Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

2014 Thomas & Uber Cup

2014-05-25T12:21:11Z

220.255.2.26: /* Final */

{{infobox badminton event
|name = 2014 Thomas & Uber Cup
|image = 2014 Thomas Uber Cup logo.png
|size = 250px
|caption =
|dates = 18 May – 25 May
|number_edition = 28th (Thomas Cup) 25th (Uber Cup)
|level = 1
|prize_money =
|other =
|venue = [[Siri Fort Sports Complex]]
|location = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
}}

The '''2014 Thomas & Uber Cup''' is the 28th tournament of the [[Thomas Cup]] and 25th tournament of the [[Uber Cup]]. It will be held from May 18–25, 2014 at the [[Siri Fort Sports Complex]] in [[New Delhi]], [[India]].

==Qualifiers==
{| class=wikitable
!rowspan=2|Confederation
!colspan=2|Qualifier
|-
!Thomas Cup
!Uber Cup
|-
|Asia
|{{Bd|Indonesia}} {{Bd|Malaysia}} {{Bd|Japan}} {{Bd|South Korea}} {{Bd|Thailand}} {{Bd|Chinese Taipei}} {{Bd|Hong Kong}} {{Bd|Singapore}}
|{{Bd|Indonesia}} {{Bd|Malaysia}} {{Bd|Japan}} {{Bd|South Korea}} {{Bd|Thailand}} {{Bd|Chinese Taipei}} {{Bd|Hong Kong}} {{Bd|Singapore}}
|-
|Europe
|{{Bd|Denmark}} {{Bd|Germany}} {{Bd|England}} {{Bd|Russia}} {{Bd|France}}
|{{Bd|Denmark}} {{Bd|Germany}} {{Bd|Bulgaria}} {{Bd|England}}
|-

|Pan Am
| -
|{{Bd|Canada}}
|-
|Oceania
| -
|{{Bd|Australia}}
|-
|Africa
|{{Bd|Nigeria}}
| -
|-
|Defending Champions
|{{Bd|China}}
|{{Bd|China}}
|-
|Host
|{{Bd|India}}
|{{Bd|India}}
|}

==Seedings==
All the seeding list based on March 6, 2014 world rankings as the draw was conducted on March 30, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=541593&dl=1 |title=Thomas Cup and Uber Cup team seeding and qualifiers |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation|BWF]] |date=2014-03-01 |accessdate=2012-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=542178&dl=1|title=DRAWS: 2014 Thomas Cup Finals |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation|BWF]]|accessdate=2014-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=542179&dl=1|title=DRAWS: 2014 Uber Cup Finals |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation|BWF]]|accessdate=2014-03-30}}</ref> The top four seeding teams is in first pot, follow by next four teams in the second pot, the next four teams in the third pot, and the last four teams was in the fourth pot.

For the knock out draw, to be held immediately after the group stage is completed.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Thomas Cup
#{{Bd|Indonesia}}
#{{Bd|China}}
#{{Bd|Malaysia}}
#{{Bd|Japan}}
#{{Bd|Denmark}}
#{{Bd|South Korea}}
#{{Bd|Thailand}}
#{{Bd|Chinese Taipei}}
#{{Bd|India}}
#{{Bd|Hong Kong}}
#{{Bd|Germany}}
#{{Bd|England}}
#{{Bd|Russia}}
#{{Bd|France}}
#{{Bd|Singapore}}
#{{Bd|Nigeria}}
{{col-2}}
;Uber Cup
#{{Bd|China}}
#{{Bd|Japan}}
#{{Bd|Thailand}}
#{{Bd|South Korea}}
#{{Bd|Indonesia}}
#{{Bd|Denmark}}
#{{Bd|India}}
#{{Bd|Chinese Taipei}}
#{{Bd|Germany}}
#{{Bd|Hong Kong}}
#{{Bd|Singapore}}
#{{Bd|Malaysia}}
#{{Bd|Russia}}
#{{Bd|England}}
#{{Bd|Canada}}
#{{Bd|Australia}}
{{col-end}}

==Squads==
{{details|2014 Thomas & Uber Cup squads}}

==Thomas Cup==
===Groups===
{{main|2014 Thomas Cup group stage}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
====Group A====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=11 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|Indonesia}}'''||'''6''' ||3 ||3 ||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|Thailand}}'''||'''4''' ||3 ||2 ||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Singapore}}||'''2''' ||3 ||1 ||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Nigeria}}||'''0''' ||3 ||0 ||3
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

====Group B====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=12 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|Japan}}'''||'''6'''||3||3||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|Denmark}}'''||'''4'''||3||2||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Hong Kong}}||'''2'''||3||1||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|England}}||'''0'''||3||0||3
|}
{{col-end}}

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

====Group C====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=13 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Malaysia}}||'''6'''||3 ||3 ||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|South Korea}}||'''4''' ||3 || 2||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|India}}||'''2'''||3 ||1 ||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Germany}}||'''0''' ||3 || 0||3
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

====Group D====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=14 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|China}}'''||'''6'''||3 ||3 ||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|France}}'''||'''4''' ||3 ||2 ||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Chinese Taipei}}||'''2''' ||3 ||1 ||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Russia}}||'''0''' ||3 ||0 ||3
|}
{{col-end}}

===Knockout stage===
{{Round8


|22 May 2014|'''{{Bd|China}}'''|'''3'''|{{Bd|Thailand}}|0
|22 May 2014|'''{{Bd|Japan}}'''|'''3'''|{{Bd|France}}|1
|22 May 2014|{{Bd|Denmark}}|1|'''{{Bd|Malaysia}}'''|'''3'''
|22 May 2014|{{Bd|South Korea}}|2|'''{{Bd|Indonesia}}'''|'''3'''

|23 May 2014|{{Bd|China}}|0|'''{{Bd|Japan}}'''|'''3'''
|23 May 2014|'''{{Bd|Malaysia}}'''|'''3'''|{{Bd|Indonesia}}|0

|25 May 2014|{{Bd|Japan}}||{{Bd|Malaysia}}||
}}

====Quarterfinals====
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=China
|team2=Thailand
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 1
|date=22 May 2014 12:00
|score1=3
|score2=0
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Chen Long]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Boonsak Ponsana]] |16 |8 |}}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Chai Biao]] |T1P2=[[Hong Wei]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Maneepong Jongjit]] |T2P2=[[Nipitphon Puangpuapech]] |18 |14 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Du Pengyu]] |21 |22 | |T2P1=[[Tanongsak Saensomboonsuk]] |14 |20 |}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Fu Haifeng]] |T1P2=[[Zhang Nan]] | | | |T2P1=[[Wannawat Ampunsuwan]] |T2P2=[[Patiphat Chalardchaleam]] | | |np=}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Lin Dan]] | | | |T2P1=[[Sudket Prapakamol]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=Japan
|team2=France
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 3
|date=22 May 2014 12:00
|score1=3
|score2=1
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Kenichi Tago]] |14 |21 |16 |T2P1=[[Brice Leverdez]] |21 |15 |21 }}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Sho Sasaki]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Lucas Corvee]] |12 |11 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Takeshi Kamura]] |T1P2=[[Keigo Sonoda]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Bastian Kersaudy]] |T2P2=[[Gaetan Mittelheisser]] |8 |13 |}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Takuma Ueda]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Thomas Rouxel]] |13 |12 |}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Hiroyuki Endo]] |T1P2=[[Kenichi Hayakawa]] | | | |T2P1=[[Lucas Corvee]] |T2P2=[[Brice Leverdez]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=Denmark
|team2=Malaysia
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 2
|date=22 May 2014 18:00
|score1=1
|score2=3
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Jan O Jorgensen]] |22 |14 |17 |T2P1=[[Lee Chong Wei]] |20 |21 |21 }}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Mads Conrad-Petersen]] |T1P2=[[Mads Pieler Kolding]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Hoon Thien How]] |T2P2=[[Tan Boon Heong]] |14 |18 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Hans-Kristian Vittinghus]] |21 |14 |8 |T2P1=[[Chong Wei Feng]] |19 |21 |21}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Joachim Fischer Nielsen]] |T1P2=[[Carsten Mogensen]] |19 |13 | |T2P1=[[Goh V Shem]] |T2P2=[[Tan Wee Kiong]] |21 |21 |}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Viktor Axelsen]] | | | |T2P1=[[Daren Liew]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=South Korea
|team2=Indonesia
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 4
|date=22 May 2014 18:00
|score1=2
|score2=3
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Shon Wan-ho]] |23 |24 | |T2P1=[[Tommy Sugiarto]] |21 |22 | }}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Lee Yong-dae]] |T1P2=[[Yoo Yeon-seong]] |15 |21 |19 |T2P1=[[Mohammad Ahsan]] |T2P2=[[Hendra Setiawan]] |21 |17 |21}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Lee Dong-keun (badminton)|Lee Dong-keun]] |17 |16 | |T2P1=[[Dionysius Hayom Rumbaka]] |21 |21 |}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Kim Ki-jung]] |T1P2=[[Kim Sa-rang]] |21 |10 |21 |T2P1=[[Ryan Agung Saputra]] |T2P2=[[Angga Pratama]] |14 |21 |13}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Hwang Jong-soo]] |12 |20 | |T2P1=[[Simon Santoso]] |21 |22 |}}
}}

====Semifinals====
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=China
|team2=Japan
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 1
|date=23 May 2014 12:00
|score1=0
|score2=3
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Chen Long]] |13 |11 | |T2P1=[[Kenichi Tago]] |21 |21 |}}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Chai Biao]] |T1P2=[[Hong Wei]] |20 |19 | |T2P1=[[Hiroyuki Endo]] |T2P2=[[Kenichi Hayakawa]] |22 |21 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Du Pengyu]] |25 |18 |14 |T2P1=[[Kento Momota]] |23 |21 |21}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Fu Haifeng]] |T1P2=[[Zhang Nan]] | | | |T2P1=[[Takeshi Kamura]] |T2P2=[[Keigo Sonoda]] | | |np=}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Lin Dan]] | | | |T2P1=[[Sho Sasaki]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=Malaysia
|team2=Indonesia
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 2
|date=23 May 2014 18:00
|score1=3
|score2=0
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Lee Chong Wei]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Tommy Sugiarto]] |19 |13 |}}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Hoon Thien How]] |T1P2=[[Tan Boon Heong]] | 21| 8| 23|T2P1=[[Mohammad Ahsan]] |T2P2=[[Hendra Setiawan]] | 19| 21|21}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Chong Wei Feng]] | 21| 21| |T2P1=[[Dionysius Hayom Rumbaka]] | 10| 17|}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Goh V Shem]] |T1P2=[[Tan Wee Kiong]] | | | |T2P1=[[Angga Pratama]] |T2P2=[[Ryan Agung Saputra]] | | |np=}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Daren Liew]] | | | |T2P1=[[Simon Santoso]] | | |np=}}
}}

====Final====
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=Japan
|team2=Malaysia
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 1
|date=25 May 2014 15:00
|score1=1
|score2=3
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Kenichi Tago]] |12 |16 | |T2P1=[[Lee Chong Wei]] |21 |21 |}}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Kenichi Hayakawa]] |T1P2=[[Hiroyuki Endo]] |12 | 21 |21 |T2P1=[[Tan Boon Heong]] |T2P2=[[Hoon Thien How]] |21 |17 |19|}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Kento Momota]] | | | |T2P1=[[Chong Wei Feng]] | | |}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Keigo Sonoda]] |T1P2=[[Takeshi Kamura]] | | | |T2P1=[[Goh V Shem]] |T2P2=[[Tan Wee Kiong]] | | |}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Takuma Ueda]] | | | |T2P1=[[Daren Liew]] | | |}}
}}

==Uber Cup==
===Groups===
{{main|2014 Uber Cup group stage}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
====Group W====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=6 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|China}}||'''6'''||3||3||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|England}}||'''4'''||3||2||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Chinese Taipei}}||'''2'''||3||1||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Russia}}||'''0'''||3||0||3
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

====Group X====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=7 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|South Korea}}'''||'''6'''||3||3||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|Indonesia}}'''||'''4'''||3||2||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Singapore}}||'''2'''||3||1||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Australia}}||'''0'''||3||0||3
|}
{{col-end}}

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

====Group Y====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=8 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|India}}'''||'''6''' ||3 ||3 ||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|'''{{Bd|Thailand}}'''||'''4''' ||3 ||2 ||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Hong Kong}}||'''2''' ||3 ||1 ||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Canada}}||'''0''' ||3 ||0 ||3
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

====Group Z====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!width=175|[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3&draw=9 Team]
!width=20|Pts
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|L
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Japan}}||'''6''' ||3 ||3 ||0
|-bgcolor=ccffcc
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Denmark}}||'''4''' ||3 ||2 ||1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Malaysia}}||'''2''' ||3 ||1 ||2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Germany}}||'''0''' ||3 ||0 ||3
|}
{{col-end}}

===Knockout stage===
{{Round8


|22 May 2014|'''{{Bd|China}}'''|'''3'''|{{Bd|England}}|0
|22 May 2014|'''{{Bd|South Korea}}'''|'''3'''|{{Bd|Thailand}}|1
|22 May 2014|{{Bd|Indonesia}}|0|'''{{Bd|India}}'''|'''3'''
|22 May 2014|{{Bd|Denmark}}|0|'''{{Bd|Japan}}'''|'''3'''

|23 May 2014|'''{{Bd|China}}'''|'''3'''|{{Bd|South Korea}}|0
|23 May 2014|{{Bd|India}}|2|{{Bd|Japan}}|'''3'''

|24 May 2014|'''{{Bd|China}}'''|'''3'''|{{Bd|Japan}}|1
}}
====Quarterfinals====
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=South Korea
|team2=Thailand
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 4
|date=22 May 2014 12:00
|score1=3
|score2=1
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Sung Ji-hyun]] |15 |15 | |T2P1=[[Ratchanok Intanon]] |21 |21 | }}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Jang Ye-na]] |T1P2=[[Kim So-young]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Sapsiree Taerattanachai]] |T2P2=[[Kunchala Voravichitchaikul]] |19 |17 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Bae Youn-joo]] |21 |17 |21 |T2P1=[[Nichaon Jindapon]] |8 |21 |17}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Jung Kyung-eun]] |T1P2=[[Kim Ha-na]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Porntip Buranaprasertsuk]] |T2P2=[[Puttita Supajirakul]] |10 |19 |}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Kim Hyo-min]] | | | |T2P1=[[Busanan Ongbumrungpan]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=Denmark
|team2=Japan
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 2
|date=22 May 2014 12:00
|score1=0
|score2=3
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Line Kjaersfeldt]] |18 |21 |21 |T2P1=[[Minatsu Mitani]] |21 |9 |23 }}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Christinna Pedersen]] |T1P2=[[Kamilla Rytter Juhl]] |12 |13 | |T2P1=[[Misaki Matsutomo]] |T2P2=[[Ayaka Takahashi]] |21 |21 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Anna Thea Madsen]] |14 |17 | |T2P1=[[Sayaka Takahashi]] |21 |21 |}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Line Damkjaer Kruse]] |T1P2=[[Marie Roepke]] | | | |T2P1=[[Reika Kakiiwa]] |T2P2=[[Miyuki Maeda]] | | |np=}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Sandra-Maria Jensen]] | | | |T2P1=[[Akane Yamaguchi]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=China
|team2=England
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 3
|date=22 May 2014 18:00
|score1=3
|score2=0
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Li Xuerui]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Fontaine Mica Chapman]] |15 |9 | }}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Bao Yixin]] / [[Tang Jinhua]] |22 |21 | |T2P1=[[Gabrielle Adcock]] / [[Lauren Smith (badminton)|Lauren Smith]] |20 |10 | }}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Shixian]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Sarah Walker (badminton)|Sarah Walker]] |7 |13 | }}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Xiaoli]] / [[Zhao Yunlei]] | | | |T2P1=[[Heather Olver]] / [[Kate Robertshaw]] | | |np=}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Yihan]] | | | |T2P1=[[Panuga Riou]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=Indonesia
|team2=India
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 1
|date=22 May 2014 18:00
|score1=0
|score2=3
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Lindaweni Fanetri]] |17 |10 | |T2P1=[[Saina Nehwal]] |21 |21 | }}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Bellaetrix Manuputty]] |16 |21 |23 |T2P1=[[Pusarla Venkata Sindhu]] |21 |10 |25}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Nitya Krishinda Maheswari]] |T1P2=[[Greysia Polii]] |18 |18 | |T2P1=[[Jwala Gutta]] |T2P2=[[Ashwini Ponnappa]] |21 |21 |}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Adriyanti Firdasari]] | | | |T2P1=[[Puthenpurayil Chandrika Thulasi]] | | |np=}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Suci Rizki Andini]] |T1P2=[[Tiara Rosalia Nuraidah]] | | | |T2P1=[[Saina Nehwal]] |T2P2=[[Pusarla Venkata Sindhu]] | | |np=}}
}}
====Semifinals====
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=China
|team2=South Korea
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 2
|date=23 May 2014 12:00
|score1=3
|score2=0
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Li Xuerui]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Sung Ji-hyun]] |11 |19 |}}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Bao Yixin]] |T1P2=[[Tang Jinhua]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Jang Ye-na]] |T2P2=[[Kim So-young]] |11 |12 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Shixian]] |21 |16 |21 |T2P1=[[Bae Youn-joo]] |13 |21 |10 }}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Xiaoli]] |T1P2=[[Zhao Yunlei]] | | | |T2P1=[[Jung Kyung-eun]] |T2P2=[[Kim Ha-na]] | | |np=}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Yihan]] | | | |T2P1=[[Kim Hyo-min]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=India
|team2=Japan
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 1
|date=23 May 2014 18:00
|score1=2
|score2=3
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Saina Nehwal]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Minatsu Mitani]] |12 |13 |}}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Pusarla Venkata Sindhu]] |19 |21 |26 |T2P1=[[Sayaka Takahashi]] |21 |18 |24 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Jwala Gutta]] |T1P2=[[Ashwini Ponnappa]] |12 |22 | 16|T2P1=[[Misaki Matsutomo]] |T2P2=[[Ayaka Takahashi]] |21 |20 |21}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Puthenpurayil Chandrika Thulasi]] |14 |15 | |T2P1=[[Eriko Hirose]] |21 |21 |}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Saina Nehwal]] |T1P2=[[Pusarla Venkata Sindhu]] |14 |11 | |T2P1=[[Reika Kakiiwa]] |T2P2=[[Miyuki Maeda]] |21 |21 |}}
}}

====Final====
{{Badmintonbox
|team1=China
|team2=Japan
|venue=Siri Fort Sports Complex Court 1
|date=24 May 2014 15:00
|score1=3
|score2=1
|R1={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Li Xuerui]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Minatsu Mitani]] |15 |5 |}}
|R2={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Bao Yixin]] |T1P2=[[Tang Jinhua]] |18 |9 | |T2P1=[[Misaki Matsutomo]] |T2P2=[[Ayaka Takahashi]] |21 |21 |}}
|R3={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Shixian]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Sayaka Takahashi]] |16 |12 |}}
|R4={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Zhao Yunlei]] |T1P2=[[Wang Xiaoli]] |21 |21 | |T2P1=[[Miyuki Maeda]] |T2P2=[[Reika Kakiiwa]] |13 |6 |}}
|R5={{ BadmintonMatch |T1P1=[[Wang Yihan]] | | | |T2P1=[[Akane Yamaguchi]] | | |np=}}
}}
{{Winners|bd|2014 Uber Cup Champion|China|Thirteenth}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=26EBA21A-B76C-4D79-97C3-2B68F3CB04A3] at ''tournamentsoftware.com''

{{International Badminton}}
{{TUC}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2014 Thomas and Uber Cup}}
[[Category:2014 Thomas & Uber Cup| ]]
[[Category:International sports competitions hosted by India]]
[[Category:2014 in badminton]]
[[Category:2014 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:Current sports events|Thomas & Uber Cup]]
[[Category:Sport in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Badminton tournaments in India]]
[[Category:Thomas & Uber Cup]]

Visa requirements for Bangladeshi citizens

2014-05-19T09:26:13Z

220.255.2.26: /* Visa requirements */

{{main|Bangladeshi passport}}
[[File:Bangladeshi Passport.jpg|thumbnail|[[Bangladeshi passport]]]]
'''Visa requirements for Bangladeshi citizens''' are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of [[Bangladesh]] by the authorities of other states.

According to the "Henley Visa Restrictions Index 2013", holders of a Bangladeshi passport can visit 41 countries visa-free or with visa on arrival.<ref>[https://www.henleyglobal.com/files/download/VISA_Index_2013_Web.pdf]</ref>

== Visa requirements map ==
[[Image:Visa requirements for Bangladeshi citizens.PNG|800px|center|thumb|Visa requirements for Bangladeshi citizens]]

== Visa requirements ==

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Visa requirement
! Notes (excluding departure fees)
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AF&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Albania}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AL&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=DZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Andorra}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AD&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Angola}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Argentina}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Armenia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Australia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AU&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Austria}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Bahamas}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BS&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 4 weeks
|-
| {{flag|Bahrain}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BH&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Barbados}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BB&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Belarus}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Belgium|state}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Belize}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Benin}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BJ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Bhutan}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.bt/visa]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Bolivia}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 90 days
|-
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Botswana}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BW&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Brunei}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Burkina Faso}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BF&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Burundi}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=BI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days; obtainable at [[Bujumbura International Airport]]
|-
| {{flag|Cambodia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KH&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Cameroon}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Canada}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Cape Verde}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CV&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Central African Republic}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CF&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Chad}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TD&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Chile}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CL&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|People's Republic of China|name=China}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Comoros}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CD&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Costa Rica|state}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Croatia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=HR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Cuba}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CU&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Cyprus}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=DK&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Djibouti}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=DJ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Dominica}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=DM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 6 months
|-
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=DO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Ecuador}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=EC&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Egypt}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=EG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|El Salvador}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SV&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GQ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Eritrea}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ER&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=EE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ET&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Fiji}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=FJ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 4 months
|-
| {{flag|Finland}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=FI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|France}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=FR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Gabon}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Gambia}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 90 days
|-
| {{flag|Georgia}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=DE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Ghana}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GH&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Greece}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Grenada}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GD&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 3 months
|-
| {{flag|Guatemala}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GW&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 90 days
|-
| {{flag|Guyana}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Haiti}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=HT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 3 months
|-
| {{flag|Honduras}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=HN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=HU&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Iceland}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=IS&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|India}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=IN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ID&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Iran}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=IR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=IQ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Ireland}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=IE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=IL&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Italy}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=IT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Jamaica}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=JM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Japan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=JP&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Jordan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=JO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Kenya}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Kiribati}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|North Korea}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KP&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|South Korea}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Kuwait}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/690526/pakistanis-excluded-from-kuwaits-new-visa-plan/]</ref><ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KW&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Laos}}
| {{yes-no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LV&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LB&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| Approval of the Immigration Directorate required.
|-
| {{flag|Lesotho}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LS&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Liberia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Libya}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Luxembourg}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LU&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Macedonia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MK&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| Approval from the Ministry of Interior required
|-
| {{flag|Madagascar}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 90 days
|-
| {{flag|Malawi}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MW&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Maldives}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MV&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Mali}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ML&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Malta}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Marshall Islands}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MH&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Mauritania}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Mauritius}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MU&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MX&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 180 days
|-
| {{flag|Federated States of Micronesia|name=Micronesia}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=FM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Moldova}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MD&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Monaco}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MC&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Mongolia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Montenegro}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ME&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Mozambique}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Myanmar}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=MM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| Visa is obtained online.<ref>[https://www.myanmarevisa.gov.mm/]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Namibia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Nauru}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Nepal}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NP&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NL&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|New Zealand}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Nicaragua}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 90 days
|-
| {{flag|Niger}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Norway}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=NO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Oman}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=OM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PK&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Palau}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PW&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Panama}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Paraguay}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Peru|state}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PH&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Poland}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PL&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=PT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Qatar}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=QA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Romania}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=RO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Russia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=RU&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=RW&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| Visa is obtained online.<ref>[https://www.migration.gov.rw/services/visa/]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=KN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Saint Lucia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LC&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=VC&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 1 month
|-
| {{flag|Samoa}}
| {{yes-no|{{sort|Visa on arrival|Entry Permit on arrival}}}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=WS&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 60 days
|-
| {{flag|San Marino}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ST&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| Visa is obtained online.<ref>[http://www.smf.st/virtualvisa/]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Senegal}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=RS&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Seychelles}}
| {{yes-no|{{sort|Visa on arrival|Visitor's Permit on arrival}}}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SC&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 1 month
|-
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SL&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| May obtain online.<ref>[https://www.singapore-visa.sg/]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SK&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Slovenia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Solomon Islands}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SB&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| Visa on arrival for 30 days, provided an invitation letter issued by the sponsor has been submitted to the Airport Immigration Department at least 2 days before arrival.
|-
| {{flag|South Africa}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ZA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SS&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Spain}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ES&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}}
| {{yes2|Electronic Travel Authorization}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=LK&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Sudan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SD&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Suriname}}
|{{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Swaziland}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=CH&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Syria}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=SY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Tajikistan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TJ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Tanzania}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Thailand}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TH&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Timor-Leste}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TL&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Togo}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 7 days
|-
| {{flag|Tonga}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TO&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TT&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Tunisia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TR&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Tuvalu}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=TV&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 1 month
|-
| {{flag|Uganda}}
| {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=UG&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=UA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=AE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=GB&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=US&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Uruguay}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=UY&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=UZ&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Vanuatu}}
| {{yes|Visa not required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=VU&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
| 30 days
|-
| {{flag|Vatican City}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=VA&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Venezuela}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=VE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Vietnam}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=VN&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Yemen}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=YE&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Zambia}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ZM&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|-
| {{flag|Zimbabwe}}
| {{no|Visa required}}<ref>[http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=BD&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=ZW&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C]</ref>
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[Bangladeshi passport]]
* [[Visa policy of Bangladesh]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Visa policy by country}}
{{Visa Requirements}}

[[Category:Visa requirements by nationality|Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of Bangladesh]]

SM Entertainment

2014-05-15T15:00:44Z

220.255.2.26: /* Contractual dispute with Kris Wu */

{{distinguish|Sony Music Entertainment}}
{{Infobox company
| name = S.M. Entertainment
| logo = S.M. Entertainment logo.svg
| native_name = 에스엠 엔터테인먼트 SM 엔터테인먼트
| native_name_lang = korean
| type = Public
| traded_as = {{kosdaq|041510}} KRX 100 Component
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]] [[Dance music|Dance]] [[Synthpop|Electropop]] [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] [[K-pop]]
| foundation = February 14, 1989
| founder = Lee Soo Man
| location_city = [[Seoul]]
| location_country = [[South Korea]]
| locations = [[Cheongdam-dong]], [[Apgujeong-dong]]
| origins = Seoul, South Korea
| key_people = [[Lee Soo Man]] (founding chairman) Kim Young-min (CEO) Lee Jong-in (CFO)
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Music industry|Music]] [[Entertainment]] [[Travel]]
| products = [[Album]]s [[concert]]s
| services = Publishing records, Entertainment agency
| revenue = [[USD|US$]]61,788,496 (2009)<ref name="allkpop.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/04/sm-yg-jyp-entertainment-earned-a-combined-revenue-of-150-million-usd-in-2010|title=SM, YG, & JYP Entertainment earned a combined revenue of $150 million USD in 2010|work=Naver|date=April 14, 2011|accessdate=April 14, 2011|author=allkpop.com}}</ref> [[USD|US$]]86,400,963 (2010)<ref name="allkpop.com"/> [[USD|US$]]99,437,600 (2011)<ref>{{ko icon}} {{cite web|url=http://thestar.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/05/31/2012053102307.html|title=The Sales Revenue From SM, YG and JYP Entertainment Revealed|work=The Star|date=May 31, 2012|accessdate=May 31, 2012|author=The Star}}</ref> [[USD|US$]]154,401,103 (2012) <ref>{{ko icon}} {{cite web|url=http://star.mt.co.kr/view/stview.php?no=2013030417460877839&type=1&outlink=1|title=SM·YG, 2012년 '사상최대' 총매출 2682억·순이익 543억|work=Star News|date=March 4, 2013|accessdate=March 4, 2013|author=Star News}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{profit}} [[USD|US$]]44 million (2012) <ref>http://www.allkpop.com/2013/03/how-much-profit-did-sm-entertainment-and-yg-entertainment-earn-in-2012</ref>
| net_income = {{profit}} [[USD|US$]]34 million (2012)
| num_employees = 1,065 (as of March 2013)
| divisions =
| subsid = [http://tintinhall.co.kr SM TinTin Hall] (2000) [http://www.smtown.jp SM Entertainment Japan] (2001) [http://www.sm-academy.com SM Academy] (2003) [http://www.bitwin.co.kr SM Pictures] (2007) SM Amusement SM F&B Development SM Entertainment USA (2008) SM Town Travel (2012) [http://www.smcultureandcontents.com/ SM Culture and Contents] (2012, since 2013 including [[Woollim Entertainment]]) <ref name="Woollim" /> SM Beijing <ref>http://www.allkpop.com/2013/04/who-brings-in-the-most-money-from-the-top-3-labels</ref>
| owner = [[Lee Soo-Man]] (21.27%, 2014) [[National Pension Service]] (11.05%, 2014)
| company_slogan = The future of culture technology
| homepage = [http://www.smtown.com Official Website] [http://www.youtube.com/user/SMTOWN/featured Official Youtube] [http://www.facebook.com/smtown Official Facebook] [http://twitter.com/SMTOWNGLOBAL Official Twitter]
| footnotes =
}}
{{Contains Korean text}}

'''S.M. Entertainment''' ({{ko-hhrm|SM엔터테인먼트}}) is an independent Korean [[record label]], [[talent agency]], producer, and publisher of [[pop music]], founded by [[Lee Soo-man]] in [[South Korea]]. Its current CEO is Kim Young-min. The label is one of the "big three" (S.M. Entertainment, [[JYP Entertainment]], and [[YG Entertainment]]) record companies of Korea because of strong market share and international operations. SM is credited for starting and leading the [[Hallyu Wave]] throughout Asia and internationally.{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}

Once the home to the original [[Korean pop idol|Korean Idol groups]] like [[H.O.T.]], [[S.E.S. (group)|S.E.S.]], and [[Shinhwa]], its current roster of recording artists include [[Kangta]], [[BoA]], [[TVXQ]], [[TRAX (band)|TRAX]], [[The Grace (band)|The Grace]], [[Super Junior]], [[Zhang Liyin]], [[Girls' Generation]], [[J-Min]], [[SHINee]], [[f(x) (band)|f(x)]], [[Exo (band)|EXO]] and [[Henry Lau|Henry]], all of whom enjoy great success both domestically and internationally. It is also home to actors like [[Ara Go|Go Ara]], [[Kim Min-jong]], [[Kim Ha-neul]], [[Lee Yeon-hee]] and [[Kim Ian]] among many other. SM Entertainment also co-publishes [[Avex Trax]] releases for Japanese artists such as [[Ayumi Hamasaki]], [[Namie Amuro]], and [[Koda Kumi]], as well as [[Johnny's Entertainment]] acts like [[Arashi]] and [[KAT-TUN]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smtown.com/link/jpop|title=SMTOWN J-POP ZONE|publisher=S.M. Entertainment}}</ref>

In 2012, the company's market capitalization rose to {{SK won|1.38 trillion}} (US$1.24 billion).<ref>http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Summary?s=A041510:KOE</ref>

==History==
After graduating from [[Seoul National University]] and pursuing his own career as a singer, Lee Soo Man surveyed teenage girls on what they wanted to see in music groups and started the boy group [[H.O.T.]] and girl group [[S.E.S. (group)|S.E.S.]]. Both groups became successful during the late 1990s. Soon thereafter, Lee created [[Shinhwa]], and once again, the band attained the same popularity and success, continuing Lee's streak of producing successful artists. In 1999, Lee created Korea's first R&B duo, Fly to the Sky, with members Hwanhee and Brian, adding to Lee's list of successful groups.{{Citation needed|date=December 2013}}

===1990s: First generation groups===
In February 1995, SM Entertainment set up its capital fund at {{SK won|50,000,000}}. In January 1996, SM Entertainment purchased land for a recording site and manufactured its contents for broadcasting companies like [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]], [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]], HBS, KMTV, [[mnet (TV channel)|M-NET]]. In April 1997, the head office was transferred to the Yadang-ri, Gyoha-myeon, [[Paju]], [[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi-do]]. In October 1998, Kim Kyoung-wook was awarded the position of CEO. In August 1999, a paid-in capital increase of {{SK won|25,000,000}} (5,000 shares) and free issue of 225,000 shares ({{SK won|112,500,000}}) occurred. In that same year, SM Entertainment built a branch office in [[Apgujeong|Apgujeong-dong]], [[Gangnam-gu]], Seoul.

However, problems began appearing in SM Entertainment following the breakup of H.O.T., and S.E.S., who disbanded a year after H.O.T., and a few years later in 2003, SM Entertainment saw the departure of Shinhwa, though the group did not breakup and moved to a new management company. In the following years, some of its newer ventures, such as [[Isak N Jiyeon]] and [[Black Beat]], failed to attain the popularity achieved by earlier SM artists.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

===2000s: Second generation and expansion===
In early 2000, SM Entertainment agreed to share the split from 5,000 won to 500 per a share. In mid-2000, the company was approved and listed in [[KOSDAQ]] as 041510. Late that year, SM Entertainment and Avex Trax signed a contract for music licensing and an Asia agency. In December 2000, SM established an affiliation with Fandago Korea. In January 2001, SM Entertainment established an overseas [[joint-venture]] corporation as SM Entertainment Japan Co., Ltd. They are also preparing to establish a new headquarters in [[Beijing]], [[China]].<ref>[http://www.smtown.com/ir/main.aspx About SM – Introduction of SM] ''Hankooki Times''</ref> In March of the same year, Kim Kyoung-wook was appointed the company's third CEO. In May of the same year, SM Entertainment spent {{SK won|10 billion}} to organize its first joint-venture investment fund in the music industry. SM also established subsidiaries ''BM Entertainment'' and ''Cid.K Entertainment'' for girl groups [[M.I.L.K.]] and [[Shinvi]], respectively, but now defunct upon the groups' disbandment.

In April 2002, an additional 1,341,180 shares was added, and in June 2002, the third-party paid-in capital increased another 61,048 shares. In late-2002, SM Entertainment was awarded the Grand Prix of Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the Culture Contents for Export Award in music. In 2003, it established its affiliation with the Starlight Corporation Ltd and was awarded a prize for the best music contents in Korea. In February 2004, the third-party paid-in capital increased another 271,428 shares. In April of the same year, the head office moved from [[Paju]], Gyeonggi Province to [[Apgujeong-dong]], Gangnam-gu, Seoul. A month later, it established its affiliation with C-Cube Entertainment Corporation.

The agency later found new successes with many other acts. SM Entertainment debuted a solo singer [[BoA]] in 2000, a five-member boy group [[TVXQ]] in 2003, a four-member rock band [[TRAX (band)|TRAX]] in 2004, a four-member girl group [[The Grace (band)|The Grace]] and a twelwe-member boy group [[Super Junior]] in 2005, a solo singer of Chinese descent [[Zhang Liyin]] in 2006, a nine-member girl group [[Girls' Generation]] in 2007, another five-member boy group [[SHINee]] in 2008, five-member girl group [[f(x) (band)|f(x)]] in 2009, four-member ballad project group [[SM The Ballad|S.M. the Ballad]] in 2010, and in 2012 boy group [[Exo (band)|EXO]], which is divided into subgroups [[Exo (band)|EXO-K]] and [[Exo (band)|EXO-M]] for Korean and Chinese (Mandarin) markets, respectively.

In May 2005, the fourth CEO came on board, Hur Dah-shin. In May 2008 SM Art Company was formed and helmed by Pyo In-bong as co-CEO. It aims to pursue businesses in musicals and theatre business. Its first production was ''[[Xanadu (musical)|Xanadu]]'' starring [[Super Junior]] members [[Heechul]] and [[Kangin]].<ref>Koh Young-aah [http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20080530000048 "Super Junior members set to make move into musicals"] ''Korea Herald''. 30 May 2008. Retrieved 2012-04-03</ref> In August 2010, Kim young-min took office.<ref>[http://www.smtown.com/ir/aboutsm_01.aspx About SM – History of SM] ''SM Town''</ref> Kim Young-min (born April 13, 1970) is a graduate of Korea University majoring in Sociology. In September 1999, Kim Young-min joined SM Entertainment as a team leader of overseas business, and during 2001 to 2005, he was the CEO of Fandango Korea.<ref>[http://www.smtown.com/ir/aboutsm_02_1.aspx About SM – CEO Profile] ''SM Town''</ref> On October 21, 2008, the company announced its plans to debut BoA in the [[United States]] under SM's new subsidiary label, SM Entertainment USA.

===2010–2011: United Asia Management and joint ventures===
In February 2010, founder Lee Soo-man resigned from his position as a member of the board of directors. An official at SM is quoted as saying that Lee had decided to do so in order to "focus more energy on SM's overseas business, new business management and artist development".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kun-ouc|first=Park|title=Lee Soo-man steps down from SM board of directors|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010022514424957673|accessdate=27 April 2012|newspaper=10 Asia|date=25 February 2010}}</ref> And in the year something something, Kim Youngmin got an award for being the worst CEO ever.

In May 2010, SM announced its largest first quarter operating profit of 2010 at {{SK won|10.4 billion}}, up 471% from the same period in 2009. Its gross revenue from sales from January to March was reported at {{SK won|22.7 billion}}, up 58% from the year before.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kim|first=Lynn|title=SM Entertainment records biggest Q1 profit|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010051314034381443|accessdate=4 May 2012|newspaper=10 Asia|date=13 May 2010}}</ref>

'''[[KMP Holdings]]''': In March 2010, KMP Holdings was established via a joint venture between S.M., [[YG Entertainment|YG]], [[JYP Entertainment|JYP]], [[Star Empire Entertainment|Star Empire]], and other companies like Medialine, CAN Entertainment and Music Factory. KMP is the official distributor of releases from these companies. KMP stands for ''Korean Music Power''.<ref>[http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?sc=30000019&cm=%EC%A6%9D%EA%B6%8C%20%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%94%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC&year=2010&no=138710&selFlag=&relatedcode=&wonNo=&sID=502 "Korean Music Power: KMP Holdings Co. Ltd. Launched!"] ''[[Maeil Kyungje]]''. 18 March 2010. Retrieved 2012-10-06 {{ko icon}}</ref> The firm's first distributed release from SM was [[Super Junior]]'s fifth studio album, ''[[Mr. Simple]]'' and since this release, SM is not self-distributed any longer. However, [[KT Corporation|KT Music]] eventually acquired KMP in November 2012, and in mid-June 2013, KT Music absorbed KMP's distribution network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kt.com/eng/pr/news_01_view.jsp|title=(kt PR room) KT to acquire KMP Holdings to strengthen its music businesses|publisher=[[KT Corporation]]|date=November 23, 2012|accessdate=August 2, 2013}}</ref> [[Henry Lau|Henry]]'s ''[[Trap (Henry Lau album)|Trap]]'' was the last SM release to be distributed by KMP.

'''United Asia Management''': SM Entertainment, [[YG Entertainment]], [[JYP Entertainment]], KeyEast, AMENT and Star J Entertainment will be joining forces to create a huge Asian management agency named ‘United Asia Management‘. This joint investment corporate body was created in an effort to develop an industry that will push ‘Hallyu’ to ‘Asianlyu’. United Asia Management aims to pioneer a global market, and all artists under the six agencies will be under a database system that manages intellectual property rights. A new contents production system will be utilized as well for movies, dramas, and other media. UAM will also be acting as the global agency for artists planning to advance, or currently promoting, overseas. UAM was officially established as of April 2011.

'''SM True''': On August 16, 2011, SM has established their first international joint venture with Thai media company [[TrueVisions|TrueVisions Group]] called "SM True." Artists [[Kangta]] and Shinee are present in the event, as well as SM's CEO, Kim Youngmin. Kim said that the joint venture will help "quickly and more effectively distribute [SM's] contents" and that this will create a "positive synergistic effect."<ref>{{cite news|title=SM 엔터, 태국서 첫 해외 합작법인 'SM True' 설립|trans_title=SM Entertainment establishes joint venture company with Thailand’s True Visions Group, ‘SM True’|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=106&oid=109&aid=0002241539|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=Naver News|date=17 August 2011|language=Korean}}</ref>

===2012: ENT, S.M.ART EXHIBITION and new contracts===
[[File:SM Entertainment building 2012.JPG|thumb|SM Entertainment building in [[Apgujeong-dong]], [[Gangnam-gu]], Seoul in 2012]]
In February 2012, SM launched new business initiative that specializes in travel and tourism. It acquired Hawaiian travel firm 'Happy Hawaii' and renamed it ''SM Town Travel''. It is helmed by CEO Kang Jung Hyun and "aims to create synergies" between SM's entertainment product and travel.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mun|first=Wan-Sik|title=SM Entertainment takes over travel agency|url=http://star.mt.co.kr/stviewEng.php?type=3&no=2012022714534028406|accessdate=1 May 2012|newspaper=Star News|date=27 February 2012}}</ref> One of its first products is to offer special concert packages for overseas fans to attend [[Super Junior]]'s ''[[Super Show 4 Tour]]'' encore concerts in Seoul in May 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ho|first=Stewart|title=Super Junior to Hold Encore Concert in Seoul in May|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=5801|work=enewsWorld|publisher=CJ E&M|accessdate=26 April 2012|date=23 April 2012}}</ref>

On 26 March 2012, 47 of their artists, including Kangta, BoA, TVXQ, CSJH The Grace, Super Junior, Zhang Li Yin, Girls' Generation, SHINee, f(x), Go Ara, Isak and Lee Yeon Hee, became stockholders of SM Entertainment. Becoming stockholder enabled them to participate in the company’s vision and growth. Kangta, BoA, and most of the Super Junior and Girls’ Generation members will be receiving 680 shares each (value of around $27,200 for each member), while SHINee and f(x) members will be receiving 340 shares each (value of around $13,600 for each member).<ref>Kim, JiYeon [http://global.mnet.com/news/newsdetail.m?searchNewsVO.news_id=201203271706_4801&nowPage=4 "SM Artists Take on SM Stock"] ''Mnet News''. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-30</ref>

Yoon In Wan, the creator of the popular comic, ‘The Blade of the Phantom Master‘, teamed up with S.M. Entertainment for a new webtoon series titled ‘ENT.’ The webtoon released an illustration featuring Girls' Generation in cartoon form. Following up, the illustrations of the members of SHINee have been unveiled.<ref>{{cite news|title=웹툰 속으로 들어간 샤이니 `꼭 닮았네`|trans_title=Webtoon series ent releases illustrations of shinee|url=http://news.nate.com/view/20120508n06471|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=Nate News News|date=8 May 2012|language=Korean}}</ref>

From 10 to 19 August SM Entertainment held an IT exhibition, the S.M.ART EXHIBITION at the [[COEX Convention & Exhibition Center]]. SM’s premium contents showcased in state-of-the-art digital technology.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kim|first=Hyung-eun|title=Fantasies come true at the high-tech S.M.ART exhibit|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2957706|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=Joongang Daily|date=10 August 2012}}</ref>

SM signed contracts with VISA & KB Card. They will start printing SM artist Check cards (debit cards) in October.<ref>{{cite news|title=SM 체크카드 나온다, VISA-KB국민카드와 MOU체결|trans_title=SM Entertainment to make MOU contract with VISA and KB Card|url=http://media.daum.net/culture/others/newsview?newsid=20120726091412600|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=Daum|date=26 July 2012|language=Korean}}</ref>

SM Entertainment has been cleared of the accusations regarding colluding with music distributors. On 16 August, the Seoul High Court revealed their verdict on the issue: “The FTC (Fair Trade Commission) has canceled all corrective orders against SM Entertainment, and the lawsuit costs will be paid by the defendant.” As a result, suspicions about SM Entertainment bargaining with music distributors have been found to be false.<ref>{{cite news|title=SM엔터'음원유통 담합' 오명 벗어|trans_title=SM Entertainment cleared of accusations of colluding with music distributors|url=http://sports.hankooki.com/lpage/music/201208/sp2012081614244995510.htm|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=Sports Hankooki|date=16 August 2012|language=Korean}}</ref>

On 17 August, MC [[Kang Ho-dong]] and Shin Dong Yup announced that they have signed exclusive contracts with '''SM C&C''' in collaboration with SM Entertainment.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=JinHo|title=Kang Ho Dong Announces Return by Signing with SM C&C|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=12644|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=17 August 2012|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref> With the signing of the two MC's, this is seen as a move by SM to expand into television production outside of the management of singers and actors.<ref>{{cite news|last=Choi|first=Eunhwa|title=Three Reasons Why Kang Ho Dong Signed with SM|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=12700|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=18 August 2012|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref> On September 19, SM C&C merged with AM Entertainment as part of its strategy to extend into drama and video contents production. AM Entertainment, who represent actors, such as [[Jang Dong-gun]], [[Kim Ha-neul]], [[Han Ji-min]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Ho|first=Stewart|title=SM C&C Takes Over AM Entertainment – Home to Jang Dong Gun, Kim Ha Neul and Others|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=15384|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=19 September 2012|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref> However [[Hyun Bin]] and [[Shin Min-ah]] were not included in the merge because both of their respective contract with AM had expired. They have yet to decide while the former is serving [[Conscription in South Korea|mandatory military service]] and the latter is still filming MBC drama ''[[Arang and the Magistrate]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ho|first=Stewart|title=Why Were Hyun Bin, Shin Min Ah Left Out of the SM C&C-AM Entertainment Merger?|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=15405|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=19 September 2012|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref> On the same day it was announced that they have also signed exclusive contracts with comedians [[Lee Su-geun]] and [[Kim Byung-man]] of ''Laws of the Jungle'' and ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]'' fame.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ho|first=Stewart|title=Lee Su Geun, Kim Byung Man Join Kang Ho Dong at SM C&C?|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=15399|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=19 September 2012|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref>

According to Soompi.com, "SM Entertainment has set ambitious goals for 2013. The company has recently partnered up with two different media companies to expand further into the entertainment industry through print and broadcast.

The first partnership is with a contents specialized company Design House Inc. Design House Inc. is the company behind magazines such as “Happy Homes“, “Monthly Design“, “Men’s Health“, and “Luxury.” The two will join together to develop a new content business called “The Celebrity.” “The Celebrity” will target markets in Asia and around the world through mobile contents, on and offline magazines, and other publications. They have already set plans to publish a new futuristic Asian lifestyle magazine.

SM Entertainment’s broadcast sector, [[#SM C&C|SM C&C (Culture and Contents)]], has acquired another company, [[Hoon Media]]. Hoon Media is led by Lee Hoon-hee and is the production company behind popular KBS shows such as ''[[1 vs. 100#International variants|1 vs 100]]'', ''[[Happy Sunday#Heroine 6/Heroine 5|Heroines 6]]'', ''[[Qualifications of Men]]'', and ''[[Music Bank (TV series)|Music Bank]]''. Hoon Media has also produced other entertainment programs on other cable channels.<ref>http://www.soompi.com/2013/03/16/sm-expands-company-through-joint-ventures-and-mergers/</ref>

===2013: Woollim Label and S Cube with Samsung Group===
In August 2013, S.M. Entertainment's subsidiary S.M. Culture & Contents (S.M. C&C) and [[Woollim Entertainment]] merged. The result is "Woollim Label", which was formed as an independent label within S.M. C&C. The merger is part of S.M. Entertainment's plan to be a major music company. Today Woollim please run while you still can.

S.M. stated, "S.M. Entertainment will run ''Woollim Label's'' global music distribution and additional businesses while S.M. C&C will take charge of the label's functions. In terms of business structure and scale, we will acquire international competitiveness and will stand as Asia's premier music group which can compete with global major music groups. We will take our place as the first global major music group in Korea."<ref name="Woollim">{{cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/08/sm-cc-merges-with-woollim-entertainment-to-form-the-woollim-label|title=SM Entertainment's SM C&C merges with Woollim Entertainment to form 'Woollim Label'|author=starsung|date=August 8, 2013|work=[[allkpop]]|accessdate=August 10, 2013}}</ref>

In September 10, 2013, SME and Samsung publicly signed their agreement through a public ceremony at Samsung's branch office in Seochodong, Seoul on the 10th. Lee Soo Man, Samsung Community Relations director Seo Jun Hee, TVXQ's [[Yunho]], f(x)'s [[Sulli]] were also present for the event. The venture will be known as 'S Cube' which starts with the letter 'S', representing SM Entertainment, Samsung, and society, and expects a synergy effect from SME's cultural contents and Samsung's already established social service platform.

As part of the campaign, SME's artists, composers, and producers will take part in an educational program which teaches music and dance to impoverished children around the world. The program will also provide services for multi-cultural families and much more. Samsung will help in creating new job opportunities for multicultural families and also help them in visiting their home countries. SM Entertainment will also help in hiring them as interpreters and inviting their family members to concerts so they can enjoy it with their loved ones. Samsung's Seo Jun Hee also stated, "SME is the top company in various areas of cultural content. From the combination of Samsung's know-how and SME's content, we think that a new synergy effect will be created."

===2014: Partnership with Baljunso===
On February 2014, S.M. Entertainment acquired shares in the independent record label ''[[Baljunso]]''.<ref name="Baljunso1">{{cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2014/02/sm-entertainment-invests-in-indie-label-baljunso-to-help-spread-non-mainstream-music|title=SM Entertainment invests in indie label BALJUNSO to help spread non-mainstream music|author=starsung|date=February 26, 2014|work=[[allkpop]]|accessdate=February 28, 2014}}</ref>

''Baljunso'' was founded in 1991 by [[Kang Byung-young]], former director of [[CAN Entertainment]]. Its artists include [[Kikaflo]], [[Ezen]], [[Shinchon Tigers]], [[HLin]], [[Wasted Johnny's]], and [[Play the Siren]].<ref name="Baljunso1" />

Due to concerns regarding ''Baljunso'' partnering with S.M. (which is a major label), Kang Byung-young said in an interview dated February 26, 2014, "''We will maintain the color of the indie scene and through the support, we will create an environment in which the indie musicians will be able to promote more actively.''

''We are aware of the concerns that some people may have... We will focus more on concerts rather than broadcasts. The color of the indie scene will not fade.''

''It is true that a substantial number of indie musicians are pursuing music under poor conditions... We will create a system which will make it easier for them to produce and promote their albums. We will create an environment in which the indie musicians will be able to focus on their music according to their effort.''"<ref name="Baljunso2">{{cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2014/02/baljunso-responds-to-concerns-involving-sm-entertainments-investment|title=BALJUNSO responds to concerns involving SM Entertainment's investment|author=starsung|date=February 27, 2014|work=[[allkpop]]|accessdate=February 28, 2014}}</ref>

==Controversies==

===Contractual dispute with JYJ===
In late July 2009, three of the TVXQ members; [[Kim Jaejoong]] (known as ''Hero''), [[Park Yoochun]] (known as ''Micky'') and [[Kim Junsu]] (known as ''Xiah''), submitted an application to the Seoul Central District Court to determine the validity of their contract with SM Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TVXQ Feuds With SM Entertainment|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2009/08/178_49459.html|work=The Korea Time|date=2009-08-02|accessdate=August 3, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Is TVXQ Headed for Breakup?|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=10167|work=KBS World|date=2009-08-03|accessdate=August 3, 2009}}</ref> Through their lawyers, the members stated that the 13-year contract was excessively long and that the group's earnings were not fairly distributed to the members.<ref name="lawsuit">{{Cite web|title=TVXQ to Stick Together Despite Legal Dispute|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2009/08/178_49540.html|work=The Korea Times|date=2009-08-03|accessdate=August 3, 2009}}</ref> Early termination penalty of their contract will cost them 2 times the profit that the group is estimated to earn for the rest of the contract period (over [[South Korean won|₩]]11 billion, or around [[United States dollar|US$]]9.2 million).<ref>[http://kr.news.yahoo.com/service/news/shellview.htm?articleid=2009080401571389419&linkid=rank_news&newssetid=768 Yahoo.co.kr]. Retrieved August 26, 2009{{dead link|date=October 2012}}</ref> The news was enough to cause SM Entertainment's stock price to drop over 10% on the [[KOSPI]].<ref>Thomson Reuters. [http://web.archive.org/web/20090806092540/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/08/03/afx6730465.html Korea Hot Stocks – Hankook Tire, S.M. Ent, Ssangyong Motor]. ''[[Forbes.com]]''. August 3, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2009.</ref>

The Seoul Central District Court ruled in favour of the three members. They have claimed that the contract was unfair and the members were left out of proper profit distribution.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Will TVXQ Stay Together?|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=10722|work=KBS World|date=2009-10-28|accessdate=October 28, 2009}}</ref> In response, SM Entertainment called a press conference and claimed that the lawsuit was a fraud, stating that the lawsuit was not about unfair contracts or human rights but a scam motivated by the three members' greed over their cosmetics business. The three members remained silent except to say through their lawyers that they hoped SM Entertainment would respect the court's decision.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SM Entertainment Calls the TVXQ Suit a Big Fraud|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=10760|work=KBS World|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=November 2, 2009}}</ref>

In response to the lawsuit, 120,000 members of TVXQ's fan club, Cassiopeia, filed a petition against SM Entertainment's long-term contracts with the Seoul District Court.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TVXQ vs. SM Entertainment Trial Begins |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=10282|work=KBS World|date=2009-08-21|accessdate=August 21, 2009}}</ref> Cassiopeia also filed for compensation from SM Entertainment for the canceled SM Town Live Concert, as both SM and TVXQ initially stated that the concert would go on as planned; the concert was canceled a week before its scheduled date.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TVXQ Fan Club Files for Compensation for Cancelled Concert|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=10351|work=KBS World|date=2009-09-03|accessdate=September 3, 2009}}</ref> It was later announced in early May 2010 that the three members of TVXQ (Jaejoong, Yoochun and Junsu) will return to the stage as a sub-group. Their group is called [[JYJ]] representing the first letter of each of their names.<ref>[http://kr.news.yahoo.com/service/news/shellview.htm?articleid=2010052010224117308&linkid=4&newssetid=1352 "시아준수 등 동방신기 3인, 새 그룹 이름은 J.Y.J?"] ''Yahoo News''. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 2012-10-06 {{ko icon}}</ref>

On February 17, 2011, the Seoul Central District Court dismissed SM Entertainment's injunction against [[JYJ]], filed in April 2010 for damage compensation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/02/18/2011021801086.html|title=JYJ Win Legal Battle with Former Management|work=Chosun Ilbo|date=18 February 2011|accessdate=2012-02-21}}</ref> In September 2012, the final decision on the case was postponed indefinitely, by Seoul Central District Court for mediation under the justice department.<ref>{{cite news|last=Park|first=HyunMin|title=Decision on JYJ vs. SM Entertainment Case Postponed Indefinitely for Mediation|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=15363|accessdate=27 November 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=19 September 2012|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref>

On 28 November 2012, during a voluntary arbitration at the Seoul Central District Court, SM Entertainment and JYJ have reached a mutual agreement to terminate all contracts between the two parties and not to interfere with each other's activities in the future. Thus concluding the three years and four months exclusive contract lawsuit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sunwoo|first=Carla|title=JYJ and SM finally reach agreement|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2963083|accessdate=5 December 2012|newspaper=Joongang Daily|date=29 November 2012}}</ref> A SM official is quoted as saying, "We made a judgment that we don't have to manage the three members of JYJ any longer as they expressed their intention not to keep their activity as TVXQ" and further added that they have decided to end the litigation "to avoid bringing additional harm to U-Know Yunho and Max Changmin, who are active as TVXQ, and to avoid making any more unneeded issues".<ref>{{cite news|title=SM and JYJ Put an End to Their Long, Winding Legal Suit|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=22343|accessdate=5 December 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=28 November 2012|author=Park, HyunMin|author2=Erika Kim|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Tae Ho|title=JYJ, SM Come to Agreement Regarding Exclusive Contract Issue|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2012112813495846832|accessdate=5 December 2012|newspaper=10 Asia|date=28 November 2012}}</ref>

===Contractual dispute with Han Geng===
On December 21, 2009, five months after the three TVXQ members filed, [[Han Geng]] of [[Super Junior]] followed suit. The following day, December 22, 2009, Han Geng's lawyer released the reasons for the contract termination: it contained provisions in SM Entertainment's favor, the 13-year contract length was unlawful, it would take an unfair sum of money to end the contract, he was not allowed to request to revise his contract, he was forced to do things that were not in his contract, he was forced to do things against his will, he was fined if he disobeyed the company, missed any events or was late, and there was unfair profit distribution. Along with this, it was disclosed that because of SM Entertainment's refusal to give him a day off in over two years, he had developed [[gastritis]] and [[kidney disease]].<ref>[http://star.mt.co.kr/view/stview.php?no=2009122215270135930&type=1&outlink=1 "한경 "SM, 非정상적 활동강요"] ''Star News''. 22 December 2009. Retrieved 2012-05-01 {{ko icon}}</ref>

Han Geng's best friend and now current manager, Sun Le, also submitted a statement to the Korean courts citing SM Entertainment's violation of Han Geng's rights. This statement was later leaked to the public via the Internet. Though many suspected the statement to be fan-created, it was later confirmed as true.<ref>[http://community.livejournal.com/geng_bao/76937.html#cutid1 "Exclusive Interview with Han Geng’s Team"] (In Chinese with English Translation) ''Beijing Youth Weekly Magazine'' 25 August 2010. Retrieved 2012-05-01</ref> Sun Le's statement contended that: Han Geng was forced to wear a mask due to SM Entertainment's ill handling of the visa issue, SM Entertainment purposely discriminated against Han Geng and his family, including financially, SM Entertainment refused to cooperate or listen to any of Han Geng's suggestions, SM Entertainment purposely turned down individual activities for Han Geng (including [[Ariel Lin]]'s "Firefly" music video, which later starred two other Super Junior members) and SM Entertainment treated Han Geng's potential endorsers poorly.<ref>[http://saybar.sohu.com/306072/EgEQnC23oG4JBAAAA.html Sohu.com]{{dead link|date=April 2012}}</ref>

On September 27, 2011, Han Geng's departure from Super Junior was made official when legal representatives of both Han Geng and S.M. Entertainment eventually released a statement stating, "Han Geng and S.M. Entertainment have amicably settled on a mutual agreement, and the lawsuit was able to come to a close after Han Geng submitted his 'Notice of Withdrawal of Appeal'."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=106&oid=382&aid=0000011661|title=S.M. Entertainment's official position: Han Geng has "come to a mutual agreement, and will terminate proceedings"|date=September 2011|accessdate=November 10, 2011|publisher=news.naver.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://10.asiae.co.kr/Articles/new_view.htm?a_id=2011092711070333667|title=Han Geng's official position: "S.M. Entertainment has amicably agreed"|date=September 2011|accessdate=November 10, 2011|publisher=10asia.co.kr}}</ref>

===Fair Trade Commission revisions===
SM Entertainment has released an official statement regarding the contract revisions demanded by the Fair Trade Commission. SME officials clarified on the 23rd, “The FTC only ordered us to revise the contract of one of our trainees by removing the three years added onto his contract. We complied, thus making every contract under our agency to date as ‘fair.’ [[BoA]], [[TVXQ]], [[The Grace (band)|The Grace]], [[Super Junior]], [[Girls' Generation]], [[SHINee]], [[The Trax]], and other celebrities under our agency have already been acknowledged as fair contracts by the FTC.”

