: "I will never forget the look on the gatekeeper's face, at the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, when I suggested, perhaps rather airily, that he skip some calendric prohibition and let me in anyway. His expression, previously cordial and cold, became a mask; and the mask was saying that killing me, my wife, and my children was something for which he now had warrant."<ref name=horrorism2006/>

In comments on the BBC in October 2006 Amis expressed his view that [[North Korea]] was the most dangerous of the two remaining members of the [[Axis Of Evil]], but that [[Iran]] was our "natural enemy", suggesting that we should not feel bad about having "helped Iraq scrape a draw with Iran" in the [[Iran–Iraq War]], because a "revolutionary and rampant Iran would have been a much more destabilising presence."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_week/6088700.stm| title=Martin Amis - Take Of The Week|publisher=BBC|date=26 October 2006|accessdate=23 February 2007}}</ref>

His views on radical [[Islamism]] earned him the contentious sobriquet [[Blitcon]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200612110045|title=Welcome to Planet Blitcon|author=[[Ziauddin Sardar]]|date=11 December 2006|accessdate=23 February 2007}}</ref> from the ''[[New Statesman]]'' (his former employer). This term, it has since been argued, was wrongly applied.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/robert_mccrum/2006/12/post_764.html| title=Planet Blitcon? It doesn't exist|publisher=''The Guardian''|author=Robert McCrum|date=7 December 2006|accessdate=24 February 2007 | location=London}}</ref>

His political opinions have been attacked in some quarters, particularly in ''The Guardian''.<ref>{{cite news | first=Ronan | last=Bennett | author-link = Ronan Bennett | title=Shame on us | date=19 November 2007 | publisher= | url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2213285,00.html | work =[[Guardian Unlimited]] | accessdate =3 January 2008 | location=London}}
</ref> He has received support from many other writers. In ''[[The Spectator]]'', Philip Hensher noted:

{{cquote|"The controversy raised by Amis’s views on religion as specifically embodied by Islamists is an empty one. He will tell you that his loathing is limited to Islamists, not even to Islam and certainly not to the ethnic groups concerned. The point, I think, is demonstrated, and the openness with which he has been willing to think out loud could usefully be emulated by political figures, addicted as they are to weasel words and double talk. I have to say that from non-practising Muslims I’ve heard language and opinions on Islamists which are far less temperate than anything Amis uses. In comparison to the private expressions of voices of modernity within Muslim societies, Amis is almost exaggeratedly respectful."<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip |last=Hensher |author-link=Philip Hensher |title=Defender, though not of the faith |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/print/the-magazine/books/451411/defender-though-not-of-the-faith.thtml | work=[[The Spectator]] |date=Wednesday, 16 Jan 2008
}}</ref>}}

In June 2008 Amis endorsed the presidential candidacy of [[Barack Obama]], stating that "The reason I hope for Obama is that he alone has the chance to reposition America's image in the world".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/this_week/7533252.stm Martin Amis on Barack Obama]. BBC1, This Week, 30 July 2008.</ref>

===Agnosticism===
In 2006 Amis said that "agnostic is the only respectable position, simply because our ignorance of the universe is so vast" that atheism is "premature". Clearly, "there's not going to be any kind of anthropomorphic entity at all", but the universe is "so incredibly complicated", "so over our heads", that we cannot exclude the existence of "an intelligence" behind it.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/faithandreason106_print.html Bill Moyers and Martin Amis and Margaret Atwood]. ''[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]'', 28 July 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2010.</ref>

In 2010 he said: "I'm an agnostic, which is the only rational position. It's not because I feel a God or think that anything resembling the banal God of religion will turn up. But I think that atheism sounds like a proof of something, and it's incredibly evident that we are nowhere near intelligent enough to understand the universe...Writers are above all [[individualist]]s, and above all writing is freedom, so they will go off in all sorts of directions. I think it does apply to the debate about religion, in that it's a crabbed novelist who pulls the shutters down and says, there's no other thing. Don't use the word God: but something more intelligent than us... If we can't understand it, then it's formidable. And we understand very little."<ref>Tom Chatfield (1 February 2010). [http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/02/martin-amis/ "Martin Amis: The Prospect Interview"], ''Prospect''. Retrieved 20 March 2010.</ref>

===Recent employment===
In February 2007, Martin Amis was appointed as a Professor of Creative Writing at ''The [[Manchester Centre for New Writing]]'' in the [[University of Manchester]], and started in September 2007. He ran postgraduate seminars, and participated in four public events each year, including a two-week summer school.<ref name="Topping200702"/>

Of his position, he said: "I may be acerbic in how I write but...I would find it very difficult to say cruel things to [students] in such a vulnerable position. I imagine I'll be surprisingly sweet and gentle with them."<ref name="Topping200702"/> He predicted that the experience might inspire him to write a new book, while adding sardonically: "A campus novel written by an elderly novelist, that's what the world wants."<ref name="Topping200702"/> It was revealed that the salary paid to Amis by the university was £80,000 a year.<ref>Yakub Qureshi, [http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1033752_3000_an_hour_for_amis £3,000 an hour for Amis], ''Manchester Evening News'', 25 January 2008; [http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/news/story/0,,2247232,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront Amis the £3k-an-hour professor], ''Guardian'', 26 January 2008.</ref> The ''[[Manchester Evening News]]'' broke the story claiming that according to his contract this meant he was paid £3000 an hour for 28 hours a year teaching. The claim was echoed in headlines in several national papers. As with any other member of academic staff, his teaching contact hours constituted a minority of his commitments, a point confirmed in the original article by a reply from the University.<ref>Yakub Qureshi, [http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1033752_3000_an_hour_for_amis op. cit.], ''Manchester Evening News'', 25 January 2008.</ref> In January 2011, it was announced that he would be stepping down from his university position at the end of the current academic year.<ref>Jonathan Brown (22 January 2011). [http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/amis-writes-off-star-lecturer-job-2191257.html "Amis writes off star lecturer job"], ''The Independent''.</ref>

From October 2007 to July 2011, at Manchester University's [[Whitworth Hall]] or at the Cosmo Rodewald Concert Hall, Martin Amis regularly engaged in public discussions with other experts on literature and various topics ([[21st century in literature|21st‑century literature]], [[terrorism]], religion, [[Philip Larkin]], science, [[Britishness]], [[suicide]], sex, [[ageing]], his 2010 novel ''The Pregnant Widow'', violence, film, the [[short story]], and America).<ref>[http://www.martinamisweb.com/events.shtml Martin Amis Public Events]</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{wikiquote}}

===Novels===
*''[[The Rachel Papers (novel)|The Rachel Papers]]'' (1973)
*''[[Dead Babies (novel)|Dead Babies]]'' (1975)
*''[[Success (novel)|Success]]'' (1978)
*''[[Other People]]'' (1981)
*''[[Money (novel)|Money]]'' (1984)
*''[[London Fields (novel)|London Fields]]'' (1989)
*''[[Time's Arrow (novel)|Time's Arrow: Or the Nature of the Offence]]'' (1991)
*''[[The Information (novel)|The Information]]'' (1995)
*''[[Night Train (novel)|Night Train]]'' (1997)
*''[[Yellow Dog (novel)|Yellow Dog]]'' (2003)
*''[[House of Meetings]]'' (2006)
*''[[The Pregnant Widow]]'' (2010)
*''[[Lionel Asbo: State of England]]'' (2012)

===Collections===
*''[[Einstein's Monsters]]'' (1987)
*''[[Two Stories]]'' (1994)
*''God's Dice'' (1995)
*''[[Heavy Water and Other Stories]]'' (1998)
*''Amis Omnibus'' (omnibus) (1999)
*''The Fiction of Martin Amis'' (2000)
*''Vintage Amis'' (2004)

===Non fiction===
*''Invasion of the Space Invaders'' (1982)
*''[[The Moronic Inferno: And Other Visits to America]]'' (1986)
*''[[Visiting Mrs Nabokov: And Other Excursions]]'' (1993)
*''[[Experience (book)|Experience]]'' (2000)
*''[[The War Against Cliché]]: Essays and Reviews 1971-2000'' (2001)
*''[[Koba the Dread: Laughter and the Twenty Million]]'' (2002) (about [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Russian History]])
*''[[The Second Plane]]'' (2008)

==Further Reading==
* Bentley, Nick, ''Martin Amis (Writers and Their Work)'', Northcote House Publishing Ltd., 2013 [forthcoming]
* Diedrick, James, ''Understanding Martin Amis (Understanding Contemporary British Literature)'', University of South Carolina Press, 2004
* Finney, Brian, ''Martin Amis (Routledge Guides to Literature)'', Routledge, 2008
* Keulks, Gavin, ''Father and Son: Kingsley Amis, Martin Amis, and the British Novel Since 1950'', University of Wisconsin Press, 2005
* Keulks, Gavin (ed.), ''Martin Amis: Postmodernism and Beyond'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2006
* Tredall, Nicolas, ''The Fiction of Martin Amis (Readers' Guides to Essential Criticism)'', Palgrave Macmilla, 2000

==References==


{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== 
{{wikiquote}}
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n50-21590}}

;Comprehensive information and hubs
*[http://www.martinamisweb.com/ The Martin Amis Web] (administered by Prof. Gavin Keulks)
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/authors/author/0,5917,-4,00.html Martin Amis] - Author Page ([http://books.guardian.co.uk Guardian Books])
*[http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/05/28/specials/amis.html Martin Amis], ''The New York Times'': Reviews of Martin Amis's earlier books; articles about and by Martin Amis
*{{contemporary writers|id=7}}
*[http://www.pwf.cz/en/authors-archive/martin-amis/ Martin Amis]: Bio, excerpts, interviews and articles in the archives of the [[Prague Writers' Festival]]
*{{iblist name|id=460|name=Martin Amis}}
*[http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/martinharriscentre/mhceventspage.php?eventid=626 Martin Amis Events at The Centre for New Writing, University of Manchester]

;Sample works and articles by Amis
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2099-1458940,00.html Authors in the front line]: Martin Amis, The Sunday Times Magazine, 6 February 2005 – On the streets of Colombia, young boys cripple or murder each other just for showing disrespect or for winning at a game of cards. Is the taste for violence opening up a wound that can never heal? Report: Martin Amis – In The Sunday Times Magazine's continuing series of articles, renowned writers bring a fresh perspective to the world's trouble spots. The international medical-aid organisation [[Médecins Sans Frontières|MSF]] has helped our correspondents reach some of these inhospitable areas.
*[http://www.randomhouse.com/boldtype/0299/amis/sstory1.html ''CareerMove''] - A complete short story by Amis.
*[http://www.granta.com/Magazine/100/The-Unknown-Known/page-1 The Unknown Known] - A satire on fundamentalism in this extract from an unpublished manuscript by Amis. NOTE: Requires subscription to Granta to access.
*[http://byliner.com/writers/martin-amis Martin Amis articles at Byliner]

;Interviews
* {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1156/the-art-of-fiction-no-151-martin-amis| title=Martin Amis, The Art of Fiction No. 151| work=Paris Review| date=Spring 1998| author= Francesca Riviere }}
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36420-2003Oct29.html Transcript] of online web discussion (2002)
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15461620/site/newsweek/ Goading the Enemy] an interview with Amis by [[Silvia Spring]] for [[Newsweek International]] regarding terrorism. (11/6/2006)
*[http://www.kcrw.com/etc/programs/bw/bw920608martin_amis/media_player_archives?action=listen Martin Amis interviewed] by Michael Silverblatt on ''Bookworm''
*[http://www.lrbshop.co.uk/pages.php?pageid=2 Discussion between Martin Amis and Zachary Leader about Kingsley Amis]
*[http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/02/martin-amis/ Martin Amis in conversation] with Tom Chatfield for [[Prospect Magazine]], January 2010, including controversial comments on JM Coetzee

;Reviews
* [http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/money-and-pornography/ '''Money'' and Pornography'], a review of the role of pornography in Amis' novels, from ''Money'' to ''Yellow Dog'', in the ''[[Oxonian Review]]''
''Note: for reviews of an individual work, please see its article.''

;Amis and "Islamism"
*[http://www.ginnydougary.co.uk/2006/09/17/the-voice-of-experience/ Martin Amis interviewed by Ginny Dougary] (2006)
**This is the interview in which Amis gives the response that began the controversy.
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2213285,00.html Shame on Us]
*[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2216595,00.html The Absurd World of Martin Amis] by [[Chris Morris (satirist)|Chris Morris]]
*[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3363824.ece "Martin Amis and the boredom of terror"]: an article in the [http://www.the-tls.co.uk TLS] by Marjorie Perloff, 13 February 2008

;Community
*[http://amisdiscussion.hosted-forum.com/ The Martin Amis Discussion Board]

;Media
*[http://abc.net.au/reslib/podcast/lateline/20061101-late-amis_video4.wmv Martin Amis interviewed] [[Windows Media Video]] by Tony Jones on [[Lateline]] (11 January 2006)
*[http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/11163 A Discussion with Charlie Rose] about his book "The Pregnant Widow," his career, and his friend and fellow author [[Christopher Hitchens]]

;Other
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/magazine/22amises.t.html?_r=1&oref=slogin The Amis Inheritance] – Profile on Martin and Kingsley Amis from ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'' (22 April 2007).
*[http://pokerdb.thehendonmob.com/player.php?a=r&n=28111 Hendon Mob Poker Tournament Results]

{{Martin Amis}}

{{Authority control|PND=119332183|LCCN=n/50/21590|VIAF=36913662|SELIBR=231296}}


{{Persondata
|NAME= Amis, Martin
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= English novelist
|DATE OF BIRTH= 25 August 1949
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Swansea]], Wales
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amis, Martin}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Amis family|Martin]]
[[Category:English agnostics]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:English science fiction writers]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Manchester]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:People from Swansea]]
[[Category:People educated at Bishop Gore School]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]

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Cormac McCarthy

2012-10-09T22:37:15Z

86.40.98.173: copyediting

{{For|the musician|Cormac McCarthy (musician)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Cormac McCarthy
| birth_name = Charles McCarthy
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1933|7|20|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Providence, Rhode Island]], U.S.
| nationality = American
| occupation = Novelist, playwright
| genre = [[Southern Gothic]], [[Western fiction|Western]], [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|Post-apocalyptic]]
| notableworks = ''[[Suttree]]'' (1979), ''[[Blood Meridian]]'' (1985), ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' ([[The Border Trilogy|Border Trilogy]]), ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'', ''[[The Road]]'' (2006)
| influences = [[Herman Melville]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[William Faulkner]], [[James Joyce]], [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[MacKinlay Kantor]], [[Flannery O'Connor]]
| website = http://www.randomhouse.com/kvpa/cormacmccarthy/
| children = Cullen McCarthy, son (with Lee Holleman) 
John McCarthy, son (with Jennifer Winkley)
| signature = Cormac McCarthy signature.svg
}}
'''Cormac McCarthy''' (born '''Charles McCarthy''';<ref name= newmillenniumwritings >{{cite news | author = Don Williams| coauthors = | title = Cormac McCarthy Crosses the Great Divide| url = http://newmillenniumwritings.com/Issue14/CormacMcCarthy.html| publisher = [[New Millennium Writings]]}}</ref> July 20, 1933) is an [[United States|American]] novelist and playwright. He has written ten novels, spanning the [[Southern Gothic]], [[Western fiction|Western]], and [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|Post-apocalyptic]] genres. He won the [[Pulitzer Prize]]<ref name=pulitzer/> and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction for ''[[The Road]]'' (2006). His 2005 novel ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'' was adapted as a 2007 [[No Country for Old Men (film)|film of the same name]], which won four [[Academy Award]]s, including [[Best Picture]]. For ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' (1992) he won both the U.S. [[National Book Award]]<ref name=nba1992/> and [[National Book Critics Circle Award]]. ''All the Pretty Horses'' and ''The Road'' were also [[film adaptation|adapted as motion pictures]].

''[[Blood Meridian]]'' (1985) was among ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's list of 100 best English-language books published between 1923 and 2005<ref name= "Time Magazine 2005" >{{cite news | author = Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo| title = All Time 100 Novels - The Complete List| url = http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/the_complete_list.html| publisher = [[Time Magazine]]| date=2005-10-16}} Retrieved on 2008-06-03.</ref> and placed joint runner-up in a poll taken in 2006 by ''[[The New York Times]]'' of the best American fiction published in the last 25 years.<ref name= "New York Times 2006" >{{cite news | title = What Is the Best Work of American Fiction of the Last 25 Years?| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/21/books/fiction-25-years.html| publisher = The New York Times | date=2006-05-21 | accessdate=2010-04-30}} Retrieved on 2008-06-03.</ref> Literary critic [[Harold Bloom]] named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, alongside [[Don DeLillo]], [[Thomas Pynchon]] and [[Philip Roth]],<ref name= bloom >{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/24/dumbing_down_american_readers/|title=Dumbing down American readers|last=Bloom|first=Harold|work=Literary critic|work=Boston Globe|date=September 24, 2003|accessdate=December 4, 2009}}</ref> and called ''Blood Meridian'' "the greatest single book since Faulkner’s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''".<ref name= bloommeridian >{{cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/harold-bloom-on-blood-meridian,29214/|title=Harold Bloom on ''Blood Meridian''|last=Bloom|first=Harold|work=Literary critic|work=A.V. Club|date=June 15, 2009|accessdate=March 3, 2010}}</ref> In 2010 ''[[The Times]]'' ranked ''The Road'' first on its list of the 100 best fiction and non-fiction books of the past 10 years. McCarthy has been increasingly mentioned as a candidate for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>Svenska Dagbladet, October 7, 2010, Här är favoriterna till litteraturpriset .. (english: These are the favourites for the literature price ..,) or Svenska Dagbladet dated Oktober 7, 2009, last change October 8, 2009: Vem tror/vill du ska få årets Nobelpris i litteratur? (english: Who do you think/do you want to get the Nobel Prize in Literature this year?</ref>

==Writing career==
McCarthy's first novel, ''[[The Orchard Keeper]]'', was published by [[Random House]] in 1965. He decided to send the manuscript to Random House because "it was the only publisher [he] had heard of". At Random House, the manuscript found its way to Albert Erskine, who had been [[William Faulkner]]'s editor until Faulkner's death in 1962.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t197.e0180 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature: McCarthy, Cormac | Books | |publisher=Oxford University Press |year= 2004 |accessdate=2011-10-25 | location=New York | first=Kimberly | last=Lewis}}</ref> Erskine continued to edit McCarthy's work for the next twenty years.