They continued, “As leaders of the industry, we have been cooperating closely with the National Assembly and other related bureaucracies in order to protect the rights and interests of our celebrities, and to aid in the advancement of Korea’s entertainment industry and the Hallyu wave.” After numerous discussions with the FTC, SME drafted a new contract earlier this year with the changed terms mentioned in the previous article. All artists re-contracted with the agency under the new terms, which were acknowledged by the FTC to be fair. The representative continued, “We fully complied with the recent request by the FTC regarding our contract with a trainee. With the help of the FTC, we will be developing better contracts for the progression of Korean culture and contract customs.”

===2009–2010 MNet Asian Music Awards boycott===
SM Entertainment along with Inwoo Production boycotted the 2009 [[Mnet Asian Music Awards]] event on 21 November, hence none of their artists attended the event. SM stated that they have reservation regarding the standard of fairness and criteria used in their selections,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/11/201_55925.html|title=Music Awards Has Fresh Yet Disappointing Start|last=Han Sang|first=Hee|date=November 22, 2009|publisher=''Korea Times''|accessdate=December 13, 2009}}</ref> citing that [[Girls' Generation]] had topped a music chart for nine consecutive weeks but was never placed first place on their show and only debuted on their charts a month after the album was released. They also asked that their artists be removed from a mobile poll which requires participants to pay a fee in order to vote saying they "do not want to see fans suffer any damage from the poll which has commercial intentions".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kim|first=Jessica|title=SM singers boycott Mnet music award|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2009110321401713544|accessdate=26 April 2012|newspaper=Asiae|date=3 November 2009}}</ref>

===2011: S.M.'s role in the price rigging scheme===
S.M. was one of the 15 companies fined and sued by the [[Fair Trade Commission (South Korea)|Korean FTC]] for [[Fair Trade Commission (South Korea)#2011 music price fixing scandal.5B1.5D|price rigging in 2011]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.allkpop.com/article/2011/03/koreas-fair-trade-commission-fines-15-music-distributors-for-collectively-rigging-prices|title=Korea's Fair Trade Commission fines 15 music distributors for collectively rigging prices|date=March 1, 2011|work=[[allkpop]]|accessdate=July 24, 2013}}</ref>

===Contractual dispute with Kris Wu===
In May 15, 2014, almost five years after Hangeng filed his case against SM Entertainment, [[Kris]] of [[EXO]] filed a lawsuit to terminate his exclusive contract with SM Entertainment.<ref>[http://omonatheydidnt.livejournal.com/13220138.html]</ref> It was first reported on Chinese news portal [[Sina]]<ref>[http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/k/2014-05-15/09314141917.shtml]</ref>, with various reactions from fans. Korean news sites [[TV Daily]]<ref>[http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1400127592697899010]</ref>, [[Korea Herald]]<ref>[http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140515000936]</ref>, [[eNews]]<ref>[http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/k/2014-05-15/09314141917.shtml]</ref><ref>[http://enews24.interest.me/news/article.asp?nsID=403008]</ref>, [[Nate]]<ref>[http://news.nate.com/view/20140515n18374]</ref>, [[TV Report]]<ref>[http://www.tvreport.co.kr/?c=news&m=newsview&idx=501394]</ref>, and [[Daum]]<ref>[http://media.daum.net/entertain/star/newsview?newsid=20140514182304064]</ref><ref>[http://media.daum.net/entertain/star/newsview?newsid=20140515130510805]</ref> followed suit. Details as to when the lawsuit was first filed, what the lawsuit demands are, and Kris’s reasons behind it, have yet to be confirmed.<ref>http://seoulbeats.com/2014/05/exos-kris-files-lawsuit-sm/</ref> Kris is reportedly being represented by the same law firm that represented Hangeng, Hankyul Law Firm.

Members [[Sehun]]<ref>[http://instagram.com/p/oAjwLZrkH6/]</ref>, [[Chanyeol]]<ref>[http://instagram.com/p/oAyikZrmei/]</ref> and [[Tao]]<ref>[http://instagram.com/p/oBGwcthPTt/]</ref> have also posted on their [[Instagram]] accounts their feelings of betrayal and confusion, prompting fans to suspect that something is going on behind the scenes. Some fans have also stated that the members mentioned to have updated their SNS accounts may have not been the ones to do so. Instead, their handlers or SM Entertainment's staff members have been the ones to do so considering that a photo was uploaded online of a staff member possessing and using the members' phones. Only [[Baekhyun's]]<ref></ref> phone was not confiscated, and thus he is still following Kris on Instagram, because he claimed to have left his phone in their dormitory.

==Roster==

===SM Town===
'''[[SM Town]]''', which started in 1999, is the project name for SM Entertainment's summer and winter vacation albums. SMTown albums consist of current SM Entertainment artists. Each SMTown album consists of one SMTown song and a song from each artist or group.<ref>http://smtown.com/</ref>

====Recording artists====
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! width="5%" | Debut
! width="10%" | Artist
! width="5%" | Gender
! width="60%" | Members
! width="10%" | Leader
! width="5%" | Status
! width="15%" | Fanclub
! width="12%" | Official Color
|-
| align=center | 1996
| align=center | [[Kangta]]1
| align=center | Male
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
| align=center | Active
| align=center | Club K.I.T.
| align=center | White
|-
| align=center | 2000
| align=center | [[BoA]]
| align=center | Female
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
| align=center | Active
| align=center | Jumping BoA(K), SOUL(J)
| align=center | Lemon Yellow
|-
| align=center | 2002
| align=center | [[Chu Ga Yeol]]
| align=center | Male
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
| align=center bgcolor=#D3D3D3 | Inactive
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
|-
| align=center | 2003
| align=center | [[TVXQ]]
| align=center | Male
| align=center | [[Yunho|U-Know Yunho]], [[Changmin|Max Changmin]]
| align=center | [[Yunho|U-Know Yunho]]
| align=center | Active
| align=center | Cassiopeia(K), BigEast(J)
| align=center | Pearl Red
|-
| align=center | 2004
| align=center | [[TRAX (band)|TRAX]]
| align=center | Male
| align=center | [[Typhoon (Korean singer)|Jay]], [[TRAX (band)|Jungmo]]
| align=center | [[Jay Kim|Jay]]
| align=center bgcolor=#D3D3D3 | Inactive
| align=center | TRAXIAN
| align=center | Dark Blue
|-
| align=center | 2005
| align=center | [[The Grace (band)|The Grace]]
| align=center | Female
| align=center | [[:ko:린아|Lina]], [[Dana (South Korean singer)|Dana]]2, [[:ko:선데이 (가수)|Sunday]], [[:ko:스테파니 (1987년)|Stephanie]]
| align=center | Non-leader group
| align=center bgcolor=#D3D3D3 | Inactive
| align=center | Shapley
| align=center | Pearl Pink
|-
| align=center | 2005
| align=center | [[Super Junior]]3
| align=center | Male
| align=center | [[Leeteuk]], [[Kim Heechul|Heechul]], [[Yesung]], [[Kangin]], [[Shindong]], [[Lee Sungmin|Sungmin]], [[Eunhyuk]], [[Lee Donghae|Donghae]], [[Choi Siwon|Siwon]], [[Kim Ryeowook|Ryeowook]], [[Kim Kibum|Kibum]]4, [[Cho Kyuhyun|Kyuhyun]] ([[Zhou Mi (entertainer)|Zhou Mi]], [[Henry Lau|Henry]] ([[Super Junior-M|M]]))
| align=center | [[Leeteuk]]
| align=center | Active
| align=center | E.L.F
| align=center | Sapphire Blue
|-
| align=center | 2006
| align=center | [[Zhang Liyin]]
| align=center | Female
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
| align=center | Active
| align=center | Chocolate
| align=center | Metal Pearl Light Gold
|-
| align=center | 2007
| align=center | [[Iconiq]]
| align=center | Female
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
| align=center bgcolor=#D3D3D3 | Inactive
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
|-
| align=center | 2007
| align=center | [[J-Min]]
| align=center | Female
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
| align=center | Active
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
|-
| align=center | 2007
| align=center | [[Girls' Generation]]
| align=center | Female
| align=center | [[Taeyeon]], [[Jessica Jung|Jessica]], [[Sunny (singer)|Sunny]], [[Tiffany Hwang|Tiffany]], [[Hyoyeon]], [[Kwon Yuri|Yuri]], [[Sooyoung]], [[Im Yoona|Yoona]], [[Seohyun]]
| align=center | [[Taeyeon]]
| align=center | Active
| align=center | S♡NE
| align=center | Pastel Rose Pink
|-
| align=center | 2008
| align=center | [[SHINee]]
| align=center | Male
| align=center | [[Onew]], [[Kim Jonghyun|Jonghyun]], [[Key (singer)|Key]], [[Choi Minho|Minho]], [[Lee Taemin|Taemin]]
| align=center | [[Onew]]
| align=center | Active
| align=center | Shawol (SHINee World)
| align=center | Pearlescent Aquamarine
|-
| align=center | 2009
| align=center | [[f(x) (band)|f(x)]]
| align=center | Female
| align=center | [[Victoria Song|Victoria]], [[Amber Liu (singer)|Amber]], [[Luna (singer)|Luna]], [[Sulli]], [[Krystal Jung|Krystal]]
| align=center | [[Victoria Song|Victoria]]
| align=center | Active
| align=center | —
| align=center | Pearl Light Periwinkle
|-
| align=center | 2012
| align=center | [[Exo (band)|EXO]]
| align=center | Male
| align="center" | [[SuHo|Suho]], [[List of Exo members#Baekhyun|Baekhyun]], [[List of Exo members#Chanyeol|Chanyeol]], [[List of Exo members#D.O.|D.O.]], [[List of Exo members#Kai|Kai]], [[List of Exo members#Sehun|Sehun]] (K) [[List of Exo members#Kris|Kris]], [[List of Exo members#Xiumin|Xiumin]], [[List of Exo members#Lu Han|Lu Han]], [[List of Exo members#Lay|Lay]], [[List of Exo members#Chen|Chen]], [[List of Exo members#Tao|Tao]] (M)
| align="center" | [[List of Exo members#Suho|Suho]] (EXO-K) [[List of Exo members#Kris|Kris]] (EXO-M)
| align=center | Active
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
|-
| align=center | 2013
| align=center | [[Henry Lau|Henry]]5
| align=center | Male
| align=center | —
| align=center | —
| align=center | Active
| align=center |
| align=center | —
|}
1[[Kangta]] originally debuted as a member of [[H.O.T.]] in 1996. After the group disbanded in 2001, he became a solo artist.
 2[[Dana (South Korean singer)|Dana]] originally debuted as a solo artist in 2001 but later became a member of [[The Grace (group)|The Grace]] in 2005.
 3[[Zhou Mi (entertainer)|Zhou Mi]] and [[Henry Lau|Henry]] are active members only of Super Junior's sub-unit [[Super Junior-M]], promoting mainly in Chinese-speaking countries.
 4 Although having been inactive in the group since 2009 due to a pursuit in acting, [[Kim Kibum]] is still a member of the group. Han Geng left in 2009 after filing for contract termination.
 5[[Henry Lau|Henry]] originally debuted as a member of [[Super Junior-M]] in 2008.
{{Col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

====Studio artists====
;Composers
* [[Lee Soo-man]] ([[executive producer|executive]])
* [[Yoo Young-jin]]
* [[Kenzie (songwriter)|Kenzie]]
* [[Song Kwang-sik]]
* [[Kangta]]
* [[Park Su Hyun (Evans Hyun)]]

{{col-break}}
;Korean lyricists
* [[Yoo Young-jin]]
* [[Kenzie (songwriter)|Kenzie]]
* [[Misfit (songwriter)|Misfit]]
* Seo Ji-eum
* Kim Bu-min

;Chinese lyricists
* Li Yuan
* Wang Yajun
* Zhou Wejei

====Pianist====
* Song Kwang-sik
{{col-break}}

{{col-break}}

====Project units====
* [[S (group)|S]]
* [[Kangta & Vanness|K&V]]
* The BLUE
* [[SM the Ballad|S.M. The Ballad]]
* M&D
* [[Younique Unit]]
* [[SM the Performance|S.M. The Performance]]
* [[ToHeart (band)|ToHeart]]
*[[SM Rookies]]
{{col-break}}

====Sub-units====
* [[Super Junior-K.R.Y.]]
* [[Super Junior-T]]
* [[Super Junior-M]]
* [[Super Junior-Happy]]
* [[Super Junior-Donghae & Eunhyuk]]
* [[The Grace - Dana & Sunday]]
* [[Girls' Generation-TTS]]
* [[EXO (band)|EXO-K]]
* [[EXO (band)|EXO-M]]
{{col-end}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

===SM C&C===

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

====Entertainers====
* Hong Rocky
* Jang Dong-hyuk
* [[Jun Hyun-moo]]
* [[Kang Ho-dong]]
* [[Kim Byung-man]]
* Kim Kyung-sik
* Lee Dong-woo
* [[Lee Soo-geun]]
* Ryu Dam
* [[Shin Dong-yup]]
{{col-break}}

====Actors & actresses====
*[[Go Ara]]
*[[Lee Yeon-hee]]
*[[Kim Min-jong]]
* Gong Hyung-jin
* [[Han Chae-young]]
* [[Jang Dong-gun]]
* Jo Min-seong
* [[Jung So-min]]
* [[Kang Ye-won]]
* [[Kim Ha-neul]]
* [[Kim Shi-hoo]]
* [[Kim Su-ro]]
* [[Kwon Yuri]]
* Lee Chae-won
* [[Moon Ga-young]]
* [[Song Jae-rim]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Choi Siwon]]
* [[Kangin]]
* [[Lee Donghae]]
* [[Choi Minho]]
* [[Choi Sulli]]
* [[Krystal Jung]]
* [[Suho]]
* Jiji
* [[Im Yoona]]
* [[Max Changmin]]
* [[BoA]]
* [[Yoon So-hee]]

====Model====
* Kim Mi-Jung
{{col-end}}

====Woollim Label====
{{main|Woollim Entertainment#Artists}}

==Former artists==

===SM Town===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! width="5%" | Debut
! width="10%" | Artist
! width="5%" | Gender
! width="40%" | Members
! width="10%" | Leader
! width="5%" | Leave
|-
| align="center" | 1990
| align="center" | [[Hyun Jin-young]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 1993
|-
| align="center" | 1991
| align="center" | [[:ko:한동준|Han Dong-joon]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 1992
|-
| align="center" | 1991
| align="center" | [[:ko:김광진 (1964년)|Kim Kwang-jin]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 1992
|-
| align="center" | 1994
| align="center" | [[MAJOR (duo)]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | [[Seo-Yeonsoo]], [[Lim-bumjun]]
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 1994
|-
| align="center" | 1994
| align="center" | [[J&J (duo)]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | [[Jay Kim]], [[Jay Kang]]
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 1994
|-
| align="center" | 1996
| align="center" | [[H.O.T.]]1
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | [[Moon Hee-jun]], [[Jang Woo-hyuk]], [[Tony An]], [[Lee Jae-won]], [[Kangta]]
| align="center" | [[Moon Hee-jun]]
| align="center" | 2001
|-
| align="center" | 1997
| align="center" | [[S.E.S. (band)|S.E.S.]]
| align="center" | Female
| align="center" | [[Bada (singer)|Bada]], [[Eugene (entertainer)|Eugene]], [[Shoo (singer)|Shoo]]
| align="center" | [[Bada (singer)|Bada]]
| align="center" | 2002
|-
| align="center" | 1998
| align="center" | [[Shinhwa]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | [[Eric Mun]], [[Lee Min-woo]], [[Kim Dong-wan]], [[Shin Hye-sung]], [[Jun Jin]], [[Andy Lee (Korean singer)|Andy Lee]]
| align="center" | [[Eric Mun]]
| align="center" | 2003
|-
| align="center" | 1999
| align="center" | [[Fly to the Sky]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | [[Hwanhee]], [[Brian Joo]]
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2004
|-
| align="center" | 2001
| align="center" | [[Jang Nara|Jang Na-ra]]
| align="center" | Female
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2008
|-
| align="center" | 2001
| align="center" | [[M.I.L.K]]
| align="center" | Female
| align="center" | Park Hee-bon, [[Seo Hyun-jin]], Kim Bo-mi, Bae Yu-mi
| align="center" | Park Hee-bon
| align="center" | 2004
|-
| align="center" | 2002
| align="center" | [[Black Beat|Blackbeat]]
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | Lee So-min, Hwang Sang-hoon, Jung Ji-hoon, Shim Jae-won, Jang Jin-young
| align="center" | Lee So-min
| align="center" | 2007
|-
| align="center" | 2002
| align="center" | [[Shinvi]]
| align="center" | Female
| align="center" | Yoo Soo-jin, Oh Sang-eun, Yoo-na
| align="center" | Yoo Soo-jin
| align="center" | 2003
|-
| align="center" | 2002
| align="center" | [[Isak N Jiyeon|Isak 'N' Jiyeon]]2
| align="center" | Female
| align="center" | [[:ko:린아|Lina]] (now member of [[The Grace (band)|The Grace]]), [[Isak N Jiyeon|Kim Isak]]
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2004
|-
| align="center" | 2003
| align="center" | [[Jaejoong|Kim Jae-joong]]3
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2009
|-
|-
| align="center" | 2003
| align="center" | [[Junsu|Kim Jun-su]]3
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2009
|-
| align="center" | 2003
| align="center" | [[Yoochun|Park Yoo-chun]]3
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2009
|-
| align="center" | 2004
| align="center" | [[TRAX (band)|Kang Jung-woo]]4
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2006
|-
| align="center" | 2004
| align="center" | [[No Min-woo]]4
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2009
|-
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | [[Han Geng]]5
| align="center" | Male
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | 2009

|}
1After H.O.T. disbanbded in 2001, [[Jang Woo Hyuk]], [[Tony An]] and [[Lee Jae Won]] left S.M. Entertainment while [[Kangta]] and [[Moon Hee-joon]] were offered lucrative contracts as solo artists. Moon Hee-joon later left the company in 2005 while Kangta remained.
 2After [[Isak N Jiyeon]] disbanded in 2004, Jiyeon took the stage name of Lina and became a member of [[The Grace (group)|The Grace]] in 2005. Isak became VJ and radio DJ for [[Arirang (TV network)|Arirang]], but left the company in 2012.
 3[[Jaejoong|Kim Jae-joong]], [[Junsu|Kim Jun-su]], and [[Yoochun|Park Yoo-chun]] debuted in 2003 as members of [[TVXQ]]. They left in 2009 after the three filed for an injunction against SM Entertainment and formed [[JYJ]] in 2010.
 4[[No Min-woo]] and [[TRAX (band)|Kang Jung Woo]] debuted as members of [[TRAX (band)|TRAX]] in 2004.
 5[[Han Geng]] debuted in 2005 as members of [[Super Junior]]. He left in 2009 after filing for contract termination.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

====MC====
* [[Park Myeong-su]]

====Notable former trainees====
* [[Wheesung]] (now under YMC Entertainment)
* [[Lee Joon-gi|Lee Jun-ki]] (now an actor under Namoo Actors)
* [[Heo Young-saeng|Youngsaeng]] (now under B2M Entertainment as a member of [[SS501]])
* [[Park Jung-min|Jungmin]] (member of [[SS501]])
* [[Park Gyu-ri|Gyuri]] (now under [[DSP Media]] as the leader of [[Kara (band)|Kara]])
* [[G.O (singer)|G.O]] (now under [[J. Tune Entertainment#J. Tune Camp 2|J. Tune Camp]] as a member of [[MBLAQ]])
* [[Sol Bi]] (now under Histar Entertainment)
* [[G-Dragon]] (now under [[YG Entertainment]] as the leader of [[Big Bang (South Korean band)|Big Bang]])<ref>{{cite news|last=Choi|first=EunHwa|title=G-Dragon was Actually a SM Trainee?|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=6431|accessdate=22 May 2012|newspaper=enewsWorld|date=9 May 2012|agency=CJ E&M}}</ref>
* [[Lee Jong-suk]] (now an actor under Wellmade STARM)
* [[Zico]] (now under Seven Seasons as the leader of [[Block B]])
* [[Park So-yeon (singer)|Soyeon]] (now under [[Core Contents Media]] as a member of [[T-ara]])
* Chanmi (Former member of [[Coed School]] & [[F-ve Dolls]])
* Hyunyoung (now under [[DSP Media]] as a member of [[Rainbow (South Korean band)|Rainbow]])
* [[Ko Woo-ri|Woori]] (now under [[DSP Media]] as a member of [[Rainbow (South Korean band)|Rainbow]])
* [[Raina (singer)|Raina]] (now under [[Pledis Entertainment]] as a member of [[After School (band)|After School]] and leader of [[Orange Caramel]])
* [[Heo Ga-yoon|Gayoon]] (now under [[Cube Entertainment]] as a member of [[4Minute]])
*[[Yoon Bora]] (now under [[Starship Entertainment]] as a member of [[SISTAR (band)|Sistar]] )
* Park Eun-ji (now under [[Star Empire Entertainment]] as a Graduate member of [[Nine Muses (band)|Nine Muses]])
* [[Park Kahi|Kahi]] (now under [[Pledis Entertainment]] as Graduate leader of [[After School (band)|After School]]. Now a solo singer)

===Woollim Label===
{{main|Woollim Entertainment#Former}}

==Discography==
{{Main|SM Entertainment discography}}

==Filmography==
* ''[[Attack on the Pin-Up Boys]]'' (2007)
* ''Heading to the Ground'' (2009)
* ''[[Paradise Ranch]]'' (2011)
* ''[[I AM.]]'' (2012)
* ''[[To The Beautiful You]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Prime Minister and I]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Miss Korea]]'' (2013–2014)

==Partnership==
* Starworld Entertainment
* [[Yoshimoto Kogyo|Fandango Korea]]
* [[Avex Group|Avex Entertainment]]
* [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Nayutawave Records]]
* [[EMI Music Japan]]
* [[J Storm]]
* [[TrueVisions|TrueVisions Group]]
* Kraze Burger
* [[YinYueTai]]
* [[KakaoTalk|Kakao Inc.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2011/10/sm-entertainment-signs-partnership-with-kakao#axzz2fON5BkEN|title=SM Entertainment signs partnership with 'Kakao'|date=October 10, 2011|work=[[allkpop]]|accessdate=September 20, 2013}}</ref>

===Distributing labels===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

====S.M. Entertainment====
;South Korea
* Self-distributed (1995–2003, 2008–2011)
* IKPop Co., Ltd. (2003–2008)
* [[KMP Holdings]] (2011–2013)
* [[KT Corporation|KT Music]] (2013–present)

;Japan
* [[Avex Group]] [BoA, Tohoshinki, Tenjochiki, Super Junior, f(x)] (2000–present)
* [[VAP (company)|VAP]] (1998–2000) (S.E.S)
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] (Girls' Generation, J-Min, SHINee) (2010–present)
* [[EMI Music Japan]] (SHINee) (2011–2013) (merged into [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]])

;Taiwan
* [[Avex Taiwan]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] (Girls' Generation) (2010–present)

;Malaysia/Singapore
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]]
* [[Warner Music Group|Warner Music]] (Japanese releases of SHINee) (2010–2013) (as licensee of [[EMI Music Malaysia]])
{{col-2}}

;Indonesia
* Indo Semar Sakti
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] (Girls' Generation, Japanese releases of SHINee)
* [[Warner Music Group|Warner Music]] (SHINee) (2012–2013) (as licensee of [[EMI Music]]; Japanese releases only)

;Philippines
* [[Universal Records (Philippines)|Universal Records]] (as licensee of [[Avex Group]])
* [[Universal Music Group|MCA Music]] (Girls' Generation, Japanese releases of SHINee) (2010–present)
* [[PolyEast Records]] (Japanese releases of SHINee) (2010–2013)

;Thailand
* [[GMM Grammy|GMM International]] (as licensee of [[Avex Group]]) (until 2011)
* [[True Corporation|SM True]] (2011–present)

;China and Hong Kong
* Sky Music
* [[Avex Group|Avex Hong Kong]]
* [[Media Asia Entertainment Group|Media Asia Music]] (Super Junior) (2012–present)<ref>[http://www.mediaasia.com/music/ Media Asia Music]</ref>
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] (Girls' Generation, Japanese releases of SHINee) (2010–present)
* [[Warner Music]] (Japanese releases of SHINee) (2010–2013) (as licensee of [[EMI Music|EMI Pathe]])

{{col-end}}

====Woollim Label====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;South Korea
* [[CJ E&M Music and Live]] (2006–2008)
* self-distributed (2008–2011)
* [[LOEN Entertainment]] (2011–present)
* [[KT Corporation|KT Music]] (2013–present)
{{col-2}}
;Japan
* [[Watanabe Productions|Home Game Records]] (Nell) (2013–present)
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] (Infinite) (2011–present)
{{col-end}}

====Baljunso Label====
;South Korea
* [[KT Corporation|KT Music]]

==Subsidiaries==
* SM TinTin Hall (2000)
* SM Entertainment Japan (2001)
* SM Academy (2003)
* SM Art Company (2005)
* SM Pictures (2007)
* SM Amusement
* SM F&B Development
* SM Entertainment USA (2008)
* SM Town Travel (2012)
* SM Culture & Contents (2012)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.smtown.com}}
* {{Facebook|smtown}}
* {{Twitter|SMTOWNGLOBAL}}
* {{YouTube|user=smtown}}

{{Navboxes
|list={{SM Entertainment}}
{{K-pop}}
{{KRX 100 companies}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sm Entertainment}}
[[Category:S.M. Entertainment| ]]
[[Category:Synthpop record labels]]
[[Category:Pop record labels]]
[[Category:Electronic dance music record labels]]
[[Category:Dubstep record labels]]
[[Category:South Korean record labels]]
[[Category:Talent agencies of South Korea]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1995]]
[[Category:Companies listed on KOSDAQ]]

Apink

2014-03-31T11:07:06Z

220.255.2.26: /* 2014: Good Morning Baby, Pink Blossom */

{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Apink 에이핑크
|image = Apink at the NBA 3X Korea event, Yeoeuido park, Seoul, in August 2013.jpg
|caption = Apink at the NBA 3X Korea event, Yeoeuido park, Seoul, in August 2013 From left to right: [[Oh Ha-young]], [[Kim Nam-joo (singer)|Kim Nam-joo]], [[Yoon Bomi|Yoon Bo-mi]], [[Son Na-eun]], [[Jung Eun-ji]], [[Park Cho-rong]]
|landscape = yes
|alias =
|background = group_or_band
|origin = [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]
|genre = [[K-pop]], [[dance-pop]]
|years_active = 2011–present
|label = [[Cube Entertainment#A Cube Entertainment|A Cube Entertainment]] [[Cube Entertainment]] [[CJ E&M Music and Live]] (2011-2014) [[LOEN Entertainment]] (2014-present)
|website = {{Url|apink.a-cube.co.kr/|Official website}}
|current_members = [[Park Cho-rong|Chorong]] [[Yoon Bomi|Bomi]] [[Jung Eun-ji|Eunji]] [[Son Na-eun|Naeun]] [[Kim Nam-joo (singer)|Namjoo]] [[Oh Ha-young|Hayoung]]
|past_members = [[Hong Yoo-kyung|Yookyung]]
}}
{{contains Korean text}}

'''A Pink''' ({{lang-ko|에이핑크}}; stylized as '''Apink''') is a South Korean girl group under [[Cube Entertainment#A Cube Entertainment|A Cube Entertainment]] formed in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/hotnews/issue/view.gaon?idx=10 |title=소녀들의 ′대반격′, 가요계 걸그룹 러시 어떻게 볼 것인가 |trans_title=Group of girls 'counter-strike', the music industry will rush to see how |language=Korean |date=2011-04-13 |publisher=[[Gaon Chart]]}}</ref> The group consists of [[Park Cho-rong]], [[Yoon Bomi]], [[Jung Eun-ji]], [[Son Na-eun]], [[Kim Nam-joo (singer)|Kim Nam-joo]] and [[Oh Ha-young]]. [[Hong Yoo-kyung]] left the group in April 2013.

The group has released three Korean EPs and one studio album. They debuted on April 21, 2011, with "Mollayo" (몰라요; "I Don't Know") from their debut EP ''[[Seven Springs of A Pink]]'' on [[Mnet (TV channel)|Mnet]]'s ''[[M! Countdown]]''. The group has also won numerous rookies awards at shows such as the 26th [[Golden Disk Awards]], 21st [[Seoul Music Awards]], and 13th [[Mnet Asian Music Awards]]. Their first music program win was on ''M! Countdown'' on January 5, 2012, for "My My" from their second EP ''[[Snow Pink]]''.

==History==

===Pre-debut===
The first trainee to be revealed as a member of [[Cube Entertainment]]'s new girl group was [[Son Na-eun]], who was featured in labelmate [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]]'s "Soom" (숨; "Breath"), "Beautiful" and "Niga Jeil Joha" (니가 제일 좋아; "I Like You the Best") music videos in late 2010. The second member revealed was the group's leader, [[Park Cho-rong]], who was shown at the end of [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]]'s "[[Shock (Beast song)|Shock]]" Japanese music video. It was later revealed that the new girl group would be managed by a sub-division of [[Cube Entertainment]] known as [[Cube Entertainment#A Cube Entertainment|A Cube Entertainment]]. On February 21, [[Cube Entertainment#A Cube Entertainment|A Cube Entertainment]] set up an official [[Twitter]] account and revealed Oh Ha-young as the third member of Apink. [[Jung Eun-ji]] was the fourth member revealed through A Cube's Twitter through a video of her singing a rendition of [[Jennifer Hudson]]'s "[[Love You I Do]]". Hong Yoo-kyung was similarly revealed through an online video where she was playing the piano. Yoon Bo-mi and Kim Nam-joo were the last members to be revealed through Twitter.

Prior to the group's debut, the documentary ''Apink News'' aired on the Korean cable channel TrendE. The show chronicled the debut process of the members of Apink. The pilot episode of ''Apink News'' was aired on March 11. Each episode featured a different celebrity guest as its anchorman. Among the celebrity guests of the show were [[G.NA]], Mario, [[MBLAQ]]'s Seung Ho and [[G.O (singer)|G.O]], [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]], [[4minute]], [[2AM]]'s [[Jeong Jin Woon|Jinwoon]], [[Infinite (band)|Infinite]]'s Sunggyu and Sungjong, and [[Secret (South Korean band)|Secret]]'s [[Han Sunhwa|Sunhwa]] and [[Jun Hyoseong|Hyoseong]].

===2011: Debut - ''Seven Springs of Apink'' and ''Snow Pink''===
[[File:A Pink at the GSL Season 5 Code S Final Performance, 10 September 2011 04.jpg|thumbnail|left|A Pink at the GSL Season 5 Code S Final Performance, September 10, 2011]]
On April 13, the music video teaser for Apink's debut EP, ''[[Seven Springs of A Pink]]'', was released. The theme of the teaser was the spring season and the idea of innocent beauty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/04/a-pink-releases-seven-springs-of-a-pink-mv-teaser |title=APink releases 'Seven Springs of APink' MV teaser |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-04-12}}</ref> The group released the album and the music video for its lead single, "Mollayo" (몰라요; "I Don't Know"), on April 19.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/04/apink-releases-debut-ep-seven-springs-of-apink#disqus_thread |title=Apink releases debut EP, "Seven Springs of Apink" |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-04-18}}</ref> The album featured five songs, including "It Girl" and "Wishlist". The music video for "Mollayo" featured Beast's [[Lee Gi Kwang|Gi Kwang]]. Apink made their debut stage performance with "Mollayo" on [[Mnet (TV channel)|Mnet]]'s ''[[M! Countdown]]'' on April 21 to promote their album. During the group's first official fanmeet, it was revealed that their official fan club name is 'Pink Panda', a play on the name of the group and the Korean word for 'fan' ({{lang|ko|팬}}, ''paen''). Following their promotions for "I Don't Know", the group promoted "It Girl" on the weekly music shows. Apink also recorded the song "Uri Geunyang Saranghage Haejuseyo" (우리 그냥 사랑하게 해주세요; "Please Let Us Love") for the popular [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] drama, ''[[Protect the Boss]]''. The soundtrack was released in September 2011.

In November 2011, Apink began recording a new reality television show called ''[[Saturday Freedom#Birth of a Family|Birth of a Family]]'' with boy band [[Infinite (band)|Infinite]]. The show followed the journey of the two idol groups in taking care of abandoned and mistreated animals over the course of eight weeks. The first episode aired on November 12.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/10/infinite-apink-to-star-on-new-animal-variety-show-birth-of-a-family |title=INFINITE & APink to star on new animal variety show 'Birth of a Family' |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-10-31}}</ref>

The group released their second EP, ''[[Snow Pink]]'', on November 22, featuring the lead single "My My".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/11/a-pink-to-make-a-comeback-on-november-22nd |title=APink to make a comeback on November 22nd |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-11-17}}</ref> The album featured five tracks, including "Yeah" and "Prince". The music video teaser for "My My" was released on November 21.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/11/a-pink-releases-mymy-mv-teaser |title=APink releases "My My" MV teaser |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-11-20}}</ref> Promotions for "My My" began on November 25, on [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]' ''[[Music Bank (TV series)|Music Bank]]''. The song was particularly noted for having a sound reminiscent of girl groups of the early 2000s, such as [[S.E.S. (band)|S.E.S]] and [[Fin.K.L]]. During their promotions for "My My", the group opened up a one-day idol tea cafe, serving visiting fans to raise profits for charity and preparing food and drinks themselves. The members also auctioned off some of their personal items for charity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/12/a-pink-opens-up-a-one-day-cafe-to-raise-money-for-charity |title=APink opens up a one-day cafe to raise money for charity |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-12-14}}</ref>

On November 29, Apink were awarded the Best New Female Artist award at the 13th [[Mnet Asian Music Awards]].

Apink released a song with [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]] called "Skinny Baby" for the school uniform brand Skool Looks on December 26. The track was written by Kim Taewan and Yoon Sangjo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kpopseven.com/860/a-pink-and-beast-reveals-skinny-baby-mv-for-skool-looks/ |title=A Pink and Beast Reveals 'Skinny Baby' MV for Skool Looks |date=2011-12-27 |publisher=kpopseven}}</ref>

===2012: ''Une Annee''===
[[File:A Pink in February 2012 from acrofan.jpg|thumb |alt= |APink in February 2012]]
On January 5, 2012, the group won their very first music show award on [[Mnet (TV channel)|Mnet]]'s ''[[M! Countdown]] for "My My".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2012/01/a-pink-wins-1-performances-from-january-5ths-m-countdown |title=APink wins #1 on January 5th’s ‘M! Countdown’ |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2012-01-05}}</ref>

Eunji and [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]]'s [[Yoseob]] released the music video for their duet song "Love Day" on March 13, which was from a project titled 'A Cube for Season # Green',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2012/03/b2sts-yoseob-and-a-pinks-eunji-release-mv-for-love-day-2 |title=B2ST’s Yoseob and A Pink’s Eunji release MV for ‘Love Day’ |date=2012-03-13 |work=[[allkpop]]}}</ref> with the full single being released the next day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mwave.interest.me/album/album.m?searchAlbumVO.album_id=250319 |title=[Album] 'A CUBE' for Season # Green |work=Mwave |publisher=[[Mnet Media]]}}</ref> Eunji and Yoseob performed the song on the April 7 episode of [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]'s ''[[Show! Music Core]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2012/04/b2sts-yoseob-a-pinks-eunji-sing-love-day-on-music-core |title=B2ST’s Yoseob & A Pink’s Eunji sing "Love Day" on 'Music Core'! |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2012-04-07}}</ref>

The group performed at the Kool Haus in Toronto, Canada, to about 1,000-1,600 fans on March 21, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=CMF in Review: 2K12 Korea Night: K-Pop Wave at Kool Haus (03/21/12)|url=http://awmusic.ca/2012/03/22/cmf-in-review-2k12-korea-night-k-pop-wave-at-kool-haus-032112/|publisher=AW Music|accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> On April 19, they released "4 Wol 19 Il" (4월 19일; "April 19th") as a gift for their fans to celebrate their one year anniversary. The song was composed by Kim Jin-hwan, and the lyrics were personally written by the group's leader, [[Park Cho-rong]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A Pink’s Park Cho Rong dedicates her first written song to her fans|url=http://en.korea.com/blog/enter/k-pop/a-pinks-park-cho-rong-dedicates-her-first-written-song-to-her-fans/|publisher=Korea.com|accessdate=2 June 2012}}</ref> "April 19th" was included on their first studio album, ''[[Une Annee]]'', which was released on May 9. The group promoted the album by making weekly appearances on several music programs and performing their title song "Hush". Apink released their third single from the album, "Bubibu", on July 6. The single was chosen by fans through an internet polling on Mnet's official website.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nate.com/view/20120502n09201 |title='청순돌 돌아온다!' 에이핑크, 9일 정규1집 발표 |date=2012-05-02 |work=[[Nate]] |publisher=[[SK Communications]] |language=Korean}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soompi.com/2012/06/27/a-pink-decides-on-next-song-to-be-promoted-bubibu|title= APink Decides on Next Song to be Promoted, "Bubibu"|date=2012-06-27|accessdate=2012-06-28 |work=[[Soompi]]}}</ref> The group began follow-up promotions for "Bubibu" on July 7.

Fans have great respect for Apink who performed in front of a massive crowd despite the pouring rain in the MNET One Asia Tour 2012 Smile Thailand concert at the Rajamangala National Stadium in Thailand on October 4.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chaiyong |first=Suwitcha |url=http://www.student-weekly.com/051112/051112-entertain03.html |title=Singing in the rain: K-pop stars stage a spectacular |work=Student Weekly |location=Bangkok |date=2012-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mwave.interest.me/news/newsdetail.m?searchNewsVO.news_id=201209281533_16327 |title=A Pink Added to ′M Countdown Smile Thailand′ Concert Lineup |last=Oh |first=Esther |date=2012-09-28 |work=Mwave |publisher=[[Mnet Media]]}}</ref>

===2013: ''Second Cube Project + Second Collaboration'', Line-up Changes, Secret Garden and Rise In Popularity ===
Eunji and Namjoo featuring Hyunseung of Beast released the single from the project "A Cube For Season #White" on January 3<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mwave.interest.me/album/album.m?searchAlbumVO.album_id=277144 |title=A Cube For season # White |work=Mwave |publisher=[[Mnet Media]]}}</ref> to commemorate Apink's win the year before and Eunji, Hyunseung and B2STs successes that year. Later in January, Apink recorded a second collaboration single with Beast, titled "5! My Baby (Oh! My Baby)" which was for the school uniform brand Skoolooks.
On January 5, Apink appeared at the AIA K-POP 2013 concert in Hong Kong and performed several of their hit songs along with other [[Cube Entertainment]] groups [[4Minute]] and [[B2ST]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=AIA to Bring 'AIA K-POP 2013' to Hong Kong |url=http://www.aia.com.hk/en/resources/69daeb004d8cc327b24fb2aaf44b317c/AIAHK_press_release_20121122_eng_KPop.pdf |date=2012-11-22 |publisher=AIA Hong Kong}}</ref>

On the 23rd of April, it was announced that member Yookyung would leave the group to focus on her studies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2013/04/breaking-a-pinks-yookyung-announces-departure-from-group |title=A Pink’s Yookyung announces departure from group |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2013-04-23}}</ref> A Cube announced that she is to be replaced by a new member, who is expected to start promoting with the group for their comeback, expected to be in July, with the date confirmed in a recent interview at a university event.

On May 31, Eunji and labelmate [[Huh Gak]] released a song from the "A Cube For Season #Blue" project titled 'Short Hair', which received an all-kill immediately upon its release to online music charts.<ref>{{cite web|title='비스트-허각 정은지 음악차트 양분 ‘놀라운 큐브 파워’|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201305311447052410|publisher=Newsen|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> On June 23 A Cube Entertainment revealed Teaser for "Secret Garden". On July 3, it was revealed on A Cube Entertainment's official [[YouTube]] channel that the group's upcoming title track would be named "NoNoNo" off their third mini album "Secret Garden", to be released on July 5. The group would be promoting as a six member group after the leave of previous member Hong Yookyung. The music video for "NoNoNo" and the mini-album was released simultaneously, one day after the group performed their title track on Mnet's ''[[M! Countdown]]'' on July 4.<ref>{{cite web|title=SISTAR win #1 + Performances from July 4th 'M! Countdown'!|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/07/win-1-performances-from-july-4th-m-countdown|publisher=Allkpop|accessdate=4 July 2013}}</ref>

On July 11, Apink were appointed honorary ambassadors of the Seoul Character & Licensing Fair 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Pink to be appointed as Honorary Ambassador of Seoul Character & Licensing Fair 2013|url=http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=4822|publisher=BNTNews|accessdate=July 15, 2013}}</ref> On July 17, Apink won their first trophy on Show Champion for their title song "NoNoNo", followed by their first network win on KBS Music Bank. Promotions for "NoNoNo" concluded on August 16, 2013. A Pink also released the music videos for the tracks "Secret Garden" and "U You" of their 3rd mini album which concluded their promotions of Secret Garden. On August 31, Apink held their first official fan-meeting in Korea. Apink successfully held their first fan-meeting in Taiwan and Singapore on 20 October 2013 and 25 October 2013 respectively. On November 22, 2013, Apink attended the 15th [[Mnet Asian Music Awards]] where they received the Next Generation Global Star award.<ref>http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/11/winners-from-the-2013-mama#axzz2lAKBJ6s1</ref>

On December 2, Apink collaborated with fellow [[Cube Entertainment]] acts [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]], [[4Minute]], [[BTOB]], [[G.NA]], [[Roh Ji-hoon]], [[Shin Ji-hoon]] and Kim Kiri to release "Christmas Song".<ref>http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/12/united-cube-artists-drop-carol-christmas-song-and-mv-to-spread-holiday-cheer#axzz2m6LOOERN</ref> In the same month, Apink recorded a collaboration single with [[B.A.P]], titled "Mini" for the school uniform brand Skoolooks.<ref>http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/12/a-pink-and-bap-look-fresh-and-youthful-in-mini-mv-for-skoolooks-endorsement#axzz2m6LOOERN</ref>

===2014: ''Good Morning Baby, Pink Blossom'' ===
On January 9, Apink posted photos of themselves on Apink's official fancafe. It was later revealed that they would be releasing a digital single to commemorate their 1000th day since their debut as well as to thank their fans for their support. The single, titled "[[Good Morning Baby (A Pink song)|Good Morning Baby]]", was released on January 13 at 12:00 PM KST.

On March 14, Apink was appointed as the "Public Relation Ambassadors" of the Military Manpower Administration. They were the first female idol group to become an ambassador.

A Cube released Apink's 4th mini album teaser on the March 17. It was revealed that Apink will make their comeback with their 4th mini album "Pink Blossom" on March 31.
On March 26, a teaser was released showing A Pink attending a tennis match for their MV, 'Mr. Chu' as a continuation of Pink Blossom. On March 31, A Cube Entertainment uploaded "Mr Chu" music video via Youtube. The song received many positive response and achieved #1 in 7 music charts as soon as it was released. On April 4, Apink will perform their first comeback stage of Mr. Chu on [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]'s ''[[Music Bank (TV series)|Music Bank]]''.

== Members ==

=== Current ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:pink; text-align:center;"
! colspan="8" style="background: pink;" |A Pink's Current Members<ref name="a-cube.co.kr">http://www.a-cube.co.kr/artist01/</ref>
|- style="color:#aaaaa ;" |

! colspan=2 align="center" | Stage name<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! colspan=3 align="center" | Birth name<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! rowspan=2 align="center" width="180"| Date of Birth<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
|-
! align="center" width="55"| Romanized<ref name="kpopn.com">http://kpopn.com/2011/05/30/66925/</ref>
! align="center" width="55"| Hangul
! align="center" width="120"| Romanized<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! align="center" width="55"| Hangul<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! align="center" width="55"| Hanja
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Park Cho-rong|Chorong]]
|style="text-align:center"|초롱
| style="text-align:center" |Park Cho-rong
|style="text-align:center"|박초롱
|style="text-align:center"|朴初瓏
|style="text-align:center"|{{Birth date and age|1991|03|03}}
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Yoon Bomi|Bomi]]
|style="text-align:center"|보미
| style="text-align:center" |Yoon Bo-mi
|style="text-align:center"|윤보미
|style="text-align:center"|尹普美
|style="text-align:center"|{{Birth date and age|1993|08|13}}
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Jung Eun-ji|Eunji]]
|style="text-align:center"|은지
| style="text-align:center" |Jung Eun-Ji
|style="text-align:center"|정은지
|style="text-align:center"|鄭恩地
|style="text-align:center"|{{Birth date and age|1993|08|18}}
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Son Na-eun|Naeun]]
|style="text-align:center"|나은
| style="text-align:center" |Son Na-eun
|style="text-align:center"|손나은
|style="text-align:center"|孫娜恩
|style="text-align:center"|{{Birth date and age|1994|02|10}}
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Kim Nam-joo (singer)|Namjoo]]
|style="text-align:center"|남주
| style="text-align:center" |Kim Nam-joo
|style="text-align:center"|김남주
|style="text-align:center"|金南珠
|style="text-align:center"|{{Birth date and age|1995|4|15}}
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Oh Ha-young|Hayoung]]
|style="text-align:center"|하영
| style="text-align:center" |Oh Ha-young
|style="text-align:center"|오하영
|style="text-align:center"|吳夏榮
|style="text-align:center"|{{Birth date and age|1996|07|19}}
|-
|}

=== Former ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:pink; text-align:center;"
! colspan="8" style="background: pink;" |A Pink's Former Members<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
|- style="color:#aaaaa ;" |
! colspan=2 align="center" | Stage name<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! colspan=3 align="center" | Birth name<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! rowspan=2 align="center" width="180"| Date of Birth<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
|-
! align="center" width="55"| Romanized<ref name="kpopn.com"/>
! align="center" width="55"| Hangul
! align="center" width="120"| Romanized<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! align="center" width="55"| Hangul<ref name="a-cube.co.kr"/>
! align="center" width="55"| Hanja
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Hong Yoo-kyung|Yookyung]]
|style="text-align:center"|유경
| style="text-align:center" |Hong Yoo-kyung
|style="text-align:center"|홍유경
|style="text-align:center"|洪瑜暻
|style="text-align:center"|{{Birth date and age|1994|09|22}}
|-
|}

==Discography==
{{Main|A Pink discography}}

;Studio albums
* 2012 : ''[[Une Année]]''

;EPs
* 2011 : ''[[Seven Springs of A Pink]]''
* 2011 : ''[[Snow Pink]]''
* 2013 : ''[[Secret Garden (EP)|Secret Garden]]''
* 2014 : ''[[Pink Blossom]]''

==Filmography==

=== Variety Show ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:pink; color:white" align="center"|Year
!style="background:pink; color:white" align="center"|Channel
!style="background:pink; color:white" align="center"|Show
!style="background:pink; color:white" align="center"|Member(s)
!style="background:pink; color:white" align="center"|Role
!style="background:pink; color:white" align="center"|Note
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2011
| TrendE || Apink News || Apink || Regular Guest || Different artists serve as anchors and reporters for each episode
|-
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Idol Star Athletics Championships || Apink || Guest || Apink won silver for the 4x50m relay
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2011-2012
| TrendE || Apink News Season 2 || Apink || Regular Guest, Anchorwoman, Reporter ||
|-
| KBS || Birth Of A Family Season 1 || Apink || Regular Guest || Regular guest with [[Infinite (band)|Infinite]]
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|2012
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Exploration of Genders || [[Jung Eun-ji|Eunji]] || Regular Guest ||
|-
| TrendE || Apink News Season 3 || Apink || Regular Guest, Anchorwoman, Reporter ||
|-
| KBS2 || Sponge Zero || Naeun, Bomi, Namjoo || Guest ||
|-
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Idol Star Athletics-Swimming Championships || Apink || Guest || Bomi won gold for 50m hurdles
|-
| KBS2 || KBS Athletics Competition || [[Yoon Bomi|Bomi]] || Runner || Features [[B1A4]] [[Baro (singer)|Baro]], [[After School (band)|After School]] [[Nana (singer)|Nana]], [[Teen Top]] Niel, [[NS Yoon-G]]
|-
| 2012 || [[Q (TV network)|QTV Korea]] || 4Minute Travel Maker || Apink || Guest || Episodes 7,8
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;"|2013

| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Idol Star Athletics-Archery Championships || Apink || Guest || Apink won gold for 4x100m relay
|-
| MBC Every1 || KOICA Dream || [[Park Chorong|Chorong]] || Regular Guest ||
|-
| Y★Star || Gourmet Road || Eunji, Chorong, Bomi || Guest ||
|-
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Quiz to Change the World || Bomi, Eunji, Naeun || Guest; Eunji as MC ||
|-
| SBS || [[Running Man (TV series)|Running Man]] || Naeun, Eunji || Guest ||
|-
| [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] || 1 Night 2 Days || Apink || Guest ||
|-
| MBC || Real Man || Apink || Guest ||
|-
| YouTube || Apink Diary || Apink || Regular Guest ||
|-
| SBS || [[Running Man (TV series)|Running Man]] || Chorong, Bomi, Eunji || Guest ||
|-
| [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] ||[[You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook|Yoo Hee-yeol's Sketchbook]] || Apink || Guest
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2013-2014
| MBC Every1 || [[Weekly Idol]] || [[Yoon Bomi|Bomi]] || MC || Co-host along with [[BTOB]]'s Ilhoon
|-
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || [[We Got Married]] || [[Son Na-eun|Naeun]] || Regular Guest || with [[SHINee|SHINee's]] [[Taemin]] ([[Taeun|TaEun]] couple)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2014
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Idol Star Athletics Championships || Apink || Guest || Apink won gold for 4x100m relay
|-
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || [[Infinity Challenge]] || Apink || Guest ||
|}

===Movies===
* 2012 ''Marrying the Mafia 5: Return of the Family'' (Naeun)

===Television Dramas===
* 2011 MBC ''[[All My Love (TV series)|All My Love]]'' (Chorong)
* 2012 tvN ''[[Reply 1997]]'' (Eunji; Bomi and Chorong [cameo])
* 2012 SBS ''[[The Great Seer]]'' (Naeun)
* 2012 JTBC ''[[Childless Comfort]]'' (Naeun)
* 2012 SBS ''[[Salamander Guru and The Shadows]]'' (Naeun [cameo])
* 2013 SBS ''[[That Winter, The Wind Blows]]'' (Eunji)
* 2013 tvN ''[[Reply 1994]]'' (Eunji [cameo])

===Music video appearances===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="pink" align="center"
! Year
! Song title
! Artist
! Member(s)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010 || [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur7mtOA1ST4 Beautiful] || [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]] || Apink
|-
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTbC1UsBtek 숨 (Breath)] || [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]] || Naeun (Lead role)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 || [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDKjdBus4xs [[Shock (Beast song)|Shock]] (Japanese Version)] || [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]] || Chorong
|-
| [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLWEvtlCm84 니가 제일 좋아 (I Like You the Best)] || [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]] || Naeun (Lead role)
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2012 || [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmuHZa6DQOc [[Insane (BtoB song)|Insane]]] || [[BTOB (South Korean band)|BtoB]] || Chorong
|-
| 나를 사랑했던 사람아 (A Person I Used to Love) || [[Huh Gak]] || Naeun (Lead role)
|-
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFeXmBGWwSc 아프다 (It Hurts)] || [[Huh Gak]] || Naeun (Lead role)
|-
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjPHS6DOV_k Mayday] || Mario || Apink
|-
| rowspan="5w" | 2013 || [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tolcbm1L4eU 슬픈약속 (That's My Fault)] || [[Speed (South Korean band)|Speed]] || Naeun
|-
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7NeaTokyII It's Over] || [[Speed (South Korean band)|Speed]] || Naeun
|-
| "1440" || [[Huh Gak]] || Hayoung with [[Do Ji-han|Do JiHan]]
|-
| "KkongKkong / Frozen" || Shin Bora || Hayoung with [[B1A4]] [[CNU (singer)|CNU]]
|-
| "Marry Me" || K-Hunter|| Bomi
|}