In the summer of 1965, using a Traveling Fellowship award from [[The American Academy of Arts and Letters]], McCarthy shipped out aboard the liner ''Sylvania'', hoping to visit Ireland. While on the ship, he met Anne DeLisle, who was working on the ship as a singer. In 1966, they were married in England. Also in 1966, McCarthy received a [[Rockefeller Foundation]] Grant, which he used to travel around [[Southern Europe]] before landing in [[Ibiza]], where he wrote his second novel, ''[[Outer Dark]]''. Afterward he returned to America with his wife, and ''Outer Dark'' was published in 1968 to generally favorable reviews.<ref name= persp >
{{cite book
| last = Arnold
| first = Edwin
| authorlink = Arnold T. Edwin
| title = Perspectives on Cormac McCarthy
| publisher = [[University Press of Mississippi]]
| year = 1999
| isbn = 1-57806-105-9
}}</ref>

In 1969, McCarthy and his wife moved to [[Louisville, Tennessee]], and purchased a barn, which McCarthy renovated, doing the stonework himself.<ref name= persp /> Here he wrote his next book, ''[[Child of God]]'', based on actual events. ''Child of God'' was published in 1973. Like ''Outer Dark'' before it, ''Child of God'' was set in southern [[Appalachia]]. In 1976, McCarthy separated from Anne DeLisle and moved to [[El Paso, Texas]]. In 1979, his novel ''[[Suttree]]'', which he had been writing on and off for twenty years,<ref name= nytint /> was finally published.

Supporting himself with the money from his 1981 [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowship]], he wrote his next novel, ''[[Blood Meridian|Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West]]'', which was published in 1985. The book has grown appreciably in stature in literary circles. In a 2006 poll of authors and publishers conducted by ''The New York Times Magazine'' to list the greatest American novels of the previous quarter-century, ''Blood Meridian'' placed third, behind only Toni Morrison's ''[[Beloved (novel)|Beloved]]'' and Don DeLillo's ''[[Underworld (DeLillo novel)|Underworld]]''.

McCarthy finally received widespread recognition in 1992 with the publication of ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'', which won the National Book Award<ref name=nba1992/> and the National Book Critics Circle Award. It was followed by ''[[The Crossing (novel)|The Crossing]]'' and ''[[Cities of the Plain]]'', completing the [[The Border Trilogy|Border Trilogy]]. In the midst of this trilogy came ''[[The Stonemason]]'', McCarthy's second dramatic work. He had previously written a film for [[PBS]] in the 1970s,'' [[The Gardener's Son]]''. McCarthy's next book, 2005's ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'', stayed with the western setting and themes, yet moved to a more contemporary period. It was adapted into a [[No Country for Old Men (film)|film of the same name]] by the [[Coen Brothers]], winning four [[Academy Awards]] and more than 75 film awards globally. McCarthy's book ''[[The Road]]'' (2006) won international acclaim and the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]<ref name=pulitzer/>. A [[The Road (2009 film)|film adaptation]] (2009) was directed by [[John Hillcoat]], written by [[Joe Penhall]], and starred [[Viggo Mortensen]] and [[Kodi Smit-McPhee]]. Also in 2006, McCarthy published the play ''[[The Sunset Limited]]''. The play was adapted for film by the playwright for a version directed and executive produced by Tommy Lee Jones; it began airing on HBO in February 2011. Jones also stars, opposite Samuel L. Jackson.

===Current projects===

''The Guardian'' reported in 2009 that McCarthy was at work on three new novels.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/may/18/cormac-mccarthy-archive-texas |title=Cormac McCarthy archive goes on display in Texas | Books | guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date= 2009-05-18|accessdate=2010-01-11 | location=London | first=Alison | last=Flood}}</ref> One is set in 1980s [[New Orleans]] and follows a young man as he deals with the suicide of his sister. According to McCarthy, this will feature a prominent female character. He also states that the new novel is "long".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jurgensen |first=John |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704576204574529703577274572.html |title=Cormac McCarthy on The Road - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=2009-11-20 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref>

===Archives===
The comprehensive archive of Cormac McCarthy's personal papers is preserved at the [[Wittliff collections]], [[Texas State University]], San Marcos, Texas. The McCarthy papers consists of 98 boxes (46 linear feet).<ref>[http://alkek.library.txstate.edu/swwc/archives/writers/cormac.htm/ Cormac McCarthy Papers at The Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref> The acquisition of the Cormac McCarthy Papers resulted from years of ongoing conversations between McCarthy and Southwestern Writers Collection founder, [[Bill Wittliff]], who negotiated the proceedings.<ref>[http://alkek.library.txstate.edu/swwc/archives/writers/cormac.htm/ Acquisition of the Cormac McCarthy Papers by The Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref> The Southwestern Writers Collection / [[Wittliff collections]] also holds The Wolmer Collection of Cormac McCarthy, which consists of letters between McCarthy and bibliographer J. Howard Woolmer,<ref>[http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/woolmer.html The Woolmer Collection of Cormac McCarthy, Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref> and four other related collections.<ref>[http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/mccarthy.html Cormac McCarthy Collections at The Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref>

==Personal life==
McCarthy was born in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], one of six children of Charles Joseph McCarthy and Gladys Christina McGrail McCarthy.<ref name=kns1>Fred Brown, "[http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/jan/29/sister-childhood-home-made-writer/ Childhood Home Made Cormac McCarthy]," ''Knoxville News Sentinel'', 29 January 2009. Retrieved: 27 April 2012.</ref> In 1937, his family relocated to Knoxville, where his father worked as a lawyer for the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]].<ref name=bio>[http://www.cormacmccarthy.com/biography/ Cormac McCarthy: A Biography]. Cormac McCarthy Society official website. Retrieved: 27 April 2012.</ref> The family initially lived on Noelton Drive in the upscale [[Sequoyah Hills, Tennessee|Sequoyah Hills]] subdivision, but by 1941 had settled in a house on Martin Mill Pike in [[South Knoxville]] (this latter house burned in 2009).<ref>Jack Neely, "[http://www.metropulse.com/news/2009/feb/03/house-where-i-grew/ The House Where I Grew Up]," ''Metro Pulse'', 3 February 2009. Retrieved: 27 April 2012.</ref> McCarthy attended the [[University of Tennessee]] from 1951–52 and 1957–59 but never graduated. While at UT he published two stories in ''The Phoenix'' and was awarded the Ingram-Merrill Award for creative writing in 1959 and 1960.

After marrying fellow student Lee Holleman in 1961, he and she "moved to a shack with no heat and running water in the foothills of the Smoky Mountains outside of Knoxville." There they had a son, Cullen, in 1962. While caring for the baby and tending to the chores of the house, Lee was asked by Cormac to also get a day job so he could focus on his novel writing. Dismayed with the situation, she moved to Wyoming, where she filed for divorce and landed her first job teaching."<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Lee McCarthy|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bakersfield/obituary.aspx?n=lee-mccarthy&pid=125527543|newspaper=The Bakersfield Californian|date=March 29, 2009}}</ref>

McCarthy now lives in the [[Tesuque, New Mexico]] area, north of [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]], with his third wife, Jennifer Winkley, and their son, John. He guards his privacy. In one of his few interviews (with ''[[The New York Times]]''), McCarthy reveals that he is not a fan of authors who do not "deal with issues of life and death," citing [[Henry James]] and [[Marcel Proust]] as examples. "I don't understand them," he said. "To me, that's not literature. A lot of writers who are considered good I consider strange."<ref name= nytint /> McCarthy remains active in the academic community of Santa Fe and spends much of his time at the [[Santa Fe Institute]], which was founded by his friend, physicist [[Murray Gell-Mann]].

Talk show host [[Oprah Winfrey]] chose McCarthy's 2006 novel ''[[The Road]]'' as the April 2007 selection for her [[Oprah's Book Club|Book Club]].<ref name= oprahbookclub >{{cite news | author = | coauthors = | title = Your Reader's Guide to The Road| url = http://www.oprah.com/article/oprahsbookclub/road/road_book_synopsis| publisher = [http://www.oprah.com]}}</ref> As a result, McCarthy agreed to his first television interview, which aired on ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]'' on June 5, 2007. The interview took place in the library of the Santa Fe Institute. McCarthy told Winfrey that he does not know any writers and much prefers the company of scientists. During the interview he related several stories illustrating the degree of outright poverty he endured at times during his career as a writer. He also spoke about the experience of fathering a child at an advanced age, and how his now-eight-year-old son was the inspiration for ''The Road''. McCarthy told Oprah that he prefers "simple declarative sentences" and that he uses capital letters, periods, an occasional comma, a colon for setting off a list, but "never a semicolon." He does not use quotation marks for dialogue and believes there is no reason to "blot the page up with weird little marks."

In October 2007, [[Time Magazine]] published a conversation between McCarthy and the Coen Brothers, on the eve of their adaptation of McCarthy's ''No Country for Old Men''.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1673269-1,00.html | work=Time | title=A conversation between author Cormac McCarthy and the Coen Brothers, about the new movie No Country for Old Men | date=2007-10-18}}</ref> During the conversation, McCarthy talked about his taste in cinema, claiming he's "not that big a fan of exotic foreign films" and citing ''[[Five Easy Pieces]]'' and ''[[Days of Heaven]]'' as "good movies" while praising the Coens' own ''[[Miller's Crossing]]'' as "a very, very fine movie". Regarding his own literary constraints when writing novels, McCarthy said he's "not a fan of some of the Latin American writers, [[magical realism]]. You know, it's hard enough to get people to believe what you're telling them without making it impossible. It has to be vaguely plausible.".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1673269-2,00.html | work=Time | title=A conversation between author Cormac McCarthy and the Coen Brothers, about the new movie No Country for Old Men | date=2007-10-18}}</ref>

According to ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' magazine, McCarthy's [[Olivetti Lettera 32]] typewriter was put up for auction at [[Christie's]]. The machine had been in his care for 46 years, since 1963. He picked up the used typewriter for $50 from a pawn shop in Knoxville, Tennessee. McCarthy estimates he has typed around five million words on the machine, and maintenance consisted of "blowing out the dust with a service station hose". The Olivetti was auctioned on Friday, December 4, 2009 and the auction house, Christie’s, estimated it would fetch between $15,000 and $20,000; it sold for $254,500.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kennedy |first=Randy |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/04/cormac-mccarthys-typewriter-brings-254500-at-auction/ |title=Cormac McCarthy’s Typewriter Brings $254,500 at Auction - ArtsBeat Blog - NYTimes.com |publisher=Artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com |date=2009-12-04 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref> Its replacement is another Olivetti, bought for McCarthy by his friend John Miller for $11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/12/cormac-mccarthys-typewriter-dies-after-50-years-and-five-million-words |title=Cormac McCarthy’s Typewriter Dies After 50 Years and 5 Million Words | Gadget Lab |publisher=Wired.com |date=2009-12-02 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref> The proceeds of the auction are to be donated to the [[Santa Fe Institute]], a nonprofit [[interdisciplinary]] scientific research organization.

===Family===
;Children:

* Cullen McCarthy (born 1962), son (with Lee Holleman)<ref name=Holleman>{{cite web| url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bakersfield/obituary.aspx?page=notice&pid=125527543| title=Lee McCarthy Obituary| date=March 29, 2009| publisher=[[The Bakersfield Californian]]| accessdate=January 20, 2011}}</ref>
* John Francis McCarthy, son (with Jennifer Winkley)

;Marriages:

* Lee Holleman, (1961) divorced
* Annie DeLisle, (1967 - divorced 1981)
* Jennifer Winkley (married as of 2007)<ref>Fred Brown (December 16, 2007), [http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2007/dec/16/1216cormac/ Cormac McCarthy: On the trail of a legend; Author's writing reveals how East Tennessee shaped the man], ''Knoxville News Sentinel''. Retrieved January 20, 2011</ref>

==Awards==
* 1959, 1960 Ingram-Merrill awards
* 1965 Faulkner prize for a first novel for ''The Orchard Keeper''<ref name= nytint >
{{cite news
| last = Woodward
| first = Richard
| title = Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction
| publisher = The New York Times
| date = 1992-04-19
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/05/17/specials/mccarthy-venom.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
| accessdate = 2006-08-24
}}</ref>
* 1965 Traveling Fellowship from the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]]
* 1969 [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] for creative writing
* 1981 [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowship]]<ref name= persp />
* 1992 [[National Book Award for Fiction]]<ref name=nba1992>
[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1992.html "National Book Awards – 1992"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-28. (With acceptance speech by McCarthy and essay by Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref> and the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] for ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]''
* 2006 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for Fiction and [[Believer Book Award]] for ''[[The Road]]''
* 2007 [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]] for ''[[The Road (novel)|The Road]]''<ref name=pulitzer>
[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Fiction "Fiction"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.</ref>
* 2008 [[PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction]], for a career whose writing "possesses qualities of excellence, ambition, and scale of achievement over a sustained career which place him or her in the highest rank of American literature."

==Film and television adaptations==
* ''[[The Gardener's Son]]'' was part of a series for [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] and aired in January 1977. McCarthy wrote the screenplay upon request for director Richard Pearce.<ref>{{cite news|last=Woodward |first=Richard B. |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE6DA163EF93AA25757C0A964958260 |title=Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction - Biography - NYTimes.com |publisher=New York Times |date=1992-04-19 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref>
* In 2000, McCarthy's novel ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' was made into a [[All the Pretty Horses (film)|film]] directed by [[Billy Bob Thornton]], starring [[Matt Damon]] and [[Penélope Cruz]].
* McCarthy's 2005 novel ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'' was adapted into a 2007 [[Academy Award]]-winning [[No Country for Old Men (film)|film]] directed by the [[Coen Brothers]] and starring [[Tommy Lee Jones]], [[Josh Brolin]] and [[Javier Bardem]].
* A [[The Road (2009 film)|film based on the novel]] ''[[The Road]]'' began development in 2007. [[John Hillcoat]] directed this adaptation by [[Joe Penhall]].<ref>{{cite news| author =| coauthors =| title = John Hillcoat Hits The Road| url = http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=20573| format =| work =| publisher = Empire Online UK| id =| pages =| page =| date =| accessdate =| language =| quote = }}</ref> The leading roles include [[Viggo Mortensen]] as the father,<ref>{{cite news| author =| coauthors =| title = Is Guy Pearce Going on 'The Road'?| url =
http://www.cinematical.com/2007/11/05/is-guy-pearce-going-on-the-road/| publisher = www.cinematical.com}}</ref> [[Kodi Smit-McPhee]] as the boy, [[Charlize Theron]] as the wife,<ref>{{cite news| author=Staff| date=January 15, 2008| title=Theron Hits The Road| publisher=Sci Fi Wire| url=http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=47293| accessdate=2006-05-24| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080116151318/http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=47293| archivedate = January 16, 2008}}</ref> and [[Robert Duvall]] as the old man. The film opened on November 25, 2009 to mostly positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news | first=Steven | last=Zeitchik | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/filmNews/idUSTRE49J0A820081020 | title= Road rerouted into 2009 release schedule | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | publisher=Reuters | date=2008-10-18 }}</ref>
* An adaptation of McCarthy's 2006 play ''[[The Sunset Limited]]'' aired on [[HBO]] in February 2011. It stars [[Tommy Lee Jones]] (who also directs) and [[Samuel L. Jackson]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jan/09/entertainment/la-ca-winter-sunset-limited-20110109 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Melissa | last=Maerz | date=2011-01-09 | title=Midseason Television preview: 'The Sunset Limited'}}</ref>
* A film adaptation of ''[[Blood Meridian (film)|Blood Meridian]]'' has been rumored for years. The names of [[James Franco]], [[Todd Field]], and [[Scott Rudin]] have been connected to the project, which has fallen through at least twice.<ref name=Exclusive>{{cite web|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|title=EW exclusive: James Franco talks directing William Faulkner, and how Jacob from 'Lost' helped him land 'Blood Meridian'|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/01/03/james-franco-william-faulkner-acormac-mccarthy/|work=ew.com|accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref><ref name=Maybe>{{cite web|last=Anderton|first=Ethan|title=James Franco Maybe Adapting 'As I Lay Dying' & 'Blood Meridian'|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2011/james-franco-maybe-adapting-as-i-lay-dying-blood-meridian/|work=firstshowing.net|accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref>

==Published works==
===Novels===
* ''[[The Orchard Keeper]]'' (1965) ISBN 0-679-72872-4
* ''[[Outer Dark]]'' (1968) ISBN 0-679-72873-2
* ''[[Child of God]]'' (1973) ISBN 0-679-72874-0
* ''[[Suttree]]'' (1979) ISBN 0-679-73632-8
* ''[[Blood Meridian|Blood Meridian or the Evening Redness in the West]]'' (1985) ISBN 0-679-72875-9
* ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' (1992) ISBN 0-679-74439-8
* ''[[The Crossing (novel)|The Crossing]]'' (1994) ISBN 0-679-76084-9
* ''[[Cities of the Plain]]'' (1998) ISBN 0-679-74719-2
* ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'' (2005) ISBN 0-375-70667-4
* ''[[The Road]]'' (2006) ISBN 0-307-38789-5
* ''The Passenger'' (forthcoming) [http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/mccarthypapers.html]

===Short fiction===
* ''Wake for Susan'' (1959)<ref>[The Phoenix, October 1959, pp. 3-6]</ref>
* ''A Drowning Incident'' (1960)<ref>[The Phoenix, March 1960, pp. 3-4]</ref>

===Screenplays===
* ''[[The Gardener's Son]]'' (1976) ISBN 0-88001-481-4
* ''The Counselor'' (forthcoming) [http://collider.com/cormac-mccarthy-the-counselor/138813/]

===Plays===
* ''[[The Stonemason]]'' ([[:Category:1995 plays|1995]]) ISBN 978-0-679-76280-5
* ''[[The Sunset Limited]]'' ([[:Category:2006 plays|2006]]) ISBN 0-307-27836-0

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.cormacmccarthy.com/ The Cormac McCarthy Society]
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n82-28392}}
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE6DA163EF93AA25757C0A964958260 Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction ] - 1992 interview with McCarthy from ''The New York Times''.
* [http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/mccarthy.html Southwestern Writers Collection at the Witliff Collection, Texas State University]- Cormac McCarthy Papers
* [http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/201104085 Science Friday - Connecting Science and Art] - A conversation between McCarthy, [[Werner Herzog]], and [[Lawrence Krauss]] on [[Science Friday]], April 8, 2011.

{{Cormac McCarthy}}
{{PulitzerPrize Fiction 2001–2025}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = McCarthy, Cormac
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Novelist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1933-07-20
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]], U.S.
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:McCarthy, Cormac}}
[[Category:Cormac McCarthy| ]]
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American novelists]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]
[[Category:National Book Award winners]]
[[Category:People from El Paso, Texas]]
[[Category:People from Knoxville, Tennessee]]
[[Category:People from Santa Fe, New Mexico]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners]]
[[Category:Quill Award winners]]
[[Category:United States Air Force airmen]]
[[Category:Western (genre) writers]]
[[Category:Writers from New Mexico]]
[[Category:Writers from Tennessee]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century novelists]]

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Cormac McCarthy

2012-10-09T22:35:53Z

86.40.98.173: c/e

{{For|the musician|Cormac McCarthy (musician)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Cormac McCarthy
| birth_name = Charles McCarthy
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1933|7|20|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Providence, Rhode Island]], U.S.
| nationality = American
| occupation = Novelist, playwright
| genre = [[Southern Gothic]], [[Western fiction|Western]], [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|Post-apocalyptic]]
| notableworks = ''[[Suttree]]'' (1979), ''[[Blood Meridian]]'' (1985), ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' ([[The Border Trilogy|Border Trilogy]]), ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'', ''[[The Road]]'' (2006)
| influences = [[Herman Melville]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[William Faulkner]], [[James Joyce]], [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[MacKinlay Kantor]], [[Flannery O'Connor]]
| website = http://www.randomhouse.com/kvpa/cormacmccarthy/
| children = Cullen McCarthy, son (with Lee Holleman) 
John McCarthy, son (with Jennifer Winkley)
| signature = Cormac McCarthy signature.svg
}}
'''Cormac McCarthy''' (born '''Charles McCarthy''';<ref name= newmillenniumwritings >{{cite news | author = Don Williams| coauthors = | title = Cormac McCarthy Crosses the Great Divide| url = http://newmillenniumwritings.com/Issue14/CormacMcCarthy.html| publisher = [[New Millennium Writings]]}}</ref> July 20, 1933) is an [[United States|American]] novelist and playwright. He has written ten novels, spanning the [[Southern Gothic]], [[Western fiction|Western]], and [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|Post-apocalyptic]] genres. He won the [[Pulitzer Prize]]<ref name=pulitzer/> and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction for ''[[The Road]]'' (2006). His 2005 novel ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'' was adapted as a 2007 [[No Country for Old Men (film)|film of the same name]], which won four [[Academy Award]]s, including [[Best Picture]]. For ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' (1992) he won both the U.S. [[National Book Award]]<ref name=nba1992/> and [[National Book Critics Circle Award]]. ''All the Pretty Horses'' and ''The Road'' were also [[film adaptation|adapted as motion pictures]].

''[[Blood Meridian]]'' (1985) was among ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's list of 100 best English-language books published between 1923 and 2005<ref name= "Time Magazine 2005" >{{cite news | author = Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo| title = All Time 100 Novels - The Complete List| url = http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/the_complete_list.html| publisher = [[Time Magazine]]| date=2005-10-16}} Retrieved on 2008-06-03.</ref> and placed joint runner-up in a poll taken in 2006 by ''[[The New York Times]]'' of the best American fiction published in the last 25 years.<ref name= "New York Times 2006" >{{cite news | title = What Is the Best Work of American Fiction of the Last 25 Years?| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/21/books/fiction-25-years.html| publisher = The New York Times | date=2006-05-21 | accessdate=2010-04-30}} Retrieved on 2008-06-03.</ref> Literary critic [[Harold Bloom]] named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, alongside [[Don DeLillo]], [[Thomas Pynchon]] and [[Philip Roth]],<ref name= bloom >{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/24/dumbing_down_american_readers/|title=Dumbing down American readers|last=Bloom|first=Harold|work=Literary critic|work=Boston Globe|date=September 24, 2003|accessdate=December 4, 2009}}</ref> and called ''Blood Meridian'' "the greatest single book since Faulkner’s ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]''".<ref name= bloommeridian >{{cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/harold-bloom-on-blood-meridian,29214/|title=Harold Bloom on ''Blood Meridian''|last=Bloom|first=Harold|work=Literary critic|work=A.V. Club|date=June 15, 2009|accessdate=March 3, 2010}}</ref> In 2010 ''[[The Times]]'' ranked ''The Road'' first on its list of the 100 best fiction and non-fiction books of the past 10 years. McCarthy has been increasingly mentioned as a candidate for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>Svenska Dagbladet, October 7, 2010, Här är favoriterna till litteraturpriset .. (english: These are the favourites for the literature price ..,) or Svenska Dagbladet dated Oktober 7, 2009, last change October 8, 2009: Vem tror/vill du ska få årets Nobelpris i litteratur? (english: Who do you think/do you want to get the Nobel Prize in Literature this year?</ref>

==Writing career==
McCarthy's first novel, ''[[The Orchard Keeper]]'', was published by [[Random House]] in 1965. He decided to send the manuscript to Random House because "it was the only publisher [he] had heard of". At Random House, the manuscript found its way to Albert Erskine, who had been [[William Faulkner]]'s editor until Faulkner's death in 1962.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t197.e0180 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature: McCarthy, Cormac | Books | |publisher=Oxford University Press |year= 2004 |accessdate=2011-10-25 | location=New York | first=Kimberly | last=Lewis}}</ref> Erskine continued to edit McCarthy's work for the next twenty years.

In the summer of 1965, using a Traveling Fellowship award from [[The American Academy of Arts and Letters]], McCarthy shipped out aboard the liner ''Sylvania'', hoping to visit Ireland. While on the ship, he met Anne DeLisle, who was working on the ship as a singer. In 1966, they were married in England. Also in 1966, McCarthy received a [[Rockefeller Foundation]] Grant, which he used to travel around [[Southern Europe]] before landing in [[Ibiza]], where he wrote his second novel, ''[[Outer Dark]]''. Afterward he returned to America with his wife, and ''Outer Dark'' was published in 1968 to generally favorable reviews.<ref name= persp >
{{cite book
| last = Arnold
| first = Edwin
| authorlink = Arnold T. Edwin
| title = Perspectives on Cormac McCarthy
| publisher = [[University Press of Mississippi]]
| year = 1999
| isbn = 1-57806-105-9
}}</ref>

In 1969, McCarthy and his wife moved to [[Louisville, Tennessee]], and purchased a barn, which McCarthy renovated, doing the stonework himself.<ref name= persp /> Here he wrote his next book, ''[[Child of God]]'', based on actual events. ''Child of God'' was published in 1973. Like ''Outer Dark'' before it, ''Child of God'' was set in southern [[Appalachia]]. In 1976, McCarthy separated from Anne DeLisle and moved to [[El Paso, Texas]]. In 1979, his novel ''[[Suttree]]'', which he had been writing on and off for twenty years,<ref name= nytint /> was finally published.

Supporting himself with the money from his 1981 [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowship]], he wrote his next novel, ''[[Blood Meridian|Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West]]'', which was published in 1985. The book has grown appreciably in stature in literary circles. In a 2006 poll of authors and publishers conducted by ''The New York Times Magazine'' to list the greatest American novels of the previous quarter-century, ''Blood Meridian'' placed third, behind only Toni Morrison's ''[[Beloved (novel)|Beloved]]'' and Don DeLillo's ''[[Underworld (DeLillo novel)|Underworld]]''.

McCarthy finally received widespread recognition in 1992 with the publication of ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'', which won the National Book Award<ref name=nba1992/> and the National Book Critics Circle Award. It was followed by ''[[The Crossing (novel)|The Crossing]]'' and ''[[Cities of the Plain]]'', completing the [[The Border Trilogy|Border Trilogy]]. In the midst of this trilogy came ''[[The Stonemason]]'', McCarthy's second dramatic work. He had previously written a film for [[PBS]] in the 1970s,'' [[The Gardener's Son]]''. McCarthy's next book, 2005's ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'', stayed with the western setting and themes, yet moved to a more contemporary period. It was adapted into a [[No Country for Old Men (film)|film of the same name]] by the [[Coen Brothers]], winning four [[Academy Awards]] and more than 75 film awards globally. McCarthy's book ''[[The Road]]'' (2006) won international acclaim and the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]<ref name=pulitzer/>. A [[The Road (2009 film)|film adaptation]] (2009) was directed by [[John Hillcoat]], written by [[Joe Penhall]], and starred [[Viggo Mortensen]] and [[Kodi Smit-McPhee]]. Also in 2006, McCarthy published the play ''[[The Sunset Limited]]''. The play was adapted for film by the playwright for a version directed and executive produced by Tommy Lee Jones; it began airing on HBO in February 2011. Jones also stars, opposite Samuel L. Jackson.

===Current projects===

''The Guardian'' reported in 2009 that McCarthy was at work on three new novels.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/may/18/cormac-mccarthy-archive-texas |title=Cormac McCarthy archive goes on display in Texas | Books | guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date= 2009-05-18|accessdate=2010-01-11 | location=London | first=Alison | last=Flood}}</ref> One is set in 1980s [[New Orleans]] and follows a young man as he deals with the suicide of his sister. According to McCarthy, this will feature a prominent female character. He also states that the new novel is "long".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jurgensen |first=John |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704576204574529703577274572.html |title=Cormac McCarthy on The Road - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=2009-11-20 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref>

===Archives===
The comprehensive archive of Cormac McCarthy's personal papers is preserved at the [[Wittliff collections]], [[Texas State University]], San Marcos, Texas. The McCarthy papers consists of 98 boxes (46 linear feet).<ref>[http://alkek.library.txstate.edu/swwc/archives/writers/cormac.htm/ Cormac McCarthy Papers at The Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref> The acquisition of the Cormac McCarthy Papers resulted from years of ongoing conversations between McCarthy and Southwestern Writers Collection founder, [[Bill Wittliff]], who negotiated the proceedings.<ref>[http://alkek.library.txstate.edu/swwc/archives/writers/cormac.htm/ Acquisition of the Cormac McCarthy Papers by The Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref> The Southwestern Writers Collection / [[Wittliff collections]] also holds The Wolmer Collection of Cormac McCarthy, which consists of letters between McCarthy and bibliographer J. Howard Woolmer,<ref>[http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/woolmer.html The Woolmer Collection of Cormac McCarthy, Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref> and four other related collections.<ref>[http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/mccarthy.html Cormac McCarthy Collections at The Wittliff Collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX]</ref>

==Personal life==
McCarthy was born in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], one of six children of Charles Joseph McCarthy and Gladys Christina McGrail McCarthy.<ref name=kns1>Fred Brown, "[http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/jan/29/sister-childhood-home-made-writer/ Childhood Home Made Cormac McCarthy]," ''Knoxville News Sentinel'', 29 January 2009. Retrieved: 27 April 2012.</ref> In 1937, his family relocated to Knoxville, where his father worked as a lawyer for the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]].<ref name=bio>[http://www.cormacmccarthy.com/biography/ Cormac McCarthy: A Biography]. Cormac McCarthy Society official website. Retrieved: 27 April 2012.</ref> The family initially lived on Noelton Drive in the upscale [[Sequoyah Hills, Tennessee|Sequoyah Hills]] subdivision, but by 1941 had settled in a house on Martin Mill Pike in [[South Knoxville]] (this latter house burned in 2009).<ref>Jack Neely, "[http://www.metropulse.com/news/2009/feb/03/house-where-i-grew/ The House Where I Grew Up]," ''Metro Pulse'', 3 February 2009. Retrieved: 27 April 2012.</ref> McCarthy attended the [[University of Tennessee]] from 1951–52 and 1957–59 but never graduated. While at UT he published two stories in ''The Phoenix'' and was awarded the Ingram-Merrill Award for creative writing in 1959 and 1960.

After marrying fellow student Lee Holleman in 1961, he and she "moved to a shack with no heat and running water in the foothills of the Smoky Mountains outside of Knoxville." There they had a son, Cullen, in 1962. While caring for the baby and tending to the chores of the house, Lee was asked by Cormac to also get a day job so he could focus on his novel writing. Dismayed with the situation, she moved to Wyoming, where she filed for divorce and landed her first job teaching."<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Lee McCarthy|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bakersfield/obituary.aspx?n=lee-mccarthy&pid=125527543|newspaper=The Bakersfield Californian|date=March 29, 2009}}</ref>

McCarthy now lives in the [[Tesuque, New Mexico]] area, north of [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]], with his third wife, Jennifer Winkley, and their son, John. He guards his privacy. In one of his few interviews (with ''[[The New York Times]]''), McCarthy reveals that he is not a fan of authors who do not "deal with issues of life and death," citing [[Henry James]] and [[Marcel Proust]] as examples. "I don't understand them," he said. "To me, that's not literature. A lot of writers who are considered good I consider strange."<ref name= nytint /> McCarthy remains active in the academic community of Santa Fe and spends much of his time at the [[Santa Fe Institute]], which was founded by his friend, physicist [[Murray Gell-Mann]].

Talk show host [[Oprah Winfrey]] chose McCarthy's 2006 novel ''[[The Road]]'' as the April 2007 selection for her [[Oprah's Book Club|Book Club]].<ref name= oprahbookclub >{{cite news | author = | coauthors = | title = Your Reader's Guide to The Road| url = http://www.oprah.com/article/oprahsbookclub/road/road_book_synopsis| publisher = [http://www.oprah.com]}}</ref> As a result, McCarthy agreed to his first television interview, which aired on ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]'' on June 5, 2007. The interview took place in the library of the Santa Fe Institute. McCarthy told Winfrey that he does not know any writers and much prefers the company of scientists. During the interview he related several stories illustrating the degree of outright poverty he endured at times during his career as a writer. He also spoke about the experience of fathering a child at an advanced age, and how his now-eight-year-old son was the inspiration for ''The Road''. McCarthy told Oprah that he prefers "simple declarative sentences" and that he uses capital letters, periods, an occasional comma, a colon for setting off a list, but "never a semicolon." He does not use quotation marks for dialogue and believes there is no reason to "blot the page up with weird little marks."

In October 2007, [[Time Magazine]] published a conversation between McCarthy and the Coen Brothers, on the eve of their adaptation of McCarthy's ''No Country for Old Men''.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1673269-1,00.html | work=Time | title=A conversation between author Cormac McCarthy and the Coen Brothers, about the new movie No Country for Old Men | date=2007-10-18}}</ref> During the conversation, McCarthy talked about his taste in cinema, claiming he's "not that big a fan of exotic foreign films" and citing ''[[Five Easy Pieces]]'' and ''[[Days of Heaven]]'' as "good movies" while praising the Coens' own ''[[Miller's Crossing]]'' as "a very, very fine movie". Regarding his own literary constraints when writing novels, McCarthy said he's "not a fan of some of the Latin American writers, [[magical realism]]. You know, it's hard enough to get people to believe what you're telling them without making it impossible. It has to be vaguely plausible.".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1673269-2,00.html | work=Time | title=A conversation between author Cormac McCarthy and the Coen Brothers, about the new movie No Country for Old Men | date=2007-10-18}}</ref>

According to ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' magazine, McCarthy's [[Olivetti Lettera 32]] typewriter was put up for auction at [[Christie's]]. The machine had been in his care for 46 years, since 1963. He picked up the used typewriter for $50 from a pawn shop in Knoxville, Tennessee. McCarthy estimates he has typed around five million words on the machine, and maintenance consisted of "blowing out the dust with a service station hose". The Olivetti was auctioned on Friday, December 4, 2009 and the auction house, Christie’s, estimated it would fetch between $15,000 and $20,000; it sold for $254,500.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kennedy |first=Randy |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/04/cormac-mccarthys-typewriter-brings-254500-at-auction/ |title=Cormac McCarthy’s Typewriter Brings $254,500 at Auction - ArtsBeat Blog - NYTimes.com |publisher=Artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com |date=2009-12-04 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref> Its replacement is another Olivetti, bought for McCarthy by his friend John Miller for $11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/12/cormac-mccarthys-typewriter-dies-after-50-years-and-five-million-words |title=Cormac McCarthy’s Typewriter Dies After 50 Years and 5 Million Words | Gadget Lab |publisher=Wired.com |date=2009-12-02 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref> The proceeds of the auction are to be donated to the [[Santa Fe Institute]], a nonprofit [[interdisciplinary]] scientific research organization.

===Family===
;Children:

* Cullen McCarthy (born 1962), son (with Lee Holleman)<ref name=Holleman>{{cite web| url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bakersfield/obituary.aspx?page=notice&pid=125527543| title=Lee McCarthy Obituary| date=March 29, 2009| publisher=[[The Bakersfield Californian]]| accessdate=January 20, 2011}}</ref>
* John Francis McCarthy, son (with Jennifer Winkley)

;Marriages:

* Lee Holleman, (1961) divorced
* Annie DeLisle, (1967 - divorced 1981)
* Jennifer Winkley (married as of 2007)<ref>Fred Brown (December 16, 2007), [http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2007/dec/16/1216cormac/ Cormac McCarthy: On the trail of a legend; Author's writing reveals how East Tennessee shaped the man], ''Knoxville News Sentinel''. Retrieved January 20, 2011</ref>

==Awards==
* 1959, 1960 Ingram-Merrill awards
* 1965 Faulkner prize for a first novel for ''The Orchard Keeper''<ref name= nytint >
{{cite news
| last = Woodward
| first = Richard
| title = Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction
| publisher = The New York Times
| date = 1992-04-19
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/05/17/specials/mccarthy-venom.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
| accessdate = 2006-08-24
}}</ref>
* 1965 Traveling Fellowship from the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]]
* 1969 [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] for creative writing
* 1981 [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowship]]<ref name= persp />
* 1992 [[National Book Award for Fiction]]<ref name=nba1992>
[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1992.html "National Book Awards – 1992"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-28. (With acceptance speech by McCarthy and essay by Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref> and the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] for ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]''
* 2006 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] for Fiction and [[Believer Book Award]] for ''[[The Road]]''
* 2007 [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]] for ''[[The Road (novel)|The Road]]''<ref name=pulitzer>
[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Fiction "Fiction"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.</ref>
* 2008 [[PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction]], for a career whose writing "possesses qualities of excellence, ambition, and scale of achievement over a sustained career which place him or her in the highest rank of American literature."