==Endorsements==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Endorsement
! Members
! Note
|-
|rowspan="5"| 2011 || Cottiny || Apink|| Jewelry Brand <ref name="allkpop.com">http://www.allkpop.com/article/2011/04/a-pink-lands-two-top-tier-cf-deals-with-cottiny-and-ceylon-tea</ref>
|-
| Ceylon Tea || Apink|| Beverage Brand <ref name="allkpop.com"/>
|-
| Converse Korea || Apink|| Sportswear Brand <ref>http://en.korea.com/blog/enter/k-pop/a-pink-lands-an-endorsement-deal-with-%E2%80%98converse%E2%80%99/</ref>
|-
| LG U+Zone || Apink|| Mobile Network <ref>http://www.allkpop.com/article/2011/06/a-pink-models-for-lg-us-uzone</ref>
|-
| Skoolooks || Apink|| School Uniform and Apparel Brand (with [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]])
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2012 || [[Elsword]] || Apink|| Role Playing Game (RPG) <ref name="sports.khan.co.kr">'''(Korean)''' http://sports.khan.co.kr/news/sk_index.html?cat=view&art_id=201302111346503&sec_id=560201</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"| Sudden Attack || Apink|| Role Playing Game (RPG), Until 2013 <ref name="sports.khan.co.kr"/>
|-
| Skoolooks || Apink|| School Uniform and Apparel Brand (with [[Beast (South Korean band)|Beast]])
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2013 || [[Peripera]] || Naeun|| Cosmetic <ref name="sports.khan.co.kr"/>

|-
|Touch in SOL|| Chorong, Bomi, Eunji, Namjoo, Hayoung|| Cosmetic <ref>http://www.beautyhankook.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=13795</ref>
|-
|Fanta || Eunji|| Beverage [Other Apink member Cameo]
|-
| Skoolooks || Apink|| School Uniform and Apparel Brand (with [[B.A.P]])
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2014 || [[Peripera]] || Naeun|| Cosmetic
|-
|Touch in SOL|| Chorong, Bomi, Eunji, Namjoo, Hayoung|| Cosmetic
|-
| Skoolooks || Apink|| School Uniform and Apparel Brand (with [[B.A.P]])
|}

==Awards and nominations==

===[[Mnet Asian Music Awards]]===
{{awards table}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2011
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| Apink
| Best New Female Artist <ref>{{en icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/11/winners-from-the-2011-mnet-asian-music-awards |title=Winners from the 2011 MNET Asian Music Awards |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-11-29}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2013
| Next Generation Global Star
|{{Won}}
|}

===[[Golden Disk Awards]]===
{{awards table}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2012
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| Apink
| Best Newcomer Artist <ref>{{en icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2012/01/winners-from-the-26th-golden-disk-awards-part-1 |title=Winners from the 26th Golden Disk Awards Part 1 |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2012-01-11}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| 2014
| Popularity Award
|{{Nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| NoNoNo
| Digital Bonsang Award
|{{Won}}
|-
| Song Award
|{{Nominated}}
|}

===[[Seoul Music Award]]===
{{awards table}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2012
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| Apink
| New Artist Award <ref>{{en icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2012/01/winners-from-the-21st-seoul-music-awards |title=Winners from the 21st Seoul Music Awards |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2012-01-19}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2013
| Popularity Award
|{{Nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| Hush
| Bonsang Award
|{{Nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| 2014
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| Apink
| Popularity Award
|{{Nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| NoNoNo
| Bonsang Award
|{{Won}}
|-
|}

===[[Gaon Chart Awards]]===
{{awards table}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2012
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| Apink
| New Artist of The Year <ref>{{cite web |url=http://smtownengsub.wordpress.com/2012/02/22/list-winners-of-1st-gaon-chart-k-pop-awards-revealed/ |title=The 1st Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards winners revealed |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120520020401/http://smtownengsub.wordpress.com/2012/02/22/list-winners-of-1st-gaon-chart-k-pop-awards-revealed/ |archivedate=2012-05-20 |date=2012-02-22 |work=SMTOWN-B2ST-INFINITE SUBS}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2013
| Hot Trend Award
|{{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2014
| Hot Performance of the Year
|{{Won}}
|}

===Republic of Korean Cultural and Entertainment Awards===
{{awards table}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2011
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| Apink
| Idol Music Rookie Award
|{{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2012
| Outstanding Woman Singer
|{{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2013
| KPOP10 Singer Award
|{{Won}}
|}

===[[MTV Korea|MTV Best Of the Best]]===
{{awards table}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2011
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| Apink
| Hot Debut Star
|{{Nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"| 2012
| Best Video Female
|{{Won}}
|}

===Other awards===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Result
|-
| rowspan=1 align="center"|2011
| Bugs Music Awards<ref>{{ko icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/12/winners-from-2011-bugs-music-awards-revealed |title=Winners from ’2011 Bugs Music Awards’ revealed! |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2011-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{ko icon}}{{cite web |url=http://award.bugs.co.kr/2011 |title=2011 Bugs Music Awards |work=Bugs! |publisher=[[NEOWIZ]] Internet}}</ref>
| Best Rookie
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=1| 2012
|7th Asia Model Festival Awards<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allkpop.com/2012/01/kara-b2st-and-more-win-at-7th-annual-asia-model-awards |title=KARA, B2ST, and more win at 7th annual ‘Asia Model Awards’ |work=[[allkpop]] |date=2012-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{ko icon}}{{cite web |url=http://tvdaily.mk.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1326911826261119003 |title=[TD영상] '아시아스타상' 카라, '네명의 초미니 여신들' 제7회 2012 아시아모델상 시상식 |date=2012-01-19 |work=TV Daily}}</ref>
| New Star Award
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=2 align="center"|2014
| 1st Military Chart Award
| Best Girl Group
| {{Won}}
|-
| 20th Korea Entertainment Arts Awards
| Netizen Award
| {{Won}}
|}

===Others Members Awards===
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: small;"
|-style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! '''Year'''
! '''Award'''
! '''Category'''
! '''Work'''
! '''Result'''
! '''Member'''
! '''Ref.'''
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|'''2012'''
| 5th Korea Drama Awards
| Best Couple (with [[Seo In-guk]])
| ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/winners-5th-korea-drama-awards-083541850.html |title=Winners At The 5th Korea Drama Awards |work=Manila Bulletin |publisher=[[Yahoo!]] date=October 5, 2012 |accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 5th Style Icon Awards
| Top 10 Style Icons (with [[Seo In-guk]])
| ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref>{{cite web|title=A Pink's Jung Eun Ji expresses thoughts on winning Style Icon|url=http://omg.yahoo.com/news/a-pink-s-jung-eun-ji-expresses-thoughts-052600046.html|date= October 29, 2012 |accessdate=December 22, 2013|work=Korea Star Daily |publisher=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref>
|-
| 14th [[Mnet Asian Music Awards]]
| Best OST (with [[Seo In-guk]])
| "All For You" ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaureview.com/news/hello-asia-14th-mnet-asian-music-awards-winners-convention-and-exhibition-centre-hong-kong-30-11-12 |title=HELLO ASIA! NEWS! 14TH MNET ASIAN MUSIC AWARDS - WINNERS, CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTRE, HONG KONG (30.11.12) |publisher=Heath Media & the AU review |date=December 3, 2012 |accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|1st K-Drama Star Awards
| Best OST (with [[Seo In-guk]])
| "All For You" ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref name="All For You Win">{{cite news |url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2012/12/k-drama-star-awards-winners-kim-hyung-jun-shares-his-feelings-on-winning#axzz2oACvb6kA |title='K-Drama Star Awards' winners + Kim Hyung Jun shares his feelings on winning |work=[[allkpop]] |publisher=6Theory Media, LLC |date=December 9, 2012 |accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| Best Couple (with [[Seo In-guk]])
| ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref name="All For You Win" />
|-
| Rising Star Award
| ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref name="All For You Win" />
|-
| 4th [[Melon Music Awards]]
| Best OST (with [[Seo In-guk]])
| "All For You" ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{Won}}
| Eunji
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2012/12/winners-from-the-2012-melon-music-awards#axzz2oACvb6kA |title=Winners from the '2012 MelOn Music Awards'! |work=[[allkpop]] |publisher=6Theory Media, LLC |date=December 14, 2012 |accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|'''2013'''
| 2nd Gaon Chart Awards
| Songs of the Year (Digital Awards [September]) (with [[Seo In-guk]] )
| "All for You" ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/02/winners-from-the-2nd-gaon-chart-k-pop-awards#axzz2oACvb6kA |title=Winners from the '2nd Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards' |work=[[allkpop]] |publisher=6Theory Media, LLC |date=February 13, 2013 |accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 49th [[Baeksang Arts Awards]]
| Best New TV Actress
| ''[[Reply 1997]]''
| {{Won}}
| Eunji
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Winners from the '2nd Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards' |url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/05/winners-of-the-49th-baeksang-arts-awards#axzz2oACvb6kA |work=[[allkpop]] |publisher=6Theory Media, LLC |date=May 10, 2013 |accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=1|2013 APAN Star Awards
| Best Performance
| [[That Winter, The Wind Blows]]
| {{won}}
| Eunji
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://beatuscorner.com/2013-apan-star-awards-winners-list-2/ |title=2013 APAN Star Awards – Winners List |publisher=Beatus Corner |work=Beatuscorner |date=November 16, 2013 |accessdate=December 23, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| MBC Entertainment Awards
| Star Of The Year
| [[We Got Married]]
| {{won}}
| Naeun
|<ref>http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/12/dad-where-are-you-going-wins-the-daesang-at-the-2013-mbc-entertainment-awards-other-winners#axzz2pHwSaD8O</ref>
|-
| SBS Drama Awards
| Best New Actress
| ''[[That Winter, The Wind Blows]]''
| {{won}}
| Eunji
|<ref>http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/12/winners-from-the-2013-sbs-drama-awards#axzz2p3MIDRqe</ref>
|}

===Music Programs ===
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: small;"
|-style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year !! Date !! Channel !! Show !! Song !! Place
|-
| 2012 || Jan. 5 || [[Mnet (TV channel)|Mnet]] || [[M! Countdown]] ||My My || 1st
|-
|rowspan=2 align="center"|2013
|Jul. 17 || [[:ko:MBC 뮤직|MBC Music]] || [[Show Champion]] ||NoNoNo || 1st (Champion Song)
|-
|Jul. 19 || [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] || [[Music Bank]] || NoNoNo || 1st
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://a-cube.co.kr/apink}}
* {{facebook|Official.Apink2011}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw&ach}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Miss A]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Mnet Asian Music Awards|13th Mnet Asian Music Awards]] - Best New Female Group|years=2011}}
{{s-aft|after=N/A}}
{{end}}

{{A Pink}}
{{Cube Entertainment}}

[[Category:A Pink| ]]
[[Category:K-pop music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2011]]
[[Category:South Korean dance music groups]]
[[Category:South Korean girl groups]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in South Korea]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]

Bread, Love and Dreams (TV series)

2014-03-19T19:33:37Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox television
| show_name = King of Baking, Kim Takgu
| image = [[File:King of Baking, Kim Takgu-poster.jpg|230px]]
| caption = Promotional poster for ''King of Baking, Kim Takgu''
| show_name_2 = Bread, Love and Dreams
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Slice of life story]] [[Melodrama]]
| format = Television drama
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = [[Kang Eun-kyung]]
| director = Lee Jung-sub
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Yoon Shi-yoon]] [[Eugene (entertainer)|Eugene]] [[Joo Won]] [[Lee Young-ah]]
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = [[South Korea]]
| language = [[Korean language|Korean]]
| num_episodes = 30
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| editor =
| location = [[South Korea]]
| cinematography =
| camera =
| runtime = 60 minutes Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 ([[Korea Standard Time|KST]])
| company =
| distributor =
| channel = [[Korean Broadcasting System]]
| picture_format =
| audio_format =
| first_aired = {{start date|2010|06|09|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2010|09|16|df=y}}
| preceded_by = ''[[Cinderella's Sister]]''
| followed_by = ''[[The Fugitive: Plan B]]''
| related =
| website = http://www.kbs.co.kr/drama/takku/
| website_title = ''King of Baking, Kim Takgu'' official KBS website
| production_website =
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
| title = [[Korean name]]
| hangul = 제빵왕 김탁구
| hanja = 製빵王金卓求
| rr = Jeppangwang Gim Takgu
| mr = Cheppangwang Kim T'akku
}}
{{Contains Korean text}}

'''''King of Baking, Kim Takgu''''' ({{ko-hhrm|제빵왕 김탁구|製빵王金卓求|Jeppangwang Gim Takgu}}, also known as '''''Bread, Love and Dreams''''' or spelled as '''Takgoo'''), is a 2010 South Korean drama television, starring [[Yoon Shi-yoon]], [[Eugene (entertainer)|Eugene]], [[Joo Won]] and [[Lee Young-ah]]. It tells the story of how a determined young [[baker]] overcomes many trials towards his goal of becoming the best baker in [[Korea]]. This story takes place in the 1970s to 1990s, starting after his conception and finishing when he reaches his mid-20s. It aired on [[Korean Broadcasting System]] ([[KBS2]]) from June 9 to September 16, 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 30 episodes. The series is considered the breakout role of lead actor [[Yoon Si Yoon]] catapulting him to immense popularity as well as receiving much praise for his sincere acting.<ref>http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/12/31/2010123100340.html</ref><ref>http://www.hancinema.net/writer-kang-eun-kyeong--yoon-si-yoon-is-miraculous-actor--25149.html</ref>

The series was one of the most watched shows in South Korea in 2010, with a final episode viewership rating of 50.8% becoming the 25th highest rated drama of all time.<ref>http://belectricground.com/2010/12/08/highest-rated-dramas-of-all-time/</ref>

==Plot==
Kim Takgu is the eldest son of Gu Il Jong, the chairman of Geosung Foods Enterprise, and Kim Misun, his mistress. The Chairman’s wife, Insok, is furious with her husband and shuns Takgu. When his mother is kidnapped, Takgu runs away from home and spends the next 12 years looking for her.
In his journey, he enters a baking school owned by Pal Bong who is a legend in the baking industry. Coincidentally, he was also Takgu's father's teacher.
In said school, Takgu also finds Jo Jingu, the man who kidnapped his mother. Jo Jingu tells Takgu that she accidentally fell of a cliff.
Takgu decides to stay at the bakery and learn the art of making bread, like his father did before him. Majun, Takgu’s half-brother, is also at the school, hoping to learn about baking to win his father’s approval and take over the family business. He lives under an assumed name and never reveals his true identity. Majun still nurses a hatred for Takgu from their childhood.
It is later revealed that Takgu’s mom is not dead and that she is looking for him. The Chairman, who also spent the past 14 years looking for Takgu, eventually finds out that he is at the bakery and is furious at Majun for not telling him. The Chairman wants Takgu, his eldest son, to take over the family business instead of Majun. Rejected, Majun plots to steal Takgu’s childhood friend, Shin Yukyeong, and embarrass his family in the process. Takgu eventually finds his mother, but Insok and her lover (and the Chairman’s assistant), Han, plot to rob Takgu of his inheritance to let Majun take the Chairman’s position. When the Chairman finds out, Han attempted to murder Takgu, but Takgu is saved by Jo Jingu. Meanwhile, Majun’s plan to embarrass his family works, but it doesn’t give him the satisfaction he expects. He reaches a truce with Takgu and the two agree to let their older sister, Gu Jakyung, run the company. The show ends with Takgu continuing to work at the bakery with his girlfriend, Yang Misun, while Majun decides to travel around the world with his new bride, Shin Yukyeong. Manager Han is imprisoned and the Chairman is happy that at last, his loved ones found happiness.

==Cast==



===Main characters===
* '''[[Yoon Si Yoon]] (윤시윤) as Kim Takgu'''
:* [[Oh Jae Moo]] (오재무) as Kim Takgu (child)
* '''[[Eugene (entertainer)|Eugene]] (유진) as Shin Yoo Kyung'''
:* [[Jo Jung Eun]] (조정은) as Shin Yoo Kyung (child)

===Gu family===
* [[Jun Kwang-ryul]] (전광렬) as Gu Il Jong
* [[Jeon In-hwa]] (전인화) as Seo Insuk
* '''[[Joo Won]] (주원) as Gu Majun'''
:*[[Shin Dong-woo (actor)|Shin Dong-woo]] (신동우) as Gu Majun (child)
* [[Choi Ja-hye]] (최자혜) as Gu Jakyung
:* [[Ha Seung-ri]] (하승리) as Gu Jakyung (teen)
:* [[Kang Ye-seo]] (강예서) as Gu Jakyung (child)
* [[Choi Yoon-young]] (최윤영) as Gu Jarim
:* [[Kim So-hyun]] (김소현) as Gu Jarim (child)

===Yang family===
* '''[[Lee Young Ah]] (이영아) as Yang Misun'''
* [[Jang Hang Sun]] (장항선) as Pal Bong (Misun's grandfather)
* [[Park Sang Myun]] (박상면) as Yang Inmok (Misun's father)
* [[Hwang Mi Sun]] (황미선) as Oh Youngja (Misun's mother)

===Others Cast===

* [[Jung Sung Mo]] (정성모) as Han Seung Jae
* [[Park Sung Woong]] (박성웅) as Jo Jingu
* [[Lee Han Wie]] (이한위) as Heo Gapsoo
* [[Jeon Mi-seon]] (전미선) as Kim Misun
* [[Jung Hye Sun]] (정혜선) as Madam Hong
* [[Kwon Yong Woon]] (권용운) as Shin Bae (Yoo Kyung's father)
* [[Park Yong Jin]] (박용진) as Go Jaebok
* [[Kang Chul Sung]] (강철성)

==Reception==

The show was well received in South Korea, receiving a record viewer rating of 50.8%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=110850&code=Ne2&category=2|title=Top 10 Most Popular Searches of 2010|work=Arirang News|date=29 December 2010|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> Audiences were attached to the show because of its underdog vs. society theme.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chung|first=Jin-hong|url=http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2926265|title=The lesson of the happiest bread|work=Joongang Daily|date=24 September 2010|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> [[Naver]] listed it as the most searched for item in South Korea of 2010.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Chang-sup|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2010/12/137_78124.html|title=What Korea is searched in 2010|work=Korea Times|date=16 December 2010|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref>

On December 20, 2010, the series received presidential honors in a ceremony that thanked cultural content producers for their achievements.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2930001|title=Drama ‘Kim Tak-goo’ receives presidential honors|work=Joongang Daily|date=23 December 2010|accessdate=17 January 20113}}</ref> In its 2010 Republic of Korea Content Award ceremony, the state-run Korea Creative Content Agency named the year’s winner as a part of a ceremony which is given to those who contribute to the overseas boom of Korean pop culture.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="3"|Episode #
!rowspan="3"|Original broadcast date
!colspan="4"| Average audience share
|-
!colspan="2"|TNmS Ratings<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnms.tv/rating/default.asp|title=TNMS Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu|work=TNMS Ratings|accessdate=2012-10-31|language=Korean}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|AGB Nielsen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agbnielsen.co.kr/index.asp?ref=0|title=AGB Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu|work=AGB Nielsen Media Research|accessdate=2012-10-31|language=Korean}}</ref>
|-
!width=100|Nationwide
!width=100|[[Seoul National Capital Area]]
!width=100|Nationwide
!width=100|[[Seoul National Capital Area]]
|-
!1
| 9 June 2010
|'''15.7% (6th)'''
|'''16.3% (6th)'''
|'''14.2% (6th)'''
|'''13.8% (7th)'''
|-
!2
| 10 June 2010
|16.9% (5th)
|18.4% (1st)
|14.4% (6th)
|14.5% (7th)
|-
!3
| 16 June 2010
|28.5% (1st)
|29.1% (1st)
|26.4% (1st)
|28.3% (1st)
|-
!4
| 17 June 2010
|25.3% (2nd)
|26.4% (2nd)
|24.2% (2nd)
|26.3% (2nd)
|-
!5
| 23 June 2010
|28.5% (2nd)
|28.6% (2nd)
|27.1% (2nd)
|28.4% (2nd)
|-
!6
| 24 June 2010
|32.2% (1st)
|32.5% (1st)
|31.1% (1st)
|31.8% (1st)
|-
!7
| 30 June 2010
|33.4% (1st)
|33.6% (1st)
|31.0% (1st)
|32.2% (1st)
|-
!8
| 1 July 2010
|35.8% (1st)
|35.9% (1st)
|31.6% (1st)
|30.8% (1st)
|-
!9
| 7 July 2010
|38.1% (1st)
|38.6% (1st)
|33.4% (1st)
|34.7% (1st)
|-
!10
| 8 July 2010
|34.5% (1st)
|34.9% (1st)
|33.0% (1st)
|33.8% (1st)
|-
!11
| 14 July 2010
|35.9% (1st)
|35.2% (1st)
|34.1% (1st)
|34.0% (1st)
|-
!12
| 15 July 2010
|36.9% (1st)
|36.1% (1st)
|35.3% (1st)
|35.2% (1st)
|-
!13
| 21 July 2010
|38.5% (1st)
|37.7% (1st)
|37.3% (1st)
|37.0% (1st)
|-
!14
| 22 July 2010
|38.4% (1st)
|36.5% (1st)
|37.9% (1st)
|38.2% (1st)
|-
!15
| 28 July 2010
|39.7% (1st)
|39.2% (1st)
|36.6% (1st)
|35.7% (1st)
|-
!16
| 29 July 2010
|39.9% (1st)
|38.6% (1st)
|37.9% (1st)
|38.1% (1st)
|-
!17
| 4 August 2010
|42.5% (1st)
|42.3% (1st)
|39.5% (1st)
|39.8% (1st)
|-
!18
| 5 August 2010
|44.4% (1st)
|44.0% (1st)
|40.5% (1st)
|40.2% (1st)
|-
!19
| 11 August 2010
|44.9% (1st)
|44.0% (1st)
|42.3% (1st)
|42.4% (1st)
|-
!20
| 12 August 2010
|44.6% (1st)
|43.8% (1st)
|42.6% (1st)
|43.9% (1st)
|-
!21
| 18 August 2010
|44.0% (1st)
|42.6% (1st)
|41.9% (1st)
|42.4% (1st)
|-
!22
| 19 August 2010
|43.7% (1st)
|42.9% (1st)
|42.3% (1st)
|41.9% (1st)
|-
!23
| 25 August 2010
|44.1% (1st)
|44.1% (1st)
|43.6% (1st)
|44.6% (1st)
|-
!24
| 26 August 2010
|44.7% (1st)
|44.2% (1st)
|41.9% (1st)
|41.9% (1st)
|-
!25
| 1 September 2010
|45.8% (1st)
|44.9% (1st)
|44.0% (1st)
|44.4% (1st)
|-
!26
| 2 September 2010
|48.4% (1st)
|47.2% (1st)
|45.0% (1st)
|46.1% (1st)
|-
!27
| 8 September 2010
|47.5% (1st)
|47.0% (1st)
|43.3% (1st)
|43.2% (1st)
|-
!28
| 9 September 2010
|48.2% (1st)
|46.4% (1st)
|44.7% (1st)
|44.5% (1st)
|-
!29
| 15 September 2010
|46.5% (1st)
|45.5% (1st)
|45.3% (1st)
|44.2% (1st)
|-
!30
| 16 September 2010
|'''50.8% (1st)
|'''49.7% (1st)
|'''49.3% (1st)
|'''48.3% (1st)
|-
! colspan=2 | Average || 38.6% || 32.2% || 36.4% || 36.7%
|}

==International broadcast==
On September 2nd 2010 it was announced that the rights to broadcast the series had been sold to China, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam and Cambodia.<ref>http://www.hancinema.net/bread-love-and-dreams-set-to-rise-in-asians-hearts--24929.html
</ref> In Japan the series began airing on July 14th 2011 on [[Fuji TV]]. Lead actor Yoon Shi-yoon also flew to Japan on July 22nd to participate in several promotional events for the dramas release.<ref>http://www.soompi.com/2011/07/20/yoon-si-yoon-travels-to-japan-to-participate-in-drama-promotions-and-helps-the-earthquake-recovery</ref> The show is available online in the United States on [[Hulu]].<ref>http://www.hulu.com/#!baker-king-kim-tak-goo</ref>

==Remake==
It will remade by TV5 (Philippines) as Baker King
<ref>http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/13303/warner-bros-reveals-tv5-is-the-first-station-in-the-world-allowed-to-remake-pretty-little-liars</ref>

==Awards==
* 2010 3rd Korean Drama Awards: Male Rookie of the Year([[Yoon Shi-yoon]])
* 2010 3rd Korean Drama Awards: PD Opera Direction Award (Lee Jung-sub)
* 2010 3rd Korean Drama Awards: Soap Opera Writer Award ([[Kang Eun-kyung]])
* 2010 47th [[Baeksang Art Awards]]: Director Award (Lee Jung Sub)
* 2010 Korean Drama Awards: Best New Actor ([[Yoon Shi-yoon]])
* 2010 18th Korean Culture and Entertainment Awards: Popularity Award,Actor ([[Yoon Shi-yoon]])
* 2010 [[KBS Drama Awards]]: Top Excellent Award mini series, Actress (Jun In Hwa)
* 2010 [[KBS Drama Awards]]: Excellent Award mini series, Actor ([[Yoon Shi-yoon]])
* 2010 [[KBS Drama Awards]]: Excellent Award mini series, Actress ([[Eugene]])
* 2010 [[KBS Drama Awards]]: Writer Award ([[Kang Eun-kyung]])
* 2010 [[KBS Drama Awards]]: Young Actor Award (Oh Jae Mo)
* 2010 [[KBS Drama Awards]]: Best Couple Award ([[Yoon Shi-yoon]] and [[Lee Young Ah]])

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kbs.co.kr/drama/takku/ ''King of Baking, Kim Takgu'' official KBS website] {{ko icon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:King Of Baking, Kim Takgu}}
[[Category:Korean Broadcasting System television dramas]]
[[Category:2010 in South Korean television]]
[[Category:2010 South Korean television series debuts]]
[[Category:2010 South Korean television series endings]]
[[Category:2010s South Korean television series]]
[[Category:Korean-language television programming]]
[[Category:Fictional bakers]]
[[Category:Programs acquired by Televen]]
[[Category:Programs acquired by GMA Network]]

Danger: Diabolik

2014-03-19T07:32:50Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox film
| name = Danger: Diabolik
| image = Diabolik-poster.jpg
| image_size =
| Border =
| Alt =
| Caption = Italian film poster for ''Danger: Diabolik''
| Director = [[Mario Bava]]
| Producer = [[Dino De Laurentiis]]
| Writer = {{plainlist|
*[[Dino Maiuri]]
*Mario Bava}}
| Screenplay =
| Story =
| Based on = 
| Narrator =
| Starring = {{plainlist|
*[[John Phillip Law]]
*[[Marisa Mell]]
*[[Michel Piccoli]]
*[[Terry-Thomas]]}}
| Music = [[Ennio Morricone]]
| Cinematography = [[Antonio Rinaldi (cinematographer)|Antonio Rinaldi]]
| Editing = [[Romana Fortini]]
| Studio = {{plainlist|*Dino De Laurentiis Cinematografica
* Marianne Productions}}
| Distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| Released = {{Film date|1968|01|24|Italy}}
| Runtime = 105 minutes
| Country = {{plainlist|*Italy
| Budget = ITL 400,000
| Box office = ITL 400,000

*France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/31269|work=BFI Film & TV Database|accessdate=December 19, 2012|work=BFI Film & TV Database|location=London|title=Diabolik}}</ref>}}
| language = Italian<ref name="release">{{cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/31269?view=release|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|work=BFI Film & TV Database|accessdate=December 19, 2012|location=London|title=Release}}</ref>
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Danger: Diabolik''''' ({{lang-it|Diabolik}}) is a 1968 Italian-French [[action film]] directed by [[Mario Bava]] based on the Italian comic character [[Diabolik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/danger-diabolik-v12142|work=[[Allmovie]]|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|accessdate=December 19, 2012|author=Bush, John|title=Danger: Diabolik (1968)}}</ref> The film is about a criminal named Diabolik ([[John Phillip Law]]) who plans large scale heists for his girlfriend Eva ([[Marisa Mell]]). Diabolik is trailed in pursuit from Inspector Ginco ([[Michel Piccoli]]) who blackmails the gangster Ralph Valmont ([[Adolfo Celi]]) into catching Diabolik for him.

== Plot ==
After an armored car leaves the bank with ten-million dollars, it is attacked on route by Diabolik ([[John Phillip Law]]) who manages to steal the money and escape with his partner Eva Kant ([[Marisa Mell]]). Leaving the money in their underground hideout, Diabolik and Eva attend a press conference held by the Minister of the Interior which they disrupt by releasing laughing gas. Due to the high level of crime, the death penalty is brought back. The police cannot find Diabolik but gang leader Valmont ([[Adolfo Celi]]) suffers at their hands because of a clampdown due to Diabolik's actions. Realising things can only get worse because of Diabolik's crime spree, Valmont contacts Inspector Ginco (Michel Piccoli) and makes a bargain to catch Diabolik alive for the police. In his hideout, Diabolik decides to steal the famous Aksand emerald necklace for Eva's birthday from the Saint Just Castle. Valmont builds up an identikit picture of Eva and circulates it as a means of capturing Diabolik. Diabolik scales the walls of Saint Just Castle where he finds the police are waiting, Diabolik manages to steal the necklace by fooling the police officers with mirrors on the road and dummy decoys of himself.

Valmont has made further plans to lure Diabolik out of hiding by having one of his henchmen kidnap Eva. To rescue her, Diabolik boards Valmont's airplane, along with the ten million dollars and emerald necklace as a trade for Eva. Diabolik is ejected from the plane but manages to grab Valmont just after his plane explodes from a bomb that Diabolik had placed earlier. Diabolik manages to rescue Eva as the police close in on them. Eva makes her escape as Diabolik kills Valmont, is trapped and takes a golden capsule. The police find Diabolik and proclaim him dead. Later while the police are holding a conference on the death of Diabolik, he is about to be autopsied when he returns to life. Diabolik reveals that he has faked his death through a technique taught to him by Tibetan lamas. However, If he does not get the antidote within 12 hours, he will die.

Posing as a nurse, Eva wheels Diabolik past groups of people where Diabolik sneaks into a morgue where Valmont's body has been cremated. Diabolik collects the 11 emeralds from Valmont's ashes and escapes. The police find out that Diabolik is not dead and offer a million dollar reward for Diabolik. Diabolik reacts by blowing up tax offices. Without tax revenue, the country is in debt and sells off some gold to buy currency. The 20 tons of gold is melted into one solid block to make it difficult to steal. Diabolik and Eva divert the train by leaving a burning truck on the tracks having it re-route to a bridge track where a bomb is placed. After being triggered when the train arrives, the gold falls into the water below where Diabolik and Eva collect it to return it to their hideout.

The steel casket containing the gold had been irradiated, which allows the police to trace it. They close in on Diabolik who is melting the gold, to put it into ingots. Being shot at by the police, Diabolik is unable to control the heating of the gold which leads to Diabolik and the cavern being covered in molten gold. Again, Diabolik is believed to be dead, with his heat-proof suit now covered in hardened gold. The police seal off the place to later recover it. Eva is allowed to pay her respects to the dead Diabolik, who winks at her.

==Cast==
* [[John Phillip Law]] - [[Diabolik]]
* [[Marisa Mell]] - [[Eva Kant]]
* [[Michel Piccoli]] - Inspector Ginko
* [[Adolfo Celi]] - Ralph Valmont
* [[Claudio Gora]] - Police Chief
* [[Mario Donen]] - Sergeant Danek
* [[Terry-Thomas]] - Minister of Interior, then Minister of Finance
* [[Renzo Palmer]] - Minister's Assistant
* [[Caterina Boratto]] - Lady Clark
* [[Lucia Modugno]] - Prostitute
* [[Annie Gorassini]] - Rose
* [[Carlo Croccolo]] - Lorry Driver
* [[Lidia Biondi]] - Policewoman (as Lidia Biondi C.S.C.)
* [[Andrea Bosic]] - Bank Manager
* [[Federico Boido]] - Valmont's Henchman
* [[Tiberio Mitri]] - Valmont's Henchman
* [[Francesco Mulè]] - Man in morgue

==Production==

{{Empty section|date=February 2013}}

==Releases==
''Danger: Diabolik'' was released in Italy on January 24, 1968.<ref name="release" /> It premiered in Paris in April 1968 under the title ''Danger Diabolik''.<ref name="AFI">American Film Institute, 1997. p. 225</ref> The film opened in New York on December 1968.<ref name="AFI" /> ''Diabolik'' was featured on the television series ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'' on August 8, 1999 and was the last show in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/mystery-science-theater-3000-1999/episode-12-season-10/danger-diabolik/203329|work=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=December 21, 2012|title=Episode Detail: Danger: Diabolik - Mystery Science Theater 3000}}</ref><ref>Rees, 2013. p.39</ref>

=== Home media ===
''Danger: Diabolik'' was released on [[DVD]] by [[Paramount Pictures]] on June 14, 2005.<ref name="allmovie-dvd">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/danger-diabolik-v12142/releases|work=Allmovie|publisher=Rovi Corporation|title=Danger: Diabolik (1968)}}</ref> The DVD includes an audio commentary with John Phillip Law and Mario Bava biographer Tim Lucas as well as the music video for "[[Body Movin']]" by the hip-hop group the [[Beastie Boys]].<ref name="allmovie-dvd" />

==Reception==
The ''[[New York Times]]'' gave a brief negative review of ''Danger: Diabolik'' referring to the film as "infantile junk".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9403E0DA1730E034BC4A52DFB4678383679EDE|work=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=December 19, 2012|title='Bliss of Mrs. Blossom':Story of Menage a Trois in London Is at Local Houses With 'Danger: Diabolik'|date=December 12, 1968|author=Thompson, Howard}}</ref> Film critic [[Roger Ebert]] gave the film a two and a half star rating out of four, stating that he felt it was better than the other Dino De Laurentiis production ''[[Barbarella (film)|Barbarella]]'', but that it was "long and eventually loses track of Itself".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19681204/REVIEWS/812040301/1023|title=Danger: Diabolik|accessdate=December 19, 2012|author=Ebert, Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=December 4, 1968}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

===References===
* {{cite book |title=The American Film Institute Catalog: Feature Films, 1961-1970, Part 2 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=s1k1RsGvFwwC |accessdate= |year=1997 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |location= |isbn=0520209702}}
* {{cite book |editor=Reiss, Shelley R. |title=Reading Mystery Science Theater 3000: Critical Approaches |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=T3YlZNMalRsC |accessdate=June 14, 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |location= |isbn=0810891417}}

==See also==
* [[List of films based on comics]]

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|0062861}}
* {{AllRovi movie|12142}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|danger_diabolik}}
* {{tcmdb title|72175}}

=== Mystery Science Theater 3000 ===

* {{IMDb title|0655410|title="Mystery Science Theater 3000" Diabolik (TV episode 1999)}}
* [http://www.mst3kinfo.com/?p=6395 MST3K "Diabolik" episode guide]

{{Mario Bava}}

[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:Italian films]] 
[[Category:French films]] 
[[Category:Italian-language films]]
[[Category:Italian action films]] 
[[Category:French action films]] 
[[Category:Superhero films]] 
[[Category:Heist films]] 
[[Category:Films based on comics]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mario Bava]]
[[Category:Films featured in Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes]]
[[Category:Film scores by Ennio Morricone]]

Sumang LRT station

2014-03-18T12:34:54Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox station
| name=''' PW6'''  Sumang LRT Station 苏芒轻轨列车站 ஸுமாங் Stesen LRT Sumang
| type=[[Light rail]]
| image=
| image_size=
| image_caption=
| address=31 Punggol Way Singapore 828863
| coordinates={{Coord|1.408057|103.898527|type:railwaystation_region:SG|format=dms}}
| line={{rail color box|system=SLRT|line=Punggol}}
| other=Bus, Taxi
| structure=Elevated
| platform=Island
| depth=
| levels=3
| tracks=2
| parking=
| bicycle=
| baggage_check=
| passengers=
| pass_year=
| pass_percent=
| pass_system=
| opened=''Mid-2014''
| closed=
| rebuilt=
| electrified=
| ADA=Yes
| code=PW6
| operator=[[SBS Transit]] ([[ComfortDelGro Corporation]])
| owned=
| zone=
| former=
| services={{S-rail|title=SLRT}}{{S-line|system=SLRT|line=Punggol|branch=West|previous=Nibong|next=Soo Teck}}
| mpassengers=
| map_locator=
}}

'''Sumang LRT Station (PW6)''' is an LRT station on the [[Punggol LRT Line]] West Loop in [[Singapore]]. It is not open for service as there is little development around the area.

==Etymology==
The name is derived from a famous [[Malays in Singapore|Malay]] warrior, Wak Sumang, who founded Punggol village.

==Station layout==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=3 valign=top|'''L3'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;"|Platform 2
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;"|{{SLRT lines|Punggol}}: Route A: West Loop Outer towards [[Punggol MRT/LRT Station|''' PTC'''  Punggol]] via [[Nibong LRT Station|Nibong]] (→) 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Island platform]], not in service
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Platform 1
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|{{SLRT lines|Punggol}}: Route B: West Loop Inner towards [[Punggol MRT/LRT Station|''' PTC'''  Punggol]] via [[Soo Teck LRT Station|Soo Teck]] (←) 
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top| Concourse
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=525 valign=top|Faregates, Ticketing Machines
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=525 valign=top|
|}

[[File:Entrance A to Sumang LRT Station.jpg|thumb|right|Entrance A to Sumang LRT station. The background shows that there is no development has been done.]]

{{Singapore LRT stations}}
{{Punggol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sumang Lrt Station}}
[[Category:Punggol]]
[[Category:Light Rail Transit (Singapore) stations]]

{{Singapore-LRT-stub}}

Emma Woodhouse

2014-03-15T01:25:23Z

220.255.2.26:

'''Emma Woodhouse''' is the 20-year old protagonist of [[Jane Austen]]'s novel ''[[Emma]]''. She is described in the novel's opening sentence as "handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and a happy disposition." Jane Austen, while writing the novel, called Emma "a heroine whom no-one but myself will much like."<ref>[http://www.janeaustensoci.freeuk.com/pages/novels_em.htm ''Emma''] at the Jane Austen Society of the United Kingdom</ref> Emma is the richest of Austen's heroines.

Emma is an independently wealthy woman who lives with her aging father in the English countryside near the village of Highbury. The novel concerns her attempts to be a matchmaker among her acquaintances and her own romantic misadventures.

Although Emma professes that she does not ever wish to marry (as she has no financial need to, having a large inheritance) she finds herself falling in love with her friend [[George Knightley]].

==Personality==

Emma often behaves in a frivolous or selfish way, and shows a lack of consideration for her friends and neighbours. She carelessly manipulates the life of her friend Harriet Smith, neglects her acquaintance Jane Fairfax, and insults the poor and dependent Miss Bates. However, her friends, especially Mrs Weston and George Knightley, see potential in her to improve herself and become a good person.

==Relationships==

'''[[George Knightley]]''' is Emma's friend, brother-in-law, and ultimately her love interest. At 37, he is significantly older than she and Emma looks up to him. He often gives her advice and guidance, particularly since Emma's mother is deceased and her father is disengaged. Mr Knightley has a strong moral compass and frequently teases or scolds Emma for her more frivolous pursuits, such as matchmaking. He also disagrees and argues with Emma on occasion, notably on Emma's interference with Harriet Smith and Robert Martin's relationship.

Due to his attachment to Emma, Mr Knightley has disliked Frank Churchill (unconsciously labeling him as competition) even before he met Frank, and remains doubtful of him even when everyone else indulges the younger man. It is also his jealousy of Frank that causes Mr Knightley to acknowledge his romantic feelings for Emma. Although he is mostly rational, he can also act more impulsively at the cause of Emma, such as making a sudden visit to London and returning in an equally unexpected manner to propose to her. Emma, too, gradually realizes her feelings for him due to her jealousy first of Jane Fairfax and later of Harriet Smith.

'''Harriet Smith''' is a low-born and poor pupil at the local boarding school, on whom Emma takes notice after she loses the companionship of Mrs Weston. Despite Harriet's humble origins, Emma admires her sweetness, good nature, and pleasant looks. Emma decides to take Harriet under her wing and help her find a good husband. However, Emma's pride prevents her from seeing a good match for Harriet in the person of Robert Martin, a respected farmer and the initial and ultimate romantic interest of Harriet. Instead, Emma encourages Harriet to foster affections for Mr Elton, the village [[vicar]], which ends disastrously. However, naive Harriet does not blame Emma for her mortification, and the two remain friends.

Meanwhile, unbeknownst to Emma, Harriet develops a crush on Mr Knightley after he asks her to dance when Mr Elton has refused to. Emma, on the other hand, believes that Harriet holds a secret regard for Frank, says that she should not give up hope because there have been many other happy though unequal matches. When Emma discovers the truth, she is both appalled and dismayed, which leads to her revelation that she has been in love with Knightley all along. Mrs. Elton's relationship to Jane Fairfax parodies Emma's relationship to Harriet.

'''Mr Woodhouse''', Emma's father, is a [[hypochondriac]] and is so paranoid about his own and others' health that he is nearly helpless. He is against eating cake, going outside, attending parties, and getting married, among other things, on the grounds that these might damage the health. As a result, Emma takes on the role of caretaker for him, as he is incapable of exerting parental influence or even taking care of himself. Mr Woodhouse is fond of and attached to his daughters, who are likewise affectionate toward him. With Isabella married, Emma took it upon herself to remain at Hartfield and take care of her father. Emma's consideration towards her father is one of her redeeming attributes.

'''Mrs Weston''', formerly Miss Taylor, was Emma's governess before she married Mr Weston. She and Emma love each other and are close friends. She serves as a mother figure for Emma and often gives her advice. Emma admires Mrs Weston as wise and virtuous, and looks up to her. When Mrs Weston marries, Emma becomes lonely and therefore seeks the companionship of Harriet Smith, a friendship which Mrs Weston approves of although Mr Knightley does not. Mrs Weston initially wished for a match between Emma and Frank Churchill and saw a potential attachment between George Knightley and Jane Fairfax, but ends up surprised by but delighted with the ultimate outcome.

'''Jane Fairfax''', orphaned at a young age, is Miss Bates' niece. She is a beautiful, accomplished young woman, who represents everything that Emma should be. Jane is the ideal companion for Emma. However Emma neglects her due to jealousy, yet claims it is because Jane is 'cold'. Unbeknown to Emma, Jane is secretly engaged to Frank, and therefore Emma's flirtation with Frank causes Jane great pain.

==Notable portrayals==
*[[Doran Godwin]] in the [[Emma (1972 TV serial)|1972 TV serial]]
*[[Alicia Silverstone]] as Cher Horowitz in the 1995 film ''[[Clueless (film)|Clueless]]''
*[[Gwyneth Paltrow]] in the [[Emma (1996 theatrical film)|1996 film]]
*[[Kate Beckinsale]] in the [[Emma (1996 TV film)|1996 British film]]
*[[Romola Garai]] in the [[Emma (2009 TV serial)|2009 BBC TV serial]]
*[[Sonam Kapoor]] as Aisha Kapoor in the 2010 film ''[[Aisha (film)|Aisha]]
*[[Joanna Sotomura]] in the [[YouTube]] [[web series]] [[Emma Approved]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Emma}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodhause, Emma}}
[[Category:Jane Austen characters]]
[[Category:Fictional socialites]]
[[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1815]]

Ciyuan

2014-03-14T19:24:09Z

220.255.2.26: /* References */

{{more footnotes|date=October 2013}}

{{ChineseText}}
{{Chinese
|collapse=no
|title=Ciyuan
|t={{linktext|辭源}}
|s={{linktext|辞源}}
|p=Cíyuán
|w=Tz'u-yüan
|l=source of words
|y=Chi4yun4
|hangul={{linktext|사원}}
|rr=Sa-won
|mr=Sawŏn
|kanji={{linktext|辞源}}
|hiragana=じげん
|revhep=Jigen
}}

The '''Ciyuan''' or '''Tz'u-yüan''' is the earliest modern [[Chinese encyclopedia|encyclopedic]] Chinese [[Chinese dictionary|phrase dictionary]]. The [[Commercial Press]] published the first edition ''Ciyuan'' in 1915, and reissued it in various formats, including a 1931 supplement, and a fully revised 1979-1984 edition.

==Contents and significance==
In [[Chinese dictionary#Terminology|terms]] of Chinese lexicography, the ''Ciyuan'' is a ''cidian'' ({{linktext|辭典}} "word/phrase dictionary") for spoken expressions, as opposed to a ''zidian'' ({{linktext|字典}}, lit. "character/logograph dictionary") for written [[Chinese character]]s.

The title word ''ciyuan'' 辭源 – which combines ''ci'' 辭 "take leave; decline; diction; phrase; word" and ''yuan'' 源 "source; cause; origin" – is an old variant for ''ciyuan'' 詞源 "word origin; etymology", usually written with ''ci'' 詞 "word; term; speech".

The ''Ciyuan'' has been popular with Chinese intellectuals. For example (Reed 2011:3), during the [[Chinese Civil War]], [[Mao Zedong]] carried two modern dictionaries, the ''Ciyuan'' and the ''Cihai''.

The lexicographer [[Reinhard Hartmann]] (2003:16) predicts that the revised ''Ciyuan'' "should remain a basic research tool for all students of China's pre-modern literature and history for many years to come."

==History==
The ''Ciyuan'', which is first major Chinese dictionary of the 20th century, has been republished and revised repeatedly.

===First edition===
Chinese lexicographers began compiling the first edition ''Ciyuan'' in 1908, with Lu Erkui (陸爾奎, 1862-1935) as [[editor-in-chief]]. They chiefly derived material from the 1710 ''[[Kangxi Dictionary]]'' and 1798 ''Jingji cuangu'' (經籍簒詁) dictionary of characters used in the [[Chinese classics]]. In 1915, Commercial Press, a major Chinese publishing house, issued the original ''Ciyuan'' in two volumes, totaling 3,087 pages, available in large, medium, and small sizes (Teng & Biggerstaff 1971:132).

It contained approximately 100,000 entries (Hartmann 2003:165), with [[dictionary order]] by individual character [[headword|head entries]] arranged by [[Collation#Radical-and-stroke sorting|radical and stroke]], using the traditional [[List of Kangxi radicals|214 Kangxi radicals]]. Phrase and compound entries are grouped under their first character, arranged firstly according to their number of characters, and secondly according to their radicals.

The ''Ciyuan'' included not only Chinese characters and phrases, but also ''[[chengyu]]'' idioms, classical references, and encyclopedic terms, such as Chinese and foreign personal and place names, book titles, and modern scientific terms.
Its preface explained the lexicographical need for the ''Ciyuan''.
<blockquote>In recent years new terms and new affairs have flooded into China. People from less-informed backgrounds find it hard to understand what "new learning" is about because of terms that are incomprehensible. Those who had classical knowledge often ended up giving up on new learning. On the other hand, those who went to study abroad did not understand what had already existed in their homeland when they returned. We therefore published this dictionary to indicate the history of and changes in the meanings of words, in the hopes of bridging that gap. (tr. Yue 2006:52) </blockquote>
Each entry was followed by its pronunciation (with ''[[fanqie]]'' spelling, a common [[homophone]], and modern [[Rhyme#Chinese|Chinese rhyme]]), meanings, and often with illustrative quotations from the Chinese classics. However, as [[Têng Ssu-yü]] and Knight Biggerstaff (1971:132) say, the first edition ''Ciyuan'' "is far from exhaustive, and most of its illustrative quotations were taken from secondary sources without being checked."

===Supplement===
In 1931, Commercial Press published the ''Ciyuan xubian'' (辭源續編 "Source of words continuation/sequel"), compiled by Fang Yi (方毅, 1916-1997) and others, in two volumes, totaling 1,702 pages (Teng & Biggerstaff 1971:132). This supplementary dictionary comprises terms accidentally omitted from the 1915 edition, and new terms coined after it. Fang Yi's preface explained the reason for publishing an extended edition of the ''Ciyuan'' in 1931, "Within more than a decade and following progressive developments in the world and changes within the political scene, it is natural that in science many new words have emerged" (tr. Tsou 1990:357). The ''Xubian'' also cites sources of quotations in more detail than the core ''Ciyuan'' dictionary.

The 1939 ''Ciyuan Zhengxu heding ben'' (辭源正續合訂本) was a new extended edition, combined into one volume (Yang 1985:275). The 1931 ''Ciyuan'' had 65,555 entries and the 1939 edition has 88,074, nearly a 35% net increase in words (Tsou 1990:358).

In 1969, Commercial Press in Taiwan published a one volume edition, with a [[Four-Corner Method]] index (Yang 1985:277).

===Revised edition===
Plans for a second edition ''Ciyuan'' began after a 1958 conference about revising the ''Ciyuan'' and ''[[Cihai]]'' dictionaries. Hartmann (2003:16) says, "It was decided to maintain ''Ciyuan'' 's emphasis on literary, historical and classical terms and to revise and augment it as a reference work for researchers and students of pre-modern Chinese."

In 1964, a ''weidinggao'' (未定稿 "draft manuscript") ''Ciyuan'' was completed, but the [[anti-intellectualism]] of the [[Cultural Revolution]] (1966-1976) halted compilation. Work resumed in 1976 as a cooperative effort between the Commercial Press and language scholars in the provinces of [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], [[Hunan]], and [[Henan]]. The revised Volumes 1 through 4 were published in 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1984, respectively. The revised edition ''Ciyuan'' contains 12,980 head characters, under which are 84,134 definitions of phrases, totaling 11.3 million characters (Huang 1993:241). Volume 4 has a pinyin index attached.

Content of the new ''Ciyuan'' focuses on classical terms and encyclopedic items relating to [[Chinese literature]] and [[History of China|history]] up to 1840, the time of the [[First Opium War]] (Wilkinson 2000:78). The editors deleted technical terms from natural and social sciences, and international words that been appended into the original edition ''Ciyuan'' during 60 years of revisions and updates. They also added a number of important terms; for example (Hartmann 2003:16), "under the character "wei" ([委] "entrust; committee"), the original edition had 49 compounds, while the revised edition deletes 12 of these but adds 29 more." Since citations in the first edition ''Ciyuan'' were sometimes unclear as to sources, the editors of the revised edition rechecked every citation, corrected errors, and added references for authors and chapter numbers.

In 1988, Commercial Press published a reduced-size, single volume edition ''Ciyuan''.

==References==
*Hartmann, R. R. K. (2003), ''Lexicography: Reference Works across Time, Space, and Languages'', Taylor & Francis.
*Huang Wenxing 黄文兴, et al. (1993), ''Cishu leidian'' 辞书类典, Zhongguo guangbo dianshi chubanshe. {{zh icon}}
*Reed, Christopher A. (2011), ''Gutenberg in Shanghai: Chinese Print Capitalism, 1876-1937'', UBC Press.
*Teng, Ssu-yü and Biggerstaff, Knight (1971), ''An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works'', 3rd ed., Harvard University Press.
*Tsou, Benjamin K. (1990), "Towards a Comparative Study of Diachronic and Synchronic Lexical Variation in Chinese", in ''Mapping Meanings: The Field of New Learning in Late Qing China'', ed. by Michael Lackner and Natascha Vittinghoff, Brill, 355-380.
*Wilkinson, Endymion (2000), ''Chinese History: a manual'', revised and enlarged ed., Harvard University Asia Center.
*Yang, Paul Fu-mien (1985), ''Chinese Lexicology and Lexicography: A Selected and Classified Bibliography'', Chinese University Press.
*Yue, Meng (2006), ''Shanghai And the Edges of Empires'', University of Minnesota Press.
{{Dictionaries of Chinese}}
[[Category:Chinese dictionaries]]
[[Category:Lexicography]]
[[Category:Sinology]]

Kochadaiiyaan

2014-03-10T02:16:49Z

220.255.2.26:

{{About|the upcoming Indian film|the emperor during the 8th century|Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kochadaiiyaan
| image = Kochadaiiyaan.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Soundarya Rajinikanth|Soundarya R. Ashwin]]
| producer = Sunil Lulla
| writer = [[K. S. Ravikumar]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Rajinikanth]]|[[R. Sarathkumar]]|[[Aadhi (actor)|Aadhi]]|[[Deepika Padukone]]|[[Shobana]]|[[Rukmini Vijayakumar]]|[[Jackie Shroff]]|[[Nassar]]}}
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Rajiv Menon]]
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Nikhil Raghavan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3900893.ece |title=Arts / Cinema : Making the cut and how! |publisher=The Hindu |date=2012-09-15 |accessdate=2013-12-26}}</ref>
| studio = {{ubl|[[Eros International]]|Media One Global Entertainment}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|04|11}}
| runtime = 120 minutes<ref name=rlength>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kochadaiiyaan-is-here/article5104084.ece|title=Kochadaiiyaan is here!|publisher=The Hindu |author=Sudhish Kamath|accessdate=8 September 2013}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INRConvert|125|c}}<ref name="APRIL 2013"/>
| gross =
}}

'''''Kochadaiiyaan''''' ({{lang-ta|கோச்சடையான்}}; [[Translation]]: ''The king with a long, curly [[mane (lion)|mane]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Kollywood-filmmakers-opt-for-classical-words-for-film-titles/articleshow/22230095.cms |title=Kollywood filmmakers opt for classical words for film titles|publisher=The Times of India|date=2013-09-03 |accessdate=2013-09-09}}</ref>) is an upcoming [[3D film|3D]] [[motion capture]] [[computer animation|computer-animated]] [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] [[historical fiction|period]] film directed by [[Soundarya Rajinikanth|Soundarya R. Ashwin]] and written by [[K. S. Ravikumar]]. The film will feature [[Rajinikanth]] enacting and voicing three lead roles, whilst [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Aadhi (actor)|Aadhi]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Shobana]], [[Rukmini Vijayakumar]], [[Jackie Shroff]], and [[Nassar]] enact and voice supporting characters. The film, which was shot with animation techniques and some portions using [[motion capture]] in [[3D film|3D]], has cinematography handled by [[Rajiv Menon]] whilst background score and soundtrack is composed by [[A. R. Rahman]].