==Film and television adaptations==
* ''[[The Gardener's Son]]'' was part of a series for [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] and aired in January 1977. McCarthy wrote the screenplay upon request for director Richard Pearce.<ref>{{cite news|last=Woodward |first=Richard B. |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE6DA163EF93AA25757C0A964958260 |title=Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction - Biography - NYTimes.com |publisher=New York Times |date=1992-04-19 |accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref>
* In 2000, McCarthy's novel ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' was made into a [[All the Pretty Horses (film)|film]] directed by [[Billy Bob Thornton]], starring [[Matt Damon]] and [[Penélope Cruz]].
* McCarthy's 2005 novel ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'' was adapted into a 2007 [[Academy Award]]-winning [[No Country for Old Men (film)|film]] directed by the [[Coen Brothers]] and starring [[Tommy Lee Jones]], [[Josh Brolin]] and [[Javier Bardem]].
* A [[The Road (2009 film)|film based on the novel]] ''[[The Road]]'' began development in 2007. [[John Hillcoat]] directed this adaptation by [[Joe Penhall]].<ref>{{cite news| author =| coauthors =| title = John Hillcoat Hits The Road| url = http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=20573| format =| work =| publisher = Empire Online UK| id =| pages =| page =| date =| accessdate =| language =| quote = }}</ref> The leading roles include [[Viggo Mortensen]] as the father,<ref>{{cite news| author =| coauthors =| title = Is Guy Pearce Going on 'The Road'?| url =
http://www.cinematical.com/2007/11/05/is-guy-pearce-going-on-the-road/| publisher = www.cinematical.com}}</ref> [[Kodi Smit-McPhee]] as the boy, [[Charlize Theron]] as the wife,<ref>{{cite news| author=Staff| date=January 15, 2008| title=Theron Hits The Road| publisher=Sci Fi Wire| url=http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=47293| accessdate=2006-05-24| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080116151318/http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=47293| archivedate = January 16, 2008}}</ref> and [[Robert Duvall]] as the old man. The film opened on November 25, 2009 to mostly positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news | first=Steven | last=Zeitchik | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/filmNews/idUSTRE49J0A820081020 | title= Road rerouted into 2009 release schedule | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | publisher=Reuters | date=2008-10-18 }}</ref>
* An adaptation of McCarthy's 2006 play ''[[The Sunset Limited]]'' aired on [[HBO]] in February 2011. It stars [[Tommy Lee Jones]] (who also directs) and [[Samuel L. Jackson]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jan/09/entertainment/la-ca-winter-sunset-limited-20110109 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Melissa | last=Maerz | date=2011-01-09 | title=Midseason Television preview: 'The Sunset Limited'}}</ref>
* A film adaptation of ''[[Blood Meridian (film)|Blood Meridian]]'' has been rumored for years. The names of [[James Franco]], [[Todd Field]], and [[Scott Rudin]] have been connected to the project, which has fallen through at least twice.<ref name=Exclusive>{{cite web|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|title=EW exclusive: James Franco talks directing William Faulkner, and how Jacob from 'Lost' helped him land 'Blood Meridian'|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/01/03/james-franco-william-faulkner-acormac-mccarthy/|work=ew.com|accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref><ref name=Maybe>{{cite web|last=Anderton|first=Ethan|title=James Franco Maybe Adapting 'As I Lay Dying' & 'Blood Meridian'|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2011/james-franco-maybe-adapting-as-i-lay-dying-blood-meridian/|work=firstshowing.net|accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref>

==Published works==
===Novels===
* ''[[The Orchard Keeper]]'' (1965) ISBN 0-679-72872-4
* ''[[Outer Dark]]'' (1968) ISBN 0-679-72873-2
* ''[[Child of God]]'' (1973) ISBN 0-679-72874-0
* ''[[Suttree]]'' (1979) ISBN 0-679-73632-8
* ''[[Blood Meridian|Blood Meridian or the Evening Redness in the West]]'' (1985) ISBN 0-679-72875-9
* ''[[All the Pretty Horses (novel)|All the Pretty Horses]]'' (1992) ISBN 0-679-74439-8
* ''[[The Crossing (novel)|The Crossing]]'' (1994) ISBN 0-679-76084-9
* ''[[Cities of the Plain]]'' (1998) ISBN 0-679-74719-2
* ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'' (2005) ISBN 0-375-70667-4
* ''[[The Road]]'' (2006) ISBN 0-307-38789-5
* ''The Passenger'' (forthcoming) [http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/mccarthypapers.html]

===Short fiction===
* ''Wake for Susan'' (1959)<ref>[The Phoenix, October 1959, pp. 3-6]</ref>
* ''A Drowning Incident'' (1960)<ref>[The Phoenix, March 1960, pp. 3-4]</ref>

===Screenplays===
* ''[[The Gardener's Son]]'' (1976) ISBN 0-88001-481-4
* ''The Counselor'' (forthcoming) [http://collider.com/cormac-mccarthy-the-counselor/138813/]

===Plays===
* ''[[The Stonemason]]'' ([[:Category:1995 plays|1995]]) ISBN 978-0-679-76280-5
* ''[[The Sunset Limited]]'' ([[:Category:2006 plays|2006]]) ISBN 0-307-27836-0

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.cormacmccarthy.com/ The Cormac McCarthy Society]
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n82-28392}}
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE6DA163EF93AA25757C0A964958260 Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction ] - 1992 interview with McCarthy from ''The New York Times''.
* [http://www.thewittliffcollections.txstate.edu/research/a-z/mccarthy.html Southwestern Writers Collection at the Witliff Collection, Texas State University]- Cormac McCarthy Papers
* [http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/201104085 Science Friday - Connecting Science and Art] - A conversation between McCarthy, [[Werner Herzog]], and [[Lawrence Krauss]] on [[Science Friday]], April 8, 2011.

{{Cormac McCarthy}}
{{PulitzerPrize Fiction 2001–2025}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = McCarthy, Cormac
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Novelist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1933-07-20
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]], U.S.
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:McCarthy, Cormac}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:American novelists]]
[[Category:Cormac McCarthy| ]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]
[[Category:National Book Award winners]]
[[Category:People from El Paso, Texas]]
[[Category:People from Knoxville, Tennessee]]
[[Category:People from Santa Fe, New Mexico]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners]]
[[Category:United States Air Force airmen]]
[[Category:Western (genre) writers]]
[[Category:Writers from New Mexico]]
[[Category:Writers from Tennessee]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century novelists]]
[[Category:Quill Award winners]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]

[[bn:করম্যাক ম্যাকা‌র্থি]]
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[[zh:戈馬克·麥卡錫]]

Talk:Salman Rushdie

2012-10-09T22:34:41Z

86.40.98.173:

{{Talk header}}
{{controversial}}
{{WikiProjectBannerShell|blp=yes|1=
{{WikiProject Biography|living=yes|class=c|a&e-priority=Mid|a&e-work-group=yes|listas=Rushdie, Salman}}
{{WikiProject Religion|class=c|importance=mid|Interfaith=yes|InterfaithImp=mid}}
{{WikiProject India|class=c|importance=mid|maharashtra=yes|maharashtra-importance=mid}}}}
{{OnThisDay|date1=2005-02-14|oldid1=16335606|date2=2006-02-14|oldid2=38373396|date3=2007-02-14|oldid3=107945465|date4=2008-02-14|oldid4=191358906}}

== Satanic verses section ==
About the following sentence: "Many more people died in riots in Third World countries." ''"Third World countries"''? Why would the countries be viewed under the (extremely broad and unnecessary) light of '''''economy''''' for such an event? I'm changing the sentece for "some countries" for its absurd implications. Anyone who knows which are the countries please do add their names. [[User:Cult Handsome Seriously Silly|'''H15 H16N355 |''']][[User talk:Cult Handsome Seriously Silly|K1N6 M3 (T47K)]] 03:29, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

==Rushdie/Lakshmi divorce==
Salman Rushdie and wife Padma Lakshmi have divorced. [[User:Silverweed|Silverweed]] 21:07, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
:: Ouch. [[User:Chicopac|Chicopac]] ([[User talk:Chicopac|talk]]) 05:12, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

==Rushdie is Pro-War==
Hey, who got rid of the facts on Rushdie's support for the bombing and killing of innocent people in Kosovo? We must use Wikipedia to cover the truth, not censure. I will try to revert. [[User:Teetotaler|Teetotaler]]
:There, reverted. Rushdie's support of NATO's bombing of Kosovo is discussed by the Toronto attorney [[Michael Mandel]] in his book, "How America Gets Away With Murder". [[User:Teetotaler|Teetotaler]]

::This is an encyclopedia, not a soapbox. [[User:Metamagician3000|Metamagician3000]] 07:02, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

:::I stand corrected. [[User:Teetotaler|Teetotaler]]

:Umm you've got that wrong. He supported the NATO bombing of Belgrade because he wanted NATO to stop the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. So he wanted to stop the killing of innocent people in Kosovo by attacking the government in Belgrade that was killing them. [[User:68.49.242.230|68.49.242.230]] 18:39, 30 June 2007 (UTC)ahassan05

::Umm, if you look at the history of the [[Kosovo War]] you will see that the violence which Rushdie supported was targeted mostly upon innocent civilians and that during this time fighting had ceased between the KLA and the Serbian army. The bombings which Rushdie was so proud of only had a negative effect. History is writ thus. [[User:Teetotaler|Teetotaler]] —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/75.67.81.197|75.67.81.197]] ([[User talk:75.67.81.197|talk]]) 18:18, 4 September 2009 (UTC) 

==Name in Arabic==

Why is Rushdie's name transcribed in Arabic? This is not a native tongue of the Indian subcontinent. Sure, his names derive from Arabic, but my name, David, derives from Hebrew, would it be transliterated in an article about me? Perhaps Urdu (which uses a similar but NOT identical alphabet to Arabic) or another native language of the Indian subcontinent would be more appropriate? Or leave it without a transcription?

:Please sign your comments. The alphabet IS urdu because it's basically the same as arabic (except for a few letters) and more closer to persian. But since Urdu names are usually from Arabic/Persian, his name can be perceived to be in any of these three.
-- [[User:Basawala|Basawala]] 03:19, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

----
:"Perhaps Urdu (which uses a similar but NOT identical alphabet to Arabic". Completely false, Urdu uses the same identical alphabet to Arabic in addition to several other letters. [[User:130.113.128.11|130.113.128.11]] 20:20, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

----
::Therefore proving the OP correctedness: "similar but NOT identical alphabet". Alphabet is a grouping. Adding letters means the grouping is '''''not''''' identical. Thank you for supplying the source of difference between the two: the addition of letters. [[User:Cult Handsome Seriously Silly|'''H15 H16N355 |''']][[User talk:Cult Handsome Seriously Silly|K1N6 M3 (T47K)]] 03:39, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

== Nationality ==

His name is Jewish. His ancestors were converted Jews to Islam. 13.3.2007 —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/89.79.209.153|89.79.209.153]] ([[User talk:89.79.209.153|talk]]) 11:38, 13 March 2007 (UTC).

ROFL --[[User:212.71.37.107|212.71.37.107]] 14:20, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Being born in India, would he not have dual nationality, not just UK? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/91.11.62.36|91.11.62.36]] ([[User talk:91.11.62.36|talk]]) 14:13, 10 October 2007 (UTC) 

Yes, that would be dual nationality[[User:Kniwor|Kniwor]] ([[User talk:Kniwor|talk]]) 07:26, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

== Career section ==

I have deleted the entire Career section. It was copied word-for-word from this site: http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/crunyon/CE/Koran-Rushdie/Rushdie/Timeline.htm And a cursory search suggests that at least some of this material was copied verbatim from yet other sources. --[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|talk]] 04:22, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
:Okay: I restored the original version, with the older Career section, which is what I was trying to do at the same time the editor who imported the copyvio material was still editing. It's back the way it was.--[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|talk]] 04:33, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

==He converted to islam==
in the section "the controversy of the satanic verses" it's a bit ambiguous. it says that he converted to islam, but wasn't he raised as a muslim. someone might want to clarify that he switched to atheism or something in that general direction.—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:209.222.51.64|209.222.51.64]] ([[User talk:209.222.51.64|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/209.222.51.64|contribs]]){{#if:11:35, 13 May 2007 (UTC)| 11:35, 13 May 2007 (UTC)|}}.

:On Christmas 1990 he converted formally to Islam, and then recanted a few months later. [[User:Ahassan05|Ahassan05]] 18:56, 30 June 2007 (UTC)ahassan05

== Ethnicity? ==

What ethnic group does Rushdie belong to? Hindi and Urdu aren't restricted to any one group, and of course neither is English. [[User:74.232.226.191|74.232.226.191]] 21:11, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
:He is of the [[Kashmiri_people]].--[[User:Steven X|Steven X]] 13:47, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

<two irrelevant posts removed> [[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] 03:57, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

==Knighthood==

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6757369.stm - someone should add this? [[User:81.86.44.208|81.86.44.208]] 20:32, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
:I am going to add 'Sir' to the front of his name. This has precedent, Sir Ian Botham recieved his knighthood at the same time and his page has added 'Sir'. [[User:Doktor Waterhouse|Doktor Waterhouse]] 02:57, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Salman Rushdie is now Sir Salman Rushdie - and honour well deserved, in the light of Western thought and development.

In Britain and in the free world, we must take a stand for our way of life. Freedom of speech is the right of the individual, which includes the right to criticise and the right to satire. The Islamic world has to understand that we hold these things dear.

Even the Encyclopedia Britannica would be seen as offensive to Islam, because it states that Allah, the God of Arabia had three daughters. [Book 22/Islam/pg.105] And according to the Encyclopedia’s sales staff, its volumes would be shredded on any attempt to bring them into Saudi Arabia; as the Encyclopedia Britannica is banned in the Kingdom.

The problem for Islam is that it strictly holds that there should only be one God. Then the Three Daughters (Cranes) show up, who Muhammad himself called out to in the Koran Sura 53 or the Satanic Verse. With all due respect to history, these were the Gods of Muhammad’s father and his tribe the Quraish, in a religion centered on the Kaaba in Mecca, in fact it was called Kaaba, were hajj or pilgrimage to place, but with many more Gods [En.Brit. Book 22/Islam/pg.105].

There seems evidence that Islam, developed over the years to become what is today and as the earliest four versions of the Koran showed Muhammad calling out to worship the Three Goddesses of his clan. However as Islam developed, and became more strict, it then had to root out practices or verses in the Koran which did not fit well with its image. Sura 53 in the Koran was abrogated or changed to remove or muddle its significance, but there were other Koranic verses which were abrogated or changed, such as those calling for even more violence and bloodshed of the non-believer.

--What evidence is there that Islam "developed" into being what it is today? As a Muslim, I believe that my religion never changed and that there is only one version of the Quran. (If there is another version of the Quran, where can I find it? Answer me if you are a person of truth). Please stop desecrating my religion and defecating on my beliefs like Salman Rushdie did. I thought Wikipedia is a fact-based encyclopedia. Please delete from your encyclopedia the claim that Muhammad at some stage accepted the three pagan Gods because that is false. Please stop spreading malicious lies through Wikipedia. How would you like it if we Muslims were to write an encyclopedia and say that the holocaust did not happen and that the US invasion of Iraq was solely to gain control of Iraqi oilfields? In which museum can I find the Satanic Verses if they truly exist? Can the descendants of Muhammad sue Salman Rushdie for libel? -- Arbibi Ashoy.

Strangely a little know fact is that the Three Old Ladies still guard the Kaaba, until this day; showing that these were not just any Gods. The Daughter Goddess, Al-Manat was worshipped in Pre-Islamic times as a black stone at Mecca.

--The black stone is not worshipped. It is a marker that traditionally you had to touch to confirm that you had performed the journey (Something like putting the ball past the net when playing soccer). Nowadays nobody gets to touch it anyway because there are too many people but suffice that you have it within sight. What is the matter with you people, why do you like to rub us Muslims the wrong way? -- Arbibi Ashoy

To read more

http://www.pantheon.org/articles/m/manat.html

http://www.pantheon.org/articles/a/allat.html

http://www.pantheon.org/articles/u/uzza.html

http://www.pantheon.org/articles/a/allah.html

—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Egyptoo|Egyptoo]] ([[User talk:Egyptoo|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Egyptoo|contribs]]){{#if:{{{2|}}}| {{{2}}}|}}.

:As other people have noted above, WP is not a soapbox. I'm pleased Rushdie's got a K, too, but this isn't the place to write celebratory essays. I'm sure we'd all be grateful if you could confine yourself to making comments that are directly relevant to producing a NPOV, encyclopedic article.[[User:Bedesboy|Bedesboy]] 14:50, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

::He is a Knight Bachelor. No post-nominals. Not an OBE as far as I know. - [[User:Kittybrewster|Kittybrewster ]][[User_talk:Kittybrewster| (talk)]] 07:49, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

:::Is he a knight yet? Does this "transformation" take place on the announcement in the honours list, or when he receives the accolade?--[[User:Evadb|'''Eva''']] [[User talk:Evadb|'''b''']][[ Special:Contributions/Evadb|'''d''']] 16:24, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

:::: Good question! BBC is [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6766569.stm already using], "Sir" for him, so I guess the transformation occurs at the announcement. By the way, [[User:Kittybrewster|Kittybrewster ]] is correct that Salman (or Salmon as the [http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/newsroom/news_releases/2007/070616_birthday_honours.asp official announcement] spells it !) is a [[Knight Bachelor]], which means that he has not been accorded membership into a [[order of chivalry]] and in particular is not an [[OBE]]. [[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] 16:34, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

-------
Perhaps Wikipedia should not be using "Sir" just yet?

The following are quotations from The Guardian online article at:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/pakistan/Story/0,,2106965,00.html

Wednesday June 20, 2007

Rushdie furore stuns honours committee

No date has been set for the investiture. Two ceremonies are due to take place next month but they are likely to be for those who were named in the New Year's honours list. Rushdie could become Sir Salman in the next batch of investitures between October and December or early next year.

:Do you only gain the title ''after'' the ceremony? (Compare [[Edward VIII]], who was most definitely a king despite never having a coronation.) [[User:Marnanel|Marnanel]] 02:36, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

::The title is gained upon appointment. That wasn't always the case, but it was so confusing as to who used what when that they decided to just allow use immediately.--[[user:Ibagli|Ibagli]] ([[user talk:Ibagli|Talk]]) 16:23, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

==Non-Muslim critics==
With all the vandalism that this article is getting at the moment, it is hard to see who added this, which is a good-faith edit.
:His biggest critics were his peers, such as Roald Dahl (author of children's books) who called him "a dangerous opportunist", Germaine Greer who called him "an Englishman with dark skin" and Hugh Trevor-Roper who said "I would not shed a tear if some British Muslims should waylay him in a dark street". (http://weeklywire.com/ww/02-08-99/tw_book1.html)

I have removed it because:
#I don't know if the Weekly Wire is a reputable source.
#It is not clear if the quotes were made about the Satanic Verses or about Rushdie's career more generally.
#It seems from reading the article that these quotations were gathered from elsewhere, possibly in very different contexts. The named individuals were not interviewed for the article, but collected.
#These are far from Rushdie's "biggest critics".

If the original sources coudl be found, they woudl be interesting additions. Thank you for your effort. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] 17:34, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

:That addition was made in [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salman_Rushdie&diff=prev&oldid=138992223 this edit] by [[Special:Contributions/60.50.112.46|60.50.112.46]] at 15:18, 18 June 2007 (UTC). --[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 17:43, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

::Thanks for finding that. It figures it is an anon. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] 17:49, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

::[[User:Scottshen]] re-added it with a slight rewording, which took care of item 4 above, but not the others, and made the last quote harsher than it was intended (by removing qualifying phrases within the sentence, and then removing the ellipses that indicated their omission). Please discuss here. Getting to the actual quotations in their context would be the first step towards encyclopedic standards. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] 17:13, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

:::Dahl's comment was made in a [[February 28]] [[1989]] letter to ''[[The New York Times]]''; the comment is mentioned in the 1994 ''Times'' piece [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E1DE1231F932A35756C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print 'Roald the Rotten', by Ann Hulbert], but I couldn't find the entire letter itself. --[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 15:44, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
:::Trevor-Roper's comments appeared in ''[[The Independent]]'', [[June 10]] [[1989]]. Though in what context, I'm not still not sure--[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 16:59, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
:::Couldn't find the actual source of Greer's comment, but it was widely quoted outside of anti-Rushdie sources, often as "a megalomaniac, an Englishman with dark skin". Others who, at the time of the ''Satanic Verses'' controversy, were harshly critical of Rushdie included [[Paul Johnson (writer)|Paul Johnson]], [[Roy Hattersley]], [[Norman Tebbit]], and [[Auberon Waugh]].[http://books.google.com/books?id=kf0zqDyLgBkC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=%22germaine+greer%22+%22paul+johnson%22+rushdie&source=web&ots=gqn2P0IkHx&sig=paUtMw9nfJkU7wfjzcfQMXzSlB8] --[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 17:35, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
:::: I recall [[John Le Carre]] as also being harshly critical of Rushdie at the time, specifically saying something about how his actions endangered the mail room girl at Rushdie's publisher. Le Carre and Rushdie had something of a public spat over it. [[User:Alexwoods|Alexwoods]] 18:45, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
:::::I appreciate the effort towards more credible sources. However, there has been no progress with points 2 & 3 , whether the quotes were about the book or the man, and also importantly with regard to their original context. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] 21:03, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

== niqab controversy? ==

"In 2006, Rushdie stated that he supported comments by the Leader of the House of Commons, Jack Straw, criticising the wearing of the niqab. Rushdie stated that his three sisters would never wear the veil, that it was a limitation on women. He said, "I think the battle against the veil has been a long and continuing battle against the limitation of women, so in that sense I'm completely on [Straw's] side."[18]"

Did Rushdie attract any significant critism for his opinions on the niqab? this section just states his opinion and doesn't have anything saying why this is a "controversy". Without an active dispute or argument it isn't controversial and therefore it's just being used as a tar-brush tactic and is POV. [[User:SemperFideliS81|Elmo]] 22:01, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

: It wasn't Rushdie that was controversial here; it was Straw. Straw criticised the niqab; British muslims criticised him. Rushdie intervened in the controversy on Straw's side. [[User:Po8crg|Richard Gadsden]] 22:16, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

== Flag icon ==

I've changed the flag icon by his birthplace from that of India to that of British India, since India gained independence from Britain in August 1947, while Rushdie was born about two months prior to the event. [[User:Rashed|Rashed]] 23:44, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

I dont think that was a nice thing to do because he was Born in India and Had INDIAN nationality till he became UK naturalized citizen.You are only showing colonial mindset while doing such a thing.[[User:India07|India07]] 12:01, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

:I believe you misunderstood Rashed's point, India07; when Rushdie was born, India was under control of the British. Therefore, the flag was changed to mirror the flag that was used at that point. I don't necessarily agree with the placement of flags in Biography infoboxes, but Rashed's point is historically valid. Personal opinion regarding British owned India is irrelevant. This is a needless point to make, however, because the flag has been changed back to India's without discussion. [[User:Yllosubmarine|María]] ([[Wikipedia:Editor review/Yllosubmarine|críticame]]) 12:11, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Thanks fr the answer,The point i was trying to make was that we are living in a world where there is no British India and nobody is proud to hoist the British india flag.Maybe Rashid wants that the birth of Rushdie's country include present day Pakistan Also.Ok but the Flag is Indian so I am not complaining.[[User:India07|India07]] 12:17, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

: If there is a flag representing the place of birth of Salman Rushdie, it should be that of British India as that was the country of his birth. Showing the current Indian flag denies a historical aspect of Indian history and is anachronistic. Nobody is under the impression that British India exists in any form today. Edward Said's article has the British mandate flag for Palestine despite the non-existence of that entity today. Wikipedia should reflect the reality and Salman Rushdie was born when India was historically a British colony. [[User:Jayran|Jayran]] 20:31, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

::I agree that this is a fact and if an icon is to be used then it should be the correct one. Also, Rushdie himself made much of this distinction in his book [[Midnights Children]]. [[User:Simon123|simonthebold]] 12:40, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

:::Why hasn't anybody changed this yet? I guess I will.--[[User:Lairor|Lairor]] 01:32, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

== Comment ==

Rushdie liberally uses Bombay film Gossip magazines to write, sometimes word to word. I have seen this in Satanic Verses. Here one paragaph talks about how an actress, jilted by her superstar boyfriend, behaves when he is seriously injured. Rushdie copied a [[Stardust]] or [[Star & style]] article word to word about [[Rekha]] after [[Amitabh Bacchan]]'s accident in 1982 . My problem here is not that the charecters in the novel are similar to real life people but plagiarizing text). The other example concern's Moor's last Sigh. Here also an acress takes part in a festival procession (Ganesh festival, I believe). The decription was word to word about Bombay film actress[[Padmini Kolhapure]] dancing in the festival. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:74.9.96.126|74.9.96.126]] ([[User talk:74.9.96.126|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/74.9.96.126|contribs]]) 

== Major Literary work ==

Can a small description of Booker prize winning Midnight's Children and its plot be added to the above referred section and the controversy it caused by attacking then PM Indira Gandhi
:A sufficient description of ''Midnight's Children'''s Booker Prize win and subsequent success are listed already in the section; any plot details, etc, is at the [[Midnight's Children|novel's article]]. I have never heard of such a controversy. Do you have a source? [[User:Yllosubmarine|María]] ([[Wikipedia:Editor review/Yllosubmarine|críticame]]) 12:45, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
If I remember correctly, Mrs. Gandhi sued Rushdie because he had implied in Midnight Children that Mrs. Gandhi neglected her husband,, Feroz Gandhi.

Another work of importance, not original, but edited, is the anthology of Indian English writing ''Mirrorwork: 50 years of Indian writing. 1947 - 1997'' (New York: Holt, 1997), but I can't enter the bibliographical data on the page. It caused a stir among 'vernacular' (i.e., non-English) Indian writers for the not very flattering remarks about the value of non-English Indian literature in comparison to that in English. [[User:Vidyasagara|Vidyasagara]] ([[User talk:Vidyasagara|talk]]) 19:32, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

== Rocky bin Horror Picture Jihad ==

The anti-Rushdie film ''International Guerrillas'' is like Osma bin Laden mets the Rocky Horror picture show.
:There are some pictures of the film posted at
http://weirdostuff.blogspot.com/2005/12/pakistani-jihad-musicals-vol1.html
:--[[User:Wowaconia|Wowaconia]] 23:05, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

== Punctuation errors. ==

There are two glaring errors which I am sure Salman himself would not approve of:

"...by opening a chain of Casino's and Disco's in the country..."

The two apostrophes should NOT be there, not to mention the fact that those two words should not be capitalized either.—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:209.107.127.32|209.107.127.32]] ([[User talk:209.107.127.32|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/209.107.127.32|contribs]]){{#if:{{{2|}}}| {{{2}}}|}}.

:Fixed.--[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 04:31, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

== rushdie in popular culture ==

this is bull. all of those bullet points are redundant, unimportant and.. quiet stupid. get rid of them, please. who needs to know that rushdie co-hosted a show?—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:83.130.91.47|83.130.91.47]] ([[User talk:83.130.91.47|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/83.130.91.47|contribs]]){{#if:{{{2|}}}| {{{2}}}|}}.
:That's a fair point. The section isn't labeled ''Trivia'', but that's what it amounts to. The worthwhile items should be integrated into other sections of the article, and the rest ought to go.--[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 02:49, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

:: Good call! [[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] 02:59, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
:::Sorry, I didn't read this before I re-added a couple. I agree that most are worthless, but thought BJD and Mehta were worth keeping -- feel free to change the wording. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] 13:47, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
::::I don't have any problem with those items going back in with the context you provided, although the ''Bridget Jones'' item still doesn't strike me as particularly significant. How does Rushdie's cameo constitute "public discourse"? Was there anything about it that had a direct bearing on his life or work? --[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 21:01, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
:::::Perhaps "public discourse" isn't quite the right phrase. I was searching for an overarching first sentence that would slot the examples into a framework. The point about the film cameo is that he appears as himself at a literary launch party, parodying the perception of famous authors as spending their time hobnobbing with even more famous celebrities and drinking champagne. I believe that, at the time the film was made, he had not been out of hiding all that long. It's interesting that that is one way he chose to reposition himself in the public eye. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] 22:00, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

== "Reviled" ==

"Rushdie was raised a Muslim but is reviled as an [[apostate]] in Muslim countries, especially Pakistan." It is sufficient to say that he is no longer a practising Muslim. "Reviled" is totally unnecessary. Someone with expertise in writing about Islam, please re-phrase it appropriately. [[User:Lfh|Lfh]] 17:46, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

:Furthermore, when did he actually renounce Islam and in what way? That is surely important biographical information. [[User:Lfh|Lfh]] 09:11, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

::I think you entirely underestimate the strength of feeling Muslims around the world feel about him. There were mass riots, deaths and death threats. Muslims don't tend to be particularly tolerant of apostates; see [[Apostasy in Islam]].
<blockquote>
::'''revile''' (''verb'')
::''reviled as a traitor'' criticize, censure, condemn, attack, inveigh against, rail against, castigate, lambaste, denounce; slander, libel, malign, vilify, abuse; informal knock, slam, pan, crucify, roast, tear into, badmouth, dis, pummel; formal excoriate, calumniate.
</blockquote>
::I feel it is an appropriate word for a strong sense of feeling. [[User:Simon123|simonthebold]] 22:15, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

:::I know what the word means; my point is I don't think it is a very good sentence. For one thing, it jumps from one issue to another - his childhood to the present day - without offering any information about what happened in between. Why did he renounce Islam? When? What has he said about it? What have other people said about it?

:::Second, no supporting evidence is given. "Muslim countries" covers an awful lot of places - are we including, say, Turkey, Albania, Somalia in all this? If I want to know that lots of Muslims have bad things to say about Rushdie I can go to any discussion forum; if I want to see three-second clips of somebody setting fire to something I can watch the news; but surely Wikipedia can provide a bit more detailed, referenced, contextualised insight into the views that various Muslims have about him.

:::And for the record I do think "reviled" is a needlessly emotive word. I can't recall reading it in other articles about widely unpopular figures, such as [[Saddam Hussein]] or [[Osama bin Laden]]. [[User:Lfh|Lfh]] 10:35, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

:: I wrote the sentence and added the section because I felt for such a controversial figure his personal beliefs has some relevance. I found a real lack of substantive information on the period between his childhood and current position. Feel free to do the research and flesh out the sentence.

:: Specifically in relation to word 'reviled' I feel it is appropriate for the reasons stated. You say that the revulsion is not necessarily felt in all Muslim countries - you may be right - however in the absence of contrary evidence I suspect that in this case the generalisation is accurate enough to portray the issue in the context of the article. [[User:Simon123|simonthebold]] 12:11, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

== Name - his is now a Sir... ==

I propose to change the title of the article to 'Sir Salman Rushdie', and the caption above his picture to 'Sir Salman Rushdie'. He was, after all, knighted, and even if people disagree with this we cannot deny that it happened.—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:129.170.92.236|129.170.92.236]] ([[User talk:129.170.92.236|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/129.170.92.236|contribs]]) 
:So who's denying it? The first four words of the article are "Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie", and there's an entire section on his knighthood. But your proposal won't be adopted. See [[WP:NCNT#Other non-royal names|WP:NCNT]] and [[WP:COMMONNAME]].--[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 23:29, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

:(ec) :: Wikipedia has detailed guidelines for such articles. See the relevant guideline for [[Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_%28names_and_titles%29#Other_non-royal_names| article title]] (bullet point 5) and for [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28biographies%29#Honorific_prefixes| article's lead sentence]] (bullet point 4). So we don't have to reinvent the wheel here. [[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] 23:31, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

== Rushdie appears to be mis-spelled in Devanagari at top of page ==

Please Note, at the top of the page, Salman's sur-name is spelled: रश्दी.
In Hindi press, I've normally seen it spelled as: रुश्दी.

I went to a few online news sources to double check. Please check the following URLS to see the latter spelling in regular use.

http://www.jagran.com/news/nationalnews.aspx?id=3483720
http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/entertainment/story/2007/06/070616_rushdie_knighthood.shtml

[[User:5amuel|5amuel]] 10:40, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

: On the other hand, the following sources spell it as रश्दी (which also sounds phonetically correct to me):
:* [http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2196327.cms Navbharat Times]
:* [http://in.hindi.yahoo.com/News/International/0707/01/1070701033_1.htm Yahoo (Hindi)]
:* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/news/story/2005/07/050714_britain_muslims.shtml BBC (Hindi)!]
:* [http://ind.jagran.com/news/details.aspx?id=3469306 Dainik Jagran]
:* [http://lokmanch.com/hindi/index.php?option=com_alphacontent&Itemid=122 Lokmanch]
:* [http://www.pustak.org/bs/home.php?author_name=Salman%20Rushdi Bhartiya Sahitya (a hindi literature review site)]
: So I vote for retaining the current version. [[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] 22:29, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

== Book discusses Rushdie and his literary work ==

This book should be added in further study or response to the controversy created by Rushdie's novels:

[http://www.alislam.org/books/rushdie/RUSHDIE_Haunted_by_his_unholy_ghosts.pdf RUSHDIE: Haunted by his unholy ghosts]

:This book must be taken in context as a treatise written by a member of the [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]] offering a Muslim perspective. That is to say it is naturally written from a hostile standpoint for a Muslim audience and tends towards propaganda. For example the introduction makes reference to the Satanic Verses as a 'so-called novel'. Whilst the autor may disagree with the ideas and themes of the novel it is undoubtably a novel. I only read a few sections of the pdf presented; there are factual errors, for example claiming that [[East, West]] was a children's book and implying that Salman Rushdie was trying to pervert young readrs with sexual themes. [[User:Simon123|simonthebold]] 08:02, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

== Wrong Link ==

Link #15 should link to:

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article414681.ece
[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article414681.ece]—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Timur1|Timur1]] ([[User talk:Timur1|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Timur1|contribs]]) 

:Thanks for spotting that! The link has been updated.[[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] 03:33, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

== Attempted assassination of Norwegian publisher ==

I propose that the attempted assassination of Norwegian Publisher [[William_Nygaard|William Nygaard]] is included in the article, or at least in a descriptive fashion in the links-section. After publishing Satanic Verses, he was given protection for a period of time, but was on October 11, 1993 shot outside his home in Oslo with three bullets and left for dead. He recovered after three months in hospital - the assassin has not yet been captured as of fall 2007, this might be one of the first (and hopefully last) islamic aggressions against free speech on Norwegian soil. I am not able to include this myself, as I've just registered. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Bjern|Bjern]] ([[User talk:Bjern|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bjern|contribs]]) 18:38, 4 October 2007 (UTC) 

== The smear film: A mistake? ==

"The film was popular with Pakistani audiences, and it "presents Rushdie as a Rambo-like figure pursued by four Pakistani guerillas"[23] and surrounded by the Israeli armed forces.[24] Rushdie is portrayed as "a smug, bespectacled butcher in a double-breasted suit, who lives in palatial splendor, [and who] personally slaughters his enemies with a huge blood-soaked sword".[25]"

It I don't think Rushdie is a rambo-like figure if he is a smug bespectacled butcher in a double-breasted suit. Maybe the hero of the film is supposed to be the rambo-like character? I haven't seen it, but I doubt anyone would want to portray Rushdie as a Rambo-like character (even if they hate him).

[[User:Lewi5will|Lewi5will]] 21:55, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

== Atheist? ==

I understand that he's a former Muslim, calls for reform in Islam, and has held beliefs that do not condone the muslim view of God, but did he ever say that he is an atheist? I haven't read anything to say he is, unless I am missing something... Anyone? [[User:IronCrow|IronCrow]] ([[User talk:IronCrow|talk]]) 01:49, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

:Christopher Hitchens quotes Rushdie early in ''Hitch-22'' as saying something like "The title ''God is Not Great'' is one word too long." Hitch and Rushdie were good pals, so we're left to assume that the word "Great" is the one SR had in mind. [[User:Mashapiro|Mashapiro]] ([[User talk:Mashapiro|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

I don't have a written source for it but I heard Rushdie, on February 26 tell a large audience that he is an atheist. The event was teh Baltimore speaker's series and he indicated that he has told other audiences the same information.