Shooting for the film was completed by the end of February 2013 while post-production work took place in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[China]].<ref name="Reldate" /><ref name=rlength/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/82667.html |title='Kochadaiyaan' post-production in 3 countries |work=IndiaGlitz |date=5 June 2012|accessdate=5 June 2012}}</ref> The film is set to release worldwide on 11 April 2014, dubbed in regional languages [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (as ''Vikramasimha''), [[Bhojpuri]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]. The film will also have a dubbed [[English language|English]] version [[Film release|release]] at the international screens.<ref name ="7lang">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/bollywood/Rajnikanth-Deepika-starrer-Kochadaiiyaan-to-release-in-seven-languages/videoshow/30993679.cms |title=Rajnikanth, Deepika starrer 'Kochadaiiyaan' to release in seven languages|work=Times of India |date=2014-02-26|accessdate=2014-02-26}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Kochadaiiyaan and Rana
* [[Deepika Padukone]] as Princess Vadhana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/deepika-padukone-to-attend-kochadaiyaan-music-launch-493102|title=Deepika Padukone to attend Kochadaiyaan music launch|work=NDTV Movies |date=2014-03-08|accessdate=2014-03-08}}</ref>
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Sengodagan
* [[Shobana]]
* [[Aadhi (actor)|Aadhi]] as Veera Mahendra
* [[Rukmini Vijayakumar]]
* [[Jackie Shroff]] as Raja Mahendra
* [[Nassar]]

==Production==

===Development===
[[File:Rajinikanth & K. S. Ravikumar & Kochadaiiyaan Team.jpg|left|thumb|[[Rajinikanth]] with [[K. S. Ravikumar]] and two of the Kochadaiiyaan directorial team members.]]
[[Rajinikanth]]'s next film, after [[Shankar (director)|Shankar]]'s ''[[Enthiran]]'' (2010), was supposed to be ''[[Rana (film)|Rana]]'', a historical drama film to be directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]] and dually-produced by [[Soundarya Rajinikanth|Soundarya R. Ashwin]]'s Ocher Picture Productions and [[Eros Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Bharti Dubey |agency=TNN|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-29/news-interviews/28378236_1_rajinikanth-film-muthu-and-padayappa |title=Rana, a triple delight for Rajini fans |work=The Times of India |date= 29 January 2011|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref> However, Rajinikanth became ill and was treated for dehydration and exhaustion at a hospital, resulting in postponement of ''Rana'''s filming.<ref name="hospi">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_rajinikanth-admitted-to-hospital_1537595 |title=Rajinikanth admitted to hospital |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date= 29 April 2011|accessdate=9 March 2014}}</ref> On 23 November 2011, for her maiden directorial project, Soundarya tweeted through her Twitter account, notifying followers to watch out for an official announcement.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://twitter.com/#!/sound_a_rajini/status/139310102569160704|title=Soundarya Rajinikanth in Twitter|publisher=[[Soundarya Rajinikanth]] via Twitter|date=23 November 2011|accessdate=17 December 2011|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> The following day, she announced that her father's next film would be titled ''Kochadaiyaan'' and that she was "[grateful and] excited to be directing [her] father".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://twitter.com/#!/sound_a_rajini/status/139640802233155584|title=Soundarya Rajinikanth in Twitter|publisher=[[Soundarya Rajinikanth]] via Twitter|date=23 November 2011|accessdate=17 December 2011|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> A tentatively scheduled release period of August 2012 was also announced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rajinikanths-new-film-kochadaiyaan-news-tamil-llyqFCjciec.html |title=Rajinikanth’s new film Kochadaiyaan ! |publisher=SifyMovies |date=24 November 2011 |accessdate=24 November 2011}}</ref> The film was finalised to be a co-production of [[Eros Entertainment]] and Media One Global.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajinikanths-next-film-kochadaiyaan/205457-8-68.html |title=Rajinikanth's next film 'Kochadaiyaan' |publisher=IBN Live |date=24 November 2011 |accessdate=24 November 2011}}</ref> Soundarya further stated that [[K. S. Ravikumar]] had worked with her father and herself on the script of the film.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://twitter.com/#!/sound_a_rajini/status/140707370698407937|title=Soundarya Rajinikanth in Twitter|publisher=Soundarya via Twitter|date=27 November 2011|accessdate=17 December 2011|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> With regards to the film's title, Ravikumar claimed that it drew reference to an alternate name of [[Hindu]] deity [[Shiva]], while also being partly inspired by the name of the [[Pandya Dynasty]] king [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]], and that the plot would be a fictional account with small references to Indian history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-01/news-interviews/30459184_1_animation-film-bollywood-anushka |title=Bollywood girl for Rajinikanth! |work=The Times Of India |date=2 May 2011 |accessdate=3 December 2011}}</ref> The director clarified that ''Kochadaiiyaan'' was not related to the same-titled history series being published by the Tamil magazine ''[[Kumudam]]''.<ref>{{Twitter status|sound_a_rajini|147281349567447040|The storyline published in magazine is nothing to do with the film storyline|Soundarya Rajinikanth|15 December 2011| 16 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-28/news-interviews/31249340_1_soundarya-rajinikanth-gossips-warrior |title=Kochadaiyaan has nothing to do with Ranadheeran|publisher=The Times of India|date=28 March 2012 |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> In May 2012, Soundarya announced that ''Kochadaiiyaan'' is a prequel to ''Rana''.<ref name="prequel">{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article249771.ece |title='Kochadaiyaan' is a prequel to 'Rana': Soundarya |publisher=The New Indian Express |date= |accessdate=2013-09-17}}</ref>

===Casting===
For the female lead role, [[Anushka Shetty]] was initially approached,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anushka-in-rajinikanth-s-kochadaiyaan-news-tamil-ll1siXieajg.html |title=Anushka in Rajinikanth's Kochadaiyaan |publisher=Sify Movies |date=27 November 2011 |accessdate=27 November 2011}}</ref> but sources confirmed later that she was not part of the film.<ref name="film_kickoff" /> It was then rumoured that [[Asin Thottumkal]] and [[Vidya Balan]] were being considered for the role, since producers preferred a [[Bollywood]] actress.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/news/2011/vidya-balan-asin-kochadaiyaan-rajinikanth-091211.html |title=Actress Vidya Balan | Asin | Rajinikanth | Kochadaiyaan |publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] |date=9 December 2011 |accessdate=9 December 2011}}</ref> [[Soundarya Rajinikanth|Soundarya R. Ashwin]] approached Bollywood actress [[Katrina Kaif]] in January 2012,<ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif to romance Rajinikanth|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-10/news-interviews/30610912_1_rajinikanth-katrina-kaif-yash-raj-films|accessdate=10 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 January 2012}}</ref> who was not able to give her dates and the team reapproached Balan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shankar |url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/specials/2012/01/01-11-vidhyabalan-kochadayan-aid0136.html |title=Vidya Balan in Kochadaiiyan? | கோச்சடையானில் வித்யா பாலன்? |publisher=Tamil.oneindia.in |date=1 January 2012 |accessdate=12 January 2012}}</ref> Despite reports that Kaif was finalised,<ref name="indiaglitz1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/77137.html |title=Sarath, Nasser in 'Kochadaiyaan'|publisher=IndiaGlitz |accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> [[Deepika Padukone]], who was slated to pair with Rajinikanth in ''[[Rana (film)|Rana]]'', took up the offer in February 2012, marking her debut in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kochadaiyaan: Deepika Padukone to star opposite Rajinikanth|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/deepika-to-play-the-lead-in-rajinis-kochadaiyaan/228046-62-128.html|accessdate=7 February 2012|newspaper=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=7 February 2012}}</ref> Padukone was paid a salary of {{INRConvert|3|c}} for shooting only for two days in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-gets-3-cr-for-2-day-shoot-in-Rajnis-film/articleshow/22508894.cms |title=Deepika gets 3 cr for 2 day shoot in Rajni’s film?|publisher=The Times of India|date=1970-01-01 |accessdate=2013-09-13}}</ref> According to Soundarya, she was "quite relieved to not be wearing make-up for a film for the first time in her career."<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/deepika-padukone-films-rajinikanth-s-kochadaiiyaan-for-two-days-only_143262.html Deepika Padukone shoots Rajinikanth’s `Kochadaiiyaan` for two days only!]</ref> Although reports of November 2012 suggested that lead actress Deepika Padukone would dub her own voice for the Tamil version,<ref>{{cite news|author=V Lakshmi, |agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-03/news-interviews/34876765_1_deepika-padukone-dub-kollywood-debut |title=Deepika to dub for Kochadaiyaan?|publisher=The Times of India|date=2012-11-03 |accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref> it was later announced that she would dub only for the Hindi version as the makers of the film felt that the film's "chaste Tamil" would be a "tad difficult for her".<ref name="deepika dub">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-03/news-interviews/39713873_1_deepika-padukone-hindi-version-tamil |title=Deepika to dub only in Hindi for Kochadaiiyan|publisher=The Times of India|date=2013-06-03 |accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref> [[Savitha Reddy]] dubbed the voice for Padukone in the Tamil version.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukones-Tamil-is-bokwaas/articleshow/23800496.cms Deepika Padukone’s Tamil is ‘bokwaas’? - Times Of India]</ref> In January 2014, it was revealed that dubbing artiste Mona Ghosh Shetty had dubbed Padukone's voice for the Hindi version, allegedly because the actress "just did not have the time for dubbing". Shetty had earlier dubbed for Padukone in ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' (2007).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Why-is-Deepikas-Hindi-in-Kochadaiiyaan-dubbed/articleshow/28313572.cms?|title=Why is Deepika's Hindi in Kochadaiiyaan dubbed?|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=2014-01-03 |accessdate=2014-06-09}}</ref>

The film began to increase its casting profile after [[Cinema of Kerala|Malayalam]] actor [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]] was rumoured to have been signed to play an important role in the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/prithviraj-in-rajni-s-kochadaiyaan-news-malayalam-lmruhwigiae.html|title=Prithviraj in Rajni's Kochadaiyaan?|publisher=[[Sify]]|accessdate=18 December 2011}}</ref> The rumour was falsified following the inclusion of [[Aadhi (actor)|Aadhi]], who was known for his lead-role performances in ''[[Mirugam]]'' (2007) and ''[[Eeram]]'' (2009), in the cast; when he confirmed his presence in the project, he remarked that working with Rajinikanth was "a realisation of a dream that he has had since childhood".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/jan-12-02/rajini-aadhi-14-01-12-03.html |title=Happening Hero Joins Rajini Film |publisher=Behindwoods |date=14 January 2012 |accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] was reported to be finalised for a supporting role,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/dec-11-01/sneha-kochadaiyaan-01-12-11.html |title=Sneha In Rajini's Film |publisher=Behindwoods |date=1 December 2011 |accessdate=3 December 2011}}</ref> with the actress confirming her presence in the film in December 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-sneha/20111229.htm |title=Sneha: I am doing a film with Rajnikanth |publisher=[[Rediff.co]]m |date=29 December 2011 |accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> She, however, opted-out a couple months later citing conflicts in her schedule and [[Rukmini Vijayakumar]], who made her debut in the film ''[[Bommalattam]]'' (2008), was signed in her place.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/sneha-opts-out-rajinikanths-kochadaiyaan-861 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120212141003/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/sneha-opts-out-rajinikanths-kochadaiyaan-861 | archivedate=2012-02-12 | title=Sneha opts out of Rajinikanth's 'Kochadaiyaan' | date=11 February 2012 | accessdate=11 February 2012 | author=Anupama Subramanian | newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> [[R. Sarathkumar]] accepted Soundarya's offer for an important role in the film while veteran actor [[Nassar]] was recruited in the film as well for a supporting role.<ref name="indiaglitz1"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Sarath to co-star with Rajinikanth?|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/jan-12-02/sarath-kumar-rajinikanth-11-01-12.html|accessdate=11 January 2012|date=11 January 2012}}</ref>

Furthermore, [[Shobana]] and [[Lakshmi Manchu]] were said to be considered for a role in the film.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shankar |url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/news/2012/01/shobana-joins-with-rajini-kochadayan-aid0136.html |title=Shobana joins with Rajini in Kochadayan | கோச்சடையானில் ரஜினியுடன் ஷோபனா! |publisher=Oneindia Tamil |date=24 December 2011 |accessdate=23 January 2012}}</ref> Soundarya confirmed that the former was added to the cast saying that she was the "only choice for the role" as the character was written keeping her in mind.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-22/news-interviews/30652613_1_shobana-film-soundarya-rajinikanth |title=Shobana to work with Rajini again |work=The Times of India |date=25 December 2011 |accessdate=23 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/news/2012/shobana-rajinikanth-kochadaiyaan-230112.html |title=Actress Shobana | Superstar Rajinikanth | Kochadaiyaan |publisher=OneIndia |accessdate=23 January 2012}}</ref> Soundarya disclaimed the rumour that [[Aishwarya Rai]] was chosen to do a guest appearance in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/interview/2011/12/19-aishwarya-rai-play-with-rajini-kochadayan-aid0136.html|title=Aishwarya again with Rajinikanth |publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] |date=19 December 2011 |accessdate=20 December 2011}}</ref> Bollywood actor [[Jackie Shroff]], who was last seen in Tamil cinema in ''[[Aaranya Kaandam]]'' (2011), was also signed up for an antagonistic role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/77515.html |title=Jackie Shroff in 'Kochadaiyaan' |publisher=IndiaGlitz |date=3 February 2012 |accessdate=3 February 2012}}</ref> Shroff immediately gave his consent, when the cast and the technical scope of ''Kochadaiiyaan'' were revealed to him.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/i-immediately-gave-my-consent-for-kochadaiyaan-jackie-shroff-aaranya-kaandam-21-04-13.html | title=''I immediately gave my consent for Kochadaiyaan'' | publisher=Behindwoods | accessdate=2013-04-21}}</ref>

[[Peter Hein]] was chosen as the film's action choreographer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-11-05/kochadaiyaan-rajiinikanth-30-11-11.html |title=Another Announcement On Kochadaiyaan |publisher=Behindwoods |date=30 November 2011 |accessdate=3 December 2011}}</ref> while [[A. R. Rahman]] agreed to compose the film's background score and soundtrack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/dec-11-01/ar-rahman-rajini-01-12-11.html |title=Ar Rahman Does It For Rajini |publisher=Behindwoods |date=1 December 2011 |accessdate=3 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rahman to score for Rajni's Kochadaiyaan|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-07/news-interviews/30485468_1_ar-rahman-music-composer-superstar|accessdate=7 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 December 2011}}</ref>
[[Rajiv Menon]] was recruited as the film's cinematographer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/75272.html |title='Kochadaiyaan's heroine hunt |publisher=IndiaGlitz |date=9 December 2011 |accessdate=17 December 2011}}</ref> Soundarya invited art professionals to send their work as she was forming an art department for ''Kochadaiiyaan''.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://twitter.com/#!/sound_a_rajini/status/146881363725918208|title=Soundarya Rajinikanth in Twitter|publisher=[[Soundarya Rajinikanth]] via Twitter|date=14 December 2011|accessdate=17 December 2011|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> She handpicked 42 students from [[Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai]] for the task, besides 50 experienced persons from the Jacob College of Fine Arts. 60 concept artistes were already reportedly working for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kochadaiyaan-a-movie-with-special-art-effects/268696-71-180.html |title=Kochadaiyaan: A movie with special art effects |work=IBN Live |date=30 June 2012 |accessdate=1 July 2012}}</ref>

===Design===

[[National Award]] winning fashion designer [[Neeta Lulla]] has worked on the looks of each character, including the lead role portrayed by Rajinikanth. For Lulla, the project required a lot of research. Around 150 costumes per character were designed on paper and out of those, 25 costumes were selected and detailed. Lulla also created a range of 20 to 30 looks especially for Rajinikanth's armour suit as well as the supporting cast of ''Kochadaiiyaan''. According to her, "We created the looks not in fabric form but a detailed overview in sketch form. My creative team and I worked on for almost eight months on the various characterisations of Rajini sir and the other supporting cast. It was a different kind of design experience altogether"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1890115/report-neeta-lulla-designs-rajnikanth-s-look-for-kochadaiiyaan |title=Neeta Lulla designs Rajnikanth's look for Kochadaiiyaan |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=2013-04-08 |accessdate=2013-09-17}}</ref>

On Rajinikanth's looks, Soundarya quoted: "First, we (the team) scanned his face and made a 3D model to get the exact precision of his features, such as the scar on his nose. And then we corrected the 3D model by tightening his skin to make him look 25 years younger. They used that technology in the film ''[[Tron: Legacy|Tron]]''." The youthfulness of the look was compared to the looks that Rajinikanth carried in his film ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]''.<ref name=rlength/>

===Filming===
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:50em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" | "Animation is a word, a process. In India, people think animation is cartoon. ''Avatar'' was animation, but is not a cartoon. ''Tintin'' is completely cartoonistic. I am creating Rajinikanth, where he has actually performed, it's captured on a camera and then put into a 3D version. ''Avatar'' took seven years and so much budget and a [[James Cameron]]. There was always the insecurity of the unknown, but we have taken a road never taken in India and broken rules and have completed the film in just a year and a half."
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | — Soundarya, in an interview with ''[[The Times of India]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Ashwin-took-Rajnikanths-permission-to-propose-Soundarya/articleshow/22487545.cms | title=Rajinikanth is extremely persistent | publisher=The Times of India | accessdate=2013-09-13}}</ref>
|}
The film posters showed that the film will utilise [[motion capture|performance capturing]] technology, same as that used in films such as ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009) and ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' (2011), making ''Kochadaiiyaan'' the first Indian film to involve so.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/first-look-of-kochadaiyaan-superstar-rajini-sports-an-eight-pack-or-is-it-six-203936.html | title=First look of Kochadaiyaan: Superstar Rajini sports an eight pack (or is it six?) | work=[[Firstpost]] | date=5 February 2012 | accessdate=23 July 2013 | author=G Pramod Kumar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rajinikanth's 'Kochadaiyaan uses Avatar, Tintin technology'|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a374113/rajinikanths-kochadaiyaan-uses-avatar-tintin-technology.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=31 August 2012|author=Steven Baker|date=30 March 2012}}</ref> [[K. S. Ravikumar]], story writer of the film, announced that the filming would commence from 15 January 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/specials/2011/12/ks-ravikumar-directs-hindi-flick-before-rajini-rana-aid0136.html|title=Shooting starts on 15 th January 2012 onwards |publisher=Oneindia Tamil Portal |date=19 December 2011 |accessdate=20 December 2011}}</ref> The first schedule of indoor shooting started with Rajinikanth's base actions being filmed as per the motion capturing norms.<ref name="film_kickoff">{{cite web|url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/news/2011/12/21-anushka-in-rajini-s-kochadayan-aid0136.html|title=Kochadaiyaan kickoff|publisher=[[Oneindia.in]]|date=21 December 2011 |accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref>

The film was launched with a formal [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] on 19 January 2012 at the [[Ganesha]] temple located inside [[AVM Studios]] in [[Vadapalani]], [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Entertainment |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinema/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5757290 |title=Rajini's 'Kochadaiyan' from Jan 19 |publisher=MSN |date=16 January 2012 |accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> First-look posters of the film were released on 5 February 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://southcinemabuzz.blogspot.com/2012/02/superstar-rajinikanths-kochadaiyaan.html |title=Superstar Rajinikanth’s Kochadaiyaan movie First Look |publisher=South Cinema Buzz |accessdate=5 February 2012}}{{dead link|date=November 2013}}</ref> The first schedule of the film shooting began on in [[Chennai]] on 15 March 2012, post this, the team was off to [[London]] along with the lead actor Rajinikanth to continue the first schedule.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shankar |url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/shooting-spot/2012/03/rajinikanth-s-kochadaiyaan-crew-leave-japan-aid0136.html |title=Kochadaiyaan crew to leave for London on March 21! | கோச்சடையான் குழு மார்ச் 21-ல் லண்டன் பயணம்! |publisher=[[Oneindia.in]]|date=13 March 2013 |accessdate=18 March 2012}}</ref> In course of the schedule for 20 days in London shooting along with Soundarya and Ravikumar, Rajinikanth claimed the film may release on [[Diwali]] 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/79496.html |title=Rajini: 'Kochadaiyaan' might release on Diwali! |publisher=IndiaGlitz |date=31 August 2005 |accessdate=18 March 2012}}</ref> After completing the first schedule of the film in London, Rajinikanth returned to Chennai on 2 April 2012 and the next schedule of the film shooting was planned in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Shankar |url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/heroes/2012/04/rajini-returns-chennai-aid0136.html |title= Rajini returns to Chennai! | சென்னை திரும்பினார் ரஜினி! |publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> Soundarya roped in [[Saroj Khan]], [[Raju Sundaram]], Chinni Prakash and his wife, and Shobi to choreograph the songs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-11/news-interviews/31324338_1_soundarya-rajinikanth-shobana-first-film |title=Soundarya has top dance masters for Kochadaiyaan! |work=The Times of India |date=11 April 2012 |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> Rajinikanth's hairstyle in the film is said to be inspired from his earlier look in ''[[Thalapathi]]'' (1991).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-04/news-interviews/31286791_1_mani-ratnam-jackie-shroff-ar-rahman |title=Mani Ratnam inspired to make Kochadaiyaan! |work=The Times of India |date=4 April 2012 |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> Reports claimed that the film would feature late actors like [[Nagesh]], [[P. S. Veerappa]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[S. A. Ashokan]], and [[R. S. Manohar]] recreated through sophisticated animation techniques,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/mar-12-04/kochadaiyaan-soundarya-27-03-12.html |title=Are Veerappa And Mn Nambiar The New Villians For Rajini?|publisher=Behindwoods |date=27 March 2012 |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> although it was later revealed that only Nagesh was recreated for the film. According to Soundarya, "The biggest triumph for ''Kochadaiiyaan'' was bringing back late comedy actor Nagesh to the screen."<ref name=rlength/>

The second schedule of the film was shot in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] at [[Chitranjali studio]] and [[Vismayas Max]] studio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rajinikanth-in-mohanlal-s-studio-news-tamil-mevk6Ebcecc.html |title=Rajinikanth in Mohanlal's studio!|publisher=Sify |date=2012-04-21 |accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Shankar |url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/news/2012/04/rajinikanth-kochadaiyaan-team-moves-mohanlal-studio-aid0136.html |title=Rajini & team at Mohanlal's Vismayas studio! | மோகன்லாலின் விஸ்மாயா ஸ்டுடியோவில் ரஜினி & டீம்! |publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> The second schedule was completed on 30 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kollyinsider.com/2012/05/kochadaiyaan-2nd-schedule-completed.html |title=Kochadaiyaan 2nd schedule completed |publisher=Kollyinsider.com |date=2012-05-01 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref> A romantic number choreographed by [[Saroj Khan]] featuring the leading duo was filmed in early May 2012 as a part of second schedule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-09/news-interviews/31640974_1_rajinikanth-soundarya-deepika-padukone |title=Rajinikanth feels awkward romancing Deepika Padukone! |publisher=[[Times of India]]|date = 9 May 2012 | accessdate=10 May 2012}}</ref> It was said that the entire film shooting would be completed in the second schedule itself and the post-production work would begin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freezetamil.com/rajinikanth-in-mohanlals-studio/ |title=Rajinikanth in Mohanlal’s studio! |publisher=Freezetamil.com |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> However, the team was off with the lead actor to [[Hong Kong]] for the third schedule of the film on 12 May 2012 where some crucial scenes and combat scenes featuring the lead actor and the antagonist were shot at the State of the Arts Gallery studio.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shankar |url=http://tamil.oneindia.in/movies/shooting-spot/2012/05/rajini-fly-off-hong-kong-kochadaiyaan-shoot-153879.html |title=Third schedule of Kochadaiiyaan - Rajini leaves for Hong Kong! | கோச்சடையான் மூன்றாம் கட்டப் படப்பிடிப்பு - ஹாங்காங் பயணமானார் ரஜினி! |publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] |date=26 April 2012 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-17/news-interviews/31728678_1_bollywood-actor-jackie-shroff-rajinikanth-tamil-films |title=Jackie in Hong Kong for Rajinikanth |publisher=[[Times Of India]] |date=17 May 2012 |accessdate=19 May 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/82105.html |title=Rajini in Hong Kong |publisher= Indiaglitz |date=14 May 2012 |accessdate=19 May 2012}}</ref> Since the film was shot using performance capture technology, 48 cameras were used to shoot each and every scene. The 48 cameras captured performance of artistes' at 48 angles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kochadaiyaan-each-and-every-scene-shot-with-48-cameras/302295-71-180.html |title=Kochadaiyaan: Each and every scene shot with 48 cameras- Tamil News|publisher=CNN IBN |date=2012-10-26 |accessdate=2013-01-26}}</ref> ''Kochadaiiyaan'' was equipped with [[Auro 3D]] sound technology, becoming the fourth Indian film to do so, after ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'' (Tamil), ''[[1 (2014 film)|1- Nenokkadine]]'' (Telugu) and ''[[Swapaanam]]'' (Malayalam).<ref>{{cite web|title=After Viswaroopam it's Kochadaiyaan?|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-27/news-interviews/35386781_1_kochadaiyaan-soundarya-r-ashwin-director-soundarya-rajinikanth|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=21 December 2012|date=27 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barco.com/en/News/Post/2013/12/24/Mahesh-Babus-1-Nenokkadine-releasing-in-Auro-111-by-Barco |title=Mahesh Babu's 1 (Nenokkadine) releasing in Auro 11.1 by Barco|publisher=[[Barco (manufacturer)|Barco]] |date=2013-12-24 |accessdate=2014-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/indian-films-are-a-lie-filmmakers-are-liars-shaji-karun-1291493.html |title=Indian films are a lie, filmmakers are liars: Shaji Karun|publisher=[[First Post (India)|First Post]] |date=2013-12-17 |accessdate=2014-03-09}}</ref> As per reports, due to involvement of extensive graphics, four separate teams, including teams from [[Chennai]] and [[London]] were also working on the film.<ref name=aprrel>{{cite web|title=Kochadaiyaan getting ready for April release|url=http://www.kollyinsider.com/2013/01/kochadaiyaan-getting-ready-for-april.html|publisher=Kollyinsider|accessdate=26 January 2013}}</ref> On February 20, 2013 the director announced through Twitter that ''Kochadaiiyaan'' was in the process of being finalized.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kochadaiyaan is being locked...|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/kochadaiyaan-is-being-locked-rajinikanth-kochadaiyaan-20-02-13.html|publisher=Behindwoods|accessdate=28 February 2013}}</ref> On 28 February 2013 the final edited version of the film was viewed by the director, writer and the lead actor along with handful crew members.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kochadaiyaan finalised!!!|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/kochadaiyaan-finalised-rajinikanth-saundarya-r-ashwin-01-03-13.html|publisher=Behindwoods|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref>

In June 2013, Soundarya revealed that the film would feature a fight sequence "in the middle of the ocean", where Rajinikanth's character would be fighting [[dolphins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-27/news-interviews/40232576_1_fight-sequence-sharks-kochadaiiyan |title=It's dolphins, not sharks, that fight Rajini|publisher=The Times of India|date=2013-06-27 |accessdate=2013-07-28}}</ref> The [[dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] for the film's [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version ''Vikramasimha'' began on 25 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kochadaiyaan-is-vikramasimha-in-telugu-news-tamil-nizrLedfdhd.html |title='Kochadaiyaan' is 'Vikramasimha' in Telugu|publisher=Sify |date= |accessdate=2013-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-26/news-interviews/41453946_1_ideal-festival-bonanza-rukmini-vijayakumar-kochadaiyaan |title='Kochadaiyaan' is 'Vikramasimha' in Telugu|publisher=The Times of India|date= |accessdate=2013-08-28}}</ref> In an interview in February 2014, Soundarya revealed that Rajinikanth felt very awkward while shooting romantic shots with Padukone.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rajnikanth was uneasy doing Romantic Scenes with Deepika Padukone|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/rajnikanth-was-uneasy-doing-romantic-scenes-with-deepika-padukone/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Main article|Kochadaiiyaan (soundtrack)}}
The music <ref>[http://www.shaupdates.com/bollywood/news/rajinikanths-kochadaiiyaan-music-release/ Kochadaiiyaan Music Release]</ref>and background score of the film is composed by [[A. R. Rahman]]. The original version as well as the Telugu version of the soundtrack was released at the [[Royapettah]] venue of [[SPI Cinemas|Sathyam Cinemas]] in [[Chennai]] on 9 March 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/17063--kochadaiiyaan-audio-launch-set-for-march-9.html|title=‘Kochadaiiyaan’ Audio Launch Set for March 9|publisher=India West|accessdate=2014-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Big-B-to-grace-Kochadaiiyaan-audio-launch/articleshow/31093374.cms?|title= Big B to grace Kochadaiiyaan Audio Launch|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref>

The album topped [[iTunes]] in India within hours of its release.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/senthilbalajis/status/442475273410183168/photo/1|title=Kochadaiiyaan, the no.1 album on iTunes India|work=Twitter|accessdate=9 March 2014}}</ref> Meanwhile, "''Kochadaiiyaan''" became a top trending topic on [[Twitter]] and [[Facebook]] in India, making it a first for a Tamil film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/kochadaiiyaan-becomes-a-trend-setter-on-twitter-itunes/|title=Kochadaiiyaan becomes a trend setter on Twitter, iTunes|work=The Indian Express|author=Divya Goyal|accessdate=9 March 2014}}</ref>

==Marketing==
The first trailer of the film was all set to be screened at [[2013 Cannes Film Festival|66th annual Cannes Film Festival]] in mid-May 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rajinikanth-to-unveil-kochadaiyaan-at-cannes/1096472/|title=Rajinikanth to unveil 'Kochadaiyaan' at Cannes|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date = 2 April 2013|accessdate=2 April 2013}}</ref> however it was delayed due to Soundarya's dissatisfaction over the final cut of the trailer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/why-kochadaiyaan-trailer-didn-t-make-it-to-cannes-368762|title=Why Kochadaiyaan trailer didn't make it to Cannes|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date = 19 May 2013|accessdate=24 May 2013}}</ref> The first teaser trailer was released digitally on 9 September 2013, coinciding with [[Ganesh Chaturthi]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/504607/20130909/rajinikanth-kochadaiiyaan-teaser-video-3d-rana-kochadaiyaan.htm | title=Rajinikanth’s 'Kochadaiiyaan' Teaser Released | work=[[IB Times]] | date=9 September 2013 | accessdate=9 September 2013}}</ref> to mixed response; while fans of Rajinikanth were satisfied, others criticised it for its "poor visual effects".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Kochadaiiyaan-to-release-on-Rajinikanths-Bday-/2013/09/10/article1777297.ece|title='Kochadaiiyaan' to release on Rajinikanth's B'day ?|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref> It was also noted for its similarities to the teaser trailer of Soundarya's shelved animation venture ''Sultan the Warrior'', that was also supposed to feature Rajinikanth.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kambli |first=Chetan |url=http://www.bollywoodmantra.com/news/rajinikanths-kochadaiiyaan-similar-to-sultan-the-warrior/12623/ |title=Rajinikanth’s ‘Kochadaiiyaan’ similar to ‘Sultan The Warrior’? |publisher=Bollywoodmantra.com |date=2013-09-12 |accessdate=2013-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/is-rajinikanth-s-kochadaiiyaan-similar-to-his-sultan-the-warrior_142532.htm |title=Is Rajinikanth’s 'Kochadaiiyaan' similar to his 'Sultan the Warrior'? |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date= |accessdate=2013-09-17}}</ref> Nevertheless, it was viewed over 1 million times on a single day, establishing it as one of the most anticipated film teasers in the history of [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/rajinikanth-aka-rajnikanth-starrer-kochadaiyaan-aka-kochadaiyans-trailer-crosses-the-1-million-mark-in-a-day.html | title=Rajini shows how to do it double quick | publisher=Behindwoods | accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref> Soundarya also announced that a second trailer would be released, which would feature Padukone prominently,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/kochadaiyaan-trailer-watch-rajinikanth-in-a-brand-new-avatar_142407.htm |title='Kochadaiyaan' trailer: Watch Rajinikanth in a brand new avatar! |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date= |accessdate=2013-09-17}}</ref> and unlike the first trailer, it would have sound and dialogues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/506116/20130915/kochadaiiyaan-trailer-rajinikanth-soundarya-kochadaiyaan-teaser-deepikaa.htm |title='Kochadaiiyaan' Trailer Will Have Rajinikanth's Voice, Assures Soundarya |publisher=[[International Business Times]] |date= |accessdate=2013-09-17}}</ref> The trailer was released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] on 9 March, 2014, the same day of the audio launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/3D-invite-for-Kochadaiiyaan-audio-launch/articleshow/31320795.cms|title= 3D invite for Kochadaiiyaan audio launch|publisher=The Times of India|accessdate=2014-03-01}}</ref>

The film will have special screenings in [[Los Angeles]], [[London]] and [[India]]. In 2012, the producers struck a deal with [[Karbonn Mobiles]], an Indian telecommunication firm that will involve {{INRConvert|5|L}} ''Kochadaiiyaan'' merchandise with screen savers and images from the film along with the trailer, behind the scenes shots, signature tune of the film and lead actor's signature on back cover of phones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/rajini-starrer-kochadaiyaan-hit-screens-year-end-329 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120703124157/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/rajini-starrer-kochadaiyaan-hit-screens-year-end-329 |archivedate=2012-07-03 |title=Rajini-starrer 'Kochadaiyaan' to hit screens this year end |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date = 3 July 2012 | accessdate=3 July 2012}}</ref> However, delays in the film caused the clause to be modified. Sudhir Hasija, chairman of Karbonn, said, "We will roll out a million handsets by February-end or first week of March 2014 with a pre-loaded app for the movie. All the handsets will come with the signature of Rajinikanth. This is the first time any mobile handset maker is launching products with an augmented reality app." The promotional tactic is an extension of Eros' alliance with Karbonn, wherein the latter will make a million special-edition phones. Using augmented reality, producers of Eros International and Mediaone Global Entertainment have developed interactive Kochadaiiyaan hoardings in association with Karbonn Mobiles. Eros has deployed 500 interactive hoardings across India. People will have to stand in front of the hoarding and send an SMS to activate the hoarding. Karbonn stated that an estimate of 400 hoardings would be put up across the country, majority in southern states of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/rajinikanth-comes-to-life-from-kochadaiiyaan-hoardings-114021300018_1.html|title=Rajinikanth comes to life from Kochadaiiyaan hoardings|publisher=[[Business Standard]] |author=Urvi Malvania & Sounak Mitra|location=[[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]]|date = 2014-02-13| accessdate=2014-02-15}}</ref> Hoardings and banners of the film will be displayed at 3,650 [[Bharat Petroleum|Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd]] petrol outlets in [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Kochadaiiyaan-to-be-released-in-six-languages/articleshow/31327636.cms|title=
'Kochadaiiyaan' to be released in six languages|publisher=The Times of India | accessdate=2014-03-03}}</ref>

On 21 April 2013, Soundarya revealed a first fully 3D rendered picture, which shows Rajinikanth in two different avatars.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/rajinikanth-s-new-look-in-kochadaiyaan-revealed-356965 | title=Rajinikanth's new look in Kochadaiyaan revealed | work=Sam Daniel | date=21 April 2013 | agency=NDTV | accessdate=2013-04-21}}</ref> It was also announced that a "making-of-the-movie" video would be released, where a song featuring Rajinikanth's voice would be used.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-23/news-interviews/38762308_1_trailer-launch-soundarya-rajinikanth-film | title=Kochadaiiyan's making video to feature Superstar song! | publisher=Times of India | date=23 Apr 2013 | accessdate=2013-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/460278/20130423/rajinikanth-kochadaiyaan-making-video-photo.htm |title=Rajinikanth's Song to Feature in Making of 'Kochadaiyaan' Video |publisher=International Business Times |date= |accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=News |first=Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Kochadaiyaan-tunes-to-be-out-in-September/2013/07/26/article1702543.ece |title='Kochadaiyaan' tunes to be out in September |publisher=The New Indian Express |date= |accessdate=2013-07-28}}</ref>

==Release==
Initially, the film was set for a November 2012 release in India. In course of time, the release date was advanced to September 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/the-biggies-of-2012-are-arriving-news-tamil-mgcmabddfjd.html|title=The Biggies are coming!|publisher=Sify|date=2 June 2012|accessdate=2 June 2012}}</ref> In the last week of June 2012 the release date was reported to be unspecified as the makers were disagreeing to compromise on the quality of the multilingual film. Other reports claimed that the release date was pushed to avoid clash with other high budget cum multi-starrer [[Bollywood]] films releasing during the festive time of November 2012. The producer of the film confirmed the news of setting no official release date as he opined the need of perfection in every aspect of filming, production, post-production and promotion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/news/2012/rajinikanth-kochadaiyaan-not-diwali-release-096856.html|title=Rajinikanth's Kochadaiyaan not for Diwali|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment |date=26 June 2012|accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-26/news-interviews/32410168_1_diwali-ajay-devgn-release|title=Is Rajini coming on Diwali?|publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=26 June 2012|accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref> Later, reports stated that Soundarya Rajinikanth was planning to release the film on 12 December 2012, coinciding with Rajinikanth's birthday.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-04/news-interviews/32536311_1_rajinikanth-s-kochadaiyaan-dubbing-works-film| title=Rajinikanth's Kochadaiyaan release date confirmed!| date=4 July 2012}}</ref> However, it was postponed to January 2013 due to extensive post-production work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-16/news-interviews/34497875_1_kochadaiyaan-soundarya-r-ashwin-rajini |title=Rajinikanth’s Kochadaiyaan to be delayed?|publisher=The Times of India|date=2012-10-16 |accessdate=2013-01-26}}</ref> The reports of February 2013 strongly considered the film to release on the eve of [[Puthandu]] in April 2013.<ref name="APRIL 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/87958.html |title=Kochadaiyaan to release in March 12, 2013|publisher=IndiaGlitz |date=2012-11-05 |accessdate=2013-01-26}}</ref><ref name=aprrel/> Though on 3 March 2013, the makers of the film zeroed on 5 July 2013 as the release schedule,<ref name="Reldate">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-03/news-interviews/37390248_1_kochadaiyaan-rajinikanth-soundarya |title=Rajini’s Kochadaiyaan will release in July |publisher=IndiaGlitz |date=3 March 2013|accessdate=3 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kochadaiyaan: Rajinikanth is 'fit and fine', finally completes his film|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-02/news-interviews/37389766_1_kochadaiyaan-soundarya-rajini-sir|accessdate=2 March 2013|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> later reports suggested that the film would be released on [[Diwali]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-11/news-interviews/39897631_1_diwali-kochadaiyaan-rajinikanth |title=Kochadaiyaan to release for Diwali?|publisher=The Times of India|date= |accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/477590/20130612/rajinikanth-deepika-kochadaiyaan-release-trailer.htm |title=Rajinikanth-Deepika's 'Kochadaiyaan' Set for Diwali Release? - International Business Times |publisher=Ibtimes.co.in |date= |accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref> Though the producers considered releasing the film on 12 December 2013,<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Sunhash K.|title=Kochadaiyaan to release on Rajinikanth's birthday 12.12.2013|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2104584/Kochadaiyaan-to-release-on-Rajinikanth%27s-birthday-12.12.2013|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=2013-09-09}}</ref> it was later postponed to 10 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sangeetha Seshagiri |title='Kochadaiiyaan' Audio Release in December; Rajini Starrer to Hit Screens in January 2014 |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/522158/20131114/kochadaiiyaan-audio-release-rajini-kochadaiyaan-pongal-2014.htm |publisher=[[International Business Times]]|date=14-11-2013 |accessdate=2014-03-09}}</ref> Citing further delays, it was finally confirmed by the team that ''Kochadaiiyaan'' will be released on 11th April, 2014.<ref name ="7lang"/>

In March 2013, the distribution rights for the film in the United States were sold to ATMUS Entertainment while [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]-based Lakshmy Ganpathy Films purchased the distribution rights of the film's [[Telugu language]] version.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kochadaiyaan US, Telugu rights sold|url=http://truthdive.com/2013/03/22/kochadaiyaan-us-telugu-rights-sold.html|author=Kanchana Devi|accessdate=22 March 2013|publisher=TruthDive}}</ref> In July 2012, [[Jaya TV]] acquired the television broadcast rights of the film for an undisclosed sum.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/news/2012/kochadaiyaan-sivaji-record-097080.html| title=Kochadaiyaan breaks Sivaji's record! |work=OneIndia Entertainment | date=8 July 2012| accessdate = 8 July 2012 }}</ref>

==Sequel==
{{main|Rana (film)}}
''Kochadaiiyaan'' was originally intended to be a prequel to ''[[Rana (film)|Rana]]''.<ref name="prequel"/> However, due to Rajinikanth's illness, ''Rana'' was on a production hiatus and temporarily shelved.<ref name="hospi"/>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2339505}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 3D films]]
[[Category:Directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Performance capture in film]]
[[Category:Films using computer-generated imagery]]
[[Category:Computer-animated films]]
[[Category:Epic films]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:Historical films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language period films]]
[[Category:Tamil films of 2014]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Pinewood Studios films]]

Warna 942

2014-03-07T13:56:19Z

220.255.2.26: /* Brief History */

{{Infobox radio station
| name = WARNA 94.2FM
| image = [[File:Warna94.2FM.jpg]]
| area = Caldecott Broadcast Centre Singapore
| branding = 1994 as [[Radio Corporation of Singapore]]
| motto = Serentak Semasa
| airdate = 1959 as Radio Singapore 1994 as [[Radio Corporation of Singapore]]
| frequency = 94.2 FM
| format = Malay adult contemporary music
| erp = 500.000 [[Megahertz|MHz]]
| language = [[Malay language|Malay]]
| class = 200 Kw
| owner = [[MediaCorp]]
| licensee = MediaCorp Radio
| former_callsigns = Radio 2
| webcast = [http://radio.mediacorp.sg/RadioLive/warna942.aspx Web Stream]
| website = [http://xinmsn.com/warna942 xinmsn.com/warna942]
| callsign_meaning =
}}
'''Warna 94.2FM''' is a [[contemporary music]] [[radio station]] of [[MediaCorp]] playing a unique blend of international [[Malay language|Malay]] top 40 hits, and providing Islamic programmes, world and local news, 100% Malay music and infotainment. The station was voted the favourite Malay radio station in 2006. It was first aired operating out of [[Singapore]] with the independence of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] in 31 August 1957.

== Brief History ==

* Warna 94.2FM formerly known as Radio 2 (94.2FM).
* It was re-branded as Warna 94.2FM from [[Radio Corporation of Singapore]] (currently [[MediaCorp Radio]]) on 1994.
* It was the first [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Sunni Islam]]) radio station from the former government owned Radio & Television of Singapore its state station for Singapore viewers a role served until 1965 when Singapore became [[History of the Republic of Singapore#Independence of Singapore|independent]].
* In early 1960s, the translation and interpretation of the [[Koran]] reading in the Malay language for a programme on Radio Singapura broadcast every Friday night hosted by our late Ustaz Ahmad Sonhadji.
* On the day of ''Maulidur Rasul (birth of the Islamic [[Prophet Muhammad]])'', regular shows were subsequently transformed to a religious programme with an addition of Islamic music broadcast 24/7.
* The format of programming and playlist revamped on 6 January 2014. (see schedule below)

== Staff ==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9;
|- align="center"
! colspan=2 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Directorial & Management Staff
|- align="center"
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Position/ Role
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Name
|-
| Senior Vice President, Malay Broadcast Division
| rowspan"2" |Zakiah Halim
|-
| Assistant Vice President, Warna 94.2FM, Ria 89.7FM & Xfm 96.3
| rowspan"2" |Hassan Salleh
|-
| Senior Programme Director, Warna 94.2FM
| rowspan"2"|Morniyati Tukimin
|-
| Executive Music Director, Warna 94.2FM & Ria 89.7FM
| rowspan"2" |Brader Bo
|-
| Senior Promotions Executive
| rowspan"2" |Wati Rahim
|-
| Station Administrative Manager
| rowspan"2" |Asmah Bee
|- align="center"
! colspan=2 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Full Time DJs
|- align="center"
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Position/ Role
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Name
|-
| Executive Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Suharti Ali
|-
| Executive Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Faridah Onn
|-
| Executive Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2"|[http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/radio/warna942/dj-article.aspx?cp-documentid=4984957 Mariam Mas'od]
|-
| Executive Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Suriani Kassim (Sue)
|-
| Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |A B Shaik
|-
| Senior Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Muhd Tahar Ghalib (TG)
|-
| Senior Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Abdul Razak Rahim (RZ)
|-
| Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Nona Kirana Assan
|-
| Senior Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Zaza Majid
|-
| Senior Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Hafeez Harun
|-
| Senior Producer-Presenter
| rowspan"2" |Dyn Norahim
|}

== Notable Former DJs ==

* Adi Abdul Rahman - (previously co-hosted Warna Xpress with Suriani Kassim & hosted Adi 360, most recently a Ria 89.7fm DJ)
* Ami Mohd Noor - (left radio in June 2005, previously co-hosted Warna Mart with Morniyati Tukimin & hosted Milenia)
* Aminah Siregar - (left radio in Jan 2000, previously hosted Ceria Keluarga)
* Asmah Laili - (left radio in Jan 2000)
* Asmah Sulaiman - (left radio in Dec 2006, former Warna 94.2fm Assistant PD)
* Asri Sunawan - (previously hosted Cakra Warna & Rentak Kota, most recently a news presenter for Malay dept, Suria)
* Azlin Ali - (previously hosted Warna Mart, most recently a Ria 89.7fm DJ)
* Allahyarhamah Faridah Hanim (1943–2012) - (left radio in Dec 2003)
* Hassan Salleh - (previously co-hosted Hore Hore Sabtu with Ibrahim Jamil, most recently a Ria 89.7fm PD)
* Hasnani Nyarman - left in Jan 2000
* Hashim Yusof - left in Dec 1992
* Ibrahim Jamil - most recently a news editor for Malay dept
* Inon Salleh - most recently a news editor for Malay dept
* Jamilah Yusop - (left in June 2009, former Promotions Executive)
* Nordin Kassim - (left radio in Dec 2006, previously hosted Firman & Sabda)
* Nursha Ismail - (left radio in Nov 2011, most recently a news presenter for Malay dept, Suria)
* Rashid Sulaiman - most recently a news editor for Malay dept
* Saemah Ali - left in Dec 1997
* Surtini Sarwan - most recently a news editor for Malay dept (former Warna 94.2fm PD - 1st Generation)
* Suhaimi Yusof - left in June 2005
* Shah Ibrahim - left in Dec 2005
*Isadhora Mohd - left in October 2013, most recently a 938Live Senior Programme Director (former Warna 94.2fm PD - 2nd Generation)

== Programmes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Start Time !! End Time !! Hosted by
|-
! colspan="4" | Monday to Sunday
|-
| [[Majulah Singapura]](''National Anthem'') || 5:00am || ||
|-
| Seruan Ilahi || 5:00am || 5:05am || ''Automated''
|-
| Santapan Rohani || 5:05am || 6:00am || Various
|-
| Firman & Sabda || 6:00am || 6:30am || ''Automated''
|-
! colspan="4" | Weekdays
|-
| Espresso Warna* *Top 3 Best Radio Show in Singapore - Media's Choice || 6:30am || 10:00am || Mariam & Shaik
|-
| Ceria Keluarga || 10:00am || 2:00pm || TG & Zaza
|-
| Warna Petang || 2:00pm || 6:00pm || Sue
|-
| Sutra Warna, Cinta || 6:00pm || 10:00pm || Nona
|-
| Malam Dua Mat || 10:00pm || 2:00am || Dyn & Hafeez
|-
| Serentak Semasa || 2:00am || 5:00am || ''Automated''
|-
! colspan="4" | Saturdays
|-
| Taraku Cha Cha || 6:30am || 10:00am || ''Various (male)''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 10:00am || 4:00pm || ''Various''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 4:00pm || 9:00pm || ''Various''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 9:00pm || 2:00am || ''Various''
|-
| Serentak Semasa || 2:00am || 5:00am || ''Automated''
|-
! colspan="4" | Sundays
|-
| Muzik Warna || 6:30am || 10:00am || ''Various''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 10:00am || 4:00pm || ''Various''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 4:00pm || 9:00pm || ''Various''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 9:00pm || 2:00am || ''Various''
|-
| Serentak Semasa || 2:00am || 5:00am || ''Automated''
|-
|}

== Weekday Religious Programme(6.30pm) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Day !! Hosted by
|-
| Bimbingan|| Monday || RZ
|-
| Pelita(Syarahan) || Tuesday || Sue Kassim
|-
| Sinaran Al Quran|| Wednesday || Dyn Norahim
|-
| Dilema|| Thursday || Faridah Onn
|-
| Rakaman Khutbah Jumaat || Friday || Male Presenter
|}

== Religious Programme(Monday to Sunday) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Time !! Hosted by
|-
| Seruan Ilahi || 5.00am to 5.05am || ''Automated''
|-
| Santapan Rohani || 5.05am to 6.00am || ''Various''
|-
| Firman & Sabda || 6.00am to 6.30am || ''Automated''
|}

== Specialised Programme(During Holy month of Ramadan) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Timing !! Hosted by
|-
| Hikmah Ramadan || 15 mins before break Fast || Dyn
|}

==Adhan==
* A call for Muslim Prayer aired 5 times per day on Warna 94.2FM while [[Ria 89.7FM]] is a stand-by station to broadcast the Adhan.

==Live Prayers on radio==
* Live broadcast from the local mosque performing Prayers on Hari Raya Puasa & Hari Raya Haji in the mornings. (8.05am - 10am)

== Warna Music Playlist ==
*"Nasyid tracks, for Islamic music released from 1970 to 2010. (Daily 5am-7am, right before & after the Adhan)
*"50s & 60s, for music released from 1950. (Weekends at every hour, after 7am)
*"70s & 80s, for music released from 1970. (Daily at every hour, after 7am)
*"90s, for music released from 1990. (Daily at every hour, after 7am)
*"Raya Special, a mix of Raya songs (Eid Mubarak songs) and regulars on Warna 94.2 playlist (only on 18 Ramadan to 20 Syawal and 7 Zulhijjah to 13 Zulhijjah).

==Muzik Warna==
6 songs are played in a row starting from the top of the hour, mostly from the 60s till late 80s. Listeners may also call the studio for dedication and a short interaction with the Dj. (Weekend, 6.30am to 2.00am)

== Trivia ==
* Bijak Bestari (Reflections before Azan)
* Duit Jajan
* Tips Kesihatan
* Tips Motoring
* Permata Budi
* Rumah Idaman
* Peribahasa
* Info Mas
* Info IT
* Wang Kita
* Tips Melancong
* Sulaman Keluarga (Tazkirah before Azan)

== Season Game Show ==
* Teka Lagu Ini (on-going)
* Telinga Tikus Telinga Kuali
* the Great Radio Game
* Radio 75 Years
* Cilukba 2010

== Archive Radio Programme ==
* Warna Xpress/ Samrah Mentari
* Milenia
* Vista Warna/ Warna Mart/ Ceria Keluarga
* Rentak Warna/ Rentak Kota
* Jalan Kenangan/ Panggung Petang/ Medan Minda
* Paradigma/ Cakap Tuan Puan/ Variasi Petang
* Terapi Petang
* Gema Senja
* Dunia Dyn/ Pilihan Anda/ Ritmasari/ CD Pilihan
* Larut Malam/ Cakra Warna/ Warna Malam
* Malam 567
* Cerita Kedai Kopi
* Rock Klasik Warna

'''Rancangan Khusus'''
* Firman & Sabda (45 mins long, currently 25 mins only)
* Sekapur Sireh (Tazkirah perkahwinan)
* Kemusykilan (Soalan berkaitan agama)
* Meniti Usia

==See also==
*[[List of radio stations in Singapore]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://xinmsn.com/warna942 Warna 94.2FM Official Website]

{{Radio stations in Singapore}}
{{MediaCorp}}

{{coord missing|Singapore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2011}}

[[Category:Radio stations in Singapore]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1959]]
[[Category:Malay-language radio stations]]

Flipnote Studio 3D

2014-03-04T05:46:58Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox video game
|title=Flipnote Studio 3D
|collapsible=no
|image=[[File:Flipnote-studio-3d-logo.jpg]]
|developer=[[Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development|Nintendo EAD Tokyo]]
|publisher=[[Nintendo]]
|director=Hideaki Shimizu
|producer=[[Yoshiaki Koizumi]]
|platforms=[[Nintendo 3DS]]
|released={{vgrelease|JP=July 24, 2013|NA=March 12th, 2014<ref name="noa official site" />|PAL=March 2014<ref name="noe official site" />}}
|predecessor=''[[Flipnote Studio]]''
|genre=Animation
|modes=[[Single-player video game|Single player]], online
|media=[[Nintendo 3DS Download Software]]
|predeccesor=[[Flipnote Studio]]
}}
'''''Flipnote Studio 3D''''', known in Japan as {{nihongo|'''''Moving Notepad 3D'''''|うごくメモ帳 3D|Ugoku Memochō Surī Dī}}, (originally announced as ''Flipnote Memo'',)<ref>{{Cite web | last = Clegg | first = Aaron | title = News: New Flipnote Title For 3DS | date = 2011-04-24 | url = http://www.n-europe.com/news-archive/news-new-flipnote-title-for-3ds | accessdate = 2012-08-16 }}</ref> is a free downloadable [[animation]] application launched in 2013 for the [[Nintendo 3DS]]. This successor to ''[[Flipnote Studio]]'' allows users to use three separate layers to create [[stereoscopic 3D]] animations, which can be exported into [[Graphics Interchange Format|GIF]] or [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]] format, and features more colors (black, white, blue, red, green, and yellow) than Flipnote Studio, which didn't include green and yellow.
''Flipnote Studio 3D'' was launched with two online communities: ''Flipnote Gallery'': ''Friends'', and ''Flipnote Gallery: World''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=hhpsK-nk098 |title=Nintendo Direct Mini --3.13.2013 |author=Nintendo |date=2013-03-13 |work=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref>
<ref>[http://tinycartridge.com/post/45266207074/flipnote-studio-3d-on-the-way-the-3ds-successor Flipnote Studio 3D on the way The 3DS successor... -Tiny Cartridge 3DS -Nintendo 3DS, DS, Wii U, and PS Vita News, Media, Comics, & Retro Junk]</ref>

The application was released in [[Japan]] on July 24, 2013. It was set for an August 2013 release in North America and Europe, but due to "unexpectedly high" usage of the online services in Japan, the application's release was delayed for both regions.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.joystiq.com/2013/07/30/flipnote-studio-3d-delayed-in-europe/ | title=Flipnote Studio 3D delayed in Europe due to 'unexpectedly high' use in Japan | first=Sinan | last=Kubba | date=2013-07-30 | accessdate=2013-09-01 | publisher=[[Joystiq]] }}</ref> Nintendo has yet to offer any further statements with regards to this title's release in North America and Europe.

==Features==
===Flipnote Creation===
''Flipnote Studio 3D'' is largely similar to its predecessor, ''[[Flipnote Studio]]''. The applications allows users to create stereoscopic 3D animations, known as Flipnotes. These animations can either be shared on the application's native online communities, or by exporting them as [[Graphics Interchange Format|GIF]] or [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]] files.
[[File:Flipnote Studio 3D interface.jpg|thumb|left|The main screen of the Flipnote creation interface.]]
The interface consists of the many of the same tools from the original ''[[Flipnote Studio]]'', as well as some additions to and improvements upon said tools. The main tools are the "Pen," the "Paintbrush," and the "Eraser." The pen allows for solid lines, and "airbrush" effects. The paintbrush is used for shading areas with patterns of pixels, and the eraser is used for removing marks previously made with the pen and paintbrush.

Some improvements upon the limitations of ''Flipnote Studio'' have been made as well. For example, the user can create 3D Flipnotes. Each of the three layers can be set to a certain "depth" for each frame of animation. Also, in addition to the red, blue, black, and white colors available in ''Flipnote Studio,'' ''Flipnote Studio 3D'' allows users to use green and yellow. If the user creates an animation with one layer, all six colors can be used at once. However, when creating Flipnote using all three layers, only two colors can be used per layer. There are also new tools for Flipnote creation such as the "paint bucket" and "text" tools. The paint bucket can fill an enclosed area with color or a "paintbrush" pattern. The text tool allows text to be typed on a touchscreen keyboard; in the previous Flipnote Studio, users had to rely on their own handwriting.

There is also a select tool. Users can freehand select an area of the drawing, which can then be copied, cut, pasted, scaled, and/or rotated. The camera feature from ''Flipnote Studio'' returns as well, with improvements. If the user is creating an animation with one layer, photographs taken will be made up of all six colors. If they are using three layers, the photo will use the two colors for the selected layer. The audio tools are improved from Flipnote Studio as well. The basic structure is unchanged: there is a long track for music, and shorter tracks for sound effects. Flags are placed for each sound effect, indicating which frame they will play on. ''Flipnote Studio 3D'' allows for longer sound effects as well as a longer music track than its predecessor. There is also a new screen that allows the position of sound effects to be fine-tuned. This screen can also be used to check the sound synchronization of a certain area of the animation without needing to play the Flipnote from the beginning.

===Online services===

''Flipnote Studio'' 3D was launched along with two separate online services: ''Flipnote Gallery: Friends'' and ''Flipnote Gallery: World.'' As the names imply, the former allows for Flipnotes to be shared with people on the user's 3DS Friends List, and the latter is a worldwide community for sharing and viewing Flipnotes.

====Flipnote Gallery: Friends====
[[File:Flipnote Gallery Friends screenshot.gif|right|thumb|Flipnote Gallery: Friends online service.]]
Flipnote Gallery: Friends was a free community service included as a part of ''Flipnote Studio 3D.'' The service allowed users to share Flipnotes with users in their 3DS Friends List. The service was based around user-hosted "Galleries." Users could open up to two galleries at once. Each gallery could be shared with up to 19 of the user's Friends, for a total of 20 people. These galleries exist for 15 days before they expire, and users could open a new gallery as soon as one closes.<ref name="noa official site">http://flipnotestudio3d.nintendo.com/ Flipnote Studio 3D for Nintendo 3DS: Official Site. Retrieved October 4, 2013.</ref>

Participants in these galleries could post their Flipnotes, view Flipnotes posted by others, and download and comment on these Flipnotes. In addition, Flipnote Gallery: Friends featured a simple voting system. Users could rate Flipnotes as either "cool," "funny," or "cute," and each Flipnote displays how many votes it has received in each category.

=====Closing of the service=====
On November 1, 2013, Nintendo ended the Flipnote Gallery: Friends service in Japan. This occurred at the same time as the discontinuation of sending [[Swapnote]]s via Spotpass. Nintendo ended these services because users, including minors, would exchange Friend Codes on [[internet forums]] and use them to send inappropriate content, including photographs. Flipnote Gallery: World was not discontinued.<ref name="suspension of swapnote">{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendo.co.jp/support/information/2013/1101.html|publisher=Nintendo|accessdate=1 November 2013}}</ref>

====Flipnote Gallery: World====
[[File:Flipnote Gallery World screenshot.gif|thumb|right|Flipnote Gallery: World's "Most Popular" page.]]
Flipnote Gallery: World is a paid community service, and the successor to [[Flipnote Hatena]]. The service is based around 30-day "passes" that can be obtained in a variety of ways. Users receive one pass when they first connect to Flipnote Gallery: World as a free trial to the service, and an additional pass costs $0.99 US dollars (price varies by country/region). Each pass, activated when the previous pass expires, grants users 100 Coins and 3 Star Coins which are required for various activities.