== salman rushdie...the unknown in the muslim world ==

<math>Insert formula here</math>
most mulsim and arab novelists and philosophers lack essential knowledge about there so called enemy (salman).majority of them didnt even read a single line from his (provocative) novel (satanic verses).
:: Their loss. He should be their admired Grand Old Boy if their hope is literary greatness. [[User:Chicopac|Chicopac]] ([[User talk:Chicopac|talk]]) 05:14, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

== Salman Rushdie and Ayub Masih ==

''From Wikipedia's Persecution of Christians Article: "Ayub Masih, a Christian, was convicted of blasphemy and sentenced to death in 1998. He was accused by a neighbor of stating that he supported British writer, Salman Rushdie, author of ''The Satanic Verses''. Lower appeals courts upheld the conviction. However, before the Pakistan Supreme Court, his lawyer was able to prove that the accuser had used the conviction to force Masih's family off their land and then acquired control of the property. Masih has been released.[35]"''

Does anyone know Rushdie's reaction? I mean, did he care or does he even know? Though it may not be needed in the article, I was wondering about his thoughts on this. [[User:IronCrow|IronCrow]] ([[User talk:IronCrow|talk]]) 00:44, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

== a distorted, incompetent piece of trash ==

i shortened the section on the pakistani movie again, this article does no need spend almost more space on it then it does on rushdie's books. all the info that is needed is there, start an article about the movie if you want to...[[User:Trueblood|trueblood]] ([[User talk:Trueblood|talk]]) 18:47, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
:Your objection just seems to be your own personal POV. You destroyed my edits on this subject and now you wan't to destroy another editors edits. You do not own this article. [[User:Colin4C|Colin4C]] ([[User talk:Colin4C|talk]]) 11:37, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
::no offence meant, i shortened it because this article is about rushdie, his work, his life and so on, why don't you start an article about the movie itself, you could recicle all the info from here, i promise i will not touch that article...
[[User:Trueblood|trueblood]] ([[User talk:Trueblood|talk]]) 18:24, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
:::Why don't YOU make some positive edits for a change - like on Rushdie's books you mentioned. I am sick to death of editors who glory in deleting the referenced, relevent work of other editors because of some idiosyncratic POV and contribute absolutely nothing themselves. [[User:Colin4C|Colin4C]] ([[User talk:Colin4C|talk]]) 10:21, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
:: just for the record, i did contribute to this article quite while ago, so that may be why i feel attached to it and want it to focus on rushdie and his work.[[User:Trueblood|trueblood]] ([[User talk:Trueblood|talk]]) 20:47, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

== being more specific re: is he dead or alie ==

I'm assuming this rushdie character is not alive, so I'm being brave enough to indicate this in his birthdate (.e. 1947-present). I'm not all that familiar with the policies etc. so i hope i'm not breaching any npov issues. cheers all, --[[User:ToyotaPanasonic|ToyotaPanasonic]] ([[User talk:ToyotaPanasonic|talk]]) 05:38, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

: There are no NPOV issues, but wikipedia's [[WP:MOS|manual of style]] has a different recommendation (see [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Dates_of_birth_and_death|this specifically]]), so I am reverting your well-intentioned edit. [[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] ([[User talk:Abecedare|talk]]) 05:49, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

He is still alive. He went on the Bill Maher show a while back, and only a week ago, he was on...I believe it was the Colbert Report. This brings me to a question. Is the fatwa for his death still active? This article seems to indicate that it is, but on the Colbert Report, he said that the fatwa had been lifted.

== [[Gabriel|Archangel Gibreel]] ==

Is it correct to use the transliterated form ''"[[Gibreel]]"'', as is done in the article? Is that from [[classical Arabic]]? --[[User:Ludvikus|Ludvikus]] ([[User talk:Ludvikus|talk]]) 18:45, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Yes, Gabriel is Gibreel in Arabic. However, it is pronounced Jibreel, because Arabic lacks the 'G' sound one would find in words like Gabriel or Gandalf (Unless you are talking about Egyptian Arabic. Egyptians lack the J sound in their dialect, but they have the hard 'G' sound). —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/137.48.19.93|137.48.19.93]] ([[User talk:137.48.19.93|talk]]) 23:33, 10 June 2008 (UTC) 
==Tendon condition==
I do realize that the entire sentence about the tendon condition might have been written in ironic (wink-wink) mode, but, for the benefit of the more literal readers and in the interests of accuracy in reporting, I have nevertheless put "tendon condition" in quotes (see personal life). In other words, do we really know that is what it was, or is this another euphemism (like deviated septum for nose job) for the kind of cosmetic surgery the rich and famous resort to? <s>If it is the latter, he has good company in his much-scalpeled ex of cooking show fame, and friend [[Martin Amis]] who reportedly spent 20,000 pounds getting his teeth fixed.</s> [[User:Fowler&fowler|Fowler&fowler]][[User talk:Fowler&fowler|«Talk»]] 13:42, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

==A question==

Im not trying to be a pain here, Im just interested in the honorifics policy on wikipedia looking at islam articles, You cant place PBUH or SAW or refer to Muhammed as a prophet, yet you can use the honorific Sir when refering to a person-an honorific that isnt recognised outside of Britain technically anyway.-Why is the policy so?[[Special:Contributions/86.156.52.67|86.156.52.67]] ([[User talk:86.156.52.67|talk]]) 22:35, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

:An interesting if provacative question, would be interesting to know the answer. Anyone? [[Special:Contributions/217.33.127.162|217.33.127.162]] ([[User talk:217.33.127.162|talk]]) 17:33, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

::I am not familiar with the policy regarding honorifics, but as far as I know you can refer to Muhammad as an "Islamic prophet". I know because I am the one who promoted the article [[Muhammad in Mecca]] with that title a few months back, on [[WP:DYK|DYK]] section of Main Page. He is recognized as a prophet in Islam, and there is nothing wrong with calling him that. --[[User:BorgQueen|BorgQueen]] ([[User talk:BorgQueen|talk]]) 17:41, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
:The [[Muhammad]] article has a faq linked off the talk page which discusses the use of PBUH in detail. In a nutshell, it is consensus that adding pbuh as an "honorific" breaks NPOV. As a portion of his biography, the Muhammad article describes him as the prophet of Islam as this article points out that Rushdie is a knight bachelor of the British empire. It does not continue to label Rushdie as Sir after the initial introduction, which maintains neutrality to those who don't recognize the british gentry or whatnot. In a related manner, I scanned 20 or so other persons in the knighthood category and determined that the practice is to boldface "Sir" so I undid the unbolding. [[User:Kyaa the Catlord|Kyaa the Catlord]] ([[User talk:Kyaa the Catlord|talk]]) 13:01, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

== AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories From India? ==

''AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories From India'' by Salman Rushdie, Kiran Desai, William Dalrymple and others [http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13581&issueid=68], should this be mentioned in the article/bibliography? [[User:Feydey|feydey]] ([[User talk:Feydey|talk]]) 12:03, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

== Traditionalists ==

Just exactly which traditionalists are Mr. Rushdie referring to in the quotation? Shouldn't the "traditionalists" link, lead to a relevant article and not; 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionalist]Traditionalism may refer to:

The systematic emphasis on the value of Tradition. 
The Traditionalist School of thought, an esoteric movement espoused by René Guénon, Frithjof Schuon et al. See also Radical Traditionalism. 
Catholic Traditionalism, a current within Roman Catholicism. 
Carlism, a Spanish political movement in the 19th and 20th century. 
Traditionalist world view (American), a world view associated with American cultural conservativism. 
The Traditionalist School in 20th century Dutch architecture. 
A current in music, exemplified by Ralph Shapey. 

None of which truly explains which traditionalists he means. [[User:Kansas Bear|Kansas Bear]] ([[User talk:Kansas Bear|talk]]) 02:28, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

== The Pakistani Film ==

Would be great if someone could mention the title of the film in the article, as this information is sorely missing right now and was the reason i checked out the article in the first place. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/85.179.36.186|85.179.36.186]] ([[User talk:85.179.36.186|talk]]) 20:31, 22 December 2008 (UTC) 

== British Indian ? ==

why is he given the indian nationality in his name? he has chosen to be british and should be termed as a british not an indian. or Indian born of british nationality currently.—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:58.160.161.206|58.160.161.206]] ([[User talk:58.160.161.206|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/58.160.161.206|contribs]]) 
: He is called "[[British Indian]]" because he fits the definition; more importantly that is what reliable sources call him; and most importantly, he self-identifies as a "British Indian novelist" (see ''The New York Times Guide to the Arts of the 20th Century : 1980-1999'', page 2650). [[User:Abecedare|Abecedare]] ([[User talk:Abecedare|talk]]) 07:50, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

== Why doesn't Salman Rushie look Indian? ==

I know India is a very ethnically diverse country, but I've rarely seen Indians who look like him. Is his family originally native to India or are they immigrants? I heard once that his ancestors came from Iran, and so that could explain him coming from a Shi'a Muslim family (when the vast majority of Indians are Sunni), his white skin and fairly European looks. Can someone explain where Rushie is originally from, and what Indian ethnic group he does belong to? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/87.194.5.148|87.194.5.148]] ([[User talk:87.194.5.148|talk]]) 23:20, 23 May 2009 (UTC) 

The same reason why Greta Scacchi pictured here: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/05/26/article-1022053-0163B7F800000578-981_468x636.jpg doesn't look Italian. All Italians are meant to look like this : http://www.white-history.com/refuting_rm/italy/corrada_fortuna.jpg OKAY? every single one of them! Hec, what planet are you on?

Salman Rushdie has written about his family origins several times, in his book of essays titled Step Across This Line, as well as in interviews related to his novel Shalimar the Crown. His fathers surname was Rushdie, his mother's maiden name was [[Butt (name)]]. He notes that he has some family in Kashmir region in several of these sources. Whether these origins mean he looks "typically Indian" is a somewhat loaded question. From an Indian standpoint, [[Irani]]s, [[Parsi]]s, or [[Bene Israel]] are not at all uncommon in a place like Mumbai, although they may appear different from the average corner shop owner or gas station attendant, that many in the west associate with "typical India." Rushdies origins have occasionally been a point of projection from the viewpoints of various critics, positing questionable theories that he is, for instance, of Jewish descent, for example, to somehow justify what they view as his islamophobia. He appears to be simply from a upper-class, muslim background, including potential ancestors who may have been: [[Kashmiri people]] [[Muhajir Pakistan]] [[Punjabi people]] or [[Pashtun people]]. [[Special:Contributions/75.22.195.80|75.22.195.80]] ([[User talk:75.22.195.80|talk]]) 15:17, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Some people in Kashmir look very European, even have blue eyes. I have read a theory according to which they are descendants of Alexanders Macedonian army, but i do not know whether this is plausible.--[[User:Georgius|Georgius]] ([[User talk:Georgius|talk]]) 09:40, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

== Nationality in infobox ==

Salman Rushdie is of Indian origin, but he does not currently hold Indian "nationality" - he's a British national. The infobox in this article should reflect this, as should the list in the Booker Prize article. -- [[Special:Contributions/144.32.53.40|144.32.53.40]] ([[User talk:144.32.53.40|talk]]) 15:11, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
:Removed, agreed but I have left British-Indian in the lead. --[[User:Misortie|Frank Fontaine]] ([[User talk:Misortie|talk]]) 19:49, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

== Copyright problem ==
[[File:Copyright-problem.svg|left|50x50px]] This article has been reverted by a bot to {{oldid|page=Salman Rushdie|oldid=395893063|label=this version}} as part of [[WP:CCI|a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement]]. (See [[WP:Contributor copyright investigations/Pohick2|the investigation subpage]]) This has been done to remove [[User:Accotink2]]'s contributions as they have a history of extensive copyright violation and so it is assumed that all of their major contributions are copyright violations. Earlier text must not be restored, ''unless'' it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|copyrighted]] text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of ''information'', but not as a source of ''sentences'' or ''phrases''. Accordingly, the material ''may'' be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original ''or'' [[Wikipedia:Plagiarism|plagiarize]] from that source. Please see our [[Wikipedia:NFC#Text|guideline on non-free text]] for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. [[User:VWBot|VWBot]] ([[User talk:VWBot|talk]]) 13:37, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

== satanic verses ==

this article does'nt evaluate salman rushdie objectively.
the satanic verses conterversy has given him fame while several
other english writers may have been ignored due to their
unconterversial writing.
please comment.
i have read a article by british author, which states that salman rushdie deliberately profited from the notoriety and conterversy of
his book. his worting has been criticised as being sub-standard.
i am sorry that i can't give details of the source
V.Srinivas -- 28-02-2012 [[Special:Contributions/117.213.211.113|117.213.211.113]] ([[User talk:117.213.211.113|talk]]) 10:45, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
: Since one of his books won the [[Booker of Bookers]], there would have to be pretty substantial criticism to warrant inclusion. The vast majority of criticism relates to the Satanic Verses controversy, which has a large in the article. [[Special:Contributions/64.180.40.75|64.180.40.75]] ([[User talk:64.180.40.75|talk]]) 17:59, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

== No criticism section? ==

Shouldnt there be a section for the critique of his literary work? I recollect reading something on Times of India recently... [[User:Shaad lko|Shaad lko]] ([[User talk:Shaad lko|talk]]) 12:55, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Most of the critique was for ''The Satanic Verses''. If you meant that, edit [[The Satanic Verses controversy|here]]. [[User:Hillcrest98|Hill Crest's WikiLaser (Boom).]] ([[User talk:Hillcrest98|talk]]) 16:16, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

== quick note concerning a missing link==

"literary works"

......Rushdie has published many short stories, including those collected in East, West (1994)....
reference to East, West should link to internal wiki page found here: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East,_West]] — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/68.56.40.179|68.56.40.179]] ([[User talk:68.56.40.179|talk]]) 19:56, 25 April 2012 (UTC) 
:{{done}}--[[User:ShelfSkewed|'''Shelf''''''Skewed''']] [[User talk:ShelfSkewed|Talk]] 20:28, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

==Missing category==
{{edit protected}}
He is missing from [[:Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]].

Talk:Antonia Fraser

2012-10-09T22:34:12Z

86.40.98.173:

{{talk header}}
{{WikiProject Biography|living=yes|class=c|a&e-work-group=yes|a&e-priority=mid|listas=Fraser, Antonia}}
{{WikiProject University of Oxford|class=c|importance=Mid}}

==Question==
Should "Lady" be in the title of this page - "Antonia Fraser" is what appears on her books and is how she is generally known. [[User:Timrollpickering|Timrollpickering]] 19:30, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

It is usual Wikipedia policy to give a subjects full name & titles, etc in the first line of an article.
[[User:Philip Cross|Philip Cross]] 18:30, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

== Boadicea or Boudica ==

The article mentions Boadicea, shouldn't this be Boudica (or Boudicca)? [[User:Apepper|Apepper]] 23:20, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

==''The Wives of Henry VIII''==
The correct version of the title is ''The Wives of Henry VIII''. That's what my copy's called, and that's how it's given on the [http://www.librarything.com/work/83915 book's page] on [[LibraryThing]]. If ''The Six Wives of Henry VIII'' is indeed an alternate title, feel free to add it back, but as an additional title identified as an alternative.  — [[User:AnnaKucsma|AnnaKucsma]]   ([[User Talk:AnnaKucsma|Talk to me!]]) 18:31, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

That is not actually correct. That is the title of the 1st American (paperback?) ed. published in 1992. There are many other (22) editions acc. to WorldCat. It was published in the UK as ''The Six Wives of Henry VIII'' (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992); you need to do a more thorough search, using proper book catalogues, such as the publishers' own websites, WorldCat, the LOC, Amazon.co.uk, etc. The source that you cite "librarything.com" is not sufficient and does not verify your statement that ''The Six Wives of Henry VIII'' is an "alternate title." It is actually the other way around; the 1st American ed. is the alternate title; possibly for copyright reasons in 1992-93. Alison Weir's book has the same title: ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII (book)|The Six Wives of Henry VIII]]'' (see note added at top of that article now); and there is a PBS series on the subject as well w/ the same title. Given the recent [[Showtime]] series (''[[The Tudors]]''), one does not want to make mistakes with the titles of the book by each of these authors. --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 11:24, 16 March 2008 (UTC)
::See editions discussed in the following [http://www.booksandcollectibles.com.au/bsearch.php3?bsearch_submit=Search&auth=FRASER%2C+Antonia.&title=THE+WIVES+OF+HENRY+VIII. Books and Collectibles site: The Wives of Henry VIII], and also [http://www.booksandcollectibles.com.au/bsearch.php3?bsearch_submit=Search&auth=FRASER%2C+Antonia.&title=the+six+wives+of+henry+viii&pub=&sub=&sort_by=author&block_size=20&country=00 Books and Collectibles site: The Six Wives of Henry VIII], both of which list several of the UK editions; the American ed. followed the first hardback ed. published first in UK. --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 11:44, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

==photo deleted; copyright violation==
The photo someone uploaded to Wikipedia Commons is a copyright violation; if one clicked on the image, its description says there is no author or information given about it; it was apparently an image stolen (plagiarized) from the following URL, which itself appears to be a copyright violation, [http://www.jamd.com/image/g/2663401?partner=Google&epmid=3], or others like it accessible via Google. See [[WP:NOR]] and [[WP:Copyvio]] and their related links. --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 10:12, 16 March 2008 (UTC)
:The credit to the photograph in the jamd.com webpage is: "(Photo by Baron/Getty Images) by Baron Sunday January 1st, 1950 reference: 2663401". That is a copyright-protected property and should not be uploaded first to flickr and then to Wikipedia Commons w/o any proper licensing information allowing it to be given a GNU free documentation license. It is not in the "public domain." It belongs to Getty Images and the photographer Baron. This image copyright violation needs reporting. --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 21:01, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

== Married Name ==
''In some social circumstances, Antonia Fraser uses her married name "Antonia Pinter".'' This has been wrongly phrased, 'Fraser' is also her married name.--[[User:JO 24|JO 24]] ([[User talk:JO 24|talk]]) 06:58, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Incorporated in the lead in a better way, with proper source citations. --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 20:05, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

== Ringing Prose ==
'Correcting those who notice only her physical beauty – remarked upon both in her youth and well into her seventh decade – some readers and audience members of her talks have stressed that she is "more than just a pretty face" but actually an accomplished historian and "an intellectual".' Horray! This is the kind of ringing prose that graces the pages of the Sunday Telegraph's colour supplement. --[[User:OhNoPeedyPeebles|OhNoPeedyPeebles]] ([[User talk:OhNoPeedyPeebles|talk]]) 23:27, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
:Perhaps she wrote it herself. --[[User:OhNoPeedyPeebles|OhNoPeedyPeebles]] ([[User talk:OhNoPeedyPeebles|talk]]) 23:28, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
::True nonetheless. [[User:Xxanthippe|Xxanthippe]] ([[User talk:Xxanthippe|talk]]) 02:22, 27 August 2008 (UTC).

==Removed item==
*[http://www.festivalandco.com/ "Antonia Fraser"] – Biography featured in "Participating Authors", conference on "Real Lives: Exploring Memoir and Biography", [[Shakespeare and Company (bookshop)|The Shakespeare & Company Literary Festival]]: ''festivalandco.com'', 13 – 15 June 2008, Paris, France.

Can't find the biography there. Perhaps something has changed at the site; or perhaps she appeared as a "participating author" in a different year: see [http://www.festivalandco.com/index.php?page=9 Participating authors] sec., where I do not see a biography of Lady Antonia Fraser. Until it can be verified moving this item here for further investigation. One of her daughters appears to be featured elsewhere on the site (maiden name: Natasha Fraser/Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni [author of a biography of [[Sam Spiegel]]; perhaps she took her mother's place]): see the program links. --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 00:49, 9 April 2009 (UTC) According to the site, the conference was held on 12 (not 13) to 15 June 2008. --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 00:50, 9 April 2009 (UTC) (updated) --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 01:00, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Upon further investigation have found that she was originally scheduled to appear (and her biography was probably on the site then), but she had to cancel her appearance due to her late husband Harold Pinter's poor health at the time; here's verification of that in the following news article on : [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3555021/Shakespeare-and-Company-literary-festival.html "Shakespeare and Company Literary Festival"] at the ''Telegraph'': "There was a slight note of disappointment about Friday, as Lady Antonia Fraser had to cancel her talk due to the health of her husband Harold Pinter." --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 00:54, 9 April 2009 (UTC) (updated) --[[User:NYScholar|NYScholar]] ([[User talk:NYScholar|talk]]) 01:00, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

== Oh, come on ==
"Correcting those who notice only her physical beauty—remarked upon both in her youth and well into her seventh decade—some commentators stress that, "more than just a pretty face", she is an accomplished historian and "an intellectual".[13]"
Removed this for reasons that are presumably self-evident. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/193.157.224.14|193.157.224.14]] ([[User talk:193.157.224.14|talk]]) 18:32, 16 January 2010 (UTC) 
:To single-topic anon: Not self-evident. Please explain reason for revert of well-sourced material. [[User:Xxanthippe|Xxanthippe]] ([[User talk:Xxanthippe|talk]]) 22:03, 16 January 2010 (UTC).
::As the single-topic anon with two edits has not provided a reason for deleting well-sourced material, I have restored it. [[User:Xxanthippe|Xxanthippe]] ([[User talk:Xxanthippe|talk]]) 00:19, 19 January 2010 (UTC).

== Memoir Needs Update "Must You Go?" ==

Recent CBC interview of the actual memoir spurred my lookup, and I found the article out of date. The memoir is in print:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/jan/16/must-you-go-fraser-review —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/76.66.25.129|76.66.25.129]] ([[User talk:76.66.25.129|talk]]) 23:05, 10 November 2010 (UTC) 

==Missing category==
{{edit protected}}
She is missing from [[:Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]].

James Tait Black Memorial Prize

2012-10-09T22:32:02Z

86.40.98.173: 2011 is obviously meant there

The '''James Tait Black Memorial Prizes''' are [[literary prize]]s awarded for literature written in the English language. They are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the [[University of Edinburgh]] in [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom]], the prizes were founded in 1919 by Mrs Janet Coutts Black in memory of her late husband, James Tait Black, a partner in the publishing house of [[A & C Black]] Ltd.

==Overview==
Four winners of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] received the James Tait Black earlier in their careers; Sir [[William Golding]], [[Nadine Gordimer]] and [[J. M. Coetzee]] each collected the James Tait Black for fiction, whilst [[Doris Lessing]] took the prize for biography. In addition to these literary Nobels, [[Sir Ronald Ross]], whose 1923 autobiography ''Memoirs, Etc.'' received the biography prize, was already a Nobel Laureate, having been awarded the 1902 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on malaria.

Other major literary figures to receive the fiction award include [[D. H. Lawrence]], [[E. M. Forster]], [[Arnold Bennett]], [[Bruce Chatwin]], [[John Buchan]], [[Robert Graves]], [[Arthur Waley]], [[Graham Greene]], [[Evelyn Waugh]], [[Anthony Powell]], [[Muriel Spark]], [[J. G. Ballard]], [[Angela Carter]], [[Margaret Drabble]], [[Elizabeth Bowen]], [[John Berger]], [[Iris Murdoch]], [[John Banville]], [[Salman Rushdie]] and [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]]. Recipients of the biography award include [[John Buchan]], [[Antonia Fraser]], [[Richard Ellmann]], [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]], [[Claire Tomalin]], [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]], [[R. F. Foster]], [[Martin Amis]] and [[John Carey (critic)|John Carey]].

More recent winners of note include [[Alan Hollinghurst]], [[Graham Swift]], [[Beryl Bainbridge]], [[Zadie Smith]], [[Andrew O'Hagan]], [[David Peace]], [[Ian McEwan]], [[Rosalind Belben]], [[Sebastian Barry]] and [[A. S. Byatt]], all of whom have received either the fiction prize in the course of the last two decades.

==Selection process and prize administration==
The winners are chosen by the Professor of English Literature at the University, who is assisted by PhD students in the shortlisting phase, a structure which is seen to lend the prizes a considerable gravitas. At the award of the 2006 prizes, [[Cormac McCarthy]]'s publisher commented positively on the selection process noting that, in the absence of a sponsor and literary or media figures amongst the judging panel, the decision is made by "...students and professors, whose only real agenda can be great books and great writing".<ref name="Video report of the James Tait Black Prize ceremony">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/200708_25_JTBAward.wvx
|publisher=University of Edinburgh
|title=Video report of the James Tait Black Prize ceremony, August 2007
|date=August 27, 2007

}}</ref> The original endowment is now supplemented by the University and, as a consequence, the total prize fund rose from £6,000 to £20,000 for the 2005 awards.<ref name="University boosts James Tait Black Prize">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/051125prize.html
|publisher=University of Edinburgh
|title=University boosts James Tait Black Prizes
|date=November 28, 2005

}}</ref> This increase made the two annual prizes, one for [[fiction]] and the other for [[biography]], the largest literary prizes on offer in Scotland.<ref name="Ali Smith hits the shortlists again">{{

cite news
|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,1765877,00.html
|publisher=The Guardian
|title=Ali Smith hits the shortlists again
|date=May 2, 2006
| location=London
| first=Michelle
| last=Pauli
| accessdate=May 5, 2010
}}</ref> The University is advised in relation to the development and administration of the Prize by a small committee which includes [[Ian Rankin]], [[Alexander McCall Smith]] and [[James Naughtie]] amongst its members. In August 2007 the prize ceremony was held at the [[Edinburgh International Book Festival]] for the first time.<ref name="James Tait Black Memorial Prize Ceremony">{{

cite news
|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/ceremony.html
|publisher=The University of Edinburgh
|title=James Tait Black Memorial Prize Ceremony
|date=June 8, 2007

}}</ref>

==Eligibility==
Only those works of fiction and biographies written in English and first published in Britain in the 12 month period prior to the submission date are eligible for the award. Both prizes may go to the same author, but neither prize can be awarded to the same author on more than one occasion.

==Complete list of Winners==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"

! Year || Fiction Award || Year || Biography Award
|-
| 1919 || [[Hugh Walpole]], ''The Secret City'' || 1919 || [[Henry Festing Jones]], ''Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835-1902) - A Memoir'' ([[Samuel Butler (1835-1902)|Samuel Butler]]) 
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1920 || [[D. H. Lawrence]], ''[[The Lost Girl]]'' || 1920 || [[G. M. Trevelyan]], ''Lord Grey of the Reform Bill'' ([[Earl Grey]])
|-
| 1921 || [[Walter de la Mare]], ''Memoirs of a Midget'' || 1921 || [[Lytton Strachey]], ''Queen Victoria'' ([[Queen Victoria]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1922 || [[David Garnett]], ''[[Lady into Fox]]'' || 1922 || [[Percy Lubbock]], ''Earlham''
|-
| 1923 || [[Arnold Bennett]], ''[[Riceyman Steps]]'' || 1923 || [[Ronald Ross]], ''Memoirs, Etc.'' (autobiography)
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1924 || [[E. M. Forster]], ''[[A Passage to India]]'' || 1924 || William Wilson, ''The House of Airlie'' (The [[Earl of Airlie|Earls of Airlie]])
|-
| 1925 || [[Liam O'Flaherty]], ''[[The Informer (novel)|The Informer]]'' || 1925 || [[Geoffrey Scott (architectural historian)|Geoffrey Scott]], ''The Portrait of Zelide'' ([[Isabelle de Charrière]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1926 || [[Radclyffe Hall]], ''Adam's Breed'' || 1926 || [[Herbert Brook Workman|Reverend Dr H. B. Workman]], ''John Wyclif: A Study of the English Medieval Church'' ([[John Wyclif]])
|-
| 1927 || [[Francis Brett Young]], ''Portrait of Clare'' || 1927 || [[H. A. L. Fisher]], ''James Bryce, Viscount Bryce of Dechmont, O.M.'' ([[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1928 || [[Siegfried Sassoon]], ''[[Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man]]'' || 1928 || [[John Buchan]], ''Montrose'' ([[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|James Graham]])<ref>Scholarly revision of Buchan's earlier "The Marquis of Montrose" (1913)</ref>
|-
| 1929 || [[J. B. Priestley]], ''[[The Good Companions]]'' || 1929 || [[Lord David Cecil]], ''The Stricken Deer: or The Life of Cowper'' ([[William Cowper]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1930 || [[E. H. Young]], ''Miss Mole'' || 1930 || [[Francis Yeats-Brown]], ''Lives of a Bengal Lancer'' (autobiography)
|-
| 1931 || [[Kate O'Brien]], ''Without My Cloak'' || 1931 || [[J. Y. T. Greig]], ''David Hume'' ([[David Hume]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1932 || [[Helen de Guerry Simpson]], ''Boomerang''|| 1932 || [[Stephen Gwynn]], ''The Life of Mary Kingsley'' ([[Mary Kingsley]])
|-
| 1933 || [[A. G. Macdonell]], ''[[England, Their England]]'' || 1933 || [[Violet Clifton]], ''The Book of Talbot'' ([[John Talbot Clifton]])<ref>Biography of the explorer John Talbot Clifton (1868-1928), father of Harry Clifton (Henry Talbot de Vere Clifton, dedicatee of W.B. Yeats' poem ''Lapis Lazuli'')</ref>
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1934 || [[Robert Graves]], ''[[I, Claudius]]'' and ''Claudius the God'' || 1934 || [[J. E. Neale]], ''Queen Elizabeth'' ([[Elizabeth I of England]])
|-
| 1935 || [[L. H. Myers]], ''The Root and the Flower'' || 1935 || [[Raymond Wilson Chambers]], ''Thomas More'' ([[Thomas More]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1936 || [[Winifred Holtby]], ''[[South Riding (novel)|South Riding]]'' || 1936 || [[Edward Sackville West]], ''A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of Thomas de Quincey'' ([[Thomas de Quincey]])
|-
| 1937 || [[Neil M. Gunn]], ''Highland River'' || 1937 || [[Lord Eustace Percy]], ''John Knox'' ([[John Knox]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1938 || [[C. S. Forester]], ''[[A Ship of the Line]]'' and ''[[Flying Colours (novel)|Flying Colours]]'' || 1938 || Sir [[Edmund Chambers]], ''Samuel Taylor Coleridge'' ([[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]])
|-
| 1939 || [[Aldous Huxley]], ''[[After Many a Summer|After Many a Summer Dies the Swan]]'' || 1939 || [[David C. Douglas]], ''English Scholars''<ref>Includes studies of antiquaries including [[Elias Ashmole]], [[William Dugdale]], [[Thomas Hearne (antiquarian)|Thomas Hearne]], [[George Hickes]], [[Thomas Madox]], [[John Nalson]], [[Edward Thwaites]] and [[Humfrey Wanley]]</ref>
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1940 || [[Charles Langbridge Morgan|Charles Morgan]], ''The Voyage'' || 1940 || [[Hilda F. M. Prescott]], ''Spanish Tudor: Mary I of England'' ([[Mary I of England]])
|-
| 1941 || [[Joyce Cary]], ''A House of Children'' || 1941 || John Gore, ''King George V'' ([[George V]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1942 || [[Arthur Waley]], Translation of ''[[Monkey (book)|Monkey]]'' by [[Wu Cheng'en]] || 1942 || [[Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede]], ''Henry Ponsonby: Queen Victoria's Private Secretary'' ([[Henry Ponsonby]])
|-
| 1943 || [[Mary Lavin]], ''Tales from Bective Bridge'' || 1943 || [[G. G. Coulton]], ''Fourscore Years'' (autobiography)
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1944 || [[Forrest Reid]], ''Young Tom'' || 1944 || [[C. V. Wedgwood]], ''William the Silent'' ([[William the Silent]])
|-
| 1945 || [[Leonard Strong|L. A. G. Strong]], ''Travellers'' || 1945 || [[D. S. MacColl]], ''Philip Wilson Steer'' ([[Philip Wilson Steer]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1946 || [[Oliver Onions]], ''Poor Man's Tapestry'' || 1946 || [[Richard Aldington]], ''A Life of Wellington: The Duke'' ([[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]])
|-
| 1947 || [[L. P. Hartley]], ''Eustace and Hilda'' || 1947 || [[Rev. C. C. E. Raven]], ''English Naturalists from Neckam to Ray'' ([[Alexander Neckam]] and [[John Ray]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1948 || [[Graham Greene]], ''[[The Heart of the Matter]]'' || 1948 || [[Percy A. Scholes]], ''The Great Dr. Burney'' ([[Charles Burney]])
|-
| 1949 || [[Emma Smith (author)|Emma Smith]], ''The Far Cry'' || 1949 || [[John Connell]], ''W. E. Henley'' ([[W. E. Henley]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1950 || [[Robert Henriques]], ''Through the Valley'' || 1950 || [[Cecil Woodham-Smith]], ''Florence Nightingale'' ([[Florence Nightingale]])
|-
| 1951 || [[Chapman Mortimer]], ''Father Goose'' || 1951 || [[Noel Annan]], ''Leslie Stephen'' ([[Leslie Stephen]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1952 || [[Evelyn Waugh]], ''[[Sword of Honour|Men at Arms]]'' || 1952 || [[G. M. Young]], ''Stanley Baldwin'' ([[Stanley Baldwin]])
|-
| 1953 || [[Margaret Kennedy]], ''Troy Chimneys'' || 1953 || [[Carola Oman]], ''Sir John Moore'' ([[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1954 || [[C. P. Snow]], ''The New Men'' and ''The Masters'' || 1954 || [[Keith Feiling]], ''Warren Hastings'' ([[Warren Hastings]])
|-
| 1955 || [[Ivy Compton-Burnett]], ''Mother and Son'' || 1955 || [[R. W. Ketton-Cremer]], ''Thomas Gray'' ([[Thomas Gray]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1956 || [[Rose Macaulay]], ''[[The Towers of Trebizond]]'' || 1956 || [[St John Greer Ervine]], ''George Bernard Shaw'' ([[George Bernard Shaw]])
|-
| 1957 || [[Anthony Powell]], ''[[At Lady Molly's]]'' || 1957 || [[Maurice Cranston]], ''Life of John Locke'' ([[John Locke]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1958 || [[Angus Wilson]], ''[[The Middle Age of Mrs. Eliot]]'' || 1958 || [[Joyce Hemlow]], ''The History of Fanny Burney'' ([[Fanny Burney]])
|-
| 1959 || [[Morris West]], ''[[The Devil's Advocate (novel)|The Devil's Advocate]]'' || 1959 || [[Christopher Hassall]], ''Edward Marsh'' ([[Edward Marsh (polymath)|Edward Marsh]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1960 || [[Rex Warner]], ''Imperial Caesar'' || 1960 || Canon [[Adam Fox]], ''The Life of Dean Inge'' ([[Dean Inge]])
|-
| 1961 || [[Jennifer Dawson]], ''The Ha-Ha'' || 1961 || [[M. K. Ashby]], ''Joseph Ashby of Tysoe'' ([[Joseph Ashby]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1962 || [[Ronald Hardy]], ''Act of Destruction'' || 1962 || [[Meriol Trevor]], ''Newman: The Pillar and the Cloud'' and ''Newman: Light in Winter'' ([[John Henry Newman]])
|-
| 1963 || [[Gerda Charles]], ''A Slanting Light'' || 1963 || [[Georgina Battiscombe]], ''John Keble: A Study in Limitations'' ([[John Keble]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1964 || [[Frank Tuohy]], ''The Ice Saints'' || 1964 || [[Elizabeth Longford]], ''Victoria R.I.'' ([[Queen Victoria]])
|-
| 1965 || [[Muriel Spark]], ''[[The Mandelbaum Gate]]'' || 1965 || [[Mary Moorman]], ''William Wordsworth: The Later Years 1803-1850'' ([[William Wordsworth]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1966 || [[Christine Brooke-Rose]], ''Such'', and [[Aidan Higgins]], ''Langrishe, Go Down'' || 1966 || [[Geoffrey Keynes]], ''The Life of William Harvey'' ([[William Harvey]])
|-
| 1967 || [[Margaret Drabble]], ''Jerusalem The Golden'' || 1967 || [[Winifred Gérin]], ''Charlotte Brontë: The Evolution of Genius'' ([[Charlotte Brontë]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1968 || [[Maggie Ross]], ''The Gasteropod'' || 1968 || [[Gordon Haight]], ''George Eliot'' ([[George Eliot]])
|-
| 1969 || [[Elizabeth Bowen]], ''[[Eva Trout (novel)|Eva Trout]]'' || 1969 || [[Antonia Fraser]], ''Mary, Queen of Scots'' ([[Mary, Queen of Scots]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1970 || [[Lily Powell]], ''The Bird of Paradise'' || 1970 || [[Jasper Ridley]], ''Lord Palmerston'' ([[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston]])
|-
| 1971 || [[Nadine Gordimer]], ''A Guest of Honour'' || 1971 || [[Julia Namier]], ''Lewis Namier'' ([[Lewis Namier]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1972 || [[John Berger]], ''[[G. (novel)|G]]'' || 1972 || [[Quentin Bell]], ''Virginia Woolf'' ([[Virginia Woolf]])
|-
| 1973 || [[Iris Murdoch]], ''[[The Black Prince (novel)|The Black Prince]]'' || 1973 || [[Robin Lane Fox]], ''Alexander the Great'' ([[Alexander the Great]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1974 || [[Lawrence Durrell]], ''[[Monsieur (novel)|Monsieur: or, The Prince of Darkness]]'' || 1974 || [[John Wain]], ''Samuel Johnson'' ([[Samuel Johnson]])
|-
| 1975 || [[Brian Moore (novelist)|Brian Moore]], ''The Great Victorian Collection'' || 1975 || [[Karl Miller]], ''Cockburn's Millennium'' ([[Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn|Henry Cockburn]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1976 || [[John Banville]], ''Doctor Copernicus'' || 1976 || [[Ronald Hingley]], ''A New Life of Chekhov'' ([[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]])
|-
| 1977 || [[John le Carré]], ''[[The Honourable Schoolboy]]'' || 1977 || [[George Painter]], ''Chateaubriand: Volume 1 - The Longed-For Tempests'' ([[François-René de Chateaubriand]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1978 || [[Maurice Gee]], ''Plumb'' || 1978 || [[Robert Gittings]], ''The Older Hardy'' ([[Thomas Hardy]])
|-
| 1979 || [[William Golding]], ''[[Darkness Visible (Golding)|Darkness Visible]]'' || 1979 || [[Brian Finney]], ''Christopher Isherwood: A Critical Biography'' ([[Christopher Isherwood]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1980 || [[J. M. Coetzee]], ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' || 1980 || [[Robert B. Martin]], ''Tennyson: The Unquiet Heart'' ([[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Alfred Tennyson]])
|-
| 1981 || [[Salman Rushdie]], ''[[Midnight's Children]]'', and [[Paul Theroux]], ''[[The Mosquito Coast]]'' || 1981 || [[Victoria Glendinning]], ''Edith Sitwell: Unicorn Among Lions'' ([[Edith Sitwell]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1982 || [[Bruce Chatwin]], ''[[On The Black Hill]]'' || 1982 || [[Richard Ellmann]], ''James Joyce'' ([[James Joyce]])
|-
| 1983 || [[Jonathan Keates]], ''Allegro Postillions'' || 1983 || [[Alan Walker (writer on music)|Alan Walker]], ''Franz Liszt: The Virtuoso Years'' ([[Franz Liszt]])
|-bgcolor="silver"
| 1984 || [[J. G. Ballard]], ''[[Empire of the Sun]]'', and [[Angela Carter]], ''[[Nights at the Circus]]'' || 1984 || [[Lyndall Gordon]], ''Virginia Woolf: A Writer's Life'' ([[Virginia Woolf]])
|-
| 1985 || [[Robert Edric]], ''Winter Garden'' || 1985 || [[David Nokes]], ''Jonathan Swift: A Hypocrite Reversed'' ([[Jonathan Swift]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1986 || [[Jenny Joseph]], ''Persephone'' || 1986 || Dame [[Felicitas Corrigan]], ''Helen Waddell'' ([[Helen Waddell]])
|-
| 1987 || [[George Mackay Brown]], ''The Golden Bird: Two Orkney Stories'' || 1987 || [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]], ''Victor Gollancz: A Biography'' ([[Victor Gollancz]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1988 || [[Piers Paul Read]], ''A Season in the West'' || 1988 || [[Brian McGuinness]], ''Wittgenstein, A Life: Young Ludwig (1889-1921)'' ([[Ludwig Wittgenstein]])
|-
| 1989 || [[James Kelman]], ''[[A Disaffection]]'' || 1989 || [[Ian Gibson (author)|Ian Gibson]], ''Federico García Lorca: A Life'' ([[Federico García Lorca]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1990 || [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]], ''[[Brazzaville Beach]]'' || 1990 || [[Claire Tomalin]], ''The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens'' ([[Ellen Ternan]] and [[Charles Dickens]])
|-
| 1991 || [[Iain Sinclair]], ''Downriver'' || 1991 || [[Adrian Desmond]] and [[James Moore (biographer)|James Moore]], ''Darwin'' ([[Charles Darwin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1992 || [[Rose Tremain]], ''[[Sacred Country]]'' || 1992 || [[Charles Nicholl (author)|Charles Nicholl]], ''The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe'' ([[Christopher Marlowe]])
|-
| 1993 || [[Caryl Phillips]], ''[[Crossing the River]]'' || 1993 || [[Richard Holmes (biographer)|Richard Holmes]], ''Dr Johnson and Mr Savage'' ([[Samuel Johnson]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1994 || [[Alan Hollinghurst]], ''[[The Folding Star]]'' || 1994 || [[Doris Lessing]], ''[[Under My Skin (book)|Under My Skin]]''
|-
| 1995 || [[Christopher Priest (English novelist)|Christopher Priest]], ''[[The Prestige]]'' || 1995 || [[Gitta Sereny]], ''Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth'' ([[Albert Speer]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1996 || [[Graham Swift]], ''[[Last Orders]]'', and [[Alice Thompson]], ''Justine'' || 1996 || [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]], ''Thomas Cranmer: A Life'' ([[Thomas Cranmer]])
|-
| 1997 || [[Andrew Miller (novelist)|Andrew Miller]], ''[[Ingenious Pain]]'' || 1997 || [[R. F. Foster (historian)|R. F. Foster]], ''W. B. Yeats: A Life, Volume 1 - The Apprentice Mage 1965-1914'' ([[William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 1998 || [[Beryl Bainbridge]], ''[[Master Georgie]]'' || 1998 || [[Peter Ackroyd]], ''The Life of Thomas More'' ([[Thomas More]])
|-
| 1999 || [[Timothy Mo]], ''Renegade, or Halo2'' || 1999 || [[Kathryn Hughes]], ''George Eliot: The Last Victorian'' ([[George Eliot]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2000 || [[Zadie Smith]], ''[[White Teeth]]'' || 2000 || [[Martin Amis]], ''Experience''
|-
| 2001 || [[Sid Smith (writer)|Sid Smith]], ''Something Like a House'' || 2001 || [[Robert Skidelsky]], ''John Maynard Keynes: Volume 3 - Fighting for Britain 1937-1946'' ([[John Maynard Keynes]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2002 || [[Jonathan Franzen]], ''[[The Corrections]]'' || 2002 || [[Jenny Uglow]], ''The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made the Future 1730-1810'' ([[Lunar Society of Birmingham]])
|-
| 2003 || [[Andrew O'Hagan]], ''Personality'' || 2003 || [[Janet Browne]], ''Charles Darwin: Volume 2 - The Power of Place'' ([[Charles Darwin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2004 || [[David Peace]], ''GB84'' || 2004 || [[Jonathan Bate]], ''John Clare: A Biography'' ([[John Clare]])
|-
| 2005 || [[Ian McEwan]], ''[[Saturday (novel)|Saturday]]'' || 2005 || [[Sue Prideaux]], ''Edvard Munch: Behind the Scream'' ([[Edvard Munch]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2006 || [[Cormac McCarthy]], ''[[The Road (novel)|The Road]]'' || 2006 || [[Byron Rogers (author)|Byron Rogers]], ''The Man Who Went Into the West: The Life of R. S. Thomas'' ([[R. S. Thomas]])
|-
| 2007 || [[Rosalind Belben]], ''Our Horses in Egypt'' || 2007 || [[Rosemary Hill]], ''God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain'' ([[Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin|Augustus Pugin]])
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2008 || [[Sebastian Barry]], ''[[The Secret Scripture]]'' || 2008 || [[Michael Holroyd]], ''A Strange Eventful History'' (The families of [[Ellen Terry]] and [[Henry Irving]])
|-
| 2009 || [[A. S. Byatt]], ''[[The Children's Book]]'' || 2009 || [[John Carey (critic)|John Carey]], ''William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies'' ([[William Golding]])
|-
|- bgcolor="silver"
| 2010 || [[Tatjana Soli]], ''[[The Lotus Eaters (novel)|The Lotus Eaters]]'' || 2010 || [[Hilary Spurling]], ''Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China'' ([[Pearl Buck]])<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/uk/Dazzling-tale-of-Ms-Saigon.6821899.jp
|publisher=The Scotsman
|title=Dazzling tale of Ms Saigon takes top award
|date=August 20, 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || [[Padgett Powell]], ''You and I'' || 2011 || [[Fiona MacCarthy]], ''The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination'' ([[Edward Burne-Jones]])
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/tait-black James Tait Black Prizes homepage, University of Edinburgh]
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/200708_25_JTBAward.wvx Windows Media Video report of the 2007 James Tait Black Prize ceremony]
* [http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/ James Tait Black Prizes homepage, University of Edinburgh]
* [http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2008/10/booker-prize-british-literary New Statesman article on the James Tait Black and Booker prizes]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/arts/openbook/openbook_20060430.shtml James Tait Black feature on the BBC Radio 4's 'Open Book' (includes audio link)]