'''Activities that require a Coin'''

* Posting a Flipnote
* Downloading a Flipnote
* Posting a comment on a Flipnote
* Adding a Coin to a Flipnote to rate it

Users may add as many coins as they like to any Flipnote, provided they have any remaining in their account. Downloading and commenting only require the use of one coin.

'''Activities that require a Star Coin'''

* Posting a Flipnote
* Adding a Creator to your Favorites

Flipnotes can be posted using either a regular Coin or a Star Coin. If Flipnotes posted using a regular Coin don't receive any Coins within 30 days, they will be automatically removed from the service. On the other hand, Flipnotes posted using Star Coins will remain on the Gallery indefinitely regardless of whether it has received any Coins.

Users can participate in the Flipnote Gallery: World community as either a "Creator" or a "Collector." Doing particularly well in either activity provides an opportunity for users to be granted a free 30-day pass to the service. Creators create Flipnotes and post them to the gallery. When their Flipnotes receive Coins from other users, they also begin to accumulate "Creator Points." Earning enough Creator Points will grant a free pass.

The concept of "Flipnote Collectors" is a new addition to Flipnote Gallery: World. The role of Collectors is to find high-quality Flipnotes and to help them become popular. When users add Coins to a Flipnote, the Flipnote is added to their Collection. "Collector Points" are earned when Flipnotes in a user's collection become popular later on. Accruing a certain amount of Collector Points will result in a free pass.

==Development==
Flipnote Studio 3D was originally announced in a travel of [[Shigeru Miyamoto|Miyamoto]] in France in 2011 under the name ''Flipnote Memo''.{{Citation needed|2011|date=December 2013}} Other than this mention, there was no further news on the eventual release of the application until a [[Nintendo Direct]] Mini broadcast on March 13, 2013. In this official announcement, several features were revealed, such as the ability to create 3D Flipnotes using up to 3 layers. This was the first time that the application was referred to as ''Flipnote Studio 3D''. The broadcast also announced a release date of mid-2013.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhpsK-nk098</ref>

''Flipnote Studio 3D'' was set for a July 3, 2013 release date in Japan, but in a statement by Nintendo on June 27, the application was delayed until July 24.<ref>[http://www.gonintendo.com GoNintendo - What are YOU waiting for?]</ref> Upon its launch, the application's online services suffered from error messages and slowness due to the massive amount of users attempting to use the services.

Originally, the application was to be released in Europe on August 1, 2013. However, on July 30, 2013, Nintendo of Europe announced that, due to the unexpectedly high use of the online services in Japan, the application's release would be delayed. They also promised to announce a new release date "as soon as possible."<ref name="noe official site">[http://www.nintendo.co.uk/Games/Nintendo-3DS-download-software/Flipnote-Studio-3D-763095.html Flipnote Studio 3D | Nintendo 3DS download software | Games | Nintendo]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2013/07/flipnote_studio_3d_european_release_is_delayed |title=Flipnote Studio 3D European Release is Delayed |first=Thomas |last=Whitehead |date=2013-07-30 |work=Nintendo Life |publisher= |accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref> Nintendo of America's official website for the application originally indicated an "Early August 2013" release date, but on August 7, 2013, this release date was changed to "TBD"<ref name="noa official site" /> without any accompanying notice of a delay.

On November 1, 2013, the Flipnote Gallery: Friends service was discontinued in Japan due to underage users sending/receiving "inappropriate content" via the service. {{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} Only a day prior, Nintendo globally disabled SpotPass features for their messaging app [[Swapnote]]/Nintendo Letter Box for similar reasons.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://flipnotestudio3d.nintendo.com/ Official North American site]
* [http://www.nintendo.co.uk/Games/Nintendo-3DS-download-software/Flipnote-Studio-3D-763095.html Official European site]
* [https://www.facebook.com/FlipnoteStudio3D Unofficial Facebook fan page]
{{3DSfeatures}}

[[Category:2013 video games]]
[[Category:Nintendo 3DS eShop games]]
[[Category:Nintendo 3DS-only games]]
[[Category:Nintendo Network games]]
[[Category:2D animation software]]
[[Category:Animation software]]
[[Category:Video game sequels]]

Wikipedia talk:Good article nominations

2014-02-10T05:42:12Z

220.255.2.26: /* Backlog by topic */ new section

-------------------- 
{{Wikipedia:Good article nominations/Tab header}}
{{FAQ|collapsed=yes}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|maxarchivesize = 500K
|counter = 20
|algo = old(7d)
|archive = Wikipedia talk:Good article nominations/Archive %(counter)d
}}
{{archives|search=yes|bot=MiszaBot II|age=7}}
{{archives
|style = font-size:88%;
|auto = no
|editbox= no
|collapsed=yes
|prefix = Wikipedia talk:Good article nominations/Archive
|title = Dated archives
|1=<div class="nowraplinks">
* [[/Archive 1|18 March 2006 – 15 April 2006]]
* [[/Archive 2|15 April 2006 – 3 June 2006]]
* [[/Archive 3|April 2006 – June 2006]]
* [[/Archive 4|June 2006 – August 2006]]
* [[/Archive 5|September 2006 – April 2007]]
* [[/Archive 6|April 2007 – July 2007]]
* [[/Archive 7|July 2007 – September 2007]]
* [[/Archive 8|September 2007 – February 2008]]
* [[/Archive 9|February 2008 – May 2008]]
* [[/Archive 10|May 2008 – September 2008]]
* [[/Archive 11|October 2008 – March 2009]]
* [[/Archive 12|March 2009 – August 2009]]
* [[/Archive 13|September 2009 – May 2010]]
* [[/Archive 14|June 2010 – January 2011]]
* [[/Archive 15|January 2011 – December 2011]]
* [[/Archive 16|January 2012 – June 2012]]
* [[/Archive 17|June 2012 – October 2012]]
* [[/Archive 18|October 2012 – March 2013]]
* [[/Archive 19|March 2013 – November 2013]]
* [[/Archive 20|November 2013 – ]]
</div>
}}
{{shortcut|WT:GAN}}

__TOC__

== query ==

For some reason {{u|Seabuckthorn}} just failed [[Talk:Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike/GA1]] after I requested a 7 day extension. The main reason for this extension is that this reviewer suddenly started reviewing all of my articles putting me in a bit of a bind to keep up with his pace of reviews. Has anyone ever seen a first request for a 7 day extension be denied by an editor in good standing? As a long time reviewer, I almost always will grant 2 7-day extensions if the editor has any half decent explaination, including RL. The following are the dates in the last month that this reviewer has put my articles on hold, which explains why I have had trouble keeping up with his reviews: [[Frank Underwood (House of Cards)]] (12 January 2014), [[Claire Underwood]] (12 January 2014), [[Cliff Alexander]] (8 January 2014), [[Freedom from Fear (painting)]] (6 January 2014), [[Freedom of Worship (painting)]] (6 January 2014), [[Tyus Jones]] (4 January 2014), [[George Campbell (American football)]] (3 January 2014), [[Selina Meyer]] (31 December 2013), [[Michael Novogratz]] (20 December 2013). In addition to responding to his reviews, in the last month I have also successfully responded to the following holds from other reviewers: [[Alyssa Miller]] (22 December 2013), [[Orel Hershiser's scoreless inning streak]] (never put on hold), [[Freedom of Speech (painting)]] (never put on hold), [[Shane Morris]] (3 January 2014), and [[Randall Cunningham II]] (3 January 2014). Shouldn't I be allowed to request an extension or two here for this review. I have never seen a first request for extension denied before.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 19:47, 19 January 2014 (UTC)
*If this reveiwer no longer wants to review this article could my queue position be restored to 00:40, 10 September 2013‎.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 19:57, 19 January 2014 (UTC)
*P.S. this reviewer also oddly failed [[Talk:Frank Underwood (House of Cards)/GA1]] just a few hours before the review above. I have posted that one for [[Wikipedia:Good article reassessment/Frank Underwood (House of Cards)/1]]. That also had a 10 September 2013‎ queue position.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 20:07, 19 January 2014 (UTC)

:*Hi! I'm glad to see your work here. I've been impressed with your meticulous articles. I'm not sure I agree with the points you raise in this forum. But really, I'm willing to respect any decision that is taken here. Don't take it too hard! I've made lots of mistakes. I'd like to take this opportunity to thank you very much for this accolade you crafted diligently for me despite such severe time constraints.
{{hidden/FC|headerstyle=background:#ccf;|contentstyle=border:1px #ccf solid; padding:10px;|header=Offtopic content|content=

{| width=100% style="text-align: justify; border: 3px solid darkgoldenrod; padding: 5px; background-color: lightgoldenrodyellow"
|

'''Review kudos'''

{| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[File:Reviewer Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Reviewer Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Some of your recent reviews have been unlike any I have seen before. You have really dotted the is and crossed the ts. You are helping me to improve the project with these types of reviews. [[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 07:31, 14 January 2014 (UTC)
|}
|}
}}
--[[User:Seabuckthorn|Seabuckthorn]] [[User talk:Seabuckthorn|'''♥''']] 01:08, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
::*I have taken the liberty of hiding the somewhat irrelevant barnstar that I gave you. This discussion has nothing to do with the impressive extensive detail of your recent reviews. It is about your sudden decisions to make what I feel are illogical closure decisions.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 04:42, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
:::*I am getting kind of impatient. Of the 7 people who have more edits to this talk page than me, three are currently highly active. I am requesting that {{u|Wizardman}}, {{u|Hahc21}}, and {{u|Eric Corbett}} (formerly known as Malleus Fatuorum) come take a look at this issue and consider responding with some advice.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 15:26, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
::::*Thanks for the ping, [[User:TonyTheTiger|Tony]]. I rarely read this page now and pinging me is a good way to catch my attention :) So, on the issue, I believe that the only reasons why an article is going to be failed are of the nominator refuses to address valid concerns, or if the nominator is unresponsive for some two weeks (inactive or actively editing). Otherwise, the nominator has the right to spend as much time as needed solving the issues pointed out in the review, especially if the nominator has around 20 GANs like Tony. Therefore, I consider that {{u|Seabuckthorn}}'s close was a bit harsh on his part, since Tony was still active and explicitly required more time. And after all, there is no set limit for GANs to be opened. [[Ricardo Arjona]]'s GAN was open for 3 months and it was passed at the end, for example. There should be no rush when reviewing GANs, I think. — [[User:Hahc21|'''ΛΧΣ''']][[User_talk:Hahc21|'''21''']] ''Call me Hahc21'' 16:14, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
::::*There's no 7-day rule, as you know Tony, and I've always been happy to extend the deadline if a nominator requests it. So I certainly wouldn't have failed the article the day after you requested another week to work on it to address the reviewer's comments. [[User:Eric Corbett| Eric]] [[User talk:Eric Corbett|Corbett]] 17:55, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
*I generally hold for two weeks or as long as the article is being worked on and the editor is interested in the fixing it. Now, Tony hasn't done so in return despite '''my''' request in the past, but the reviewer does have that right. It seems now that the shoe is on the other foot this is a big issue! How's calling foul, now, fair? I am quite sympathetic, but this seems to be an ironic case of hypocrisy. [[User:ChrisGualtieri|ChrisGualtieri]] ([[User talk:ChrisGualtieri|talk]]) 18:16, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
**I don't remember denying any request for an extension of an article being worked on. I will quickfail for editwarring and extensive citations needed, but how many of your articles have I reviewed (See [[User:TonyTheTiger/Reviews#Reviewer_Record]]) and when have I ever not given an extension upon request. I think you may have me mixed up with someone else or may be making something up.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 18:37, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
***I continue to await an explanation, apology, or some other response from {{u|ChrisGualtieri}} for what I believe to be wild accusations.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 08:24, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

Respecting the consensus here, I've reverted myself. However, I've resigned from the reviews. --[[User:Seabuckthorn|Seabuckthorn]] [[User talk:Seabuckthorn|'''♥''']] 07:06, 21 January 2014 (UTC)
:I think you have only reverted 3 of the 4 relevant pages. I think you still need to revert [[Talk:Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike]].--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 08:17, 21 January 2014 (UTC)
*I want to say, that I hope you do not resign from WP. I appreciate your hard work. In a very short time, you have improved tremendously as a reviewer. I apologize for asking you to refrain from picking up so many of my reviews, However, unless the subject matter is such that there are few people with sufficient expertise to review articles in a subject area, one reviewer should not be picking up all the review of one nominator.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 08:21, 21 January 2014 (UTC)
:* Got to love those bad faith accusations Tony. You quickfailed DBZ and wouldn't discuss it and were rather rude after I responded less than a half hour after you took it. It took less than one hour from the time you closed it to address your main issue, as it was already written, to start with. You wouldn't even give it a proper look, forget 7 days, you didn't even spare 30 minutes. [[User:ChrisGualtieri|ChrisGualtieri]] ([[User talk:ChrisGualtieri|talk]]) 14:57, 21 January 2014 (UTC)
::*This case is not about a quickfail and I still stand behind the quickfail of [[Talk:Dragon Ball Z/GA1]]. The version I reviewed was illprepared and would not have passed at [[WP:GAR]].--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 15:12, 21 January 2014 (UTC)
:::* Point was I asked for a week and a review, it was one of the first I did and the content already existed as evidenced by its quick inclusion. But whatever, I asked for time and got none. That's the point. [[User:ChrisGualtieri|ChrisGualtieri]] ([[User talk:ChrisGualtieri|talk]]) 18:21, 21 January 2014 (UTC)
::::*I think you asked for a week after I had already failed the article (with good reason I believe).--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 20:07, 21 January 2014 (UTC)
:::::*P.S. {{u|ChrisGualtieri}} In case you don't understand the difference, there are tons of reviews where after it is failed the nominator asks for a 2nd chance/more time and is denied by the reviewer. However, for a reviewer to deny a request for more time that comes before a final evaluation is extremely rare.--[[User:TonyTheTiger|TonyTheTiger]] ([[User talk:TonyTheTiger|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger|C]] / [[WP:FOUR]] / [[WP:CHICAGO]] / [[WP:WAWARD]]) 15:07, 22 January 2014 (UTC)
:::::: [[Talk:Dragon Ball Z/GA1|It was not even 30 minutes since you started the review.]] All I needed to do was re-drop in the info, I could still fix that article (it still is pretty active) in less than a day's worth of work, A&M's standards have changed - and for good. It was "oh, the plots the same as the manga, it doesn't need more than 4 sentences". No one cared about the stand-alone aspect of an article, and the GAN was to serve as both a stepping stone and way to get a proper peer review on that matter. But no worries, I hold content aside in disputes so if a 3O needs it, it is ready. [[User:ChrisGualtieri|ChrisGualtieri]] ([[User talk:ChrisGualtieri|talk]]) 15:42, 22 January 2014 (UTC)

==Drive-bys==
{{user|Rudra john cena}} has made a handful of drive by nominations, that do not give the impression that he is competent enough to go through with the review process. Just a head's up for the reviewers.[[User talk:Maunus|User:Maunus ·ʍaunus·snunɐw·]] 20:44, 22 January 2014 (UTC)
::It may also be worth noting that the same editor has [[Wikipedia:Good_article_nominations/Mentors|listed himself as a GA mentor]], claiming to be a 'former reviewer of nominations', though nothing on his contribution list supports this. He also claims at the top of his userpage to be 'a proffesional user and a administrator of wikipedia' ''(sic)''; [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Rudra_john_cena|the RFA he recently opened]], apparently to support this claim, was speedily failed. [[User:Shoebox2|Shoebox2]] [[User_talk:Shoebox2|talk]] 22:57, 22 January 2014 (UTC)

== Article size ==

Hello. I apologise if this question is covered somewhere but I haven't been able to find anything that answers my question. I understand that stubs can't be nominated but is there a minimum size requirement before an article can be nominated for GA? [[User:Green Giant|Green Giant]] ([[User talk:Green Giant|talk]]) 23:36, 22 January 2014 (UTC)
:Per [[WP:GACR]], the article needs to be long enough to broad in its coverage with out rambling on about tangents. Is there a specific article you're looking at, or? --'''[[User:Admrboltz|Admr]][[User talk:Admrboltz|Boltz]]''' 23:45, 22 January 2014 (UTC)
::Thanks for the reply. Sorry, I don't think I phrased my question the right way round. It occurred to me while reading the bit that says "short article" in the "Neglected review" section above. What I mean't to ask was: is there a minimum size requirement if an article otherwise meets all the criteria, similar to the ''Did you know'' requirement of [[WP:DYK#Eligibility criteria|1500 characters]] of readable prose? There is no particular article I'm thinking of but for example would a two-paragraph, thoroughly sourced article (which covers the topic as broadly as possible), with one or two free-for-use images, qualify? Sorry if that last sentence is a bit of a mouthful. [[User:Green Giant|Green Giant]] ([[User talk:Green Giant|talk]]) 01:08, 23 January 2014 (UTC)
:::I don't know of a hard-set limit, at least there's not one listed at the GA criteria list I mentioned above, but I could be wrong. --'''[[User:Admrboltz|Admr]][[User talk:Admrboltz|Boltz]]''' 01:14, 23 January 2014 (UTC)
::::There is no set criteria for a certain length. [[User:Aircorn|AIR'''''corn''''']] [[User talk:Aircorn|(talk)]] 09:22, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
::::*Exactly. There is just the expectation of reasonably wide coverage (checked by looking at what sources are available). — [[User:Crisco 1492|Crisco 1492]] ([[User talk:Crisco 1492|talk]]) 09:33, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
::::::Green Giant, If it helps you at all, articles such as [[Senior Prom]], [[Operation Sandwedge]] and [[Europa and the Pirate Twins]] have had no problem passing GA reviews, and neither are particularly long. It's mostly about comprehensiveness rather than absolute length (although a GA review doesn't require an article to be exhaustive in the way that FAC does, you do need to demonstrate a broad sample of the available sources). [[User:Grapple X|'''GRAPPLE''']] [[User talk:Grapple X|'''X''']] 13:42, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
:::::::I have written many short GAs, including [[MINDS]], [[Pathlight School]], [[Xiaxue]] and [[Ya Kun Kaya Toast]]. Reading thes examples may shed some light on how short GAs can be broad and what is expected of them. --[[User:Hildanknight|J.L.W.S. The Special One]] ([[User talk:Hildanknight|talk]]) 15:00, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
::::::::Thank you one and all for your replies, it is pretty much what I suspected. I will study the examples given and hopefully will have an article or two to present here sometime soon. Agin thanks. [[User:Green Giant|Green Giant]] ([[User talk:Green Giant|talk]]) 23:54, 25 January 2014 (UTC)

== 2012 Summer Paralympics ‎ ==

This article has been nominated by an IP editor in their one an only edit. While it seems that [[Wikipedia_talk:Good_article_nominations/Archive_7#Can_IP_editors_nominate_GAs.3F|IP editors can nominate]] GAs, and I am willing to review, it seems problematic to be dealing with an IP editor with only one edit. [[User:Hawkeye7|Hawkeye7]] ([[User talk:Hawkeye7|talk]]) 07:00, 1 February 2014 (UTC)
:Should be explicitly mentioned that maybe only "established" IP editors should be able to. [[User:ViperSnake151|ViperSnake151]] [[User_talk:ViperSnake151| Talk ]] 00:26, 10 February 2014 (UTC)
::What is the definition of an "established" IP editor? --[[Special:Contributions/220.255.2.90|220.255.2.90]] ([[User talk:220.255.2.90|talk]]) 05:16, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

== Bot gone a bit bonkers? ==

I had occasion to check the edit history for the GA nomination page this afternoon, and discovered 'Legobot' making like the proverbial broken record over one review, the [[Dewey Decimal System]] article by [[User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]]. Punctually every ten minutes for the past few hours Legobot has removed and re-added this same entry, assigning Rosiestep a new review every time, so that her counter goes up accordingly (it was up to 51, from an initial total of 25, last I checked).
I don't mean to pick on Rosiestep particularly, I'm sure she's a fine reviewer -- and frankly part of me would sort of enjoy seeing how long Legobot can keep this up -- but it does occur that this single-mindedness might be preventing it from carrying out other duties. [[User:Shoebox2|Shoebox2]] [[User_talk:Shoebox2|talk]] 22:00, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
:I already poked the bot-op, so we shall see... --'''[[User:Admrboltz|Admr]][[User talk:Admrboltz|Boltz]]''' 22:03, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
::That worked. Turns out to be a simple formatting glitch that the bot (apparently) kept trying to fix. What [[User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]] now wants to do with her newly hyper-inflated review count (it eventually got up to 56) is I suppose up to her. :) [[User:Shoebox2|Shoebox2]] [[User_talk:Shoebox2|talk]] 23:48, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
:::Well, that's one way to rack up my review count. But I prefer reality, so how do I change my count to 11? --[[User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]] ([[User talk:Rosiestep|talk]]) 02:38, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
::::I have reset your count in the table. --'''[[User:Admrboltz|Admr]][[User talk:Admrboltz|Boltz]]''' 17:07, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

== Review started accidentally ? withdraw nom ==

Could someone take a look at [[Talk:Wookey Hole Caves/GA1]]? I did some work on the article [[Wookey Hole Caves]] and thought it was ready for nomination. Another editor has now highlighted some areas for further development (and made lots of useful and constructive edits). That editor then started the GA review inadvertently by adding a comment about the areas needing improvement before nomination. What is the best way to handle this - would the simplest thing be to just withdraw the nom until improved & then renominate - if so how is this done?— [[User:Rodw|Rod]] [[User talk:Rodw|talk]] 20:38, 5 February 2014 (UTC)
:As more work is going on with this article & the current nomination page has been started inappropriately can I withdraw the nomination. The FAQ says the nominator has the right to do this but I can't find any instructions for how to do this. If not can someone quick fail it & I will renominate once everyone on the talk page is happy?— [[User:Rodw|Rod]] [[User talk:Rodw|talk]] 17:01, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

== Backlog by topic ==

Some statistics from [[WP:GAN/R]], correct as of 7:17 am yesterday:
*There were 344 outstanding nominations and 236 unreviewed nominations.
*45 outstanding and 32 unreviewed nominations were from the Media and drama category.
*70 outstanding and 58 unreviewed nominations were from the Music category.
*42 outstanding and 34 unreviewed nominations were from the Sports and recreation category.
*These three categories account for about 46% of outstanding and 53% of unreviewed nominations.
*These three categories account for 7 of the 10 oldest unreviewed nominations.

I suspect that while many contributors keep writing similar articles on these topics, reviewers are unable to keep up with the flood of nominations and lose interest. If so, the backlog could be reduced by encouraging contributors to write on more diverse topics, which also helps counter systemic bias.

--[[Special:Contributions/220.255.2.26|220.255.2.26]] ([[User talk:220.255.2.26|talk]]) 05:42, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

Perfume (Britney Spears song)

2014-02-05T05:36:27Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox single
| Name = Perfume
| Cover = Perfume cover.png
| Border = yes
| Artist = [[Britney Spears]]
| Album = [[Britney Jean]]
| Released = {{Start date|2013|11|04}}
| Format = {{flat list|
*[[Music download|Digital download]]
}}
| Recorded = 2013
| Genre = [[Pop Ballad]]
| Label = [[RCA Records|RCA]]
| Length = {{duration|m=3|s=59}}
| Writer = {{flat list|
*Britney Spears
*[[Sia Furler]]
*[[Chris Braide|Christopher Braide]]
}}
| Producer = {{flat list|
*[[will.i.am]]
*[[Keith Harris (producer)|Keith Harris]]
*Christopher Braide
}}
| Last single = {{ubl|"[[Work Bitch]]"|(2013)}}
| This single = {{ubl|"'''Perfume'''"|(2013)}}
| Next single = {{ubl|"Now That I Found You"|(2014)}}
}}

"'''Perfume'''" is a song recorded by American singer [[Britney Spears]] for her eighth studio album, ''[[Britney Jean]]'' (2013). It was written by Spears, [[Sia Furler|Sia]] and [[Chris Braide|Christopher Braide]], while the song was produced by [[will.i.am]] and co-produced by [[Keith Harris (producer)|Keith Harris]] and Braide. A musical departure from its [[Electronic Dance Music|EDM]]-influenced predecessor, "[[Work Bitch]]", the song was met with general acclaim from fans and critics.<ref name=idolator1>{{cite web|last=Daw|first=Robbie|title=Britney Spears' 'Perfume': Review Revue|url=http://www.idolator.com/7491766/britney-spears-perfume-review-revue|work=[[Idolator (website){{!}}Idolator]]|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}</ref> Spears first performed the song on her residency concert [[Britney: Piece of Me]] in 2013.

== Background and release ==
In July 2013, Spears acknowledged through [[Twitter]] that she "wrote such a special song" with [[Australia]]n singer-songwriter [[Sia Furler]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popjustice.com/thenews/along-with-most-other-popstars-britneys-been-writing-songs-with-sia/117052/|title=Along with most other popstars, Britney's been writing songs with Sia|last=O'Mance|first=Brad|date=July 12, 2013|accessdate=October 27, 2013|work=[[Popjustice]]}}</ref> which was later revealed to be Spears' favorite track on ''Britney Jean'', the ballad "Perfume".<ref name=perfume>{{cite news|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|title=Britney Spears Says 'Breakups Suck,' But They Make Great Music|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1714200/britney-spears-jason-trawick-breakup-new-music.jhtml|accessdate=October 15, 2013|work=MTV News|date=September 17, 2013}}</ref> In October 2013, it was announced that the song would serve as the second single for the album.<ref name="digitalspyper">{{cite web|last=Corner|first=Lewis|title=Britney Spears unveils new album 'Britney Jean' artwork — picture|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a526536/britney-spears-unveils-new-album-britney-jean-artwork-picture.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=November 5, 2013}}</ref> [[RCA Records]]' CEO [[Peter Edge]] said he felt "fairly strong" that the song would be the second single after hearing it, and that it could be "a big career song."<ref name=peter/> He continued to praise Spears' vocals, commenting that "she sings it beautifully and it has a real sincerity to it. And it's outstanding -- I think people are not only gonna be surprised but also see another side of Britney."<ref name=peter>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/5763194/q4-label-special-rcas-tom-corson-and-peter-edge-on-miley-britney-jt-the-adult|title=Q4 Label Special: RCA's Tom Corson and Peter Edge on Miley, Britney & JT, the Adult Xmas Market, 'Focusing on Hip-Hop & Rock' (From the Magazine)|last1=Hampp|first1=Andrew|last2=Christman|first2=Ed|date=October 22, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> Spears' manager [[Larry Rudolph]] described "Perfume" as being "a breakup song that's about wanting the next girl to smell your perfume on the guy afterwards. The lyric[s] [are] really unique and she sings the shit out of it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5740269/britney-spears-manager-on-vegas-ticket-sales-lip-syncing-new-album|title=Britney Spears' Manager Larry Rudolph on Vegas Residency Ticket Sales, Lip-Syncing and New Album (Exclusive)|last=Peters|first=Mitchell|date=September 26, 2013|accessdate=November 11, 2013|work=Billboard}}</ref>

On November 1, 2013, Spears tweeted that she would reveal previews of "Perfume" through her [[Snapchat]] account. Along with the lyrics "I want to believe / It's just you and me / Sometimes it feels like there's three of us in here, baby / So I wait for you to call and I try to act natural / Have you been thinking 'bout her or 'bout me / And while I wait, I put on my perfume / Yeah I want it all over you", the singer also shared the artwork for the single.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idolator.com/7491653/britney-spears-perfume-cover-lyrics|last=Lee|first=Christina|title=Britney Spears Reveals Cover Art & Lyrics For Next Single "Perfume"|date=November 2, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=Idolator}}</ref> The song was originally scheduled for release on November 5, 2013, along with the pre-order of ''Britney Jean''.<ref name="digitalspyper" /> However, Spears made the song available for streaming via [[Facebook]] two days earlier on November 3, 2013 instead.<ref name="spin">{{cite news|last=Hogan|first=Marc|title=Britney Spears' Ballad 'Perfume' Smells Winningly Human|url=http://www.spin.com/articles/britney-spears-perfume-britney-jean-stream/|accessdate=November 5, 2013|magazine=[[Spin (magazine){{!}}Spin]]|date=November 4, 2013}}</ref> It was then made available for purchase at midnight on November 4, 2013; one day ahead of the scheduled date. Following the release of "Perfume", she tweeted: "Thank u all SO much for the kind words!! I'm so happy u guys are loving the song as much as I do! #PerfumePremiere".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://okmagazine.com/meet-the-stars/britney-spears-releases-new-song-perfume-listen-to-the-track-here/|title=Britney Spears Releases New Song "Perfume"—Listen To The Track Here!|last=Kirby|first=Jillian|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=[[OK!]]}}</ref> Record producer [[Dr. Luke]] revealed that the single release of the song is a "radio-friendly" edit, while the "rawer" and "less produced" original version would be included as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of ''Britney Jean''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a528745/dr-luke-second-version-of-britney-spearss-perfume-is-rawer.html|title=Dr Luke: 'Second version of Britney Spears's Perfume is rawer'|last=Joannou|first=Andy|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|work=Digital Spy}}</ref>

An acoustic version of the song featuring Sia was released as part of the compilation ''Pop Goes Live: Volume 3''.<ref>[http://www.josepvinaixa.com/blog/britney-spears-perfume-with-sia-acoustic/ Ultimate Music | Britney Spears “Perfume” (featuring Sia) [Acoustic Version]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Britney Spears & Sia Team Up On Acoustic Version Of “Perfume”|url=http://www.idolator.com/7501447/britney-spears-perfume-acoustic-unplugged-sia|publisher=Idolator.com|accessdate=22 January 2014|date=15 January 2014}}</ref>

== Composition ==
{{listen
| filename = Britney Spears_-_Perfume.ogg
| title = "Perfume"
| description = A 21-second sample of the song's chorus features Spears singing over an instrumentation with infused soaring [[Strings (music)|strings]] and bubbling [[synthesizer]]s.<ref name=nydn/> Lyrically, the song plays heavily on themes of jealousy and suspicion in a relationship.<ref name=lyrically/>
| format = [[Ogg]]
| pos = left
}}

"Perfume" is an '80s-influenced [[power ballad]], which Spears described as "incredibly special to me because it hits close to home, and I think the story is relatable to everyone. Everyone's been through an insecure moment in a relationship that's left them vulnerable and I think this song captures that."<ref name=popcrush>{{cite web|url=http://popcrush.com/britney-spears-perfume/|title=Britney Spears, 'Perfume' - Song Review|last=Sciaretto|first=Amy|date=Nov3meber 3, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=mirror>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/britney-spears-perfume-lyrics-single-2673004|title=Britney Spears song Perfume is nearly here and we've got the full lyrics and the single artwork|last=Greenwood|first=Carl|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=[[Daily Mirror]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5778136/britney-spears-sprays-perfume-as-second-britney-jean-preview|title=Britney Spears Sprays 'Perfume' As Second 'Britney Jean' Preview|work=Billboard|date=November 3, 2013|accessdate=November 5, 2013|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason}}</ref> Produced by [[will.i.am]], [[Chris Braide]], and [[Keith Harris (producer)|Keith Harris]], the instrumentation infuses an orchestral [[piano]], soaring [[Strings (music)|strings]] and bubbling [[synthesizer]]s.<ref name=nydn/><ref name=ibtimes/> Braide was responsible for the vocal production, and commented to Bradley Stern of [[MuuMuse]]: "When I was producing her vocals, it was obvious to me why she's still one of the greatest pop stars ever. Unmistakably Britney, effortlessly iconic."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muumuse.com/2013/10/chris-braide-britney-spears-perfume-effortlessly-iconic-exclusive.html/|title=Excluusive: Chris Braide on Britney's "Perfume": "Effortlessly Iconic"|work=[[MuuMuse]]|last=Stern|first=Bradley|date=October 26, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> Lance Tolbert was responsible for the song's [[Key (music)|keys]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hpmusic.net/4796/new-song-britney-spears-perfume-co-produced-by-keith-harris-will-i-am/|title=New Song: Britney Spears – Perfume|author=Harris, Keith|authorlink=Keith Harris (producer)|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|work=Harris Productions}}</ref>

Lyrically, the song plays heavily on themes of jealousy and suspicion in a relationship.<ref name=lyrically>{{cite web|url=http://www.muumuse.com/2013/11/britney-spears-perfume-single-review.html/|title=Britney Spears, 'Perfume' (Single Review)|work=MuuMuse|accessdate=November 5, 2013}}</ref> The song starts with Spears singing, "Do I imagine it, or do I see your stare / Is there still longing there? / Oh I hate myself, and I feel crazy / Such a classic tale".<ref name=mirror/> [[Music critics|Critics]] noted the singer's vocals are surprisingly strong, and compared them to those of recording artist [[Gwen Stefani]].<ref name=nydn>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/review-britney-spears-over-emotional-perfume-article-1.1506038|title=Britney Spears' 'Perfume' is over-emotional departure from her last catchy single: Review|last=Farber|first=Jim|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]}}</ref><ref name=hitfix/> Regarding the lyrics, Amy Sciarretto of [[PopCrush]] wrote, "it's Brit's most lyrically weighty song in quite some time. In fact, this sounds like something we'd expect [[Kelly Clarkson]] or [[Carrie Underwood]] to record."<ref name=popcrush/> Spears told the [[Associated Press]] the song was about her split with Jason Trawick in January 2013, and commented, "I think it will make girls not feel alone in this situation. When they're alone in their room and they broke up with their boyfriend, they have a song they can go to and listen to, just makes them feel better about themselves."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/21/britney-spears-song-about-jason-trawick-split-britney-jean_n_4138119.html|title=Britney Spears' Song About Jason Trawick Split On 'Britney Jean'|last=Dixon|first=Louise|date=October 21, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=The Huffington Post}}</ref>

Melodically, "Perfume" is written in the key of E{{music|b}} major, and is set in the common time with a moderately slow tempo of 80 beats per minute. The song follows the sequence of A{{music|b}} - E{{music|b}} - B{{music|b}} - Fm7 as its chord progression, and Britney's voice spans from the low note of G3 to the high note of B{{music|b}}4.<ref>{{cite web|title=Perfume By Britney Spears - Digital Sheet Music|url=http://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtdFPE.asp?ppn=mn0126949|work=Musicnotes.com|accessdate=November 22, 2013}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Upon release, "Perfume" received general acclaim from [[music critics]], who noted the musical departure from its [[Electronic dance music|EDM]]-influenced predecessor, "[[Work Bitch]]" and praised Spears' vocal performance.<ref name="idolator1"/> Marc Hogan of ''Spin'' gave a generally positive review of "Perfume", complimenting Spears for conveying "the type of emotional vulnerability" that is not evident on most of her hit singles.<ref name="spin"/> Melinda Newman of ''HitFix'' lauded the song, stating Spears' vocal ability "is as strong as it has ever been" on the song and also stated it was Spears' "best song in years".<ref name=hitfix>{{cite web|last=Newman|first=Melinda|url=http://www.hitfix.com/news/listen-britney-spears-new-single-perfume-smells-like-a-hit|title=Listen: Britney Spears new single, Perfume, smells like a hit|work=[[Hitfix]]|date=October 29, 2013 |accessdate=November 5, 2013}}</ref> Robbie Daw of [[Idolator (website)|Idolator]] praised the song's lyrical content, however stated it "wouldn't exactly reshape Top 40 radio".<ref name="idolator1"/> Jason Lipshutz of ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' thought the song allowed Spears to momentarily discard the confident exterior of ‘Work Bitch’ and express vulnerability over ‘paranoid’ feelings about her romantic interest,"<ref name="idolator1"/> while Katie Atkinson of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' deemed the song "in the vein" of the singer's early ballads "[[Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know]]" (2000) and "[[Everytime]]" (2003).<ref name="idolator1"/> Joe Wilde of [[Contactmusic]] felt "Perfume" was similar to "[[Lucky (Britney Spears song)|Lucky]]" (2000), and deemed it "a much more delicate release" when compared to "Work Bitch".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/article/britney-spears-releases-new-song-perfume-britney-jean_3934902|title=Britney Spears Gets Personal On Latest Single 'Perfume'|last=Wilde|first=Joe|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=[[Contactmusic]]}}</ref> ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' journalist Mikael Wood noted that "Spears goes unexpectedly soft" on the song, adding that "she's pleading, not commanding. And that returns the star to the appealingly complicated zone of such tough/not-tough classics as 'Everytime' and '[[Piece of Me]]'."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-listen-britney-spears-new-song-perfume-20131105,0,4195753.story#axzz2juOJlstc|title=Britney Spears in 'Perfume': Now the singer's working|date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|last=Wood|first=Mikael}}</ref> Tarun Mazumdar of ''[[International Business Times]]'' said "Perfume" is like "like breathing fresh air" for not including "annoying electro beats and overly done [[dubstep]]".<ref name=ibtimes>{{cite news|url=http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/519618/20131105/britney-spears-perfume-review.htm#.Unq7YfmsjlU|title=Review: Britney Spears – ‘Perfume’ (Single) is a Spiritual Experience!|last=Mazumdar|first=Tarun|date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=International Business Times}}</ref> Mazudmar also wrote the song would be "memorable" as the singer hasn't released a ballad as a single in a long time.<ref name=ibtimes/>

A reviewer for [[Popjustice]] rated "Perfume" an 8 out of 10, and explained why he gave the song such rate: "1. The melody — it's a cracker. 2. The tempo — it's mid, but it's not boring. 3. The lyrics — they are quite touching if you've had a drink or two. And also well done Britney for: 4. The singing, which is very much on the right side of competent."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popjustice.com/songs/britney-spears-perfume/|title=Britney Spears – ‘Perfume’|work=[[Popjustice]]|date=November 3, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> Bill Lamb of [[About.com]] rated the song 3.5 out of 5 stars, praising the "drama in the lyrics" and "pulsating, intense production"; however, he criticized Spears' "weak vocals".<ref name=aboutcom>{{cite web|url=http://top40.about.com/od/singles/fl/Britney-Spears-Perfume.htm|title=Britney Spears - "Perfume"|date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013|work=[[About.com]]|last=Lamb|first=Bill}}</ref> Despite writing that the song "stands out from current pop hits both in being a ballad and in conveying dramatic feelings in a more complex, thoughtful manner than usual," Lamb thought the singer "sounds like she is so careful in sculpting her performance that she doesn't really feel the song."<ref name=aboutcom/> ''[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]'' contributor Jim Farber gave the song a mixed review, commenting that the song's production is "careful", and describing Spears as "pale" as she "overly ambitious [emotes]."<ref name=nydn/> Alexa Camp of [[Slant Magazine]] cited the lyrics "I put on my perfume/Yeah, I want it all over you/I'm gonna mark my territory" and commented that Spears "equates lingering fragrances to territorial pissings and [the song] effectively reveals Brit to be a water sports enthusiast."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/house/2013/04/single-review-britney-spears-perfume|title=Single Review: Britney Spears, "Perfume"|last=Camp|first=Alexa|work=[[Slant Magazine]]|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref>

== Music video ==
The music video was directed by [[Joseph Kahn]], who previously directed Spears' videos for "[[Stronger (Britney Spears song)|Stronger]]", "[[Toxic (song)|Toxic]]", and "[[Womanizer (song)|Womanizer]]". Spears stated: "We've had a lot of success together & there is nobody I trust more with this super personal song".<ref name=mysteryman>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Zach|title=Britney Spears Makes Out With a Mystery Man in the Desert for 'Perfume' Music Video Shoot|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/482996/britney-spears-makes-out-with-a-mystery-man-in-the-desert-for-perfume-music-video-shoot|accessdate=November 21, 2013|work=[[E! News]]|date=November 20, 2013}}</ref> Spears uploaded several pictures while on the set of the video on November 19, 2013 via [[Facebook]]. One picture showed Spears and her love interest making out in the middle of a desert while another saw them sitting on a [[rooftop]].<ref name=mysteryman /><ref>http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/britney-spears-kisses-mystery-man-for-music-video-shoot-in-desert-20132011</ref> After Day 1 ended, Khan tweeted: "Phenomenal performance by Britney Spears. Blown away".<ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/403133420215083009</ref> On November 20, 2013 (Day 2 of filming), several pictures from the shoot surfaced online, it showed Spears pointing a gun towards a man sitting inside the driver's seat of a car.<ref>http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2511010/Britney-Spears-shoots-man-new-Perfume-music-video.html</ref> On December 5, 2013, Spears uploaded a 36-second teaser of the video to her official YouTube account.<ref>https://twitter.com/britneyspears/status/408780321736257536</ref> That same day, Kahn tweeted that the final version of the video is "EXTREMELY different" than the original edit, adding: "Don't get me wrong. Official cut is still cool, I think. [I] Just love my original edit".<ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/408802026760327168</ref> On December 7, 2013; Spears uploaded a second teaser via her Instagram account and stated: "We've set a date! Perfume vid will premiere Tuesday [December 10, 2013] on VEVO. Had to dig deep and really play with some acting chops for this one!".<ref>https://twitter.com/britneyspears/status/409518245356396544</ref><ref>http://instagram.com/p/hpQyKsm8Hm/</ref> That same day, Khan tweeted: "Internet calm down. I never said I didn't like the #Perfume video. I said I preferred my very different cut but their cut is fine. Jeez.....Artists have the right to release their videos the way they want. I'm just a work for hire. It's their money & their career. No worries......That said, I fucking love my cut of #Perfume. One of the best things I've ever done. I'm happy it exists for my own eyes at least".<ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/409304530388406272</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/409305169055072256</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/409305581212532736</ref> When asked if the director's cut will be released in the future, Khan replied: "Nope. Probably never. Ever".<ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/409306215684907008</ref> On December 8, 2013; Spears uploaded a third teaser via Instagram.<ref>http://instagram.com/p/hrFU5om8ML/</ref> On December 9, 2013, the fourth and final teaser was premiered via [[MTV]].<ref>http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1718723/britney-spears-perfume-video-teaser-exclusive.jhtml</ref> On December 10, 2013, Khan tweeted: "Wish they'd release the director's cut of #perfume. Britney's performance is unbelievable. A true artist in it. Game changer. Official cut is a good video as you'll soon see. But it's a true loss not to see what she really did. It's incredible. Beyond other artists. But to be VERY honest. Some people would prefer the official version. It's prettier. Simpler. I like it. But I love [my] [director's cut] so much more. Maybe if your voice is loud enough they'll release it. But other than that, I just needed to tell the truth. Something amazing is waiting".<ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/410396437734649857</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/410397585002610688</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/410398946033274880</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/410400155444072449</ref> Following this, a Spears fan tweeted a link to a [[Petition]] urging RCA to release the director's cut; the petion's goal is to reach 1,000 signatures. Khan approved of the petition by re-tweeting it.<ref>https://twitter.com/HybridFan3/status/410431369236729856</ref> Following the video's release, Khan tweeted: "The director's cut is a minute longer and there's a very shocking ending. But not what you think. I call it BREAKING BADNEY".<ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/410501947112697857</ref> Later, a fan asked Khan what are the differences between the official version and the director's cut, Khan replied: "Lots of small changes that lead to big differences [as well as] big changes that tell a different story; More intense, more emotion, more tragic".<ref>https://twitter.com/JosephKahn/status/410582013230325761</ref> In an interview with VideoStatic, Khan mentioned the director's cut again, stating: "It sucks, especially since my director's cut is an entirely different video. The released edit is missing half of the story and all of the editorial structure. It took a lot of serious salvaging of footage to get it to an acceptable place after the concept was gutted. It's like watching people petting a shaved, bald, declawed cat. I don't gain any satisfaction from people liking work I did that's heavily compromised. I need to stand behind the work honestly ; otherwise I feel like a fraud. I guess people still like the video because of the gritty look which feels different, and the twist of the second girl in the second act. A narrative in two identical parts is still a solid idea even in compromised form. But it's such a faint reflection of the real narrative with broken execution and far less ambition. If they liked the weak version, I'd bet they'd love the strong one. No one knows what they're missing, and they're missing a lot".<ref>http://www.videostatic.com/interviews/2014/01/07/videostatic-interview-joseph-kahn</ref>

== Live Performances ==
The song was performed for the first time during Spears' Las Vegas residency concert [[Britney: Piece of Me]].

== Track listing ==
*'''Digital download'''
# "Perfume" – 3:59

*'''Official remixes'''
# "Perfume" (The Dreaming Mix)
# "Perfume" (Chew Fu Refix Extended Mix)
# "Perfume" (Chew Fu Refix Mixshow)
# "Perfume" (Chew Fu Refix Radio Edit)

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Chart (2013)
! scope="col" | Peak position
|-
!scope="row"| Australia ([[ARIA Charts|ARIA]])<ref name="ARIA Report 1238">{{cite web|title=Week Commencing ~ 18 November 2013 ~ Issue #1238|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20131124-0000/Issue%201238.pdf|work=[[Pandora Archive]]|accessdate=November 25, 2013}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"| 61
|-
{{singlechart|Austria|69|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 14, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Flanders Tip|11|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 30, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Wallonia|41|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 16, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Canada|70|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 16, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|France|34|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 16, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Germany2|78|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 13, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Irish|36|year=2013|week=45|accessdate=November 8, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Dutch100|100|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 8, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
!scope="row"| South Korea International Songs([[Gaon Chart|Gaon]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/digital_chart/index.php?nationGbn=E&current_week=47&current_year=2013&chart_Time=week |title=Gaon Digital Chart (2013년 11월 4주차)] |language=Korean|publisher=[[Gaon Chart]]|accessdate= November 21, 2013}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"| 6
|-
{{singlechart|Spain|13|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 17, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Swiss|74|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 13, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Billboardhot100|76|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 14, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
{{singlechart|Billboardpopsongs|22|artist=Britney Spears|song=Perfume|accessdate=November 21, 2013|rowheader=true}}
|-
|}

== Release history ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Country
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Format
!scope="col"|Label
|-
! scope="row"| Canada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.7digital.com/artist/britney-spears/release/perfume|title=Perfume (2013) - Britney Spears — MP3 Downloads|work=[[7digital]]|location=Canada|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013}}</ref>
| rowspan="5"| November 4, 2013
| rowspan="5"| [[Music download|Digital download]]
| rowspan="4"| [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]
|-
! scope="row"| France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.fr/dp/B00GFY8G4M|title=Perfume|language=French|accessdate=November 5, 2013|work=[[Amazon.com{{!}}Amazon.fr]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| Germany<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.de/dp/B00GFYE9TS|title=Perfume|accessdate=November 5, 2013|work=[[Amazon.com{{!}}Amazon.de]]|language=German}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| Italy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.it/dp/B00GFY6F5E|title=Perfume|language=Italian|accessdate=November 5, 2013|work=[[Amazon.com{{!}}Amazon.it]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.7digital.com/artist/britney-spears/release/perfume|title=Perfume (2013) - Britney Spears — MP3 Downloads|work=7digital|location=United States|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"| [[RCA Records|RCA]]
|-
!scope="row"| United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16691|title=Available for Airplay|work=[[FMQB{{!}}Friday Morning Quarterback]]|accessdate=November 5, 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1383673517584203&date=%400&fromform=1|archivedate=November 5, 2013}}</ref>
| November 12, 2013
| rowspan="2"| [[Contemporary hit radio]]
|-
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Britney Spears songs}}

[[Category:2013 singles]]
[[Category:2013 songs]]
[[Category:Britney Spears songs]]
[[Category:Music videos directed by Joseph Kahn]]
[[Category:RCA Records singles]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Chris Braide]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Keith Harris]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by will.i.am]]
[[Category:Songs written by Britney Spears]]
[[Category:Songs written by Chris Braide]]
[[Category:Songs written by Sia Furler]]
[[Category:Synthpop ballads]]

Video game addiction

2014-02-04T09:52:11Z

220.255.2.26: /* Possible disorder */

{{redirect|EverCrack|the video game frequently nicknamed EverCrack|EverQuest}}
{{Blacklisted-links|1=
*http://www.nowpublic.com/world/daniel-petric-halo-3-killer-gets-23-years-life-murder
*:''Triggered by <code>\bnowpublic\.com\b</code> on the local blacklist''|bot=Cyberbot II}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{See also|Internet addiction disorder|Computer addiction}}

'''Video game addiction''' is an excessive or compulsive use of [[PC game|computer game]]s or [[video game]]s, which interferes with a person's [[everyday life]]. Video game addiction may present as [[compulsive]] game-playing; [[social isolation]]; [[mood swing]]s; diminished [[imagination]]; and hyper-focus on in-game achievements, to the exclusion of other life events.<ref>[http://parents.berkeley.edu/advice/teens/gameaddiction.html Computer Game Addiction.] Berkeley Parents Network. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref><ref>Hauge, Marney R. and James Robert 'Paynee'. [http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/dgentile/SRCD%20Video%20Game%20Addiction.pdf Video game addiction among adolescents: Associations with academic performance and aggression.] Paper presented at a Society for Research in Child Development Conference, Tampa Florida. April, 2003. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref><ref name="Tanner2007" /> In May 2013, video game addiction was added to the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' in the Conditions for Further Study section as "Internet Gaming Disorder".

== Possible disorder ==

The American Psychiatric Association proposed that enough evidence exists to warrant inclusion of video game addiction in the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]''. However, some scholars suggest the effects (or symptoms) of video game overuse may be similar to those of other proposed [[Behavioral addiction|psychological addictions]].<ref name="Khan">Khan, Mohamed K. [http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/467/csaph12a07.doc Report of the council on science and public health.] 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref> Video game overuse may be like [[problem gambling|compulsive gambling]], an [[impulse control disorder]].<ref>Brown, Gerald L. [http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/psych-training/seminars/impulse%20control%20disorders%203-12-04.pdf Impulse control disorders: a clinical and psycho biological perspective] 15 March 2004 Retrieved 25 June 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/story/0,20867,20632039-27699,00.html Study finds computer addiction is linked to impulse control disorder] ''The Australian News'' 24 October 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref>

According to Griffiths<ref name="Griffiths">Griffiths, M.(2010)Online video gaming: what should educational psychologists know?. Educational Psychology in Practice, 26(1), 35–40. {{doi|10.1080/02667360903522769}}</ref>"all addictions (whether chemical or behavioural) are essentially about constant rewards and reinforcement". Griffiths <ref name=Griffiths/> believed that addiction has six components: salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse. Some scholars suggest that psycho-social dependence, if it occurs, may revolve around the intermittent reinforcements in the game and the need to belong.<ref name=Griffiths/> Some scholars claim that the social dependence that may arise from video games occurs online where players interact with others and the relationships "often become more important for gamers than real-life relationships".<ref name="Hagedorn">Hagedorn, W., & Young, T. (2011). Identifying and Intervening with Students Exhibiting Signs of Gaming Addiction and other Addictive Behaviors: Implications for Professional School Counselors. Professional School Counseling, 14(4), 250–260.</ref> However this is not a view which is generally accepted among all scholars. In fact, one of the most commonly used instruments for the measurement of such addiction, the PVP Questionnaire ([[Problem Video Game Playing Questionnaire]]; Tejeiro & Bersabe, 2002<ref name='pvp'>{{Cite web|url=http://hera.ugr.es/doi/15022742.pdf|title=Tejeiro-Salguero & Bersabé-Moran (2002). Measuring problem video game playing in adolescents|accessdate=2009-10-04}}</ref>) was presented as a quantitative measure, not as a diagnostic tool.

In 2007, the [[American Psychiatric Association]] reviewed whether or not video game addiction should be added in the new DSM to be released in 2012. The conclusion was that there was not enough research or evidence to conclude that video game addiction was a disorder.<ref name="Tanner2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19354827/|title=Is video-game addiction a mental disorder?|last=Tanner|first=Lindsey|date=22 June 2007|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=2009-05-09}}</ref><ref name=notenough1>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070625133354.htm
|title=American Psychiatric Association Considers 'Video Game Addiction'
|date=25 June 2007
|publisher=[[Science Daily]]
}}</ref><ref name=notenough2>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_story/0,3566,286948,00.html
|title=AMA Will Not Label Video-Game Playing as a Psychiatric Addiction
|date=28 June 2007
|publisher=[[Fox News Channel|FoxNews.com]]
}}</ref>
'''So reach out for yourself!''''''''Bold text'''''Bold text''''''

== Public concern and formal study ==
One meta-analytic review<ref name="Ferguson 1573–1576">{{cite journal|last=Ferguson |first=C.J.|coauthors=M. Coulson, J. Barnett Griffiths|year=2011|journal=Journal of Psychiatric Research|volume=45|issue=12|pages=1573–1576|url=http://www.tamiu.edu/~cferguson/Video%20Game%20Addiction.pdf}}</ref> of pathological gaming studies concluded that about 3.0% of gamers may experience some symptoms of pathological gaming. The report noted problems in the field with defining and measuring pathological gaming and concluded that pathological gaming behaviors were more likely the product of underlying mental health problems rather than the inverse.