[[Category:Scottish literary awards]]
[[Category:Fiction awards]]
[[Category:Biography awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1919]]
[[Category:University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:1919 establishments in Scotland]]

[[de:James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]
[[fr:Prix James Tait Black Memorial]]
[[ko:제임스 테이트 블랙 기념상]]
[[it:James Tait Black Memorial Prize]]
[[ja:ジェイムズ・テイト・ブラック記念賞]]
[[zh:詹姆斯·泰特·布莱克纪念奖]]

Fiona MacCarthy

2012-10-09T22:30:37Z

86.40.98.173:

'''Fiona MacCarthy''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (born 1940) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[biographer]] and [[cultural history|cultural historian]] best known for her studies of 19th and 20th century [[arts]], [[crafts]] and [[design]].

==Early life and education==
Fiona MacCarthy was born into an atmosphere of wealth and privilege, from which she spent much of her life escaping. Her father, an army officer, was killed in [[World War 2]] when she was a child of three. She spent her early childhood in London. Her grandmother, the Baroness de Belabre, was a daughter of Sir Robert McAlpine who built and owned the Dorchester Hotel and much of her childhood was spent in the hotel, living the life of Eloise at the Plaza. The hotel's concrete construction was said to make it bomb-proof and her whole family, as well as leading politicians, socialites and military commanders, took refuge in the Dorchester during the Blitz.

She was educated at [[Wycombe Abbey School]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2011/sep/02/fiona-maccarthy-life-writing Paul Laity. ''The Guardian'', 2 Sept 2011. "A life in writing: Fiona MacCarthy"]</ref> In 1958, the final year of this 200 year old ritual, she was [[debutante|presented to the Queen]], an experience she recounts in her 2007 memoir, ''Last Curtsey: the End of the Debutantes''. She was one of only four of that year's debutantes to go on to university, in her case taking a degree in [[English Literature]] at [[Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford]].

==Career==
She started her career on the Guardian in the 1960s as a features writer and columnist before becoming a biographer and critic. She first came to fame as a biographer with a controversial study of the Roman Catholic craftsman and sculptor [[Eric Gill]]. MacCarthy is well known for her arts essays and reviews, appearing regularly in ''[[The Guardian]]''<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/fionamaccarthy Profile on ''The Guardian'' site]</ref>, the ''[[Times Literary Supplement]]'' and ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''. She contributes frequently to TV and radio arts programmes.

==Personal life==
Her first marriage, to a business executive, ended in divorce. In 1966 she married the Sheffield-based silversmith and cutlery designer [[David Mellor (designer)|David Mellor]]. She first met him when she went to interview him for [[The Guardian]]. They had two children Corin and Clare, both of whom have now become designers. After suffering for some years from dementia David Mellor died in May 2009.

==Awards and honours==
She is a [[Fellow]] of the [[Royal Society of Literature]] (1997),<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows|title = Royal Society of Literature All Fellows|publisher= Royal Society of Literature|accessdate = 10 August 2010}}</ref> an Honorary Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, and a Senior Fellow of the [[Royal College of Art]]. In 1987 the Royal Society of Arts awarded her the Bicentenary Medal for services to art and design.

MacCarthy was appointed [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2009 [[Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=59090 |date=13 June 2009 |startpage=11 |supp=yes }}</ref> She holds honorary doctorates from the [[University of Sheffield]] and [[Sheffield Hallam University]]. She is president of the [[Twentieth Century Society]] and a vice-president of the [[Victorian Society]].

Her biography ''William Morris: A Life for our Time'' was winner of the [[Wolfson History Prize]] and the [[Writers' Guild]] Non-fiction Award. ''The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination'' won the 2012 James Tait Black prize for Biography. She is now writing a life of Walter Gropius.

==Works==
She has always been especially interested in the meeting point between the visual and verbal. Counter-culture movements have fascinated her and she has written widely on the idealistic arts and crafts communities that followed on from William Morris. Her approach to biography has been in concentrating on a single central figure as a means to opening out a whole, richly complex social and intellectual scene.

*1972 ''All Things Bright and Beautiful: British Design 1830 to Today''
*1981 ''The Simple Life: C. R. Ashbee in the Cotswolds''
*1984 ''The Omega Workshops: Decorative Arts of Bloomsbury''
*1989 ''Eric Gill'' (ISBN 0-571-13754-7)
*1994 ''William Morris: A Life for our Time'' (ISBN 0-394-58531-3)
*1997 ''Stanley Spencer: An English Vision''
*2002 ''Byron: Life and Legend'' (ISBN 0-7195-5621-X)
*2007 ''Last Curtsey: The End of the Debutantes'' (ISBN 0-571-22859-3)
*2011 ''The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination'' (ISBN 978-0-571-22861-4)

==Exhibitions==
She has curated the following exhibitions:
*''Homespun to Highspeed: British Design 1860 to 1960'' for [[Sheffield Museums and Art Galleries]], 1979
*''The Omega Workshops: Decorative Arts of Bloomsbury'' for the [[Crafts Council]], 1984
*''Eye for Industry: retrospective of the Royal Designers'' for the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], 1986
*''Byron'' for the [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]], 2002

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Fiona MacCarthy: The Last Debutante'' [http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/fiona-maccarthy-the-last-debutante-418834.html] by Matthew J Reisz, ''[[The Independent]]'', 6 October 2006
*''Fiona MacCarthy: A Life in Writing'' [http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2011/sep/02/fiona-maccarthy-life-writing] by Paul Laity, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 2 September 2011

==External links==
*[http://www.lmh.ox.ac.uk/Tutors/Lecturers-%281%29/Profiles/Dr-Fiona-McCarthy.aspx Official site at Lady Margaret Hall]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Maccarthy, Fiona
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1940
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Maccarthy, Fiona}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:People from London]]
[[Category:People educated at Wycombe Abbey]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English biographers]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]

Padgett Powell

2012-10-09T22:30:20Z

86.40.98.173:

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Padgett Powell
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|4|25}}
| birth_place = [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]], [[Florida]], [[United States|U.S.]]
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| occupation = [[Novel]]ist, [[short story]] writer
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| period = 1983–present
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}}
'''Padgett Powell''' (born April 25, 1952)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://writersalmanac.publicradio.org/programs/2000/04/24/index.html|date= 2000-04-25|accessdate= 2008-05-06| title= The Writer's Almanac, Broadcast Date: Tuesday: April 25, 2000|work= [[American Public Radio]]}}</ref> is an [[United States|American]] [[novel]]ist in the [[Southern literature|Southern literary]] tradition. His [[debut novel]], ''Edisto'' (1984), was nominated for the [[National Book Award|American Book Award]] and was excerpted in ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1983/11/14/1983_11_14_049_TNY_CARDS_000335283|date= 1983-11-14|accessdate= 2008-05-06| title= Abstract: Padgett Powell, Fiction, "Edisto"|work= [[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> Powell has written four more novels—including ''Edisto Revisited'' (1996), a sequel to his debut, ''Mrs. Hollingsworth's Men'' (2000), and ''The Interrogative Mood: A Novel?'' (2009), his most recent—and two collections of [[short story|short stories]]. In addition to ''The New Yorker'', Powell's work has appeared in ''[[The Paris Review]]'', ''[[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]]'', ''[[Grand Street (magazine)|Grand Street]]'', ''[[Oxford American]]'', ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'', and other publications. Powell has been a writing professor at the [[University of Florida]] since 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.english.ufl.edu/faculty/ppowell/index.html|date= Undated|accessdate= 2008-05-06| title= "Padgett Powell" (faculty page)|work= [[University of Florida]], Department of English}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
*1984 [[National Book Award|American Book Award]], nomination, ''Edisto''
*1986 [[Whiting Writers' Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.whitingfoundation.org/recipients.html|year= 2007|accessdate= 2008-05-06| title= Recipients of the Whiting Writers Award 2005–1985|work= Mrs. Giles Whiting Foundation}}</ref>
*1987 Rome Fellowship in Literature from [[The American Academy of Arts and Letters]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.artsandletters.org/awards_popup.php?abbrev|date= Undated|accessdate= 2008-05-06| title= Rome Fellowship in Literature|work= [[The American Academy of Arts and Letters]] |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080505053632/http://www.artsandletters.org/awards_popup.php?abbrev  |archivedate = 2008-05-05}}</ref>
*2011 [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]], ''You & Me''

==Works==
'''Novels'''
* ''Edisto'' (1984)
* ''A Woman Named Drown'' (1987)
* ''Edisto Revisited'' (1996)
* ''Mrs. Hollingsworth's Men'' (2000)
* ''The Interrogative Mood: A Novel?'' (2009)
* ''You & Me'' (2012)

'''Story collections'''
* ''Typical'' (1991)
* ''Aliens of Affection'' (1998)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://thefastertimes.com/writersonwriting/2010/01/27/i-kept-writing-them-michael-kimball-interviews-padgett-powell/ Interview with Padgett Powell] at "[[The Faster Times]]"
* [http://www.english.ufl.edu/faculty/ppowell/index.html Padgett Powell faculty page] at the [[University of Florida]], Department of English
* [http://www.believermag.com/issues/200609/?read=interview_powell 2006 interview] in ''[[The Believer (magazine)|The Believer]]''
* [http://www.mississippireview.com/1996/0196padg.html "Wayne in the Desert"], a short story from ''Mississippi Review'' (1996)
* [http://www.unsaidmagazine.com/magazine/issue1/powell_dizzy.html "Dizzy"], a short story from "Unsaid Magazine" Vol. 1, n. 1
* {{OL_author|id=OL386031A}}


{{Persondata
|NAME = Powell, Padgett
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[Novel]]ist, [[short story]] writer
|DATE OF BIRTH = April 25, 1952
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]], [[Florida]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|DATE OF DEATH =
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Powell, Padgett}}
[[Category:American novelists]]
[[Category:American short story writers]]
[[Category:University of Florida faculty]]
[[Category:University of Houston alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients]]