A report by the Council On Science And Public Health to the AMA cited a 2005 [[Entertainment Software Association]] survey<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080131140453/http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/health/feeds/hscout/2007/06/22/hscout605801.html Video Game Overuse May Be an Addiction: Experts.]{{dead link|date=July 2010}} ''Forbes'' 22 June 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=HealthDay|url=http://www.dentalplans.com/articles/20277/video-game-overuse-may-be-an-addiction--experts.html|title=Video Game Overuse May Be an Addiction: Experts|date=22 June 2007|author=E.J. Mundell|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> of computer game players and noted that players of [[MMORPGs]] were more likely to play for more than two hours per day than other gamers. In its report, the Council used this two-hour-per-day limit to define "gaming overuse", citing the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] guideline of no more than one to two hours per day of "screen time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psychcentral.com/blog/images/csaph12a07.pdf|title=Emotional and Behavioral Effects, Including Addictive Potential, of Video Games|accessdate=31 January 2009}}</ref> However, the ESA document cited in the Council report does not contain the two-hour-per-day data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theesa.com/files/2005EssentialFacts.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080325220544/http://www.theesa.com/files/2005EssentialFacts.pdf|archivedate=25 March 2008|title=2005 SALES, DEMOGRAPHICS AND USAGE DATA (from archive.org)|accessdate=31 January 2009}}</ref>

In a 2005 [[Tom's Games]] interview, Dr. [[Maressa Orzack]] estimated that 40% of the  players of ''[[World of Warcraft]]'' (an MMORPG) were addicted, but she did not indicate a source for the estimate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.tomsgames.com/us/2006/08/08/world_of_warcraft_players_addicted/|title=Expert: 40 Percent of World of Warcraft Players Addicted|accessdate=31 January 2009}}{{dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref>
She may have derived the estimate from the informal survey managed by [[Nick Yee]] at [[The Daedalus Project]],<ref>Ferguson, Dylan. [http://web.archive.org/web/20070814140711/http://www.themanitoban.com/2006-2007/0328/121.World.of.warcrack.php World of Warcrack: the addictive power of role-playing games] ''The Manitoban Online'' 28 March 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref> who notes that caution should be exercised when interpreting that data.<ref>Yee, Nick. [http://www.nickyee.com/daedalus/archives/000818.php The Daedalus Project: Addiction] ''The Daedalus Project'' 9 July 2004</ref> Other critics have satirized the idea of MMORPG addiction, illustrating that the genre has built-in mechanisms for burning-out players, which is contrary to the concept of addiction. (check ref)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radoff.com/blog/2011/02/26/vicious-cycle-mmorpg-addiction/|title=Stages of MMORPG Addiction|accessdate=26 February 2011}}</ref>

A 2006 lecture reported by the [[BBC]] indicated that 12% of polled online gamers reported at least some addictive behaviours.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/nottinghamshire/6193462.stm Online gamers addicted says study.] ''BBC News'' 28 November 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref><ref name="7069OnlineSurveys">{{cite journal|last=Grüsser|first=S.M.|coauthors=R. Thalemann, M. D. Griffiths|date=April 2007|journal=CyberPsychology & Behavior|publisher=Mary Anne Liebert, Inc.|volume=10|issue=2|pages=290–292|url=http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/cpb.2006.9956?journalCode=cpb|accessdate=9 May 2009|doi=10.1089/cpb.2006.9956?journalCode=cpb}}</ref>
The lecturer, Professor Mark Griffiths of [[Nottingham Trent University]], stated in another BBC interview that addicts are "few and far between."<ref name="NotUnhealthy">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7621412.stm|title=Online gamers 'are not unhealthy'|date=17 September 2008|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-05-09}}</ref>

In 2007, Michael Cai, director of broadband and gaming for Parks Associates (a media/technology research and analysis company), said that "Video game addiction is a particularly severe problem in Asian countries such as China and Korea."<ref name="technews">Noyes, Katherine. [http://www.technewsworld.com/story/58014.html Docs Retreat From 'Video Game Addiction' Diagnosis] ''Tech News World'' 25 June 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2007.</ref>
Results of a 2006 survey suggested that 2.4% of South Koreans aged 9 to 39 suffer from game addiction, with another 10.2% at risk of addiction.<ref name="Faiola">Faiola, Anthony. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/26/AR2006052601960.html When Escape Seems Just a Mouse-Click Away -Stress-Driven Addiction to Online Games Spikes in S. Korea.] ''Washington Post Foreign Service'' 27 May 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref>

A 2007 [[Harris Interactive]] online poll of 1,187 United States youths aged 8–18 gathered detailed data on youth opinions about video game play. About 81% of youths stated that they played video games at least once per month. Further, the average play time varied by age and gender, from eight hours per week (responses from teen girls) to 14 hours per week (responses by teen boys).
"[[Preadolescence|Tween]]s" (8–12-year-olds) fell in the middle, with boys averaging 13 hours per week of reported game play and girls averaging 10.
Harris concluded that 8.5% "can be classified as pathological or clinically 'addicted' to playing video games", but did not explain how this conclusion was reached.<ref>[http://www.harrisinteractive.com/news/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=1196 Video game addiction: is it real?] ''Harris Interactive'' 2 April 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref>

Since the [[American Psychiatric Association]] decision in 2007, studies have been conducted at [[Stanford University School of Medicine]] related to video game play. Researchers found evidence that video games do have addictive characteristics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070625133354.htm |title=American Psychiatric Association Considers 'Video Game Addiction' |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=26 June 2007 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/2138 |title=Video Game Addiction: Mental Disorder? | Serendip's Exchange |publisher=Serendip.brynmawr.edu |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>
An MRI study found that the part of the brain that generates rewarding feelings is more activated in men than women during video game play.<ref name=stanford>{{cite web | author=MICHELLE L. BRANDT | title = Video games activate reward regions of brain in men more than women, Stanford study finds | publisher=Stanford University School of Medicine | url=http://med.stanford.edu/news_releases/2008/february/videobrain.html | year = 2008 | accessdate=2008-05-07}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3965269/Men-enjoy-computer-games-because-of-basic-urge-to-conquer.html
|title=Men enjoy computer games 'because of basic urge to conquer'
|date=26 December 2008
|work=The Daily Telegraph
| location=London
| first=Matthew
| last=Moore
| accessdate=27 May 2010
}}</ref>

The 2009 OSDUHS Mental Health and Well-Being Report, by the [[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health]] (CAMH) in Toronto, Ontario, showed almost 10% of 9,000 surveyed students from Grades 7 to 12 get at least 7 hours a day of "screen time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camh.net/research/osdus.html|title=Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey|publisher=Centre for Addiction and Mental Health|year=2009}}</ref> A little over 10% also reported having video gaming problems in the previous year. A recent article [[Pediatrics (journal)]] found a mild association between watching television or playing a video game and attention issues in more than 1,300 children ages eight to 11 years old. Children who played video games or watched television for more than the normal two hours a day maximum, which is recommended by the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] were 1.5 – 2 times more likely to show signs of attention issues, the researchers found. However, the study was further criticized in eLetters to the same journal for failing to use well-validated measures of attention problems or control for other important variables.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1542/peds.2009-1508 | title = Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 126 | issue = 2 | pages = 214–21 |date = August 2010| first = Edward | pmid = 20603258 | last = Swing | coauthors = Douglas A. Gentile, Craig A. Anderson, and David A. Walsh| id = | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/126/2/214?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Edward+Swing&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT | accessdate = 2010-09-19}}</ref> A more recent study using the Child Behavior Checklist and controlling for family and mental health variables, found no link between video game use and attention problems.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8T-51N0SSY-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F07%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=442964e8fba20bf0c76e306767ecedd9&searchtype=a|title=The influence of television and video game use on attention and school problems: A multivariate analysis with other risk factors controlled | first = Christopher| last = Ferguson| journal = Journal of Psychiatric Research | accessdate=1 January 2010| doi=10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.010|year=2010|volume=45|issue=6|pages=808–13|pmid=21144536}}</ref> Also, a study in Pediatrics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/peds.2009-2706v1|title=Video-Gaming Among High School Students: Health Correlates, Gender Differences, and Problematic Gaming
|accessdate=1 January 2010}}</ref> found problematic gaming behaviors to be far less common, about 4%, and concluded that such problems were the result of underlying mental health problems rather than anything unique to gaming.

Writing in the American Psychological Association journal Review of General Psychology's special issue on video games, Barnett and Coulson<ref name="Barnett">{{cite journal|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/gpr/14/2/167/|title=Virtually Real: A Psychological Perspective on Massively Multiplayer Online Games
| first = Jane| last = Barnett| coauthors = Mark Coulson| journal = Review of General Psychology| accessdate=1 January 2010}}</ref> expressed concern that much of the debate on the issue of addiction may be a knee jerk response stimulated by poor understanding of games and game players. Such issues may lead both society and scholars to exaggerate the prevalence and nature of problematic gaming, and overfocus on games specifically while ignoring underlying mental health issues.

=== Media coverage ===
The press has reported concerns over online gaming since at least 1994, when ''[[Wired Magazine]]'' mentioned a college student who was playing a [[MUD]] for 12 hours a day instead of attending class.<ref name="wired-article">{{cite journal
|author=[[Kevin Kelly (editor)|Kevin Kelly]], [[Howard Rheingold]]
|year=1993
|title=The Dragon Ate My Homework
|journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
|volume=1
|issue=3
|url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/1.03/muds.html
}}</ref>

Press reports have noted that some [[Finnish Defence Forces]] [[conscription|conscripts]] were not mature enough to meet the demands of military life and were required to interrupt or postpone military service for a year.
One reported source of the lack of needed social skills is overuse of computer games or the Internet.
''[[Forbes]]'' termed this overuse "Web fixations" and stated that they were responsible for 13 such interruptions or deferrals over the five years from 2000–2005.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/WHO+study+shows+Finnish+teenage+boys+as+heavy+computer+users/1076153407318
|title=WHO study shows Finnish teenage cartographers as heavy computer users
|publisher=Helsingin Sanomat
|accessdate=2007-07-17
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://members.forbes.com/forbes/2005/0509/054.html
|title=This Is Your Brain on Clicks
|work=Forbes
|author=Lea Goldman
|date=5 September 2005
|accessdate=2007-07-17
}}</ref>

In a July 2007 article, [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Western Australia|Western]] Australia, parents stated that their 15-year-old son had abandoned all other activities to play ''[[RuneScape]]'', a popular [[MMORPG]]. The boy's father compared the condition to heroin addiction.<ref>{{cite web|author=Braden Quartermaine |url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/story/0,21598,22073926-2761,00.html |title=Brian Quartermaine, Stress over teen's 'addiction', The Sunday Times (Perth), News.com.au, July 14, 2007 |publisher=News.com.au |date=14 July 2007 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>

In an April 2008 article, Telegram.co.uk reported that surveys of 391 players of ''[[Asheron's Call]]'' showed that 3% of the respondents suffered from agitation when they were unable to play, or missed sleep or meals to play. The article reports that [[University of Bolton]] lead researcher Dr. John Charlton stated, "Our research supports the idea that people who are heavily involved in game playing may be nearer to autistic spectrum disorders than people who have no interest in gaming."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3338422/Video-game-addiction-like-being-on-drugs.html|title=Video game addiction 'like being on drugs'|last=Fleming|first=Nic|date=3 April 2008|work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=2009-05-09 | location=London}}</ref>

On 6 March 2009, the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]'s national [[newsmagazine]] program ''[[The Fifth Estate (TV)|the fifth estate]]'' aired an hour-long report on video game addiction and the [[Brandon Crisp]] story, titled "Top Gun", subtitled "When a video gaming obsession turns to addiction and tragedy".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/2008-2009/top_gun/ |title=CBC/the fifth estate 'Top Gun' |publisher=CBC |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=2009-08-09 |deadurl=yes}} {{Dead link|date=September 2013|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>

On August 2010, ''Wired'' reported that a man in Hawaii, Craig Smallwood, sued the gaming company NCsoft for negligence and for not specifying that their game, Lineage II was so addictive. He alleged that he would not have begun playing if he was aware that he would become addicted. Smallwood claims to have played Lineage for 20,000 hours between 2004 and 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/08/lineage11-addiction/|title=Addicted Gamer Sues Game-Maker|last=Kravits|first=David|date=19 August 2010|work=Wired|accessdate=2011-03-21 | location=Hawaii}}
</ref>

In January 2012 a video on YouTube was released entitled, "IRL – In Real Life". The film attracted widespread coverage on television, radio and in newspapers around the world.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/irlmovie</ref> The film was made by graduate student film maker, Anthony Rosner. In the film he documents his experience with gaming addiction and how he was able to overcome it.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrKjNwejhfg</ref>

=== Governmental concern ===
The first video game to attract [[Video game controversy|political controversy]] was the 1978 [[arcade game]] ''[[Space Invaders]]''. In 1981, a political bill called the "Control of Space Invaders (and other Electronic Games) Bill" was drafted by British Labour Party MP [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock|George Foulkes]] in an attempt to ban the game for its "addictive properties" and for causing "deviancy". The bill was debated and only narrowly defeated in parliament by 114 votes to 94 votes.<ref>{{cite web|title=30 Great Gaming World Records|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/207943/features/30-great-gaming-world-records/|work=[[Computer and Video Games]]|accessdate=26 January 2012|date=14 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Electronic and Computer Games: The History of an Interactive Medium|journal=[[Screen (journal){{!}}Screen]]|year=1988|volume=29|issue=2|pages=52–73 [53]|doi=10.1093/screen/29.2.52|url=http://screen.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/2/52.extract|accessdate=25 January 2012|quote=In the UK, the Labour MP George Foulkes led a campaign in 1981 to curb the 'menace' of video games, maintaining that they had addictive properties. His 'Control of Space Invaders (and other Electronic Games) Bill' was put to the Commons and only narrowly defeated.}}{{Dead link|date=May 2012}}</ref>

In August 2005, the government of the People's Republic of China, where more than 20 million people play online games, introduced an online gaming restriction limiting playing time to three hours, after which the player would be expelled from whichever game they were playing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4183340.stm|title=China imposes online gaming curbs|publisher=BBC|date=25 August 2005}}</ref><ref>Dickie, Mure. [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/89ea206a-13f3-11da-af53-00000e2511c8.html China moves to zap online game addiction] ''Financial Times'' 23 August 2005. Retrieved 27 June 2007.</ref> In 2006, it relaxed the rule so only citizens under the age of 18 would face the limitations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/online-gaming-restrictions-eased|title=Online gaming restrictions eased|date=15 January 2006|accessdate =4 February 2009}}</ref><ref>Shang Koo. [http://www.pacificepoch.com/newsstories?id=51064_0_5_0_M GAPP Exempts Adults From Fatigue System] ''Pacific Epoch'' 16 January 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2007.</ref> Reports indicate underage gamers found ways to circumvent the measure.<ref>Zhengqian Zhou. [http://www.pacificepoch.com/newsstories?id=94553_0_5_0_M Industry Unfazed, Gamers Unconvinced About Fatigue System] ''Pacific Epoch'' 10 April 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2007.</ref> In July, 2007, the rule was relaxed yet again. Internet games operating in China must require that users identify themselves by [[JMSFZ#Identity card number|resident identity numbers]]. After three hours, players under 18 are prompted to stop and "do suitable physical exercise." If they continue, their in-game points are "slashed in half". After five hours, all their points are automatically erased.<ref name=3-rx>{{cite web | title =China Limits Teenage Internet Gaming | publisher=3-RX Health Encyclopedia | url=http://www.3-rx.com/ab/more/china-limits-teenage-internet-gaming/ | date = 17 July 2007 | accessdate=2 February 2009}}</ref>

In 2008, one of the five [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] Commissioners, [[Deborah Taylor Tate]], stated that online gaming addiction was "one of the top reasons for college drop-outs".<ref name=FCCspeech>{{cite web |url=http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-287221A1.pdf |title=Statement of Commissioner Deborah Taylor Tate at Practicing Law Institute on Telecom Policy and Regulation December 5, 2008 |accessdate=19 December 2008 |date=5 December 2008|quote=You might find it alarming that one of the top reasons for college drop-outs in the U.S. is online gaming addiction...}}</ref> However, she did not mention a source for the statement nor identify its position in relation to other top reasons.<ref name=FCCspeech /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3171777|title=FCC Commish Blames Online Gaming Addiction as a Top Cause for College Dropouts|date=11 December 2008|accessdate =4 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BTR/is_4_22/ai_84599442/|title=The dropout dilemma: One in four college freshmen drop out. What is going on here? What does it take to stay in?|date=March 2002|author=Jonathan Whitbourne|accessdate=4 February 2009 | work=Careers and Colleges}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08250/909977-298.stm|title=No simple explanation for college dropout rate|date=6 September 2008|accessdate =4 February 2009|author=Anya Sostek|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref>

== Possible symptoms ==
Excessive use of video games may have some or all of the [[symptoms]] of [[drug addiction]] or other proposed [[Behavioral addiction|psychological addictions]].
Some players become more concerned with their interactions in the game than in their broader lives.
Players may play many hours per day, neglect personal hygiene, gain or lose significant weight due to playing, disrupt sleep patterns to play resulting in [[sleep deprivation]], play at work, find themselves in the middle of nowhere looking into space for a considerable amount of time, avoid phone calls from friends, or lie about how much time they spend playing video games.<ref name="Tanner2007" /><ref name="7069OnlineSurveys"/> In one extreme instance, it was reported that a seventeen-year-old boy would play for periods of up to 15 hours, skipping meals and only stopping when he blacked out.
<ref>{{cite web|last=G|first=Krey|title=Bad Parenting Leads To 15 Hour A day Gaming Habit For Teen|url=http://www.hotbloodedgaming.com/2010/08/27/bad-parenting-leads-to-15-hour-a-day-gaming-habit-for-teen/|publisher=Hot Blooded Gaming|accessdate=2011-12-02}}</ref>

Other scholars have cautioned that comparing the symptoms of problematic gaming with problematic gambling is flawed, and that such comparisons may introduce research [[confounds and artifacts|artifacts]] and artificially inflate prevalence estimates. For instance Richard Wood has observed that behaviors which are problematic in regards to gambling may not be as problematic when put into the context of other behaviors that are rewarding such as gaming.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/kk6k288445l0h5x0/|title=Problems with the Concept of Video Game "Addiction": Some Case Study Examples
|accessdate=1 January 2010}}</ref> Similarly Barnett and Coulson have cautioned that discussions of problematic gaming have moved forward prematurely without proper understanding of the symptoms, proper assessment and consequences.<ref name="Barnett"/>

== Possible causes ==
Some theorists focus on presumed built-in reward systems of the games to explain their potentially addictive nature.<ref>Haggard, Daniel. [http://danielhaggard.com/24/the-computer-game-affliction-how-they-addict-you/ The computer game affliction: how they addict you.]. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref><ref>LeClaire, Jennifer. [http://www.technewsworld.com/story/52916.html Warning Signs Appear Along Road to Video Game Addiction] ''TechNews World''. 13 September 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref>
In reference to gamers such as one suicide in China, the head of one software association was quoted, "In the hypothetical world created by such games, they become confident and gain satisfaction, which they cannot get in the real world."<ref name="dangers">
{{cite web
|url=http://play.tm/news/5928/chinese-suicide-shows-addiction-dangers/
|title=Chinese suicide shows addiction dangers
|date=3 June 2005
|work=Play
}}</ref>

A high prenatal testosterone load may be a risk factor for the development of video game addiction in adulthood.<ref>[http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0079539#abstract0 J. Kornhuber, EM Zenses, B Lenz, C Stoessel, P Bouna-Pyrrou, F Rehbein, S Kliem, T Mößle (2013): Low digit ratio 2D:4D associated with video game addiction. PLoS ONE 2013; Vol. 8, Nr. 11: e79539]</ref>

Ferguson, Coulson and Barnett<ref name="Ferguson 1573–1576"/> in a meta-analytic review of the research, concluded that the evidence suggests that video game addiction arises out of other mental health problems, rather than causing them. Thus it is unclear whether video game addiction should be considered a unique diagnosis.

Researchers at the [[University of Rochester]] and Immersyve, Inc. (a Celebration, Florida, computer gaming [[Think-tank]]) investigated what motivates gamers to continue playing video games.
According to lead investigator Richard Ryan, they believe that players play for more reasons than fun alone.
Ryan, a motivational psychologist at Rochester, says that many video games satisfy basic psychological needs, and players often continue to play because of rewards, freedom, and a connection to other players.<ref>[http://ndri.com/article/cause_and_impact_of_video_games_addiction_-211.html Cause and Impact of Video Games Addiction.] All about Health, News, Articles, Discussion. 5 February 2007 Accessed 8 May 2008.</ref>

Michael Brody, M.D., head of the TV and Media Committee of the [[American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry]], stated in a 2007 press release that "... there is not enough research on whether or not video games are addictive." However, Dr. Brody also cautioned that for some children and adolescents, "... it displaces physical activity and time spent on studies, with friends, and even with family."<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.aacap.org/cs/2007_press_releases/child_and_adolescent_psychiatrists_react_to_ama_recommendation_on_video_games| title=Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists React to AMA Recommendation on Video Games|accessdate=31 January 2009|publisher=The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP)|date=28 June 2007}}</ref>

Dr. Karen Pierce, a psychiatrist at Chicago's [[Children's Memorial Hospital]], sees no need for a specific gaming addiction diagnosis. Two or more children see her each week because of excessive computer and video game play, and she treats their problems as she would any addiction. She said one of her excessive-gaming patients "...hasn't been to bed, hasn't showered...He is really a mess."<ref name="Tanner2007" />

== Prevention and correction ==

Some countries, such as South Korea, China, the Netherlands, Canada, and the United States, have responded to the perceived threat of video game addiction by opening treatment centers.<ref name="Faiola"/>

Because few clinical trials and no meta-analyses have been completed, research is still in the preliminary stages for excessive gaming treatment. The most effective treatments seem to be, as with addictions or dependencies, a combination of [[psychopharmacology]], [[psychotherapy]] and [[twelve-step program]]s.<ref name=health.am>{{cite web | author=Cindy Burkhardt Freeman | title = Internet Gaming Addiction Treatments | publisher=The Journal for Nurse Practitioners | url=http://www.health.am/psy/more/internet-gaming-addiction/P4/ | date = January 2008 | issue =1 |pages =42–47 | accessdate=2008-05-07}}</ref>

=== China ===
The Chinese government operates several clinics to treat those suffering from overuse of [[online game]]s, [[Online chat|chatting]] and [[web surfing]]. Treatment for the patients, most of whom have been forced to attend by parents or government officials, include various forms of pain or uneasiness.<ref>Humphrey Cheung.[http://www.tgdaily.com/games-and-entertainment-features/31056-china-electrocutes-the-wow-out-of-internet-addicts China electrocutes the WoW out of Internet addicts] 23 February 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref><ref>Sebag-Montefiore, Poppy. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/nov/20/news.china China's young escape into the web] ''Observer Guardian'' 20 November 2005. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref> In August 2009, Deng Sanshan was reportedly beaten to death in a correctional facility for video game and Web addiction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/01/ff_internetaddiction/|title=Obsessed with the Internet: A Tale from China|last=Stewart|first=Christopher S.|date=13 January 2010|unused_data=Magazine|work=Wired}}
</ref>

=== Netherlands ===
In June 2006, the Smith and Jones Clinic<ref name="SMITHJONES">{{cite web|url=http://www.smithandjones.nl |title=Smith and Jones clinic |publisher=Smithandjones.nl |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> in [[Amsterdam]] – which has now gone bankrupt – became the first treatment facility in Europe to offer a residential treatment program for compulsive gamers.<ref>Li C. Kuo. [http://uk.gamespy.com/articles/710/710909p1.html Europe Opens Its First Game Addiction Clinic]. ''Gamespy'' 1 June 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref>
[[Keith Bakker]], founder and former head of the clinic, has stated that 90% of the young people who seek treatment for compulsive computer gaming are not addicted.<ref>{{cite news|last=Maguire |first=Paddy |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7746471.stm |title=Technology | Compulsive gamers 'not addicts' |publisher=BBC News |date=25 November 2008 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>

=== United States ===

[[McLean Hospital]] in [[Belmont, Massachusetts]] has set up Computer Addiction Services.<ref name="CAS">{{cite web|author=David Wolf, 3b |url=http://www.computeraddiction.com/ |title=Computer Addiction Services |publisher=Computeraddiction.com |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> Elsewhere, gamers may seek services at generalized addiction support centers.

[[Online Gamers Anonymous]], an American non-profit organization formed in 2002, is a [[twelve-step program|twelve-step]], self-help, support and recovery organization for gamers and their loved ones who are suffering from the adverse effects of excessive computer gaming. The organization provides a variety of message boards, daily on-line chat meetings, a Saturday and Wednesday Skype meeting, and other tools for healing and support.

In July 2009, ReSTART, a [[residential treatment center]] for "pathological computer use", opened in Fall City, near Seattle, Washington.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://buzz.yahoo.com/article/1:yahoo_games_p893:f868dd25329b857949eb0108ec1a51c1/Internet-addiction-center-opens-in-US?ccs=1&ra=1|title=Internet addiction center opens in US|first=NICHOLAS K.|last=GERANIOS|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher = [[Yahoo]]|date=3 September 2009}}</ref>

[http://www.gamingaddiction.net Gaming Addiction 2012] promotes responsible gaming including internet games, online gambling, and fantasy sports. They offer surveys for gamers and people that care about gamers. They advocate a simple three pronged approach to responsible gaming: Understand what gaming is; Solve problems that are created by excessive gaming; act out the solution and live a healthier life free of gaming addiction.

=== Canada ===

At a Computer Addiction Services<ref name="CAS"/> center in [[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]], British Columbia, excessive gaming accounts for 80% of one youth counselor's caseload.<ref>Bennett, Nelson. [http://web.archive.org/web/20070926231747/http://www.richmond-news.com/issues06/122206/news/122206nn1.html When the game gets serious]. ''Richmond News'' 8 December 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref>

=== Australia ===
In 2012, Emil Hodzic formally launched the Video Game Addiction Treatment Clinic (www.videogameaddictiontreatment.com.au) in response to the growing need for individual and family based assistance. He is the first Psychologist in Australia to provide specialist psychological support, consultation and talks on this issue.

== Notable deaths ==
Globally, there have been deaths caused directly by exhaustion from playing games for excessive periods of time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4137782.stm |title=Technology | S Korean dies after games session |publisher=BBC News |date=10 August 2005 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2003/0501/vo2-4.html |title=Death by computer games |publisher=App1.chinadaily.com.cn |date=1 May 2003 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>
There have also been deaths of gamers and/or others related to playing of video games.

=== China ===
In 2007, it was reported that Xu Yan died in [[Jinzhou]] after playing online games persistently for over 2 weeks during the [[Chinese New Year|Lunar New Year]] holiday.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2184523/online-addict-games-himself
|title=Chinese gamer dies after 15-day session
|date=1 March 2007
|publisher=[[VNU|VNU.Net]]
}}</ref>
Later 2007 reports indicated that a 30-year-old man died in [[Guangzhou]] after playing video games continuously for three days.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2198850/chinese-man-dies-three-days
|title=Chinese gamer dies after three-day session
|date=17 September 2007
|publisher=[[VNU|VNU.Net]]
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,297059,00.html
|title=Chinese Man Dies From 3-Day Gaming Binge
|agency=Associated Press
|date=17 September 2007
| work=Fox News
}}</ref>

The suicide of a young Chinese boy in the Tianjin [[Direct-controlled municipality of the People's Republic of China|municipality]] has highlighted once more the growing dangers of game addiction, when those responsible do not understand or notice the risks of unhealthy play. Xiao Yi was thirteen when he threw himself from the top of a twenty-four story tower block in his home town, leaving notes that spoke of his addiction and his hope of being reunited with fellow cyber-players in heaven. The suicide notes were written through the eyes of a gaming character, so reports the ''China Daily'', and stated that he hoped to meet three gaming friends in the after life. His parents, who had noticed with growing concern his affliction, weren't mentioned in the letters.<ref name="dangers"/>

In March 2005, the BBC reported a murder in Shanghai, when Qiu Chengwei fatally stabbed fellow player Zhu Caoyuan, who had sold on eBay a dragon saber sword he had been lent in a ''[[Legend of Mir 3]]'' game,<ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4397159.stm
|title='Game theft' led to fatal attack
|date=31 March 2005
|publisher=BBC News
}}</ref> and was given a suspended death sentence.<ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4072704.stm
|title=Chinese gamer sentenced to life
|date=8 June 2005
|publisher=BBC News
}}</ref>

=== South Korea ===
In 2005, Seungseob Lee ([[Hangul]]: 이승섭) visited an [[Internet cafe]] in the city of [[Taegu]] and played ''[[StarCraft]]'' almost continuously for fifty hours.
He went into cardiac arrest, and died at a local hospital.
A friend reported: "...he was a game addict. We all knew about it. He couldn't stop himself."
About six weeks before his death, his girlfriend, also an avid gamer, broke up with him, in addition to him being fired from his job.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article553840.ece Korean drops dead after 50-hour gaming marathon] (London ''Times'') 10 August 2005</ref><ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/news/2005/09/12/news_6132357.html Korea Reacts to Increase in Game Addiction] ''(GameSpot)'' 12 September 2005</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4137782.stm S Korean dies after games session] 10 August 2005</ref>

In 2009, Kim Sa-rang, a 3-month-old Korean child, died from malnutrition after both her parents spent hours each day in an internet cafe raising a virtual child in an online game, ''[[Prius Online]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/05/28/south.korea.virtual.baby/|title=Jail for couple whose baby died while they raised online child|first=Andrew|last=Salmon|date=28 May 2009|publisher=CNN|accessdate=9 June 2010 | location=Seoul}}</ref>

=== Vietnam ===
An Earthtimes.org article reported in 2007 that police arrested a 13-year-old boy accused of murdering and robbing an 81-year-old woman.
A local policeman was quoted as saying that the boy "...confessed that he needed money to play online games and decided to kill and rob..." the victim.
The article further related a police report that the murder by strangling netted the thief 100,000 [[Vietnamese dong]] (US$6.20).<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/news/144906.html
|title=Vietnamese boy, 13, kills woman for money to play video games
|date=20 November 2007
|publisher=The Earth Times
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Independent Online |url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3&art_id=nw20071120091202808C962080 |title=News – World: Teen accused of killing for gaming money |publisher=Int.iol.co.za |accessdate=2009-08-09}}{{dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref>

=== United States ===
In November 2001 Shawn Woolley committed suicide due to the popular computer game ''[[Everquest]]''. Shawn’s mother said the suicide was due to a rejection or betrayal in the game from a character Shawn called "iluvyou".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/10/17/48hours/main525965.shtml |title=Addicted: Suicide Over Everquest? |date=11 February 2009 |publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref>

In February 2002, a Louisiana woman sued Nintendo because her son died after suffering seizures caused by playing [[Nintendo 64]] for eight hours a day, six days a week. Nintendo denied any responsibility.<ref name="Berghammer">{{cite web|title=http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/7043|url=http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/7043|publisher=[[Nintendo World Report]]|date=24 February 2002|last=Berghammer|first=Billy|accessdate=22 November 2010}}</ref>

Press reports in November 2005 state that Gregg J. Kleinmark, 24, pleaded "guilty to two counts of [[involuntary manslaughter]]". He "left fraternal twins Drew and Bryn Kleinmark unattended in a bathtub for 30 minutes, in order to go three rooms away and play on his [[Game Boy Advance]]" while "in the mean time, the two ten-months old kids drowned".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playfuls.com/news_3987_Twins_Die_Drowned_In_Bathtub_While_Father_Plays_On_GBA.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20051127035008/http://www.playfuls.com/news_3987.html |archivedate=27 November 2005 |title=Twins Die Drowned In Bathtub While Father Plays On GBA |date=25 November 2005 |publisher=Playfuls |accessdate=1 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://abclocal.go.com/wtvg/story?section=news/local&id=3655539 |title=Father Speaks on Loss and Guilt |date=21 November 2005 |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] |accessdate=1 February 2009}}</ref>

Ohio teen [[Daniel Petric Shooting|Daniel Petric]] shot his parents, killing his mother, after they took away his copy of ''[[Halo 3]]'' in October 2007.
In a sentencing hearing after the teen was found guilty of aggravated murder, the judge said, "I firmly believe that Daniel Petric had no idea at the time he hatched this plot that if he killed his parents they would be dead forever."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/teen-killed-mother-over-video-game/story-e6frfro0-1111118553464 |title=Ohio teenager Daniel Petric killed mother over Halo 3 video game |date=13 January 2009|accessdate=19 January 2009 | work=news.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cleveland.com/news/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/lorain/1229506385228270.xml&coll=2 |title=Lawyers to make closing remarks in Daniel Petric murder trial |date=17 December 2008 |accessdate=19 January 2009}}</ref> On 16 June 2009, Petric was sentenced to 23 years to life in prison.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://buzz.yahoo.com/article/1:y_news:80f2a3f04cc8d15b98c69b987d807345/Ohio-teen-who-killed-over-video-game-gets-23-years-AP |title=Ohio teen who killed over video game gets 23 years |last=SHEERAN |first=THOMAS J. |date=16 June 2009 |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nowpublic.com/world/daniel-petric-halo-3-killer-gets-23-years-life-murder |title=http://www.nowpublic.com/world/daniel-petric-halo-3-killer-gets-23-years-life-murder |last=Yerman |first=Jordan |date=16 June 2009 |publisher=NowPublic |accessdate=2010-05-25}}</ref>

In Jacksonville, Florida, Alexandra Tobias pleaded guilty to second-degree murder for shaking her baby to death. She told investigators that the baby boy's crying had interrupted her while she was playing a [[Facebook]] game called ''[[FarmVille]]''. She was sentenced to 50 years in December 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jacksonville mom who killed baby while playing FarmVille gets 50 years |date=1 February 2011 |url=http://jacksonville.com/news/crime/2011-02-01/story/jacksonville-mom-who-killed-baby-while-playing-farmville-gets-50-years |work=Jacksonville.com |accessdate=2013-10-03}}</ref>

A [[New Mexico]] woman named Rebecca Colleen Christie was convicted of [[second degree murder]] and [[child abandonment]], and sentenced to 25 years in prison, for allowing her 3 and a half-year-old daughter to die of malnutrition and dehydration while occupied with chatting and playing ''[[World of Warcraft]]'' online.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beta.news.yahoo.com/mexico-mom-gets-25-years-starving-daughter-145411042.html|title=New Mexico mom gets 25 years for starving daughter|date=3 June 2011|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
{{unreferenced|date=August 2013}}
* In the ''[[Boston Legal]]'' episode "Word Salad Days", a mother sues a video game company after her 15-year old son dies of a heart attack due to exhaustion from playing a game for two days straight.
* In [[L.A. 7]] episode, ''Game Boy'', Bradley becomes addicted to a game, forcing Tina, Hannah, and Paul to go look for Spike, the teen game designer who created the game.
* The ''[[South Park]]'' episode "[[Make Love, Not Warcraft]]" parodies many aspects of game addiction.
* The ''[[South Park]]'' episode "[[Guitar Queer-o]]" features a made-up game called "Heroin Hero", to which people develop a drug-like addiction.
* In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Marge Gamer]]", [[Marge Simpson|Marge]] suffers from overuse of an MMORPG.
* In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Lisa Gets an "A"]]", [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]] becomes addicted to a fictional video game called Dash Dingo (a parody of ''[[Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back]]'').
* In the ''[[CSI: Miami]]'' episode "[[Urban Hellraisers (CSI Episode)|Urban Hellraisers]]", a suspect is found dead after playing a game for seventy hours straight.
* The ''[[King of the Hill]]'' episode "[[Grand Theft Arlen]]" features [[Hank Hill|Hank]] addicted to a game called Pro-Pain, a parody of [[Grand Theft Auto series]].
* In the ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' episode "[[The Game (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|The Game]]", William Riker brings a video game from Risa. It stimulates specific parts of the brain, and almost all of the ''Enterprise'' crew become addicted to it.<ref>Erdmann, Terry J. and Block, Paula M. (2008). ''Star Trek 101: A Practical Guild to Who, What, Where, and Why'', p.92. Pocket Books, New York. ISBN 978-0-7434-9723-7.</ref>
* In ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'' episode "[[The Barbarian Sublimation]]", Penny becomes addicted to ''[[Age of Conan]]''.
* In the ''[[Law & Order: SVU]]'' episode "Bullseye", addiction to a fictitious [[Massively multiplayer online game|MMO]] leads a mother and her boyfriend to completely neglect their daughter, while trying to protect their virtual online son.
* in the British television series ''[[Red Dwarf]]'' the future scenario of total immersion gaming is considered along with the potential for addiction and possible misperceptions of an existence inside the game world.. Series 2 Episode [[Better Than Life (Red Dwarf)|Better than Life]]; Series 5 Episode [[Back to Reality (Red Dwarf)|Back to Reality]] This is considered in more depth in the novels based on the early series of the show, [[Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers]] and [[Better Than Life]] ''Red Dwarf'' novels.
* In ''[[Welcome to the NHK]]'', Tatsuhiro becomes addicted to an [[MMORPG]] which worsens his [[hikkikomori]] status.

== See also ==
* [[Social interaction in MMORPGs]]
* [[Computer addiction]]
* [[Information addiction]]
* [[Soft addiction]]
* [[Internet addiction disorder]]
* [[Online Gamers Anonymous]]
* [[Underearners Anonymous]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Library resources box
|onlinebooks=no
|by=no
}}
* [http://www.techaddiction.ca/ Video Game Addiction Treatment]
* [http://gamerwidow.com/ Gamerwidow.com]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrKjNwejhfg IRL – In Real Life]
* [http://blogote.com/ideas/addicted-to-gaming-get-rid-of-gaming-addiction-video/4495/ Stop Gaming Addiction]
* [http://www.nickyee.com/daedalus/ The Daedalus Project]
* [http://www.stopvideogameaddiction.com/ Video Game Addiction]
* [http://www.prischew.com/techgames/how-to-fight-smartphone-gaming-addiction/ Fighting Gaming Addiction]
* [http://www.theparentreport.com/resources/ages/preteen/kids_culture/130.html Video Game Addiction Article at The Parent Report]
* {{cite journal|url=http://pss.sagepub.com/content/20/5/594.full|title=Pathological Video-Game Use Among Youth Ages 8 to 18:A National Study|pmid=19476590|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x|year=2009|last1=Gentile|first1=D|volume=20|issue=5|pages=594–602|journal=Psychological science : a journal of the American Psychological Society / APS}}

{{Addiction}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Video Game Addiction}}
[[Category:Behavioral addiction]]
[[Category:Video game culture]]

Michelle Chia

2013-01-17T13:11:12Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox Chinese-language singer and actor 
| name = Michelle Chia
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| tradchinesename = 謝韻儀
| simpchinesename = 谢韵仪
| pinyinchinesename = Xiè Yùnyí
| jyutpingchinesename =
| pojchinesename =
| birth_name = Chia Wan Yi
| ancestry =
| origin =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|09|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Singapore]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Host, Actress
| genre =
| instrument =
| voicetype =
| label =
| yearsactive = 1980s-present
| currentmembers =
| pastmembers =
| associatedact =
| spouse = [[Shaun Chen]] (2003-2011)
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| influences =
| influenced =
| website =
| alias =
| hongkongfilmwards =
| goldenbauhiniaawards =
| hkfcsawards =
| asianfilmawards =
| goldenhorseawards =
| goldenroosterawards =
| hundredflowersawards =
| rthktop10goldsongsawards =
| goldenmelodyawards =
| mtvasiaawards =
| ntsawards =
| goldenbellawards =
| tvbanniversaryawards =
| magnoliaawards =
| asiantvawards =
| rainbowawards =
| awards =
}}

'''Michelle Chia''' ({{zh|s=谢韵仪|p=Xiè Yùnyí}}) is a Singaporean actress and television host.

==Career==
Chia started her career as a child actor with [[Singapore Broadcasting Corporation|SBC]].<ref>{{cite news|title=昔日童星今年红星?|url=http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/zh/celebrity/buzz/asia/photos.aspx?cp-documentid=5098171&page=1|publisher=xin.msn.com|date=5 August 2011}}</ref> She later joined [[Television Corporation of Singapore|TCS]] (predecessor of [[MediaCorp]]) after finishing her schooling. In 2000 she switched to [[SPH MediaWorks]] but was transferred back to MediaCorp when it absorbed MediaWorks.<ref name="nst">{{cite news|title=I don't need to be a super star|url=http://justwoman.asiaone.com/print/Just%2BWoman/News/Celebrities/Story/A1Story20070612-14431.html|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]|date=16 April 2007}}</ref>

In May 2012, Chia's contract with MediaCorp expired. She had declined to renew it, stating that she wanted to temporarily "take a break" from showbiz.<ref>{{cite news|title=Michelle Chia wants a break from work|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20120502-343402.html|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]|date=3 May 2012}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Chia was educated at [[Raffles Girls' Primary School]] and [[Bowen Secondary School]] and briefly studied business at [[Temasek Polytechnic]] before dropping out to join [[Television Corporation of Singapore|TCS]].<ref name="nst"/>

In 2009 Chia married fellow MediaCorp actor [[Shaun Chen]], whom she first met while with [[SPH MediaWorks]]. Their wedding was televised live on [[Mediacorp Channel 8|Channel 8]] variety segment "Go Live!" (综艺Go Live!) and was hosted by colleagues [[Guo Liang]], [[Lee Teng (actor)|Lee Teng]] and [[Pornsak Prajakwit|Pornsak]].

The couple divorced in April 2011 but insist that they are still friends and that it was a mutual decision.<ref>{{cite news|title=Michelle Chia and Shaun Chen announce divorce|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/entertainment/view/1125500/1/.html|publisher=[[Channel News Asia]]|date=28 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Michelle Chia and Shaun Chen speak up on their divorce|url=http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/celebrity/buzz/asia/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4804309|publisher=xin.msn.com|date=28 April 2011}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Work !! Work !! Notes
|-
| 1984 || ''[[The Awakening (Singapore TV)|The Awakening II]]'' 雾锁南洋 || ||
|-
| 1985 || ''Home is Where Love is'' 吾爱吾家 || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1986 || ''The Sword and the Song'' 绝代双雄 || ||
|-
| ''Family Hour'' 我爱旧家园 || ||
|-
| 1987 || ''Painted Faces'' 戏班 || ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Airforce (TV series)|Airforce]]'' 空军 || A student ||
|-
| 1995 || ''Over the Horizons'' 展翅高飞 || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2004 || ''Two of a Kind'' 双响炮 || ||
|-
| ''Power of Love'' 甜蜜风暴 || ||
|-
| ''[[Zero (SPH TV series)|Zero]]'' 零楼 || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2005 || ''[[Yummy Yummy]]'' || Yuko 梁凱珊 || Singapore-Hong Kong co-production
|-
| ''Destiny'' 梦在手里 || ||
|-
| ''Lifeline'' || || [[Mediacorp Channel 5|Channel 5]] production
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2008 || ''[[Taste of Love]]'' 缘之烩 || Yu Lingzhi ||
|-
| ''[[Perfect Cut]]'' 一切完美 || Kelly Lim || [[Mediacorp Channel U|Channel U]] production
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2009 || ''My A-Go-Go Princess'' 穿越阿哥哥 || Liu Xiangmei 刘香妹 || Sitcom
|-
| ''[[Perfect Cut]] II'' 一切完美2 || Kelly Lim || Channel U production
|-
| ''Polo Boys'' || Diane Lee || Channel 5 production
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Let's Play Love]]'' PK爱情 || Coco || [[Web series]]
|}

==Awards and Nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Work !! Result
|-
| 1999 || Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{won}}
|-
| 2005 || Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{won}}
|-
| 2006 || Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{won}}
|-
| [[Star Awards 2007|2007]] || Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{won}}
|-
| 2009 || Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Star Awards 2010|2010]] || Best Info-Ed Show Host || Stars for a Cause 明星志工队 || {{nom}}
|-
| Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{won}}
|-
| [[Star Awards 2011|2011]] || Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{won}}
|-
| [[Star Awards 2012|2012]] || Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes || || {{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/celebrity/bios/Michelle-Chia.aspx Profile] on xin.msn.com

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Chia, Michelle
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1975
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Singapore
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chia, Michelle}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singaporean television actors]]
[[Category:Singaporean television personalities]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Chinese descent]]

Im Yoon-ah

2013-01-15T10:49:18Z

220.255.2.26: /* Television drama */

{{Korean name|Im}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Im Yoona
| background = solo_singer
| image = Yoona,LG 3D, snsd.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = 임윤아
| alias = Yoona, YoonA, Deer Yoona, Yoon-Ah, Nam Choding, Him Yoona, Alligator Yoona, Yoong, Saseumi, Im-choding, Saebyuk
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|05|30|mf=y}}
| origin = [[Seoul, South Korea]]
| occupation = [[Singer]], [[actress]], [[dancer]], [[promotional model]], [[TV presenter]], [[rapper]]
| genre = [[K-pop]], [[dance-pop]]
| years_active = 2004 (model) 2007-Present (singer & actress)
| label = [[SM Entertainment]]
| associated_acts = [[Girls' Generation]] [[SM Town]]
| website = [http://girlsgeneration.smtown.com Official website] [[File:Yoona signature.jpg|150px]] Signature of Yoona
}}
{{Contains Korean text}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|title=Im Yoona
|color=khaki
|hangul={{linktext|임|윤|아}}
|hanja={{linktext|林|潤|娥}}
|rr=Im Yun-a
|mr=Im yoon a
}}

'''Im Yoona''' ([[Hangul|Korean]]: {{linktext|임|윤|아}}; born May 30, 1990), also '''Im Yoon-Ah''', is a [[South Korean idol]] [[singer]], [[dancer]], [[actress]] and [[promotional model]]. She made her debut as an actress in the 2007 [[Korean drama|drama]], ''9 Ends, 2 Outs''.<ref>{{ko icon}} [http://www.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=2007072307517 ‘소녀시대’ 윤아, MBC ‘9회말 2아웃’ 브라운관 데뷔], hankyung.com.</ref><ref>{{ko icon}} [http://www.mtv.co.kr/tv/girlsgeneration/content.php?pid=26&m_sq=75 Yoona's profile at MTV.co.kr]</ref> Yoona is currently a member and lead dancer<ref>http://snsdkorean.com/snsd-members/snsd-yoona-profile/</ref> of the popular Korean [[girl group]] [[Girls' Generation]].

Yoona was placed number 50 on TC Candler's list of 100 most beautiful faces in 2012.<ref>http://www.tccandler.com/</ref> Yoona is often referred to as the "visual" or "center" of the group.<ref>http://snsdkorean.com/2010/05/27/you-are-the-one-in-the-centre-you-are-snsds-image/</ref><ref>http://snsdkorean.com/snsd-members/snsd-yoona-profile/</ref>

==Biography==
Yoona was born on May 30, 1990,<ref>http://girlsgeneration.smtown.com/profile</ref> in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]. She was cast in 2002 SM Saturday Open Casting Audition and began to train with the other trainees under [[SM Entertainment]] in the areas of [[acting]], [[singing]] and [[dancing]]. She has trained with SM for 5 years, after which she joined and debuted under [[Girls' Generation]].

In 2009, she graduated in Daeyoung High School and is currently attending [[Dongguk University]] majoring in theater and music, along with fellow Girls' Generation member, [[Seohyun]].<ref>[http://www.allkpop.com/2009/02/yoona_and_soo_young_graduates_from_high_school YoonA and Soo Young Graduates From High School]</ref>

==Career==
===Girls' Generation===
{{Main|Girls' Generation}}
In 2002, Yoona joined [[SM Entertainment]] Saturday Open Casting Audition, in which she sang WAX's "Please", danced Britney Spears' "Oops..! I did it again" and BoA's "Valenti".{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} Later, she began to train under SM Entertainment with the other trainees in the areas of [[acting]], [[singing]] and [[dancing]]. In 2007, Yoona was chosen as a member of the group Girls' Generation. The 9-member girl group debuted on August 5, 2007.

===Acting===
Yoona made her debut as an actress in 2007 with the drama ''9 Ends, 2 Outs''.<ref name="Hankyung">{{ko icon}} [http://www.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=2007072307517 ‘소녀시대’ 윤아, MBC ‘9회말 2아웃’ 브라운관 데뷔 ('' 'Girls' Generation SNSD, MBC '9 End 2 Outs' Debut Tube '')] ''HanKyung.com''. July 23, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2010.</ref> In 2008, Yoona acted in the drama ''Woman of Matchless Beauty'' before her first leading role in the daily drama '' You Are My Destiny'' which she won her important recognitions in acting.<ref>{{ko icon}} [http://www.eto.co.kr/?Code=20080429075732167&ts=165409 소녀시대 윤아, '너는 내 운명'으로 첫 주연 (''SNSD Yoon Ah, 'You Are My Destiny (너는내운명)' first lead role in'')] ''ETO''. April 29, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 1521.</ref> YoonA filmed her 2009 drama ''Cinderella Man'' (신데렐라맨) alongside with [[Kwon Sang-woo]].

In 2011, Yoona was cast in a lead role with [[Jang Geun Suk|Jang Keun Suk]] in the drama entitled ''Love Rain''. The drama began broadcasting on March 26, 2012 on [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS2]]. ''Love Rain'' is a fantasy drama about fate and how the offspring of a previous ill-fated couple who met in the 1970s, also manage to fall in love with each other.

===Television===
Yoona was a guest on [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS TV]] ''[[Family Outing]]'' which ended February 14, 2010, and a permanent cast member on ''[[Family Outing 2|Family Outing Season 2]]'' with Yoon Sang-hyun, Kim Won-hee, Ji Sang-ryeol, Shin Bong-seon, Jang Dong-Min, [[Super Junior]]'s [[Kim Heechul]], [[2AM]]'s [[Jo Kwon]] and [[2PM]]'s [[Taecyeon|Ok Taecyeon]].<ref>{{ko icon}} Official ''Good Sunday'' page. [http://wizard2.sbs.co.kr/w3/template/tpl_iframetype.jsp?vVodId=V0000330171&vProgId=1000425&vMenuId=1007760 The Family]. ''[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]''. Retrieved June 7, 2010</ref><ref>{{ko icon}} {{cite news|url=http://kr.news.yahoo.com/service/news/shellview.htm?articleid=20100119135318876b6&linkid=4&newssetid=1352|title=조권 합류로 '패떴2' 출연진 7명 확정 |date=January 19, 2010|publisher=''[[Yahoo!]] Korea News''|accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref> The program ended its run on July 11, 2010 after 5 months.

On December 24, 2011 she was an MC for ''2011 KBS Entertainment Awards'' together with Shin Dong Yeob & Lee Ji Ae. She was also an MC for ''2011 [[SBS Gayo Daejeon]]'' together with [[Song Ji Hyo]] and [[Lee Seung Gi]]<ref>[http://snsdkorean.com/2011/12/28/yoona-to-mc-2011-sbs-gayo-daejun/ Yoona to MC 2011 SBS Gayo Daejun]</ref> and for 2012 [[KBS Gayo Daechukje|KBS Gayo Daejun]] together with [[Jung Yong-hwa|Jung Yong Hwa]] & [[Sung Si-kyung|Sung Si Kyung]].<ref>[http://soshified.com/2012/12/yoona-nominated-in-2012-kbs-drama-awards-and-will-mc-for-2012-kbs-gayo-daechukje Yoona Nominated in 2012 KBS Drama Awards and Will MC for 2012 KBS Gayo Daechukje]</ref>

===Promotion===
Before her debut with Girls' Generation, Yoona had been well known in the entertainment industry as she began to film commercials and model for various magazines when she was a trainee with SM Entertainment. Apart from Girls' Generation's commercials, she is currently a model for [[Clean & Clear]], YeJiMin Pad, Innisfree Cosmetics, [[S-Oil]], Eider, [[Ciba Vision]]’s DAILIES & FreshLook Contact Lenses.

In May 2008, she with fellow Girls' Generation members [[Tiffany Hwang]], [[Jessica Jung]] and [[TVXQ]] members participated in a TV ad for Haptic Motion. Along with her fellow member [[Choi Sooyoung]], she modeled for the '08-09 F/W SFAA Seoul Collection – Lee Joo-Young Fashion Show' at Seoul Hakyohul Exhibition Hall on March 20, 2008.

On March 29, 2010,Yoona, along with members [[Kim Taeyeon]], [[Kwon Yuri]], [[Seohyun]], and [[Choi Sooyoung]], was hired by [[Nintendo]] Korea as campaign models for the portable game console, [[Nintendo DSi]].<ref>{{ko icon}} [http://www.todaykorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=105176 소녀시대 ‘닌텐도 DS Crimson/Black’ 모델 발탁! (''SNSD Chosen as Models for Nintendo DSi'')]. ''TodayKorea''/''Newsen''. March 29, 1010. Retrieved on April 14, 2010.</ref>

In April 2010, with fellow members [[Kwon Yuri]] and [[Seohyun]], along with [[2PM]] members [[Nichkhun]], [[Ok Taecyeon]] and [[Hwang Chansung]], she filmed a commercial for [[Everland]]'s ''[[Caribbean Bay]]''. The commercial was released in mid-May and is accompanied by the song "Cabi Song''.<ref>{{ko icon}} [http://www.newscj.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=43401 소녀시대-2PM ‘캐비’ M/V서 섹시한 라이프 가드로 변신], newscj.com, May 7, 2010</ref><ref>{{ko icon}} [http://sstv.freechal.com/index.html?page=news/flypage&cid=16&nid=82646 소녀시대 유리, 머리카락 넘기는 모습도 '섹시'], SSTV</ref>

Yoona was chosen along with Korean celebrities such as Rain, [[Kim Hee-Sun]], [[Ji Jin-Hee]], [[Ha Ji-won]], [[Son Ye-Jin]], [[Kim Hyun-Joong]] and [[Yunho]] to be the model of Cartier's LOVE collections. Proceeds from the sale of the bracelets will go to the international organization [[International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute (IVI)]].

Yoona released her first solo song "Innisfree Day" on August 30, 2010 for the Eco Handkerchief's promotion of Innisfree Cosmetics.

==Discography==
{{Main|Girls' Generation discography}}

===Solo discography===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#B0C4DE" align="center"
! Year
! Title
! Song
! Duration
! Artist
|-
| 2010 || Innisfree || Innisfree Day || 03:42 || Solo
|}

==Filmography==
===Television drama===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#B0C4DE" align="center"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! Network
|-
| 2007 || ''9 Ends 2 Outs'' || Shin Joo Young || Supporting Role || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Unstoppable Marriage]]'' || BoolGwangDong (seven princess) || Cameo || [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2008 || ''Woman of Matchless Beauty'' || Mi Ae || Cameo || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]
|-
| ''[[You Are My Destiny (TV series)|You Are My Destiny]]'' || Jang Sae Byuk ||Lead Role || [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Cinderella Man (TV series)|Cinderella Man]]'' || Seo Yoo Jin ||Lead Role || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Love Rain]]'' || Kim Yoon Hee/Jung Ha Na ||Lead Role ||[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS2]]
|}

===Television series===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#B0C4DE" align="center"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! Network
|-
| 2009 || ''[[We Got Married]] Season 1'' || Herself || Episode 42, 45 & 49 || [[MBC]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Family Outing 2]]'' || Herself || Permanent Member || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[We Got Married]] Season 2'' || Herself || Episode 69 (On Stage) || [[MBC]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Running Man (TV series)|Running Man]]'' || Herself || Guest (Episode 39, 63 & 64) || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
|}

===Music videos===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#B0C4DE" align="center"
! Year
! Song
! Artist
! Role
|-
| 2004 || Magic Castle || [[TVXQ]] || Herself
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2006 || U || [[Super Junior]] || Herself
|-
| My Everything || [[The Grace (band)|The Grace]] || Herself
|-
| 2007 || Marry U || [[Super Junior]] || Herself
|-
| 2008 || Propose || [[Lee Seung-Cheol]] || Herself
|-
| 2009 || That Guy's Woman || [[24/7]] || Herself
|-
| 2010 || Caribbean Bay || [[Girls' Generation]] and [[2PM]] || Herself
|-
| 2011 || [[replay (Kimi wa Boku no Everything)|Replay (Japanese Ver.)]] || [[SHINee]] || Herself
|}

===MC===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#B0C4DE" align="center"
! Date
! Event
|-
| December 26, 2009 || KBS Entertainment Awards
|-
| November 14, 2010 || Love Sharing
|-
| December 24, 2011 || KBS Entertainment Awards
|-
| December 29, 2011 || SBS 'Gayo Daejun'
|-
| December 28,2012 || KBS Gayo Daechukje
|}

==Endorsements==
* [2004-2008] Elite Uniform Model
* [2006] Teun Teun English "Follow Me"
* [2006] Sanyo Eneloop Rechargeable Battery
* [2006-2007] Elite (with [[SS501]])
* [2007] [[Sunkist (soft drink)|Sunkist]] [[Lemonade]] (with [[Heechul]] & [[Kangin]])
* [2008] Solar-C Vitamin
* [2008] Elite Uniform (with [[2PM]])
* [2008-2009] [[Clean & Clear]] (with [[Kim So Eun|So Eun]])
* [2008-2010] YeJiMin
* [2009-2012] Innisfree
* [2010] [[S-Oil]]
* [2010] Caribbean Bay (with [[2PM]])
* [2011-2012] [[Eider (brand)|EIDER]] (with [[Lee Min-ho (actor born 1987)|Lee Minho]])
* [2012] [[Ciba Vision]]'s FreshLook & Dailies

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Organization
!Category
!Nominated Work
!Result
|-
|rowspan="3" | 2008 || rowspan="2" | [[KBS Drama Awards]] || Best New Actress || rowspan="5" | [[You Are My Destiny (TV series)|You Are My Destiny]] || {{won}}
|-
| Netizen Award || {{won}}
|-
| Korean Drama Festival || Netizen Award || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2009 || rowspan="3" | [[Baeksang Arts Awards]] || Best New Actress || {{won}}
|-
| Popularity Award || {{won}}
|-
| 2010 || Popularity Award || [[Cinderella Man (TV series)|Cinderella Man]] || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="3" | 2012 || [[Mnet 20's Choice Awards]] || 20's Female Drama Star || rowspan="3" | [[Love Rain]] || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[KBS Drama Awards]] || Excellence Award (Mini Series) || {{nom}}
|-
| Netizen Award || {{won}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Commons category|Im Yoon-Ah}}
* {{Hancinema person|Yoona|Im Yoon-Ah}}

{{Girls' Generation}}

{{Persondata
|NAME = Im, Yoon-Ah
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = YoonA
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[South Korea]]n [[singer]], [[actress]]
|DATE OF BIRTH = 
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[South Korea]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Im, Yoona}}
[[Category:Girls' Generation members]]
[[Category:Korean-language singers]]
[[Category:Japanese-language singers]]
[[Category:South Korean idols]]
[[Category:South Korean female singers]]
[[Category:South Korean rhythm and blues singers]]
[[Category:South Korean film actors]]
[[Category:South Korean television actors]]
[[Category:South Korean television presenters]]
[[Category:South Korean television personalities]]
[[Category:South Korean female models]]
[[Category:South Korean Christians]]
[[Category:Dongguk University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Seoul]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Running Man (TV series) contestants]]

[[ar:آيم يونا]]
[[bg:Юна (певица)]]
[[de:Yoona]]
[[es:Yoona]]
[[fr:Yoona]]
[[ko:윤아]]
[[id:Yoona]]
[[jv:Yoona]]
[[ms:Yoona]]
[[mn:Им Юна]]
[[ja:ユナ (少女時代)]]
[[pt:Yoona]]
[[simple:Im Yoona]]
[[fi:Yoona]]
[[th:อิม ยุน-อา]]
[[bug:Yoona]]
[[vi:Yoona]]
[[zh:林潤娥]]

SriLankan Airlines

2013-01-12T12:56:07Z

220.255.2.26: /* Current fleet */

{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{fanpov|date=January 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox Airline
|airline = SriLankan Airlines
|logo = SriLankan Airlines Logo.svg
|logo_size = 150
|IATA = UL
|ICAO = ALK
|callsign = SRILANKAN
|founded = 1947 (as [[Air Ceylon]])
|commenced = July 1979
|hubs = <div>
*[[Bandaranaike International Airport|Colombo-BIA]]
*[[Hambantota International Airport|Hambantota-HIA]] (opens 21 January 2013)
</div>
|focus_cities = [[Suvarnabhumi Airport]] (Bangkok)
|frequent_flyer = [[#Frequent flyer program|FlySmiLes]]
|lounge = Serendib Lounge
| alliance = [[Oneworld]] (2013)
|subsidiaries = [[Mihin Lanka]]
|fleet_size = 22<ref name="fleet1">[http://www.srilankan.com/about-srilanka/fleet.html Fleet – About SriLankan – SriLankan Airlines]</ref><ref name="fleet2">[http://riseoflanka.blogspot.com/2011/08/sri-lankan-airlines-to-expand-fleet-to.html Sri Lankan Airlines to expand fleet to 30 aircraft adding six Boeing 777] Rise of Lanka, 21 August 2011</ref><ref name="fleet3">[http://www.lbo.lk/fullstory.php?nid=1956040026 Sri Lanka national carrier boosts fleet] Lanka Business Online, 4 May 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=24550 Sri Lankan Airlines’ fleet is now largest in history] The Island, 4 May 2011</ref>
|destinations = 61 (+13 planned)<ref name="fleet3">[http://riseoflanka.blogspot.com/2011/09/sri-lankas-national-carrier-begins.html Sri Lanka's national carrier begins flights to Moscow] Rise of Lanka, 18 September 2011</ref><ref name="routemap"/>
|company_slogan = ''You're Our World''
|headquarters = Airline Centre [[Bandaranaike International Airport]] [[Katunayake]], [[Sri Lanka]]<ref>{{cite web| title=Airline Membership| work=IATA| url=http://www.iata.org/membership/Pages/airline_members_list.aspx?All=true}}</ref>|
|website = [http://www.srilankan.lk srilankan.lk]
|key_people = Nishantha Wickramasinghe (Chairman)<ref name="aboutus">[http://www.srilankan.aero/about-srilanka/srilankan-today/sriLankan-airlines.html SriLankan Airlines – SriLankan Today – About SriLankan – SriLankan Airlines]</ref> Kapila Chandrasena (CEO)<ref name="aboutus" />
}}
[[File:Srilankantrichyparking.jpg|thumb|right|Srilankan Airlines Airbus A320 parked at [[Tiruchirappalli Airport]] (VOTR)]]
'''SriLankan Airlines Limited''' ([[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]:ශ්‍රී ලන්කන් ගුවන් සේවය, [[Tamil language|Tamil]]: சிறீலங்கன் எயர்லைன்ஸ்) (previously known as '''Air Lanka''') is the [[flag carrier]] of [[Sri Lanka]]. It operates to destinations in Asia and Europe from its base and hub at [[Bandaranaike International Airport]] in the Sri Lankan capital, [[Colombo]]. The airline's head office is in the Airline Centre, on the grounds of Bandaranaike International Airport in [[Katunayake]], Sri Lanka.<ref name="HQ">"[http://wwi.srilankan.aero/contactus/sla-offices.asp SriLankan Airlines – Contact Us / SriLankan Airlines Offices]." SriLankan Airlines. Retrieved 29 September 2009.</ref>

==History==
'''Air Lanka''' was set up by the [[Government of Sri Lanka]] in July 1979 following the closure of [[Air Ceylon]] in 1978. Initially, the new air carrier operated 2 [[Boeing 707]] jets on lease from [[Singapore Airlines]], but Air Lanka ended up keeping the Boeing 707s, which were purchased in 1979, while a Boeing 737 was acquired for shorter routes.<ref name="AIFeb03 p28">Birch 2003, p. 28.</ref> During the 1980s, the airline increased the number of destinations served and made additions to its fleet. During the mid-1980s the airline operated two [[Boeing 747-200]] aircraft to a number of European destinations. By 1990, Air Lanka was serving 26 destinations. The airline's golden aircraft was the [[Lockheed L1011 Tristar]], which served the airline from 1980 to 2000. In December 1992, the airline purchased its first [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]].

[[File:Air Lanka Boeing 747-200 at Basle Airport - December 1984.jpg|thumb|Air Lanka [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747–200]] at [[Basle Airport]] (1984)]]
[[File:AirLanka Airbus A320 Wallner.jpg|thumb|Airlanka's first [[Airbus A320]] 4R-ABA. This aircraft was written-off in 2001]]
[[File:Airlanka Lockheed L-1011-385-1-15 TriStar 200 Durand-1.jpg|thumb|Airlanka's Lockheed Tristar]]
[[File:Airlanka Boeing 707-312B Wallner.jpg|thumb|A [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-312B]] at [[Gatwick Airport]] (1981)]]

Air Lanka, which was state-owned, was part-privatized to the [[Dubai]]-based [[The Emirates Group|Emirates Group]] in 1998, when Emirates and the Sri Lankan Government signed an agreement for a ten-year strategic partnership. This agreement included exclusive rights for all aircraft ground handling and airline catering at Colombo-Bandaranaike airport for a ten-year period. Emirates bought a 40% stake worth US$70 million (which it later increased to 43.6%) in Air Lanka, and sought to refurbish the airline's image and fleet. The Government retained a majority stake in the airline, but gave full control to Emirates for investment and management decisions. In 1998, the Air Lanka rebranded to SriLankan Airlines.<ref>"World Airline Directory." ''[[Flight International]]''. 14–20 March 1990 [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%200709.html?search="Airlift International" 57].</ref>

SriLankan acquired 6 [[Airbus A330-200]]s to complement its fleet of [[Airbus A340-300]] and [[Airbus A320 family|A320-200]] aircraft. The A330-200 aircraft joined the airline between October 1999 and July 2000. The company’s fourth A340-300 arrived at Colombo painted in the airline’s new corporate livery. SriLankan upgraded its existing A340 fleet into a two-class configuration (business and economy class) whilst overhauling the interior to reflect the new corporate image.

SriLankan Airlines has been affected by environmental problems and acts of terrorism. This has included the [[SARS outbreak]], [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]], the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], and a [[Bandaranaike Airport attack]], which destroyed 4 aircraft and damaged 2, writing off half of the airline's fleet. SriLankan took the decision to position Colombo as a hub for flights to Asia. This is evident in its expansion into regional markets, notably [[India]] and the Middle East.

Whilst continuing expansion in the region, SriLankan commenced flying to [[Jeddah]], its third destination in Saudi Arabia, after [[Riyadh]] and [[Dammam]]. Jeddah was the airline's 51st destination in 28 countries, thus increasing the number of destinations in the Middle East to nine.

On 19 December 2007, the then-CEO Peter Hill's work permit cancelled by the Sri Lankan Government. Sri Lankan Airlines lost in because of some hedging deals. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100314/BusinessTimes/bt02.html

In 2008 Emirates notified the Sri Lankan Government that it would not renew its management contract,<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/01/22/220980/emirates-walking-away-from-srilankan.html Emirates walking away from SriLankan] Nicholas Ionides, 2008-01-22, [[Flight International]]</ref> which then expired on 31 March 2008. It claimed that the Sri Lankan Government was seeking greater control over the day-to-day business of the airline, "which was not acceptable to us".<ref name="OAG">[http://www.oag.com/oag/website/com/en/Home/Travel+Magazine/Executive+Travel/News+Briefing/Air+France+offers+inflight+calls+for+the+upwardly+mobile+010108 Management contract terminated] January 2008, OAG, News briefing</ref>

The [[flight attendant]] uniform remained unchanged from the days of Air Lanka until February 2010, when a new uniform was introduced {{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}. The first destination announced for their expansion plans was [[Shanghai, China]] the route to which began on 1 July 2010.<ref>[http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/fullstory.php?nid=560830907 Sri Lankan Airlines to fly to Shanghai], LBO, 10 May 2010</ref> The airline commenced flights to [[Guangzhou, China]] on 28 January 2011.<ref name="expansion">[http://www.lbo.lk/fullstory.php?nid=1554476079 SriLankan Airlines expands fleet, plans new destinations] LBO, 20 July 2010</ref> The airline also plans to start flying to [[Seoul]], [[Sydney]] and [[Johannesburg]] in 2013. Also [[Copenhagen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.dk/translate?hl=da&sl=da&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fcphtraveller.dk%2Fnyheder%2Fsrilankan-airlines-overvejer-kobenhavn-som-ny-destination |title=Google Oversæt |language={{da icon}} |publisher=Translate.google.dk}}</ref> [[Ho Chi Minh City]] and [[Manila]] is on the table.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2011/11/09/bus02.asp |title=Sri Lanka Business News | Online edition of Daily News – Lakehouse Newspapers |publisher=Dailynews.lk |date=9 November 2011}}</ref>

Emirates sold its 43.63% stake in the airline to the [[Government of Sri Lanka]] in a deal that was finalised in 2010, thus ending any affiliations the two airlines had with each other.<ref name="ek sale">[http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-07-07/sri-lanka-buys-emirates-stake-in-srilankan-airlines.html Sri Lanka Buys Emirates’ Stake in SriLankan Airlines] Anusha Ondaatjie and Asantha Sirimanne, [[BusinessWeek]], 7 July 2010.</ref>

SriLankan Airlines is a holder of the Imperial Mark, which is valid until May 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/07/12/bus13.asp |title=Imperial Mark honours SriLankan, Daily News, 12 July 2010 |publisher=Dailynews.lk |date=12 July 2010}}</ref>

The airline is set to join the [[Oneworld]] alliance in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneworld.com/news-information/oneworldnews/details/?objectID=29625|title=SriLankan Airlines to join oneworld alliance |publisher=Oneworld.com |date=11 June 2012}}</ref>

==Destinations==
{{Main|SriLankan Airlines destinations}}

As of September 2012, SriLankan Airlines serves 58 destinations in 33 countries,<ref name="routemap">[http://wwi.srilankan.aero/travelplanner/routemap.asp SriLankan Airlines – Travel Planner / Route Map]</ref>
and remains the largest foreign carrier into the Maldives, with at least 38 weekly flights between Male and Colombo. The airline is also considering [[Gan Island|Gan]] as a destination within two months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/41574 |title=Research underway to begin direct flights between Gan and Colombo. |publisher=Haveeru.com.mv |date=22 April 2012 }}</ref>

===Codeshare agreements===
SriLankan has [[codeshare agreement]]s with the following airlines, as of June 2012.
 ST = [[SkyTeam]], SA = [[Star Alliance]], OW = [[Oneworld]]

{|
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|Canada}}[[Air Canada]] ([[Star Alliance|SA]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/460150 |title=AC-UL code share |publisher=Digitaljournal.com |date=20 October 2011 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|India}}[[Air India]]
*{{flagicon|Italy}}[[Alitalia]] ([[SkyTeam|ST]])
*{{flagicon|Japan}}[[All Nippon Airways]] ([[Star Alliance|SA]])
*{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[Etihad Airways]]<ref>[http://www.island.lk/2010/02/28/business13.html SriLankan extends network to New York and four other cities through Etihad partnership] The Island, 28 February 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.przoom.com/news/41019/ SriLankan and Etihad Airways Announce New Codeshare Partnership] PRZOOM – Newswire, 10 October 2008</ref>
|
*{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}}[[Expo Air]]
*{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}}[[Lankan Cargo]]
*{{flagicon|Malaysia}}[[Malaysia Airlines]] ([[Oneworld|OW]])<ref>[http://www.eturbonews.com/9959/codeshare-partnership-expanded-between-malaysia-airlines-and-sril Codeshare partnership expanded between Malaysia Airlines and SriLankan Airlines] eTurboNews, 23 June 2009|.</ref>
*{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}}[[Mihin Lanka]] ([[Oneworld|OW]])
*{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Royal Jordanian]] ([[Oneworld|OW]])<ref>http://www.menafn.com/menafn/1093549072/Royal-Jordanian-codeshares-with-SriLankan-|Airlines?src=RSS</ref>
|
*{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudia]] ([[SkyTeam|ST]])
*{{flagicon|Russia}}[[S7 Airlines]] ([[Oneworld|OW]])
*{{flagicon|France}}[[SNCF]].<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?pid=explorer&srcid=0B6eA6dSrHUrRZjQ4MDU0ZWYtYWJmNy00NDg2LTgzNWUtNDI4YWI1N2RmNWM4&chrome=false&docid=756a631173de79bdfe73d107073dabb9%7Cf41250d1b354c253aa5683963fec41d2&a=bi&pagenumber=55&w=623 Worldwide codeshare list Aug 2011]</ref>
|}

==Fleet==
[[File:Aircraft.spotting.srilankan.arp.jpg|thumb|SriLankan Airlines Airbus A340-300 landing at [[London Heathrow Airport]]]]
[[File:Bandaranaike International Airport.JPG|thumb|Aircraft in ramp area of Bandaranaike International Airport]]
[[File:Sri Lankan A330 4R-ALC.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A330-200 [[taxiing]] in [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]]]
[[File:Sri Lankan Airlines A330-300 4R-ADB.jpg|thumb|The second Airbus A340-300 of the airline.]]

===Aircraft acquisition plan for 2011–2015===
SriLankan Airlines aims to boost its fleet to 30 aircraft over the next four years, and is currently in talks with both Airbus and Boeing regarding a deal that may consist of up to nine long-haul aircraft.<ref>[http://www.dailynews.lk/2012/05/02/bus01.asp SriLankan and Mihin Lanka to acquire 9 more aircraft]</ref> It has also leased four additional Airbus A320 aircraft.<ref>[http://www.lbo.lk/fullstory.php?nid=1956040026 Sri Lanka national carrier boosts fleet] Lanka Business Online, 4 May 2011.</ref> Kapila Chandrasena said the carrier wants to add the [[Airbus A330-300]] and the [[Boeing 777]] models to its fleet to replace its Airbus A340-300s, with deliveries beginning in 2013–2014.<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/routes-srilankan-in-talks-to-add-six-777s-or-a330s-362829/ |title=ROUTES: SriLankan in talks to add six 777s or A330s |work=Flight International |date=3 October 2011 }}</ref> All of the current aircraft are to be renovated to suit to the needs of the modern times. Expects to place an order by the end of 2012 between Airbus and Boeing.According to the Minister, the government plans to increase the airline's fleet to 30 aircraft and will purchase five new aircraft within the next six months.

===Current fleet===
As of 25 November 2011, the SriLankan Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft with an average age of 9.3 years:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/SriLankan-Airlines |title=SriLankan Airlines Fleet Details and History – Planespotters.net Just Aviation |publisher=Planespotters.net }}</ref><ref name="cp-newmay19">{{cite news | url=http://www.colombopage.com/archive_11/May07_1304746686KA.php | title=New Airbus A320 added to SriLankan from May 19 | work=Colombo Page | date=7 May 2011 | accessdate=18 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.etravelblackboardasia.com/article.asp?id=75291&nav=109 | title=SriLankan Airlines largest in nation’s history | date=12 May 2011 | accessdate=18 May 2011}}</ref>

<center>
{|class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center"
|+ '''SriLankan airlines fleet'''<ref name="fleet2">[http://riseoflanka.blogspot.com/2011/08/sri-lankan-airlines-to-expand-fleet-to.html Sri Lankan Airlines to expand fleet to 30 aircraft adding six Boeing 777] Rise of Lanka, 21 August 2011</ref><ref name=fleet_exp>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/12/20/bus03.asp|title=SriLankan acquires Airbus A320|publisher=Daily News|date=20 December 2010|accessdate=20 December 2010}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=red
! rowspan="2" |Aircraft
! rowspan="2" style="width:40px;" | In Service
! rowspan="2" style="width:40px;" | Orders
! colspan="3" class="unsortable" | Passengers
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|- bgcolor=red
! style="width:30px"|<abbr title="Business class">J</abbr>
! style="width:30px"|<abbr title="Economy class">Y</abbr>
! style="width:35px"|Total
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320-200]]
|4|| rowspan="2"|0 || 20 ||120||140
|
|- Short-haul (India, Pakistan, Maldives, Moscow)
|4|| 12 ||138||150
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Airbus A330-200]]
|1 || rowspan="5"|0 || 18 || 276 || 294
|
|- Medium/Long haul
|1 || 18 ||236||254
|
|- Medium/Long haul
|7 || 18 ||251||269
|
|- Medium/Long haul
|1 || 12 ||275||287
|
|- Medium/Long haul
|1 || 18 ||256||274
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Airbus A340-300]]
|3
| rowspan="4"| 0
|18
|296
|314
| rowspan="4"| 3 to be phased out in 2013 & replace by [[Airbus A330-300]] [[777-300ER|Boeing 777-300ER]]
|-
|1
|18
|295
|313
|-
|1
|24
|275
|299
|-
|1
|38
|205
|243
|-
| [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|DHC-6-100]]
| 2
| 0
||0||15||15
|operated by SriLankan AirTaxi
|-
!Total
!22
!0
||||||
|colspan="4"|
|}
</center>

===Retired===
<center>
{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|+ ''' SriLankan Airlines Retired Fleet'''
|- bgcolor=red
!Aircraft
!Total
!Introduced
!Retired
|-
|[[Airbus A300]]
|1
|2000
|2000
|-
|[[Boeing 707]]
|2
|1976
|1990
|-
|[[Boeing 737|Boeing 737–200]]
|7
|1979
|1995
|-
|[[Boeing 737 Classic|Boeing 737–300]]
|6
|1990
|1995
|-
|[[Boeing 747|Boeing 747–200]]
|2
|1984
|1987
|-
|[[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]]
|1
|2010
|2010
|-
|[[Antonov An-12]]F
|2
|
|
|-
|[[Lockheed L-1011|Lockheed L-1011 TriStar]]
|6
|1983
|2000
|-
|}
</center>

==Cargo==
Sri Lankan Airlines operates several cargo flights to Male, the Middle East, and India, using a [[DC-8|Douglas DC-8-63F]] of [[Expo Air]] and a [[Boeing 727|Boeing 727-200F]] of [[Lankan Cargo]].

==Sri Lankan AirTaxi==
{{Main|Sri Lankan AirTaxi}}

Sri Lankan Airlines began domestic [[air taxi]] service using two Canadian-built [[Dash 6|DHC-6-100]] aircraft to increase tourism in the southern and central cities of Sri Lanka. It currently flies to [[Ampara]], [[Bentota]], Castlereagh, [[Dandugama]], [[Dikwella]], [[Hambantota]], [[Kandy]], Koggala, [[Nuwara Eliya]], [[Tissamaharama]], and [[Trincomalee]], all from Colombo.<ref name="Air Taxi">{{cite web|title=SriLankan Air Taxi|url=http://www.srilankan.lk/destination-and-offers/airtaxi.html|publisher=SriLankan Airlines|accessdate=23 March 2012}}</ref> With the increasing number of passengers, more aircraft are expected to join the fleet for the air taxi service {{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}.

==Livery==
The initial livery consisted of red stripes on a white fuselage, the tail being a solid red and sporting the corporate logo, a stylised [[peacock]]. This was the sole livery of the airline for nearly two decades, from 1979 to 1998. After SriLankan Airlines began a decade-long partnership with Emirates, the livery was change into a much simpler one, with an all-white fuselage, covered by blue 'SriLankan' titles, and the tail adorned with the corporate logo. Some aircraft have tourist advertisement's on the rear part.

==Cabin==
The Business Class seats come in either cream or dark blue, depending on the aircraft. The Economy seats are light blue in color. SriLankan provides an individual video player with 18 movies and 22 radio channels for Economy Class. Business Class customers receive this and over 30 movie titles in a variety of languages. Both classes are given the option of a "[[Satcom (satellite)|Satcom]]" [[satellite phone]]. Satcom allows a passenger to call anyone in another seat free of charge. SriLankan is capable of preparing meals for those with dietary restrictions, and Business Class passengers can pre-order any of the special meals available. On some flights, like Singapore to Colombo, SriLankan prepares hot meals (such as chicken and rice or seafood with vegetables) for Economy Class, as the flight is long. From 2011, full flatbed seats will be offered in Business Class, on selected Airbus A330 aircraft. {{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

===Entertainment===
New movies from [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]], old classics, and some films from India are available. Included are comedies, dramas, arts, sports, and children's TV.

CTV is SriLankan's channel for children with programmes such as comedies and cartoons. SriLankan has 22 radio channels to provide music from around the world. SriLankan's radio channels cover the European charts, Golden Era, classical, jazz, and popular music selections from Sri Lanka, [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], India, and Japan. New games have been added, including puzzles, playing cards, and classic board games.<ref>[http://wwi.srilankan.aero/onboard/entertainment.asp SriLankan Entertainment]</ref> In 2011, SriLankan will install AVOD systems, provided by IMS of the United States, on selected Airbus A330 and A340 aircraft. {{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

==SriLankan catering==
SriLankan Catering, although a 100%-owned subsidiary of SriLankan Airlines, is a standalone operation responsible for its own economic infrastructure, management and profitability. Under the guidance of its chief executive officer, the company’s prime responsibility is the preparation of in-flight meals for SriLankan Airlines. It also caters for foreign airlines, among which are [[Qatar Airways]], [[Cathay Pacific]], [[Singapore Airlines]] and [[Emirates Airline|Emirates]]. SriLankan Catering recently opened a laundry facility and took over the management of the Serenediva Transit Hotel, at Colombo's Bandaranaike International Airport.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}

==Frequent flyer programme==
SriLankan's first [[frequent-flyer programme]] was called ''Serendib Miles'' and was abandoned in early 2000. It then became a partner of Emirates' [[Skywards]] frequent-flyer program. However, this agreement ceased to exist when the partnership between the two airlines concluded on 31 March 2008.<ref name=ffp>[http://www.businesstraveller.com/news/sri-lankan-airlines-launches-ffp?LS=EMS169940 Sri Lankan Airlines launches FFP] Business Traveller, 26 March 2008.</ref> SriLankan subsequently launched ''FlySmiLes'', which has since added a variety of new reward partners to its program.<ref>[http://sundaytimes.lk/090125/Magazine/sundaytimestvtimes_08.html ‘FlySmiles’ announces exciting rewards] Sunday Times, 25 January 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flysmiles.com/ |title=http |publisher=//www.flysmiles.com }}</ref>

==Awards and achievements==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2011}}
*Airline of the Year 2008 and 2009 – Sri Lanka Presidential Travel & Tourism Awards
*Airline of the Year 2010 (third year)
*Best Airline in South Asia (three consecutive times) from Travel Trade Gazette
*Best Airline in Central Asia (four consecutive times) – Skytrax
*Best Overall In-flight Entertainment (small fleet), twice – World Airline Entertainment Association
*Best Airline Turnaround of the Year 2004 – Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation
*Best Print Media Presentation in Travel & Tourism
*Best in Region APEX Award
*Destination Loyal Partner / Tour Operator Award for SriLankan Holidays
*First Runner-up for World’s Best Cabin Staff – Skytrax
*Foreign Carrier of the Year (South Asia sector) – Kuala Lumpur International Airport Awards
*Galileo Indian Express Award for Best Eastbound International Airline
*Hall of Fame award for winning Airline of the year for three consecutive years
*Imperial Mark in recognition of exceptional levels of service, luxury and quality
*KLIA Award
*PATA Gold Award 2007 for Best Airline Marketing Campaign
*Runner-up for Best Asian Airline in survey by UK's Daily Telegraph
*HRM Silver award in the Government-Owned Business 2012
*World’s Best Airline in a survey of Economy Class passengers
*World’s Friendliest Cabin Staff – Skytrax
*World’s Most Reliable Operator of Airbus A330s (small fleet) – Airbus Industrie
*World’s Most Reliable Operator of Airbus A340s (small fleet) – Airbus Industrie
*World class standard for SriLankan Airlines' IT systems

==Incidents and accidents==

===1980s===
{{Main|Air Lanka Flight UL512}}
*On 3 May 1986, a bomb planted by the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] exploded on board Flight UL512 prior to [[takeoff]] at Bandaranaike International Airport. The bomb, which had been timed to explode in-flight, went off while the aircraft, a [[Lockheed L-1011|Lockheed L-1011 'Tristar']] was on the ground killing 14 of 128 passengers. Officials believe the bomb may have been concealed in crates of meat and vegetables that were being freighted to the Maldives. Other reports believe that the bomb was hidden in the aircraft's 'Fly Away Kit'.

===2000s===
{{Main|Bandaranaike Airport attack}}
*On 24 July 2001, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam launched a suicide attack at Bandaranaike International Airport that damaged and/or destroyed 26 aircrafts. Four aircrafts were written off, including an [[Airbus A340|Airbus A340-300]] (4R-ADD) that was destroyed by an explosive charge and an [[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-200]] (4R-ALE or 4R-ALF) that was destroyed by a rocket that was fired from the [[control tower]]. In addition, an [[Airbus A320|Airbus A320-200]] (4R-ABA) and an [[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-200]] (4R-ALE or 4R-ALF) were damaged (and written off) due to damage sustained in the assault. In total, six [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] personnel, one commando, and eight members of the LTTE were killed.<ref>{{cite web| year = 2001| url = http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml| title = Intelligence failures exposed by Tamil Tiger airport attack| publisher = Jane's Intelligence Review| accessdate =9 April 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080225162532/http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml  |archivedate = 25 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=6660 |title=SriLankan Airlines (Aviation Safety Network) |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date=4 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Subsidiaries==
* SriLankan Cargo
* SriLankan Catering
* SriLankan Engineering
* SriLankan Ground Handling<ref>[http://wwi.srilankan.aero/groundhandling/index.asp SriLankan Ground Handling]</ref>
* SriLankan Holidays<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srilankan-holidays.com/ |title=SriLankan Holidays |publisher=SriLankan Holidays }}</ref>
* SriLankan IT Systems

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

* Birch, Doug. "SriLankan Airlines". ''[[Air International]]'', February 2003, Vol 64 No 2. pp. 26–30.

==External links==
{{Portal|Sri Lanka|Companies|Aviation}}
{{Commons|SriLankan Airlines}}
* {{Official website|http://www.srilankan.com}}
* [http://www.srilankanusa.com SriLankan Airlines – USA] Online air ticket provider for destination between Sri Lanka and USA
* [http://www.esrilankans.com/page.do?id=85 Sri Lankan Airlines Spearheads Tourism Growth] Sri Lankan Airlines Spearheads Tourism Growth
* [http://www.esrilankans.com/page.do?id=29 Baby born on SriLankan Airlines flight] Baby born on SriLankan Airlines flight
* [http://www.esrilankans.com/page.do?id=122 Semondu : Srilankan Airlines Opens a Restaurant in Colombo] Semondu : Srilankan Airlines Opens a Restaurant in Colombo
* [http://www.esrilankans.com/page.do?id=121 SriLankan Airlines offers cargo delivery service in UK] SriLankan Airlines offers cargo delivery service in UK
* [http://www.esrilankans.com/page.do?id=120 SriLankan Airlines to Offer Facebook Users Commission on Embedded Search Engine] SriLankan Airlines to Offer Facebook Users Commission on Embedded Search Engine
 
{{Oneworld}}
{{airlines of Sri Lanka}}
{{IATA members|asia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srilankan Airlines}}
[[Category:Airlines of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:IATA members]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 1979]]
[[Category:Government-owned airlines]]
[[Category:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[Category:Proposed Oneworld members]]

[[ar:الخطوط الجوية السريلانكية]]
[[da:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[de:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[es:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[fr:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[ko:스리랑카 항공]]
[[hi:श्रीलंकन एयरलाइंस]]
[[id:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[it:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[he:סרילנקה איירליינס]]
[[mr:श्रीलंकन एअरलाइन्स]]
[[nl:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[ja:スリランカ航空]]
[[pl:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[pt:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[si:ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ගුවන් සේවය]]
[[sr:Шри Ланкан ерлајнс]]
[[sv:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[ta:சிறீலங்கன் எயர்லைன்ஸ்]]
[[vi:SriLankan Airlines]]
[[zh:斯里蘭卡航空]]

Fox Movies (Southeast Asian TV channel)

2013-01-03T07:35:52Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox TV channel
| name = Fox Movies Premium
| logofile = Fox Movies Premium logo.png
| logosize =
| launch = 1 January 2012
| share =
| share as of =
| share source =
| owner = [[Fox International Channels]] (owned by [[News Corporation]])
| slogan = '''Make Room For Fox Movies Premium''' '''Catch The Awesomeness'''
| country = [[Hong Kong]]
| broadcast area = [[Hong Kong]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mongolia]], [[Maldives]], [[Singapore]], [[Philippines]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]]
| former names = STAR Movies (1994-2011 except Taiwan, Philippines, India, China, Vietnam, Middle East)
| sister names = [[STAR Movies]], [[STAR Gold]], [[STAR Chinese Movies]], [[Phoenix Movies Channel]], [[Movies OK]], [[Asianet Movies]], [[Fox Movies (Middle East)|Fox Movies Middle East]], [[Fox Action Movies]], and [[Fox Family Movies (Asia)|Fox Family Movies]]
| headquarters = [[Hong Kong]]
| timeshift names =
| web = [http://www.foxmoviespremium.tv http://www.foxmoviespremium.tv]
| sat serv 1=[[Astro (satellite TV)|Astro]] ([[Malaysia]])
| sat chan 1=Channel 413 (SD) Channel 433 (HD)
| sat serv 2=[[TrueVisions]] ([[Thailand]])
| sat chan 2=Channel 45 (SD) Channel 126 (HD)
| sat serv 3=[[Sky Pacific]] ([[Fiji]])
| sat chan 3=Channel 23
| sat serv 4=[[TelkomVision]] ([[Indonesia]])
| sat chan 4=Channel 105
| sat serv 5=[[Indovision]] ([[Indonesia]])
| sat chan 5=Channel 14 Channel 406 (HD)
| sat serv 6=[[MRTV]] ([[Myanmar]])
| sat chan 6=Channel 1
| sat serv 7=[[Aora TV]] ([[Indonesia]])
| sat chan 7=Channel 401
| sat serv 8=[[OkeVision]] ([[Indonesia]])
| sat chan 8=Channel 06
| sat serv 9=[[Cignal Digital TV]] ([[Philippines]])
| sat chan 9=Channel 103 (HD)
| sat serv 10=[[G Sat]] ([[Philippines]])
| sat chan 10=Channel 31 (HD)
| cable serv 1=[[StarHub TV]] ([[Singapore]])
| cable chan 1=Channel 622 (SD) Channel 623 (Fox Movies Play) Channel 662 (HD)
| cable serv 2=[[TrueVisions]] ([[Thailand]])
| cable chan 2=Channel 45 (SD) Channel 126 (HD)
| cable serv 3=[[First Media]] ([[Indonesia]])
| cable chan 3=Channel 295 Channel 309 (HD)
| cable serv 4=[[Macau CATV]] ([[Macau]])
| cable chan 4=Channel 40
| cable serv 5=[[Jogja Medianet]] ([[Indonesia]])
| cable chan 5=Channel 4
| cable serv 6=[[SkyCable]] ([[Philippines]])
| cable chan 6=Channel 170 (HD)
| cable serv 7=[[Cablelink]] ([[Philippines]])
| cable chan 7=Channel 126 (HD)
| cable serv 8=[[MediaNet]] ([[Maldives]])
| cable chan 8=Channel 600 (SD) Channel 800 (HD)
| adsl serv 1= [[now TV]] ([[Hong Kong]])
| adsl chan 1= Channel 117
| adsl serv 2= [[Mio TV]] ([[Singapore]])
| adsl chan 2= Channel 414 (HD)
| online serv 1 = [[M2V Mobile TV]] ([[Indonesia]])
| online chan 1 = Channel 0019
}}

'''Fox Movies Premium''' is an Asian movie channel owned by [[Fox International Channels]], subsidiaries of [[News Corporation]].

On January 1, 2012, STAR Movies was rebranded to '''Fox Movies Premium''' and available in Hong Kong and selected Southeast Asian countries. In India, China, Vietnam, Middle East, Taiwan and the Philippines, the STAR Movies brand will be remained.

==Overview==
Fox Movies Premium has first-run contracts for movies distributed by [[20th Century Fox]], [[Walt Disney Studios (production)|Disney]], [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Pixar Animation Studios|Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]], [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], and [[StudioCanal]] and sub-run contracts for movies from [[Paramount Pictures]], [[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]], and [[Warner Bros.]] for countries where Fox Movies Premium is available. It also features movies from other movie distributors including: [[Lions Gate Entertainment]], [[Summit Entertainment]] and [[The Weinstein Company]]. It is another [[Hollywood]] movie channel whose main competitor is [[HBO Asia]]. Its logo is similar to that of HBO and Singapore's [[Far East Organization]]'s SO/HO logo. Its design is based on the movie ''[[Tron: Legacy]]'' since the countdown to rebranding and has different station idents based on type and genre of the movie.

Because of the distribution deal by [[DreamWorks Animation]] with 20th Century Fox, films by DreamWorks Animation may be screened on the channel starting 2014.

In addition to Hollywood movies, it also airs original series and miniseries, live events (such as the [[Academy Awards]] and selected [[Ultimate Fighting Championship|UFC]] pay-per-views), live events, concerts, and award-winning documentaries.

It is available in [[Singapore]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Malaysia]] ('''1-hour timeshift'''), [[Indonesia]], [[Mongolia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Philippines]], [[Fiji]], [[Nepal]] and [[Thailand]].

==Operating Channels==

===Fox Movies Premium===
Fox Movies Premium was formerly known as STAR Movies Asia is transmitted in Southeast Asia. It is the only advertisement free version of STAR Movies and, unlike other versions of STAR Movies, this version also spends minimal time promoting its own upcoming movies. The channel does not air promotions of movies classified as unsuitable for people aged under eighteen until 8pm SEAT and 9pm for Malaysia.

===Fox Movies Play===
Fox Movies Play was formerly known as STAR Movies On Demand and is the [[Video On Demand]] version of Fox Movies Premium available exclusively in Singapore on the Digital Cable Television Platform [[StarHub TV]] and IPTV Television [[Mio TV]].

===Fox Movies Premium HD===
On January 1, 2012, STAR Movies HD was rebranded as Fox Movies Premium HD in selected Asian territories where STAR Movies has been renamed to Fox Movies Premium.

==See also==
* [[STAR Movies]]
* [[Fox Family Movies (Asia)|Fox Family Movies]]
* [[Fox Movies (Middle East)]]
* [[Fox Action Movies]]
* [[Fox Movie Channel]]

==External links==
* [http://www.foxmoviespremium.tv Official Site]
* [http://www.foxmoviesplay.com/home/ Fox Movies Play site]
* {{facebook|Foxmoviespremium}}
* {{twitter|OnFMP}} (Regional)
* {{twitter|FMP_ID}} (Indonesia)

{{Fox Entertainment Group}}
{{Television in Hong Kong}}

[[Category:Movie channels]]
[[Category:Southeast Asian media]]
[[Category:Cable TV of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2012]]
[[Category:English-language television stations]]
[[Category:Television stations in Fiji]]

[[id:Fox Movies Premium]]
[[vi:Fox Movies Premium]]
[[zh:福斯電影精選台]]

The Homecoming (TV series)

2012-12-27T10:16:34Z

220.255.2.26: /* Synopsis */

{{Nofootnotes|date=August 2009}}

{{Infobox Television
|show_name=The Homecoming (十三鞭)
|image=
|caption=
|genre=Suspense
|format=
|runtime=approx. 45 minutes
|creator=
|director=
|producer=
|writer=
|starring=[[Li Nanxing]] [[Rayson Tan]] [[Constance Song]]
|opentheme=《风的肩膀》 sung by [[Jeff Wang]]
|country=[[Singapore]]
|language=[[Chinese Language|Chinese]]
|network=[[MediaCorp]]
|first_aired=3 April 2007
|last_aired =30 April 2007
|num_episodes=20
|preceded_by=
|followed_by=
|related=
|website = http://web.archive.org/web/20070625014406/ch8.mediacorptv.com/shows/drama/view/842/1/.html
}}

'''The Homecoming''' ({{zh|s=十三鞭}}; literally: Thirteen Strokes) is a [[Singapore]]an [[Chinese language|Chinese]] [[TV series|TV drama series]] telecast on [[MediaCorp TV Channel 8]]. It made its debut on 3 April 2007 and ended its run on 30 April 2007. The series ran for a total of 20 episodes.

==Cast==
===Main cast===
*[[Li Nanxing]] as Dong Weihong
*[[Constance Song]] as Sessy
*[[Rayson Tan]] as Chen Hanyuan

===Supporting cast===
*[[Zheng Geping]] as Huang Zhenfa
*[[Vivian Lai]] as Qianyi
*[[Brandon Wong (actor)|Brandon Wong]] as Lai Guoqiang
*[[Ye Shipin]] as Ah Long Jiu
*[[Ong Ai Leng]] as Sandy

==Synopsis==
Dong Weihong returns to Singapore from the [[United States of America|US]] with his nine-year-old son,Ryan. He catches up with his old buddies Chen Hanyuan, Lai Quoqiang and Huang Zhenfa to reminisce their past friendships. Weihong, who is currently unemployed, helps out in Zhenfa's automobile business while Hanyuan is a successful lawyer and Guoqiang earns a living by being a professional "scapegoat" for criminals. Before long, old feelings of betrayal start brewing among them when they recall their past.

The four friends were convicted of [[arson]] and sentenced to imprisonment and [[Caning in Singapore|caning]] several years ago. Weihong, Guoqiang and Zhenfa each received three strokes of the cane while Hanyuan received four strokes. He was the one who instigated his friends to commit arson and that effectively made him the mastermind. However, no one else will know the truth unless one of his three friends have betrayed him during the investigation. Hanyuan is deeply tramautised by the experience and vowed to find out who betrayed him. In order to take his revenge, Hanyuan resorts to unscrupulous means and causes harm to those around him.

A complex love relationship develops between Hanyuan, Sessy, Weihong and Qiangyi. Qianyi is a childhood friend of Weihong and has been in love with him for a long time but Weihong does not reciprocate. Hanyuan and Sessy are married and Weihong's return threatens their marriage as Sessy still has some feelings for Weihong. As his mind slowly deranges, Hanyuan begins to suspect his wife and Weihong and believes that Weihong is the one who betrayed him.

==[[Star Awards 2007]]==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Award !! Nominee !! Result
|-
| Best Supporting Actor || [[Brandon Wong (actor)|Brandon Wong]] || {{nom}}
|-
| Young Talent Award || Jarren Ho || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Drama Serial || ''The Homecoming'' || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Drama Theme Song || 《风的肩膀》 || {{nom}}
|-
| Top 10 Villains poll || Chen Hanyuan ''(played by [[Rayson Tan]])'' || {{won}}
|}

==Viewership Ratings==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Week!!Date!!Average Number of audience in 5 weekdays
(Rounded to the nearest thousand)
|-
|Week 1||3 April 2007 to 6 April 2007||582, 000
|-
|Week 2||9 April 2007 to 13 April 2007||596, 000
|-
|Week 3||16 April 2007 to 20 April 2007||621, 000
|-
|Week 4||23 April 2007 to 27 April 2007||635, 000
|-
|Last episode||30 April 2007||672, 000
|}

==See also==
*[[List of MediaCorp Chinese series (2007)]]

==External links==
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070625014406/ch8.mediacorptv.com/shows/drama/view/842/1/.html Official Website (Via Wayback Machine)]{{en icon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Homecoming}}
[[Category:Singapore Chinese dramas]]
[[Category:2007 television series debuts]]
[[Category:2007 television series endings]]

List of best-selling singles in the United States

2012-12-27T02:49:00Z

220.255.2.26: /* Over 3 million copies */

{{cleanup-link rot|date=May 2012}}
This is a '''[[list of best selling singles]] in the [[United States]]''', some of which have been certified by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). All of these singles have sold over three million copies according to either reliable third-party claims or [[multi-platinum]] certifications.

== What makes a single? ==
In music, a single is a song considered commercially viable enough by the artist and [[record company]] to be released separately from an [[album]], usually featured on an album as well. For more information, see [[single (music)|single]].

For this reason, [[ringtones]], specifically [[Truetone|mastertones]], which are classified as "singles" in the RIAA database in addition to being counted as songs in the yearly IFPI Digital Music Reports such as the Digital Music Report 2009,<ref name="ifpi2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/DMR2009.pdf|title=Top 10 Digital Single Tracks 2008|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]|page=7|accessdate=2012-07-21}}</ref> are considered singles for the purposes of compiling this list.{{Dubious|Ringtones should not be considered singles|date=July 2012}}

== Notes about RIAA certification ==
*The RIAA certifies a record only if that record company pays for its official certification; some companies do not consider this an important distinction and will not request certifications unless pressed by its active, still saleable artists. A full and complete list of RIAA-certified recordings would be a very incomplete list of popular American music.

*The RIAA only certifies a particular recording of a song. For example, sales of Elton John's original "Candle in the Wind" single are not counted towards the 1997 version's official total.

*Retroactive RIAA certification only goes back to 1958; thus, a record like [[Bing Crosby]]'s "[[White Christmas (song)|White Christmas]]", released in 1942 and reported in 1963 as having sold 30 million copies, and currently listed by the [[Guinness Book of World Records]] at 50 million sales, would not be eligible. [[Bill Haley]] and [[Bill Haley & His Comets|His Comets]]' "[[Rock Around the Clock]]" is assumed to have sold more than 25 million copies since 1955. According to [[Billboard Magazine|''Billboard'' magazine]]'s statistician [[Joel Whitburn]], other pre-1958 singles that would be affected by this cutoff point include [[Gene Autry]]'s "[[Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song)|Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer]]" (8 million sales reported); Crosby's "[[Silent Night (song)|Silent Night]]" (7 million); [[Vernon Dalhart]]'s "[[The Prisoner's Song]]" (7 million); the [[Mills Brothers]]' "[[Paper Doll]]" (6 million); [[Patti Page]]'s "[[The Tennessee Waltz]]" (6 million); [[Gene Austin]]'s "[[My Blue Heaven (song)|My Blue Heaven]]" (5 million); and [[Ben Selvin]]'s "[[Dardanella]]" (5 million); and another 21 single releases in the 2-3 million range. (That is, assuming their respective record companies would elect to bear the optional expense of an official RIAA certification. It is unlikely, for example, that [[Sony BMG Music Entertainment]], which absorbed [[RCA Records]], which in turn had long ago purchased the [[Victor Talking Machine Company]], now sees any particular advantage in precisely determining the sales for Selvin's 1920 smash hit on Victor Records.) The first officially RIAA-certified million-selling single was [[Perry Como]]'s "[[Catch a Falling Star]]", in March 1958.

*Prior to 1989, singles were awarded with a Gold certification for sales of 1,000,000 units and a Platinum certification for sales of 2,000,000 units. For certification dates after January 1, 1989, a Gold award represents sales of 500,000 units and a Platinum award represents sales of 1,000,000 units.

== Records ==
[[File:Elton John 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG|upright|thumb|British singer [[Elton John]]'s Candle In The Wind is the best-selling physical single of all time in the United States.]]
Ordered by highest-selling to lowest selling within table sections and by alphabetical order within list sections.

=== Over 9 million copies ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width: 20em;" rowspan="2"| Song
!style="width: 15em;" rowspan="2"| Artist(s)/Group
!style="width: 30em;" colspan="3"| Detailed Sales
!style="width: 10em;" rowspan="2"| Total Sales
|-
!style="width: 10em;"| Physical
!style="width: 10em;"| Downloads
!style="width: 10em;"| Ringtones
|-
| "[[Low (Flo Rida song)|Low]]"
| [[Flo Rida]] featuring [[T-Pain]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,372,000<ref name="Low Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-april-8-2012-songs-jepsen-digital-001143419.html |title=Week Ending July 8, 2012. Songs: Jepsen’s Digital Record|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo Music|date=June 11, 2012|accessdate=June 16, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 3,000,000<ref name="Low Ringtones">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22LOW%22 |title=RIAA "Low" Certifications |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''9,372,000'''
|-
|}

=== Over 8 million copies ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width: 20em;" rowspan="2"| Song
!style="width: 15em;" rowspan="2"| Artist(s)/Group
!style="width: 30em;" colspan="3"| Detailed Sales
!style="width: 10em;" rowspan="2"| Total Sales
|-
!style="width: 10em;"| Physical
!style="width: 10em;"| Downloads
!style="width: 10em;"| Ringtones
|-
| "[[Lollipop (Lil Wayne song)|Lollipop]]"
| [[Lil Wayne]] featuring [[Static Major]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 3,937,000<ref name="Lollipop Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/chart-watch-extra-top-20-songs-in-digital-history.html |title=Chart Watch Extra: Top 20 Songs In Digital History|publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=August 16, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 5,000,000<ref name="Lollipop Ringtones">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Lil Wayne|title=Lollipop|accessdate=August 16, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''8,937,000'''
|-
| "[[Candle in the Wind 1997]]"
| [[Elton John]]
|style="text-align: center;"| 8,839,000<ref name="Candle in the Wind Physical">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-june-24-2012-songs-elton-peas-214235458.html |title=Week Ending June 24, 2012. Songs: Elton & The Peas |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''8,839,000'''
|-
| "[[I Gotta Feeling]]"
| [[The Black Eyed Peas]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 8,000,000<ref name="I Gotta Feeling Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-june-24-2012-songs-elton-peas-214235458.html |title=Week Ending June 24, 2012. Songs: Elton & The Peas |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''8,000,000'''
|-
| "[[We Are the World]]"
| [[USA for Africa]]
|style="text-align: center;"| 8,000,000<ref name="We Are the World Physical">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22We+Are+the+World%22 |title=RIAA "We Are the World" Certifications |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |accessdate=June 30, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''8,000,000'''
|-
|}

=== Over 7 million copies ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width: 20em;" rowspan="2"| Song
!style="width: 15em;" rowspan="2"| Artist(s)/Group
!style="width: 30em;" colspan="3"| Detailed Sales
!style="width: 10em;" rowspan="2"| Total Sales
|-
!style="width: 10em;"| Physical
!style="width: 10em;"| Downloads
!style="width: 10em;"| Ringtones
|-
| "[[Rolling in the Deep]]"
| [[Adele (singer)|Adele]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 7,307,000<ref name="Rolling in the Deep Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-april-8-2012-songs-jepsen-digital-001143419.html |title=Week Ending July 8, 2012. Songs: Jepsen’s Digital Record|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo Music|date=June 11, 2012|accessdate=June 16, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 500,000<ref name="Rolling in the Deep Ringtones">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22ROLLING_IN_THE_DEEP%22 |title=RIAA "Rolling in the Deep" Certifications |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''7,807,000'''
|-
| "[[Crank That (Soulja Boy)]]"
| [[Soulja Boy]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 4,520,000<ref name="Crank That (Soulja Boy) Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/chart-watch-extra-top-20-songs-in-digital-history.html |title=Chart Watch Extra: Top 20 Songs In Digital History|publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=November 1, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 3,000,000<ref name="Crank That (Soulja Boy) Ringtones">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Soulja Boy|title=Crank That _Soulja Boy_|accessdate=November 1, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''7,520,000'''
|-
| "[[Party Rock Anthem]]"
| [[LMFAO (group)|LMFAO]] featuring [[Lauren Bennett]] and [[GoonRock]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 7,000,000<ref name="Party Rock Anthem Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-july-1-2012-songs-jepsen-does-035518750.html |title=Week Ending July 1, 2012. Songs: Jepsen Does Canada Proud |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''7,000,000'''
|-
|}

=== Over 6 million copies ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width: 20em;" rowspan="2"| Song
!style="width: 15em;" rowspan="2"| Artist(s)/Group
!style="width: 30em;" colspan="3"| Detailed Sales
!style="width: 10em;" rowspan="2"| Total Sales
|-
!style="width: 10em;"| Physical
!style="width: 10em;"| Downloads
!style="width: 10em;"| Ringtones
|-
| "[[Don't Stop Believin']]"
| [[Journey (band)|Journey]]
|style="text-align: center;"| 500,000<ref name="Don't Stop Believin' certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Don_t_Stop_Believin_%22 |title=RIAA "Don't Stop Believin'" Certifications |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 5,433,000<ref name="Don't Stop Believin' Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-oct-21-2012-songs-maroon-5-211420641.html |title=Week Ending Oct. 21, 2012. Songs: Maroon 5′s “Nixon Moment”|publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=October 24, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 1,000,000<ref name="Don't Stop Believin' certifications"/>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,933,000'''
|-
| "[[Poker Face (Lady Gaga song)|Poker Face]]"
| [[Lady Gaga]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,800,000<ref>http://www.billboard.com/news/lady-gaga-calls-out-die-antwoord-you-don-1007985422.story#/news/lady-gaga-calls-out-die-antwoord-you-don-1007985422.story</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,800,000'''
|-
| "[[Somebody That I Used to Know]]"
| [[Gotye]] featuring [[Kimbra]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,667,000<ref name="Chart Watch Oct. 31">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-oct-28-2012-songs-chris-brown-213026172.html |title=Week Ending Oct. 28, 2012. Songs: Chris Brown’s Comeback|publisher=Yahoo! Music|first=Paul|last=Grein|date=October 31, 2012|accessdate=October 31, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,667,000'''
|-
| "[[I'm Yours (Jason Mraz song)|I'm Yours]]"
| [[Jason Mraz]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,104,000<ref name="I'm Yours Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-april-22-2012-record-maroon-5-003153171.html|title=Week Ending April 22, 2012: A Record For Maroon 5 |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 500,000<ref name="I'm Yours Ringtones">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22I_M_YOURS%22 |title=RIAA "I'm Yours" Certifications |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,604,000'''
|-
| "[[Just Dance (song)|Just Dance]]"
| [[Lady Gaga]] featuring [[Colby O'Donis]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,600,000<ref name="Just Dance Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/news/ask-billboard-was-lady-gaga-s-born-this-1007298762.story |title=Ask Billboard: Was Lady Gaga's 'Born This Way' a Disappointment? |publisher=Billboard |accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,600,000'''
|-
| "[[Boom Boom Pow]]"
| [[The Black Eyed Peas]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,340,000<ref name="Chart Watch Feb. 26">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-feb-26-2012-songs-clarkson-sets-012557866.html |title=Week Ending Feb. 26, 2012. Songs: Clarkson Sets “Idol” Record |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul |last=Grein |accessdate=July 20, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,500,000'''
|-
| "[[Tik Tok]]"
| [[Kesha]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,332,000<ref name="Yahoo Aug 20 2012"/>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,400,000'''
|-
| "[[Irreplaceable]]"
| [[Beyoncé]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 3,139,000<ref name="Chart Watch Oct. 31"/>
|style="text-align: center;"| 3,000,000<ref name="Irreplaceable Ringtones">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Beyonce|title=Irreplaceable|accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,139,000'''
|-
| "[[Call Me Maybe]]"
| [[Carly Rae Jepsen]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,138,000<ref name="Call Me Maybe Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-nov-18-2012-songs-rihanna-ties-213422610.html |title=Week Ending Nov. 18, 2012. Songs: Rihanna Ties Madonna |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul|last=Grein|accessdate=December 10, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,138,000'''
|-
| "[[I Will Always Love You#I Will Always Love You (Whitney Houston song)|I Will Always Love You]]"
| [[Whitney Houston]]
|style="text-align: center;"| 4,591,000<ref name="I Will Always Love You">{{cite journal|author=Gary Trust|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/news/ask-billboard-battle-of-the-divas-round-1004007651.story |title=Billboard: Battle of the Divas, Round 3|publisher=Billboard|date=August 28, 2009|accessdate=June 26, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 1,472,000<ref name="I Will Always Love You Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-feb-12-2012-songs-luv-madonna-012009756.html |title=Week Ending Feb. 12, 2012. Songs: Luv For Madonna|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo Music|date=February 15, 2012|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}
*{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-feb-19-2012-songs-women-charge-064735953.html |title=Week Ending Feb. 19, 2012. Songs: Women Take Charge|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo Music|date=February 23, 2012|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,063,000'''
|-
| "[[Dynamite (Taio Cruz song)|Dynamite]]"
| [[Taio Cruz]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,000,000<ref name="Dynamite Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-april-22-2012-record-maroon-5-003153171.html |title=Week Ending April 22, 2012: A Record For Maroon 5 |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=Paul|last=Grein|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,000,000'''
|-
| "[[Firework (song)|Firework]]"
| [[Katy Perry]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,000,000<ref name="Firework Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-dec-9-2012-songs-consolation-bieber-040132040.html |title=Week Ending Dec. 9, 2012. Songs: Consolation For Bieber|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo Music|date=December 12, 2012|accessdate=December 17, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,000,000'''
|-
| "[[Hey, Soul Sister]]"
| [[Train (Band)|Train]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 6,000,000<ref name="Hey, Soul Sister Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-july-15-2012-songs-blow-one-213010349.html |title=Week Ending July 15, 2012. Songs: Blow Me (One More Hit) |publisher=Yahoo! Music|first=Paul|last=Grein|date=July 18, 2012|accessdate=July 25, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,000,000'''
|-
| "[[Ridin']]"
| [[Chamillionaire]] featuring [[Krayzie Bone]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 2,000,000<ref name="Ridin' Downloads">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Chamillionaire|title=Ridin_|accessdate=August 16, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| 4,000,000<ref name="Ridin' Ringtones">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Chamillionaire|title=Ridin_|accessdate=August 16, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,000,000'''
|-
| "[[Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)]]"
| [[Beyoncé]]
|style="text-align: center;"|
|style="text-align: center;"| 5,000,000<ref name="Chart Watch Oct. 31"/>
|style="text-align: center;"| 1,000,000<ref name="Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) Ringtones">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Beyonce|title=Single Ladies|accessdate=November 8, 2012}}</ref>
|style="text-align: center;"| '''6,000,000'''
|}

=== Over 5 million copies ===
[[File:Katy Perry 2011 3.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Katy Perry]] is the first singer in digital history to have four songs that sold 5 million copies in the United States.]]
[[File:Miley Cyrus Wonder World concert at Auburn Hills 06.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Miley Cyrus]] the youngest artist to sell 5 million in a single.]]
* "[[Apologize (song)|Apologize]]", [[Timbaland]] featuring [[OneRepublic]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ask Billboard: The Republic Of Ryan Tedder|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-the-republic-of-ryan-tedder-1005290242.story?page=3|last=Trust|first=Gary|publisher=Billboard|date=2011-06-22|accessdate=2012-06-28}}</ref>
* "[[Party in the U.S.A.]]", [[Miley Cyrus]]<ref name="Chart Watch Oct. 31"/>
* "[[Bad Romance]]", [[Lady Gaga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-dec-4-2011-songs-katy-goes-020228383.html|title=Week Ending Dec. 4, 2011. Songs: Katy Goes On Sale|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-12-07|publisher=Yahoo! music |accessdate=2011-12-13}}</ref>
* "[[California Gurls]]", [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Snoop Dogg]]<ref name="Katy four 5 million"/>
* "[[E.T. (song)|E.T.]]", [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Kanye West]]<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|accessdate=August 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Empire State of Mind]]", [[Jay-Z]] & [[Alicia Keys]]<ref name="Yahoo Aug 20 2012">{{cite news |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-aug-19-2012-songs-swift-set-203143800.html |title=Week Ending Aug. 19, 2012. Songs: Swift Makes Digital History |first=Paul|last=Grein|publisher=Yahoo!|date=2012-08-20|accessdate=2012-08-22}}</ref>
* "[[Eye of the Tiger]]", [[Survivor (band)|Survivor]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Eye+of+the+Tiger%22 "Eye of the Tiger" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref><ref name="Old U.S. digital singles II"/>
* "[[Fuck You (Cee Lo Green song)|Fuck You]]", [[Cee Lo Green]] <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Gold Digger (Kanye West song)|Gold Digger]]", [[Kanye West]] featuring [[Jamie Foxx]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Kanye West|title=Gold Digger|relyear=2007|certyear=2012|accessdate=November 1, 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Grenade (Bruno Mars song)|Grenade]]", [[Bruno Mars]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Grenade%22 "Grenade" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Hound Dog (song)|Hound Dog]]"/"[[Don't Be Cruel]]", [[Elvis Presley]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.pe/books?ei=u1JNT_y6IYivgwev_OSkAg&id=t5oYAAAAIAAJ&q=US+sales+top+5+million#search_anchor|title=Rock movers & shakers, Volume 1991, Part 2|page=400|author=Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1991|accessdate=2012-02-28}}</ref>
* "[[Hot n Cold]]", [[Katy Perry]]<ref name="Katy four 5 million"/>
* "[[It's Now or Never (song)|It's Now or Never]]", Elvis Presley<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.pe/books?id=5iIKAQAAMAAJ&q=%2220+million+%28five+million+of+these%22#search_anchor|title=Million selling records from the 1900s to the 1980s: an illustrated directory|last=Murells|first=Joseph|publisher=Batsford|date=December 31, 1984|page=101|accessdate=July 9, 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song)|Just the Way You Are]]", [[Bruno Mars]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Lose Yourself]]", [[Eminem]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-aug-28-2011-songs-jagger-as-icon.html |title=Week Ending Aug. 28, 2011. Songs: Jagger As Icon | Chart Watch - Archives - Yahoo! Music |publisher=Music.yahoo.com |date=2011-08-31 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[Love Story (Taylor Swift song)|Love Story]]", [[Taylor Swift]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Taylor Swift|title=Love Story|award=Platinum|number=5|relyear=2008|certyear=2010|accessdate=June 26, 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Love the Way You Lie]]", [[Eminem]] featuring [[Rihanna]] <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Moves Like Jagger]]", [[Maroon 5]] featuring [[Christina Aguilera]] <ref name="yahoo1">{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-april-29-2012-songs-gotye-makes-230605099.html |title=Week Ending April 29, 2012. Songs: Gotye Makes Digital History | Chart Watch (NEW) - Yahoo! Music |publisher=Music.yahoo.com |date=2012-05-02 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[Need You Now (song)|Need You Now]]", [[Lady Antebellum]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Need+You+Now%22 "Need You Now" certifications] RIAA - Gold and Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Right Round]]", [[Flo Rida]] featuring [[Kesha]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[SexyBack]]", [[Justin Timberlake]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Justin Timberlake|title=Sexy Back|type=single|accessdate=2012-10-31|relyear=2007}}</ref>
* "[[Sexy and I Know It]]", [[LMFAO (group)|LMFAO]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Sexy+and+I+Know+It%22 "Sexy and I Know It" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Someone like You (Adele song)|Someone like You]]", [[Adele (singer)|Adele]] <ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Someone+Like+You%22 "Someone Like You" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Viva La Vida]]", [[Coldplay]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein|first=Paul|title=Chart Watch Extra: Adele Tops Brit Tally|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/chart-watch-extra-adele-tops-brit-tally-183403147.html|publisher=Yahoo!|date=2011-11-24|accessdate=2012-06-24}}</ref>
* "[[We Are Young]]", [[Fun (band)|Fun]] featuring [[Janelle Monáe]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Fun.|title=We Are Young|type=single|accessdate=2012-06-25|relyear=2011|certyear=2012}}</ref>
* "[[Whatever You Like (T.I. song)|Whatever You Like]]", [[T.I.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Whatever+You+Like%22|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=2012-08-08}}</ref>

=== Over 4 million copies ===
[[File:Les Black Eyed Peas en concert au VIP Room Paris 3.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[The Black Eyed Peas]]' I Gotta Feeling is the best-selling song in digital history]]
* "[[Airplanes (song)|Airplanes]]", [[B.o.B]] featuring [[Hayley Williams]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You (Mariah Carey song)|All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", [[Mariah Carey]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-dec-11-2011-songs-mariah-christmas-014142349.html |title=Week Ending Dec. 11, 2011. Songs: Mariah’s Christmas Gift |last=Grein|first=Paul|work=[[Yahoo! Music]]|publisher=[[Nielsen Company|Nielsen Business Media]]|date=2011-12-14|accessdate=2011-12-15}}</ref>
* "[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]', [[Queen (band)|Queen]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|title=Bohemian Rhapsody|artist=Queen|type=single|accessdate=22 March 2012|salesamount=4,000,000 (including digital)}}</ref><ref name="Paul 10/24/12">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-oct-21-2012-songs-maroon-5-211420641.html|title=Week Ending Oct. 21, 2012. Songs: Maroon 5′s “Nixon Moment”|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo! Music|date=2012-10-24|accessdate=2012-10-24}}</ref>
* "[[Born This Way (song)|Born This Way]]", [[Lady Gaga ]]
* "[[Bleeding Love]]", [[Leona Lewis]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Week Ending June 6, 2010: “Surf’s Up” And “Wipe Out”|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/55025/week-ending-june-6-2010-surfs-up-and-wipe-out/ |publisher=Yahoo!|date=9 June 2010|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Disturbia (song)|Disturbia]]", [[Rihanna]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74398/week-ending-aug-7-2011-songs-place-your-bets/ |first=Paul|last=Grein|title=Week Ending Aug. 7, 2011. Songs: Place Your Bets|publisher= Yahoo!|date=2011-08-10|accessdate=2012-08-03}}</ref>
* "[[Down (Jay Sean song)|Down]]", [[Jay Sean]] featuring [[Lil Wayne]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Sean_+Jay%22 "Down" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Fireflies (song)|Fireflies]]", [[Owl City]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Fireflies%22 "Fireflies" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Gives You Hell]]", [[The All-American Rejects]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Gives+You+Hell%22 "Gives You Hell" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Heartless (Kanye West song)|Heartless]]", [[Kanye West]]<ref name="chart watch 2012-09-19">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-sept-16-2012-songs-mindless-fun-022236621.html|title=Week Ending Sept. 16, 2012. Songs: Novelty Hit Of The Year|date=2012-09-19|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo! Music}}</ref>
* "[[Hey Jude]]", [[The Beatles]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=The Beatles|title=Hey Jude|certyear=1999|relyear=1968|accessdate=2012-06-28}}</ref>
* "[[I Kissed a Girl]]", [[Katy Perry]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="Katy four 5 million"/>
* "[[I Want to Hold Your Hand]]", [[The Beatles]]<ref name=goldendiscs>{{cite book|title=The Book of Golden Discs|edition=2, illustrated|first=Joseph|last=Murrells|publisher=[[Barrie & Jenkins]]|isbn=0-214-20480-4|year=1978|url=http://books.google.com.pe/books?ei=sBhIT5mKHYqZgwf-_fSPDg&id=UxRAAAAAMAAJ&dq=Hot+Butter+%22Popcorn%22+single+sold+million+copies+1972&q=Hand%22+topped+the+charts#search_anchor}}</ref>
* "[[If I Die Young]]", [[The Band Perry]] <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Let It Rock (Kevin Rudolf song)|Let It Rock]]", [[Kevin Rudolf]] featuring [[Lil Wayne]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Let+It+Rock%22 "Let It Rock" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Like a G6]]", [[Far East Movement|Far★East Movement]] featuring [[The Cataracs]] and [[Dev (singer)|Dev]]<ref name="chart watch 2012-09-19"/>
* "[[Lips of an Angel]]", [[Hinder]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Hinder|title=Lips of an Angel|type=single|accessdate=2012-10-31|relyear=2006}}</ref>
* "[[Live Your Life]]", [[T.I.]] featuring [[Rihanna]]<ref>[http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-nov-27-2011-songs-record-rihanna-014630174.html]</ref>
* "[[Macarena (song)|Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)]]", [[Los Del Rio]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|title=Macarena|artist=Los Del Rio|award=Platinum|number=4|relyear=1996|certyear=1996|accessdate=25 May 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Not Afraid]]", [[Eminem]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-aug-14-2011-songs-not-bad.html |title=Week Ending Aug. 14, 2011. Songs: Not Bad | Chart Watch - Archives - Yahoo! Music |publisher=Music.yahoo.com |date=2011-08-17 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[OMG (Usher song)|OMG]]", [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]] featuring [[will.i.am]] <ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74340/week-ending-march-6-2011-songs-rated-pg/ |title=Week Ending March 6, 2011: Songs: Rated PG | Chart Watch - Yahoo! Music |publisher=New.music.yahoo.com |date=2011-03-09 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[Party Like a Rockstar]]", [[Shop Boyz]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Shop Boyz|title=Party Like a Rockstar|type=single|accessdate=2012-10-31|relyear=2007}}</ref>
* "[[Payphone (song)|Payphone]]", [[Maroon 5]] featuring [[Wiz Khalifa]] <ref name="chart watch august 29 2012">{{cite web|last=Grein|first=Paul|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-aug-26-2012-songs-taylor-vs-192400813.html|title=Week Ending Aug. 26, 2012. Songs: Taylor vs. Gaga, Week 2 |publisher=Yahoo!|date=2012-08-29|accessdate=2012-08-30}}</ref>
* "[[Pumped Up Kicks]]", [[Foster the People]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Foster the People|title=Pumped Up Kicks|certyear=2012|relyear=2010}}</ref>
* "[[Rockstar (Nickelback song)|Rockstar]]", [[Nickelback]]
* "[[Set Fire to the Rain]]", [[Adele (singer)|Adele]]<ref name="chart watch 11 july">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-april-8-2012-songs-jepsen-digital-001143419.html |title=Week Ending July 8, 2012. Songs: Jepsen’s Digital Record|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo Music|date=11 July 2012|accessdate=12 July 2012}}</ref>
* "[[So What (Pink song)|So What]]", [[P!nk]]
* "[[Stronger (Kanye West song)|Stronger]]", [[Kanye West]]
* "[[Super Bass]]", [[Nicki Minaj]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Sweet Child o' Mine]]', [[Guns N' Roses]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|title=Sweet Child o_ Mine|artist=Guns N' Roses|type=single|accessdate=November 1, 2012|salesamount=4,295,000 (including digital)}}</ref><ref name="Paul 10/24/12"/>
* "[[Teenage Dream (Katy Perry song)|Teenage Dream]]", [[Katy Perry]]<ref name="riaa.com">{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database |title=Recording Industry Association of America |publisher=RIAA |date= |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[Thriller (Michael Jackson song)|Thriller]]", [[Michael Jackson]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Jackson, Michael|title=Thriller|accessdate=2012-05-24}}</ref><ref name="Old U.S. digital singles II">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-march-18-2012-songs-80s-party-004336988.html |title=Week Ending March 18, 2012. Songs: Your ’80s Party Mix-Tape |publisher=New.music.yahoo.com|date=2012-03-21|accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref>
* "[[Umbrella (song)|Umbrella]]", [[Rihanna]] featuring [[Jay-Z]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Umbrella%22 "Umbrella" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[We Found Love]]", [[Rihanna]] featuring [[Calvin Harris]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-jan-8-2012-songs-she-da-013317936.html |title=Week Ending Jan. 8, 2012. Songs: She Da One | Chart Watch (NEW) - Yahoo! Music |publisher=Music.yahoo.com |date=2012-01-11 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[Whoomp! (There It Is)]]", [[Tag Team]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Whoomp_%22 "Whoomp! (There It Is)" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[You Belong with Me]]", [[Taylor Swift]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database# |title=Recording Industry Association of America |publisher=RIAA |date= |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)]]", [[Kelly Clarkson]] <ref name="http://atrl.net/forums/showthread.php?p=9487227#9487227"/>
=== Over 3 million copies ===
{{Div col|cols=3}}

* "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]", [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] featuring [[Justin Timberlake]]
* "[[Another One Bites the Dust]]", [[Queen (band)|Queen]]
* "[[Blow (Kesha song)|Blow]]", [[Kesha]]<ref name="Yahoo Aug 20 2012"/>
* "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)|Baby]]", [[Justin Bieber]] featuring [[Ludacris]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Bad Day (Daniel Powter song)|Bad Day]]", [[Daniel Powter]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Bad+Day%22 "Bad Day" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Beat It (song)|Beat It]]", [[Michael Jackson]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Michael Jackson|title=Beat It|accessdate=2012-05-24}}</ref><ref name="MJ digital singles"/>
* "[[BedRock (song)|BedRock]]", [[Young Money]] featuring [[Lloyd (singer)|Lloyd]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Bedrock%22 "Bedrock" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Before He Cheats]]", [[Carrie Underwood]]<ref name="July10">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74389/week-ending-july-10-2011-songs-rolling-over-everybody/|title=Week Ending July 10, 2011. Songs: Rolling Over Everybody|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-07-13|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Big Girls Don't Cry (Fergie song)|Big Girls Don't Cry]]", [[Fergie (singer)|Fergie]]
* "[[Billie Jean]]", [[Michael Jackson (singer)|Michael Jackson]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Michael Jackson|title=Billie Jean|accessdate=2012-05-24}}</ref><ref name="MJ digital singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-who-has-the-most-million-selling-1005379792.story|title=Ask Billboard: Who Has the Most Million-Selling Downloads?|last=Trust|first=Gary|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=2011-09-30|accessdate=2012-05-24}}</ref>
* "[[Billionaire (song)|Billionaire]]", [[Travie McCoy]] featuring [[Bruno Mars]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74391/week-ending-july-17-2011-songs-demis-breakthrough/|title=Week Ending July 17, 2011. Songs: Demi's Breakthrough|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-07-20|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Black and Yellow]]", [[Wiz Khalifa]]
* "[[Bottoms Up (Trey Songz song)|Bottoms Up]]", [[Trey Songz]] featuring [[Nicki Minaj]] {{Certification Cite Ref|region=United States|type=singles|title=Bottoms Up|artist=Trey Songz feat. Nicki Minaj}}
* "[[Boyfriend]]", [[Justin Bieber]]
* "[[Break Your Heart (Taio Cruz song)|Break Your Heart]]", [[Taio Cruz]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Break+Your+Heart%22 "Break Your Heart" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')]]", [[T-Pain]]
* "[[Can't Buy Me Love]]", [[The Beatles]]
* "[[Chasing Cars]]", [[Snow Patrol]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74369/week-ending-may-22-2011-songs-flooding-the-zone/|title=Week Ending May 22, 2011. Songs: Flooding The Zone|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Chicken Fried]]", [[Zac Brown Band]]
* "[[Circus]]", [[Britney Spears]]
* "[[The Climb (song)|The Climb]]", [[Miley Cyrus]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22The+Climb%22 "The Climb" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley song)|Crazy]]", [[Gnarls Barkley]]<ref name="June19">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74378/week-ending-june-19-2011-bad-teenage-dreams/|title=Week Ending June 19, 2011. Bad Teenage Dreams|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-06-22|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Crazy Bitch]]", [[Buckcherry]]
* "[[Dead and Gone]]", [[T.I.]] featuring [[Justin Timberlake]]<ref name="August21"/>
* "[[Dirt Road Anthem]]", [[Jason Aldean]]<ref name="yahoo2">{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-may-6-2012-songs-payphone-hits-000641914.html |title=Week Ending May 6, 2012. Songs: “Payphone” Hits Paydirt | Chart Watch (NEW) - Yahoo! Music |publisher=Music.yahoo.com |date=2012-05-09 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love]]", [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]]<ref name="August21"/>
* "[[Don't Matter]]", [[Akon]]
* "[[Don't Stop the Music (Rihanna song)|Don't Stop the Music]]", [[Rihanna]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Don_t+Stop+the+Music%22 "Don't Stop the Music" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Don't Trust Me]]", [[3OH!3]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Don_t+Trust+Me%22 "Don't Trust Me" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Fergalicious]]", [[Fergie (singer)|Fergie]] featuring [[will.i.am]]
* "[[Fire Burning]]", [[Sean Kingston]]
* "[[Forever (Chris Brown song)|Forever]]", [[Chris Brown (American entertainer)|Chris Brown]]
* "[[Forever (Drake song)|Forever]]", [[Drake (entertainer)|Drake]] featuring [[Kanye West]], [[Lil Wayne]] and [[Eminem]]
* "[[Gangnam Style]]", [[Psy]]
* "[[Gangsta's Paradise (song)|Gangsta's Paradise]]", [[Coolio]] featuring [[L.V. (singer)|L.V.]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Gangsta_s+Paradise%22 "Gangta's Paradise" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)|Girlfriend]]", [[Avril Lavigne]]<ref>http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-what-are-the-best-selling-1005413232.story?page=2</ref>
* "[[Give Me Everything (Pitbull song)|Give Me Everything]]", [[Pitbull (entertainer)|Pitbull]] featuring [[Ne-Yo]], [[Afrojack]] & [[Nayer]]<ref name="August21">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74403/week-ending-aug-21-2011-rolling-to-a-record/|title=Week Ending Aug. 21, 2011: Rolling To A Record|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-08-24|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Glad You Came]]", [[The Wanted]]
* "[[Glamorous (song)|Glamorous]]", [[Fergie (singer)|Fergie]]
* "[[Good Feeling (song)|Good Feeling]]", [[Flo Rida]]
* "[[Good Life (OneRepublic song)|Good Life]]", [[OneRepublic]]
* "[[Halo (Beyoncé Knowles song)|Halo]]", [[Beyoncé]]<ref name="Old U.S. digital singles II"/>
* "[[Hey There Delilah]]", [[Plain White T's]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|title=Hey There Delilah|artist=Plain White T_s|award=Platinum|number=3|accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref>
* "[[How to Save a Life]]", [[The Fray]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|title=How to Save a Life|artist=Fray_ The|award=Platinum|number=3|accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Hips Don't Lie]]", [[Shakira]] featuring [[Wyclef Jean]]
* "[[How Do I Live]]", [[LeAnn Rimes]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22How+Do+I+Live%22 "How Do I Live" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[(Everything I Do) I Do It for You]]", [[Bryan Adams]]
* "[[I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)]]", [[Pitbull (entertainer)|Pitbull]]
* "[[I Like It (Enrique Iglesias song)|I Like It]]", [[Enrique Iglesias]] featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]] <ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22I+Like+It%22 "I Like It" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[I Wanna Love You (Akon song)|I Wanna Love You]]", [[Akon]] featuring [[Snoop Dogg]]
* "[[I'll Be Missing You]]", [[Sean Combs|Puff Daddy]] & [[Faith Evans]] featuring [[112 (band)|112]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22I_ll+Be+Missing+You%22 "I'll Be Missing You" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)]]", [[T-Pain]] featuring [[Young Joc]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=T-Pain|title=I_m _n Luv _Wit a Stripper_|type=single|accessdate=2012-10-31|relyear=2006}}</ref>
* "[[I'm on One]]", [[DJ Khaled]] featuring [[Lil Wayne]], [[Drake (entertainer)|Drake]] and [[Rick Ross]]
* "[[If I Were a Boy]]", Beyoncé<ref name="Beyoncé Top Downloads">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-the-twitter-sized-edition-1007986302.story?utm_source=most_recent#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-the-twitter-sized-edition-1007986302.story?utm_source=most_recent |title=Ask Billboard: The Twitter-Sized Edition |publisher=Billboard|first=Gary |last=Trust |accessdate=October 20, 2012}}</ref><ref name="If I Were a Boy Ringtones">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=mastertone|artist=Beyonce|title=If I Were a Boy|accessdate=October 20, 2012}}</ref>
* "[[In My Head (Jason Derülo song)|In My Head]]", [[Jason Derulo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-aug-12-2012-songs-flo-rida-212614570.html |title=Week Ending Aug. 12, 2012. Songs: Flo Rida Breaks Female Lock|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo! Music|date=2012-08-15|accessdate=2012-08-15}}</ref>
* "[[It's Goin' Down (Yung Joc song)|It's Goin' Down]]", [[Yung Joc]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Yung Joc|title=It_s Goin_ Down|type=single|accessdate=2012-10-31|relyear=2006}}</ref>
* "[[It's Not Over (Daughtry song)|It's Not Over]]", [[Daughtry (band)|Daughtry]]
* "[[Jar of Hearts]]", [[Christina Perri]]
* "[[Just A Dream (Nelly song)|Just A Dream]]", [[Nelly (rapper)|Nelly]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Just Can't Get Enough (The Black Eyed Peas song)|Just Can't Get Enough]]", [[The Black Eyed Peas]]
* "[[Laffy Taffy]]", [[D4L]]
* "[[Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)]]", Katy Perry
* "[[Let's Get It Started]]", [[The Black Eyed Peas]]
* "[[Lights (Ellie Goulding song)|Lights]]", [[Ellie Goulding]]<ref name="chart watch august 29 2012"/>
* "[[Look at Me Now (Chris Brown song)|Look at Me Now]]", [[Chris Brown (American entertainer)|Chris Brown]] featuring [[Lil Wayne]] and [[Busta Rhymes]]
* "[[Love Lockdown]]", [[Kanye West]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="July3">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74385/week-ending-july-3-2011-songs-sons-of-a-legend/|title=Week Ending July 3, 2011. Songs: Sons Of A Legend|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-07-06|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Love Me Tender (song)|Love Me Tender]]"/"Any Way You Want Me", [[Elvis Presley]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Elvis Presley|title=Love Me Tender_Any Way You Want Me|accessdate=August 2012}}</ref>
* "[[Love Song (Sara Bareilles song)|Love Song]]", [[Sara Bareilles]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Ni**as in Paris]]", [[Jay-Z]] and [[Kanye West]]<ref>http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-nov-4-2012-songs-power-voice-222837557.html</ref>
* "[[No Air]]", [[Jordin Sparks]] featuring [[Chris Brown (American entertainer)|Chris Brown]]<ref name="July10"/>
* "[[No One (Alicia Keys song)|No One]]", [[Alicia Keys]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Nothin' on You]]", [[B.o.B]] featuring [[Bruno Mars]]
* "[[On The Floor]]", [[Jennifer Lopez]]<ref name="August28">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74406/week-ending-aug-28-2011-songs-jagger-as-icon/|title=Week Ending Aug. 28, 2011. Songs: Jagger As Icon|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-08-31|publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]]|accessdate=2011-09-01}}</ref>
* "[[One More Night (Maroon 5 song)|One More Night]]", [[Maroon 5]]<ref name="December2">{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-dec-2-2012-songs-brit-225430921.html|title=Week Ending Dec. 2, 2012. Songs: sill & Brit|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2012-12-05|publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]]|accessdate=2012-12-07}}</ref>
* "[[Only Girl (In the World)]]", [[Rihanna]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Our Song (Taylor Swift song)|Our Song]]", [[Taylor Swift]]
* "[[Over the Rainbow]]/[[What a Wonderful World]]", [[Israel Kamakawiwoʻole]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74420/week-ending-oct-2-2011-songs-gone-but-not-forgotten/;_ylt=AiD_OJ9nEgtKcMuaQRr99VUPwiUv|title=Week Ending Oct. 2, 2011. Songs: Gone But Not Forgotten|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=Yahoo! Music|date=2011-10-05|accessdate=2012-05-10}}</ref>
* "[[Paparazzi (Lady GaGa song)|Paparazzi]]", [[Lady Gaga]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Paparazzi%22 "Paparazzi" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Paper Planes]]", [[M.I.A. (artist)|M.I.A.]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Paper+Planes%22 "Paper Planes" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Pocketful of Sunshine (song)|Pocketful of Sunshine]]", [[Natasha Bedingfield]]<ref name="June12">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74376/week-ending-june-12-2011-songs-the-odd-couples/|title=Week Ending June 12, 2011. Songs: The Odd Couples|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-06-15|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Raise Your Glass]]", [[Pink (singer)|Pink]]<ref name="May15">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74366/week-ending-may-15-2011-songs-idol-boosts-tyler/|title=Week Ending May 15, 2011. Songs: Idol Boosts Tyler|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-05-18|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
* "[[Replay (Iyaz song)|Replay]]", [[Iyaz]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Replay%22 "Replay" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Run This Town]]", [[Jay-Z]] featuring [[Rihanna]] and [[Kanye West]]<ref name="yahoo2"/>
* "[[S&M (song)|S&M]]", [[Rihanna]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74409/week-ending-sept-4-2011-songs-adeles-back-on-top/;_ylt=Ai4Ihm9CudbPFuqnqZ7bSOsPwiUv |title=Week Ending Sept. 4, 2011. Songs: Adele’s Back On Top | Chart Watch - Archives - Yahoo! Music |publisher=New.music.yahoo.com |date=2011-09-07 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[Sexy Bitch]]", [[David Guetta]] featuring [[Akon]]<ref name="March13">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74342/week-ending-march-13-2011-songs-spears-second-act/|title=Week Ending March 13, 2011: Songs: Spears' Second Act|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=2011-03-16|publisher=Yahoo! Music|accessdate=2011-08-26}}</ref>
* "[[Smack That]]", [[Akon]] featuring [[Eminem]]
* ″[[Some Nights]]", [[fun.]]<ref>http://www.billboard.com/news?utm_source=most_recent#/news/maroon-5-spends-eighth-week-atop-hot-100-1008004152.story</ref>
* "[[Starships (song)|Starships]]", [[Nicki Minaj]] <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* "[[Stereo Hearts]]", [[Gym Class Heroes]] featuring [[Adam Levine]]
* "[[Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)]]", [[Kelly Clarkson]]<ref>http://www.billboard.com/#/news/gotye-s-hot-100-leader-expands-multi-format-1007008352.story</ref>
* "[[Sweet Home Alabama (song)]]", [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]]
* "[[Take a Bow (Rihanna song)|Take a Bow]]", [[Rihanna]]
* "[[Telephone (Lady Gaga song)|Telephone]]", [[Lady Gaga]] featuring [[Beyoncé]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74412/week-ending-sept-11-2011-songs-the-voices/;_ylt=AmX.LIhRFzV790zPl.KgMvUPwiUv |title=Week Ending Sept. 11, 2011. Songs: The Voices | Chart Watch - Archives - Yahoo! Music |publisher=New.music.yahoo.com |date=2011-09-14 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[The Lazy Song]]", [[Bruno Mars]]
* "[[The Show Goes On]]", [[Lupe Fiasco]]
* "[[The Sweet Escape (song)|The Sweet Escape]]", [[Gwen Stefani]] featuring [[Akon]]<ref name="yahoo1"/>
* "[[The Time (Dirty Bit)]]", [[The Black Eyed Peas]]<ref name="July3"/>
* "[[The Way I Are]]", [[Timbaland]] featuring [[Keri Hilson]] and [[D.O.E.]]
* "[[Titanium (song)|Titanium]]", [[David Guetta]] featuring [[Sia Furler|Sia]]
* "[[Tonight (I'm Lovin' You)]]", [[Enrique Iglesias]] featuring [[Ludacris]] and [[DJ Frank E]]<ref name="yahoo3">{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-april-15-2012-songs-gotye-beats-220532819.html |title=Week Ending April 15, 2012. Songs: Gotye Beats Bieber | Chart Watch (NEW) - Yahoo! Music |publisher=Music.yahoo.com |date=2012-04-18 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* "[[Use Somebody]]", [[Kings of Leon]]
* "[[We Are the Champions]]", [[Queen (band)|Queen]]<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|title=We Are the Champions|artist=Queen|award=Platinum|certyear=1978|accessdate=29 March 2012|salesamount=3,243,000 (including digital)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/66353/chart-watch-extra-songs-from-the-last-century/|title=Chart Watch Extra: Songs From The Last Century|last=Grein|first=Paul|publisher=[[Nielsen Company|Nielsen Business Media]]. [[Yahoo! Music]]|date=2010-09-24|accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref>
* "[[We R Who We R]]", [[Kesha]]<ref name="Yahoo Aug 20 2012"/>
* "[[We Will Rock You]]", [[Queen (band)|Queen]]
* "[[What I've Done]]", [[Linkin Park]]
* "[[What Makes You Beautiful]]", [[One Direction]]
* "[[What's My Name? (Rihanna song)|What's My Name?]]", [[Rihanna]] featuring [[Drake (entertainer)|Drake]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&title=&artist=rihanna&perPage=100 |title=RIAA – Gold & Platinum: "Rihanna" |accessdate=May 18, 2011 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] }}</ref> <ref name="Yahoomusicchart">{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74284/week-ending-jan-23-2011-songs-mars-attacks/|title=Week Ending Jan. 23, 2011: Songs: Mars Attacks – Yahoo! Chart Watch|publisher=New.music.yahoo.com |date=2011-01-23|accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref>
* "[[Whatcha Say]]", [[Jason Derülo]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&title=Whatcha%20Say&artist=Jason%20Derulo&format=SINGLE&perPage=25 "Whatcha Say" certifications] RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database</ref>
* "[[Whistle (Flo Rida song)|Whistle]]", [[Flo Rida]]<ref>http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-nov-4-2012-songs-power-voice-222837557.html</ref>
* "[[Wild Ones (song)|Wild Ones]]", [[Flo Rida]] featuring [[Sia Furler|Sia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-nov-4-2012-songs-power-voice-222837557.html |title=Week Ending Nov. 4, 2012. Songs: The Power Of “The Voice” |accessdate=November 7, 2012 |publisher=[[Yahoo!]] }}</ref>
* "[[Womanizer (song)|Womanizer]]", [[Britney Spears]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/britney-spears-lead-singles-track-by-track-1004138407.story|title=Britney Spears' Lead Singles, Track-By-Track}}</ref>
* "[[Yeah! (Usher song)|Yeah!]]", [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]] featuring [[Lil Jon]] and [[Ludacris]]<ref name="yahoo3"/>
* "[[Young, Wild and Free]]", [[Snoop Dogg]] and [[Wiz Khalifa]] featuring [[Bruno Mars]]
* "[[You Found Me]]", [[The Fray]]<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&title=You Found Me&artist=Fray The&format=SINGLE&label=Epic#]</ref>
* "[[Your Love Is My Drug]]", [[Kesha]]<ref name="Yahoo Aug 20 2012"/>
* "[[You're Beautiful]]", [[James Blunt]]

{{Div col end}}

== Best-selling single by year ==
Here's a year-by-year look at the #1 best-selling songs of each of the past 20 years. From 1992 through 2004, the numbers are for physical singles. From 2005 on, they are for digital songs.<ref name="nmyc 20y">Grein, Paul (2011-05-06). [http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74361/chart-watch-extra-20-years-of-top-songs/ "Chart Watch Extra: 20 Years Of Top Songs"]. Chart Watch. Yahoo! Music.</ref>

*1992: "I Will Always Love You", [[Whitney Houston]] - 3,086,000
*1993: "Whoomp! (There It Is)", [[Tag Team]] - 2,754,000
*1994: "I'll Make Love To You", [[Boyz II Men]] - 1,627,000
*1995: "Gangsta's Paradise", [[Coolio]] featuring [[L.V. (singer)|L.V.]] - 2,534,000
*1996: "Macarena (bayside boys mix)", [[Los Del Rio]] - 3,747,000
*1997: "Candle In The Wind 1997", [[Elton John]] - 8,111,000
*1998: "The Boy Is Mine", [[Brandy & Monica]] - 2,591,000
*1999: "Believe", [[Cher]] - 1,707,000
*2000: "Maria, Maria", [[Santana (band)|Santana]] featuring The Product G&B - 1,337,000
*2001: "Loverboy", [[Mariah Carey]] - 571,000
*2002: "A Moment Like This", [[Kelly Clarkson]] - 600,000
*2003: "This Is The Night", [[Clay Aiken]] - 948,000
*2004: "I Believe", [[Fantasia Barrino|Fantasia]] - 401,000
*2005: "Beverly Hills", [[Weezer]] - 962,000
*2006: "Bad Day", [[Daniel Powter]] - 1,936,000
*2007: "Crank That (Soulja Boy)", [[Soulja Boy]] Tell'em - 2,714,000
*2008: "Bleeding Love", [[Leona Lewis]] - 3,420,000
*2009: "Boom Boom Pow", [[The Black Eyed Peas]] - 4,762,000
*2010: "California Gurls", [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Snoop Dogg]] - 4,398,000
*2011: "Rolling in the Deep", [[Adele (singer)|Adele]] - 5,813,000<ref name=ChartWatch>{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/chart-watch-extra-top-25-hits-200054457.html|title=Chart Watch Extra: The Year’s Top 30 Hits|last=Grein|first=Paul|work=[[Yahoo! Music]]|publisher=[[Nielsen Company|Nielsen Business Media]]|date=2011-12-14|accessdate=2012--01-05}}</ref>

== Top ten best-selling artists ==
=== Digital songs ===
#[[Rihanna]] - 47,571,000<ref name="sales-1">[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120105005547/en/Nielsen-Company-Billboard%E2%80%99s-2011-Music-Industry-Report]</ref>
#[[Black Eyed Peas]] - 42,405,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Eminem]] - 42,290,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Lady Gaga]] - 42,078,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Taylor Swift]] - 41,821,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Katy Perry]] - 37,620,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Lil' Wayne]] - 36,788,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Beyoncé]] - 30,439,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Kanye West]] - 30,242,000<ref name="sales-1"/>
#[[Ke$ha]] - 29,000,000<ref name="sales-1"/>

== Achievements ==
* [[Rihanna]] was named the Hot Digital Songs Artist of the 2000s decade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end#/charts-decade-end/digital-songs-artists?year=2009 |title=Digital Songs Artists: Best of the 2000s |work=Billboard.com|accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref>
* After his passing, [[Michael Jackson]] became the first artist in digital history to sell one million downloads in a week, with a record-breaking 2.6 million downloads of his songs.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Michael Jackson First Artist to Sell Over 1 Million Downloads in a Single Week|last=Van Buskirk|first=Eliot|url=http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2009/07/michael-jackson-first-to-sell-over-1-million-downloads-in-a-single-week/ |publisher=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=2009-07-01|accessdate=2012-06-06}}</ref>
* [[Katy Perry]] is the only artist to top the five million mark with four songs —"[[Hot N Cold]]", "[[California Gurls]]", "[[Firework (song)|Firework]]" and "[[E.T. (song)|E.T.]]"— which is more than any other artist in digital history.<ref name="Katy four 5 million">{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-nov-27-2011-songs-record-rihanna-014630174.html |title=Week Ending Nov. 27, 2011. Songs: The Record Rihanna Would Like To Shed | Chart Watch (NEW) - Yahoo! Music |publisher=Music.yahoo.com |date=2011-11-30 |accessdate=2012-05-25}}</ref>
* [[Adele (singer)|Adele]]'s song "[[Rolling in the Deep]]" became the first song to sell five million downloads in a single calendar year.
* [[Taylor Swift]]'s "[[We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together]]" became the fastest selling digital single in iTunes history, selling one-million copies in five days as well as topping all of the charts in various countries simultaneously.
* [[Miley Cyrus]] is the youngest lead artist to have a single that sold more than five million downloads for her single "[[Party in the U.S.A.]]".
* [[Gotye]] and [[Kimbra]]'s "[[Somebody That I Used to Know]]", [[Carly Rae Jepsen]]'s "[[Call Me Maybe]]", [[Fun (band)|Fun.]] and [[Janelle Monáe]]'s "[[We Are Young]]" are the first three songs to sell at least five million downloads in a single semester, with 6,667,000, 6,000,000, and 5,381,000 downloads sold respectively.
* [[Lady Gaga]]'s hit single "[[Just Dance (song)| Just Dance]]" became the best selling song for a debut artist in the United States, with 6.6 million copies.

== See also ==
* [[RIAA certification]]
* [[List of best-selling singles]]
* [[List of best-selling albums in the United States]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=28em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.RIAA.org RIAA website]
* [http://www.billboard.com ''Billboard Magazine''] - a magazine that publishes weekly music rankings

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Best-Selling Singles In The United States}}
[[Category:Lists of best-selling songs|Singles in the United States]]

[[de:Liste der meistverkauften Singles in den USA]]
[[it:Lista dei singoli più venduti negli Stati Uniti d'America]]
[[pl:Lista najlepiej sprzedających się singli w Stanach Zjednoczonych]]

Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012 video game)

2012-12-26T03:34:24Z

220.255.2.26: /* Marketing and release */

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Need for Speed: Most Wanted
| image = [[File:Need for Speed, Most Wanted 2012 video game Box Art.jpg|256px]]
| caption = ''Need for Speed: Most Wanted''{{'}}s cover art. The subtitle, "A Criterion game", was added to help differentiate it from the 2005 original.
| developer = [[Criterion Games]] [[FireMonkeys]] (iOS/Android)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.needforspeed.com/news/blog/become-most-wanted-wherever-you-are?category=3269 |title=Need for Speed Most Wanted: tablet, smartphone, iOS and PlayStation Vita | Need for Speed Racing Game |publisher=Needforspeed.com |date= |accessdate=17 August 2012}}</ref>
| publisher = [[Electronic Arts]]
| distributor = 
| director = Alex Ward (Creative) Craig Sullivan (Creative)
| producer = Matt Webster
| designer = Matt Follett<ref>{{cite web|title=E3 2012: Speedwall Walkthrough|url=http://www.gametrailers.com/video/e3-2012-need-for/731535|publisher=gametrailers.com|accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref>
| composer = Chris Green<ref>{{cite web|title=Chris Green|url=http://www.air-edel.co.uk/representation/144/chris-green/|publisher=Air Edel|accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref>
| series = ''[[Need for Speed]]''
| engine = Chameleon (Modified)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twitter.com/NeedforSpeed/status/210984390866644992 |title=Twitter / NeedforSpeed: @jesse685 Most Wanted is p |publisher=Twitter.com |date= |accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref>
| version = 1.2.0
| platforms = [[Microsoft Windows]] [[PlayStation 3]] [[PlayStation Vita]] [[Xbox 360]] [[iOS]]<ref name="Criterion's most wanted">{{cite web|url=http://www.needforspeed.com/news/blog/criterions-most-wanted |title=Criterion's Most Wanted |publisher=Needforspeed.com |date=3 June 2012 |accessdate=8 June 2012}}</ref> [[Android (operating system)|Android]]<ref name=pre-order/> [[Kindle Fire]] [[Wii U]]<ref name="MostWantedforWiiU">{{cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2012/121025e.pdf |title=Supplementary Information about Earnings Release |date=25 October 2012 |publisher=[[Nintendo]] |accessdate=25 October 2012}}</ref>
| released = '''Microsoft Windows''', '''PlayStation 3''', '''PS Vita''', '''Xbox 360''', '''iOS''', '''Android''', '''Kindle Fire''' {{vgrelease|NA=30 October 2012}}{{vgrelease|AUS=1 November 2012}}{{vgrelease|EU=2 November 2012}}{{vgrelease|JP=15 November 2012}}
'''Wii U'''<ref name="WiiU2012">{{cite web|last=Jackson |first=Mike |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/375061/need-for-speed-most-wanted-confirmed-for-wii-u/ |title=Wii U News: Need for Speed Most Wanted confirmed for Wii U |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date= |accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref> {{vgrelease|NA=2013|AUS=2013|EU=2013}}
| genre = [[Racing video game|Racing]], [[open world]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]]
| ratings = {{vgratings|ACB=|ESRB=E10+|PEGI=12}}
| media = [[Optical disc]], [[Digital distribution|download]]
| requirements = See ''[[Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012 video game)#Marketing and release|marketing and release]]'' section
}}

'''''Need for Speed: Most Wanted''''' (commonly abbreviated to as '''''NFS: MW''''' or simply '''''Most Wanted''''') is a 2012 [[Nonlinear gameplay|open-world]] [[Racing video game|racing]] [[video game]], developed by British games developer [[Criterion Games]] and [[Video game publisher|published]] by [[Electronic Arts]]. Announced on 4 June 2012, during EA's [[Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012|E3]] press conference, ''Most Wanted'' is the nineteenth title in the long-running ''[[Need for Speed]]'' series and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, PlayStation Vita, iOS and Android, beginning in North America on 30 October 2012, with a Wii U version following in 2013.<ref name="WiiU2012"/> The game picked up on the ''[[Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005 video game)|Most Wanted]]'' [[intellectual property|IP]], as opposed to the ''[[Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010 video game)|Hot Pursuit]]'' reboot that Criterion developed previously.<ref>{{cite web |last=Crossley |first=Rob |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/350592/ea-confirms-next-criterion-game-need-for-speed/ |title=EA confirms next Criterion game: Need for Speed |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=9 April 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref>

== Gameplay ==

[[File:NFS Most Wanted (2012) gameplay.png|thumb|left|The player's car is in pursuit by police cars during a racing session.]]
''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'' takes on the gameplay style of its first installment, ''[[Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005 video game)|Most Wanted]]'' title in the ''Need for Speed'' franchise. ''Most Wanted'' allows players to select one car and compete against other racers in three types of events: Sprint races, which involves traveling from one point of the city to another, Circuit races, each having three laps total and Speed runs, which involve traversing through a course in the highest average speed possible. There is also the Ambush races, which start with the player surrounded by cops and tasked to evade their pursuit as quickly as possible. Cops are integrated into certain racing sessions, in which the police deploy vehicles and tactics to stop the player's car and arrest the player, like the original ''Most Wanted''. At each event there are two upgrades that can be unlocked for the current car, one of them is unlocked for players who manage to finish at least in second while the other is only obtained by winning. <ref>{{cite web|author=MotoGamesTV |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=le8RfO82Yvk |title=Need for Speed Most Wanted - E3 2012 Trailer and Gameplay |publisher=YouTube |date=4 June 2012 |accessdate=6 June 2012}}</ref> The game features a Blacklist (also known as The Most Wanted List) of 10 racers, similar to the single-player section of the original ''Most Wanted'', which featured 15 Blacklist racers. As the Most Wanted racers are defeated, their cars are added to the player's roster.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/NeedforSpeed/status/210603477276168192 |title=Twitter / NeedforSpeed: @itsthegreatone The Blackl |publisher=Twitter.com |date= |accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/NeedforSpeed/status/210429274312818690 |title=Twitter / NeedforSpeed: @thebradlz Yes! You are Mo |publisher=Twitter.com |date= |accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref> In this reiteration the focus shifts from Rockport, the city in the original, to a new city called Fairhaven.

''Most Wanted'' has been likened to the ''[[Burnout (series)|Burnout]]'' series. Like ''[[Burnout Paradise]]'', races have a start and end point but players can choose their own route to the finish line, a departure from the original ''Most Wanted'', but similar to "crew challenges" from the sequel, ''[[Need for Speed: Carbon|Carbon]]''.<ref name=e3>{{cite web|last=Robinson |first=Martin |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-06-04-need-for-speed-most-wanted-release-date |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted release date |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=4 June 2012 |accessdate=6 June 2012}}</ref> Destructibles, such as billboards and fences; and drive-thru shops, such as petrol stations and repair garages, from ''Paradise'' are also featured.

The game uses Autolog, the competition-between-friends system developed by Criterion for ''[[Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010 video game)|Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit]]'', and since used in other titles in the ''Need for Speed'' series. Autolog in ''Most Wanted'' plays a larger role and gives more information to players. Activities in-game allow players to earn Speed Points which can boost players up on the Most Wanted list. Autolog recommendations have now been integrated into the game world, rather than sit externally on the menu system.<ref name=e3/>

''Most Wanted'' features a new social system called Cloudcompete, which strings together ''Most Wanted'' across all platforms in an inspired example of cross-compatibility. One profile is used for all versions of the game, allowing the player to rank up on one format and continue progress on another.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teamvvv.com/en/news/comments/Need-for-Speed-Most-Wanteds-CloudCompete-redefines-cross-compatibility |title=Need for Speed Most Wanted's CloudCompete redefines cross-compatibility |publisher=Teamvvv.com |date= |accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Stephen Johnson |url=http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/726909/need-for-speed-most-wanteds-cloudcompete-system-announced/ |title=Need For Speed Most Wanted's CloudCompete System Announced |publisher=G4tv.com |date= |accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref>

The driving model of the game has been described as "deep, physical and fun", not as arcade-styled as the ''Burnout'' series and ''Hot Pursuit'', but far from a simulator. ''Most Wanted'' has a range of real-world vehicles, a mix of muscle cars, street racers and exotics, described as "the wildest selection of cars yet".<ref name="Criterion's most wanted"/> The cars can be altered with visual and performance upgrades, such as paint colors, reinflatable tyres, suspensions, engine, nitrous oxide, and body work that enables players to crash through roadblocks.<ref name=PWND>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/06/29/latest-pwnd-episode-shows-unseen-footage-of-need-for-speed-most-wanted/ |title=Latest PWND episode shows unseen footage of Need for Speed: Most Wanted |publisher=VG247 |date=13 April 2012 |accessdate=29 June 2012}}</ref> A feature called EasyDrive enables players to customise their vehicles while in action. For the first time in ''Need for Speed'' history, all of the cars are available from the start, hidden in different locations throughout Fairhaven; the player have to discover them in order to unlock them.<ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson |first=Martin |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-08-14-cloudcompete-ties-together-need-for-speed-most-wanteds-different-platforms |title=Cloudcompete ties together Need for Speed: Most Wanted's different platforms |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=2 August 2012 |accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref>

==Development==

{{quote box|align = left|width = 25em|"We looked through the entire history of ''Need for Speed'', and we came across the game. We really loved the premise of being the 'Most Wanted' amongst your friends, which is a really powerful idea. We really liked that. This game is all about being the Most Wanted among your friends."|source = —Hamish Young from Criterion Games<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/06/08/need-for-speed-most-wanteds-social-aspect-is-a-really-powerful-idea/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted’s social aspect is "a really powerful idea" |publisher=VG247 |date=8 June 2012 |accessdate=29 June 2012}}</ref>}}

In November 2011, it was revealed that Criterion Games was developing another ''Need for Speed'' game, according to a job advertisement. According to the job listing, the studio was "looking for talented Cinematic Artists to work on the world’s number one, multi award winning, arcade racing franchise." According to the listing, players should expect "entertaining, compelling in-game cinematic action sequences" from the racer, as well as "intense car action sequences, terrifying jumps, insane crashes and epic car chases."<ref>{{cite web |last=Griffiths |first=Andy |url=http://www.gamerzines.com/need-for-speed/news/criterion-developing-speed/ |title=Criterion developing another Need For Speed |publisher=Gamerzines.com |date=17 November 2011 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref> Earlier in the year, another job advert revealed that Criterion was developing a game with "believable, open world AI racing drivers."<ref>{{cite web |last=Yin |first=Wesley |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-08-05-criterion-hiring-for-open-world-racer |title=Criterion hiring for open world racer |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=5 August 2011 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref> On 11 January 2012, British retailer [[Game (retailer)|Game]] revealed that EA plans to release ''[[Medal of Honor: Warfighter]]'' and a new entry in the ''Need for Speed'' series later that year, which was shown by EA during a confidential presentation. However, the developer and what direction the racing series takes in 2012 was not revealed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ivan |first=Tom |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/331992/new-medal-of-honor-in-2012-retailer-game-tweets/ |title=New Medal of Honor in 2012, retailer GAME tweets |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=12 January 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Purchese |first=Robert |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-01-12-game-outs-new-medal-of-honour-need-for-speed-13 |title=GAME outs new Medal of Honor, Need for Speed 13 |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=12 January 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref> On 23 January 2012, Criterion's creative director, Craig Sullivan, said on Twitter that the Guildford-based studio has "lots to share over the coming months". Sullivan didn't provide any further details, except to say the upcoming announcement/s are "going to be BIG".<ref>{{cite web |last=Hussain |first=Tamoor |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/333088/criterion-teases-big-announcement/ |title=Criterion teases 'BIG' announcement |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=23 January 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref> On 8 April 2012, South African-based online retailer BTGames listed ''[[Dead Space 3]]'' and ''Need for Speed: Most Wanted 2'' for pre-order.<ref>{{cite web|last=Phillips |first=Tom |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-04-18-need-for-speed-most-wanted-2-outed-by-retailer |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted 2 outed by retailer |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=18 April 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref>

[[File:NFSMW2012 first image.jpg|thumb|right|The first promotional image of ''Most Wanted'', posted by the official ''Need for Speed'' Facebook page.]]
On 7 May 2012, EA confirmed that new entries in both the ''Dead Space'' and ''Need for Speed'' franchises will be on shelves by March 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dutton |first=Fred |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-05-07-new-dead-space-need-for-speed-due-by-march-2013 |title=New Dead Space, Need For Speed due by March 2013 |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=7 May 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref> The then unnamed and unannounced ''Need for Speed'' game was slated for a Q3 2012 release, which would have been any time between October and Christmas 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson |first=Mike |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/346681/new-need-for-speed-this-year/ |title=New Need for Speed this year |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=7 May 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref> On 25 May 2012, a booth schedule sent out by [[TwitchTV]] revealed that EA is showing off ''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'' at E3. While EA previously confirmed that a new ''Need for Speed'' is on the way, this was the first time its title had been confirmed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldfarb |first=Andrew |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/05/25/need-for-speed-most-wanted-outed-by-e3-schedule |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted Outed by E3 Schedule |publisher=IGN |date=25 May 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mallory |first=Jordan |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2012/05/26/report-need-for-speed-most-wanted-listed-on-e3-booth-schedul/ |title=Report: 'Need for Speed: Most Wanted' listed on E3 booth schedule |publisher=Joystiq |date=26 May 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref> On 1 June 2012, EA officially confirmed the existence of the Criterion-developed ''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'' as part of the publisher's E3 line-up.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cullen |first=Johnny |url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/06/01/ea-confirms-need-for-speed-most-wanted-2-in-e3-line-up/ |title=EA confirms Criterion-made NFS: Most Wanted for E3 |publisher=VG247 |date=1 June 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Dutton |first=Fred |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-06-01-ea-confirms-dead-space-3-new-need-for-speed-most-wanted |title=EA confirms Dead Space 3, new Need For Speed: Most Wanted |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=1 June 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2012}}</ref>

''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'' was officially revealed at EA's Media Briefing during [[Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012|E3 2012]], with a trailer which showed a police chase involving a street race. The trailer was followed by a live demo of the game on stage by creative director Craig Sullivan. When asked about that Criterion Games would only be focused on ''Need for Speed'', meaning no more ''[[Burnout (series)|Burnout]]'', Sullivan stated "It's more a case of wanting to get ''Need for Speed'' back on its feet after last year," referring to the poorly-received ''[[Need for Speed: The Run]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clark |first=Tim |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/351249/criterion-aiming-to-get-need-for-speed-back-on-its-feet-following-run/ |title=News: Criterion aiming to 'get Need for Speed back on its feet' following Run |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=4 June 2012 |accessdate=6 June 2012}}</ref> Producer Matt Webster stated that ''Most Wanted'' is "everything we know about open-world driving, just piling it together. All the best stuff about ''Burnout'' and everything we did in ''[[Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010 video game)|Hot Pursuit]]'', we're just smashing them together."<ref>{{cite web |first=Johnny |last=Cullen |url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/06/07/need-for-speed-most-wanted-features-all-the-best-shit-from-burnout-paradise-hot-pursuit-says-criterion/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted features "all the best shit" from Burnout Paradise, Hot Pursuit, says Criterion |publisher=VG247 |date=7 June 2012 |accessdate=8 June 2012}}</ref>

On 30 July 2012, it was reported that ''Most Wanted'' will include some form of [[Kinect]] functionality on Xbox 360. The "Better with Kinect" banner was seen emblazoned on the game's Xbox 360 cover during the game latest gameplay trailer.<ref>{{cite web|last=Phillips |first=Tom |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-07-30-criterions-need-for-speed-most-wanted-better-with-kinect-report |title=Criterion's Need for Speed: Most Wanted better with Kinect - report |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date= |accessdate=31 July 2012}}</ref> On 7 September 2012, it was confirmed by producer Matt Webster that the game will support Kinect with a range of support-oriented voice commands that allow players to keep watching the road in front of them. Many of the commands will be tied to the game's "easy drive" menus.<ref>{{cite web|author=Adam Rosenberg |url=http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/726993/need-for-speed-most-wanted-offers-kinect-voice-controls/ |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted Offers Kinect Voice Controls |publisher=G4tv.com |date=16 August 2012 |accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Phillips |first=Tom |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-09-07-need-for-speed-most-wanted-lets-you-mod-your-car-using-kinect |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted lets you mod your car using Kinect |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date= |accessdate=8 September 2012}}</ref>

At [[gamescom]] 2012, [[Sony Computer Entertainment]] announced Cross Buy, which offers the Vita version of a game for free to customers who purchase it on PlayStation 3. When asked by IGN about Cross Buy for ''Most Wanted'', an EA spokesperson told "We're taking it under consideration, but we have no specific plans to announce at this time."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ivan |first=Tom |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/363253/ps3vita-cross-buy-under-consideration-for-need-for-speed-most-wanted/ |title=PlayStation News: PS3/Vita Cross Buy 'under consideration' for Need for Speed: Most Wanted |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date= |accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> Producer Matt Webster announced that the Vita version of the game is "exactly the same game [as the PlayStation 3 version] apart from traffic density and number of players online," which it called a "significant achievement" on the portable.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson |first=Mike |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/375050/need-for-speed-most-wanted-on-vita-is-the-same-game-as-ps3-dev/ |title=PS Vita News: Need for Speed Most Wanted on Vita is 'the same game' as PS3 - dev |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date= |accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref>

{{prettyquote|The old game -- which I loved, it was the first game I ever played on 360 -- that was of the time, right? That was how games were, they were more offline than online. There was more single-player than say, multiplayer. So with this game, like I said, we’ve tried to shake that up. We’ve built multiplayer first; we have to do it very online. We didn’t want to make a sequel to that, because we can’t make a sequel to somebody else’s game; it’s incredibly hard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ausgamers.com/features/read/3239443 |title=Need For Speed Most Wanted Criterion Developer Interview with Alex Ward |publisher=AusGamers.com |date= |accessdate=5 September 2012}}</ref>|Alex Ward, Criterion Games' Vice President}}

==Soundtrack==
As with previous ''Need for Speed'' titles, ''Most Wanted''{{'}}s soundtrack contains a variety of licensed music. Similarly to the very first game in the series, the soundtrack consists of 50% rock music, while thile the other half is electronic.<ref name="NFS:MW OST">{{cite web|url=http://www.nfssoundtrack.com/mw2/|title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted 2012 soundtrack|date=2012-11-05|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> It mainly comprises [[electronic music]] (including [[dubstep]] and [[electronica]]), [[alternative rock]] and [[Hip hop music|hip hop]]. Among these songs are two remixes of [[The Who]] songs originally from the album ''[[Who's Next]]''. ''Most Wanted'' also contains songs from Criterion Games' previous title, ''[[Burnout Crash!]]'', which play over the stereo of parked cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ogg4UDTHybQ|title=NFS Most Wanted - Burnout music Easter egg|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=29 October 2012|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin: 5px;"
|-{{Unicode}}
! style="background:#dde; width:60px;"| Track
! style="background:#dde; width:225px;"| Artist
! style="background:#dde; width:350px;"| Song
|-
| 1 || [[The Who]] || "[[Baba O'Riley]]" (Alan Wilkis Remix)
|-
| 2 || The Who || "[[Won't Get Fooled Again]]" (Cato Remix)
|-
| 3 || [[Calvin Harris]] featuring [[Example (musician)|Example]] || "[[We'll Be Coming Back]]" (KillSonik Remix)
|-
| 4 || [[Dizzee Rascal]] || "[[Bonkers (song)|Bonkers]]"
|-
| 5 || [[Madeon]] featuring Zak Waters || "[[The City (Madeon song)|The City]]"
|-
| 6 || [[Muse (band)|Muse]] || "[[Butterflies and Hurricanes]]"
|-
| 7 || [[Skrillex]] and [[The Doors]] || "[[Breakn' a Sweat]]"
|-
| 8 || Skrillex and The Doors || "Breakn' a Sweat" ([[Zedd (producer)|Zedd]] Remix)
|-
| 9 || [[Nero (band)|Nero]] || "[[Won't You (Be There)]]"
|-
| 10 || [[Rudimental]] featuring [[John Newman (singer)|John Newman]] || "[[Feel the Love]]"
|-
| 11 || Silent Code || "Night Train"
|-
| 12 || Silent Code || "Spell Bound"
|-
| 13 || Silent Code || "East Star"
|-
| 14 || [[The Maccabees (band)|The Maccabees]] || "Unknow"
|-
| 15 || [[The Joy Formidable]] || "Little Blimp"
|-
| 16 || [[Foreign Beggars]] featuring [[Noisia]] || "Contact"
|-
| 17 || [[Flux Pavilion]] featuring [[Sway (rapper)|Sway]] || "Double Edge"
|-
| 18 || [[The Chemical Brothers]] featuring [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q-Tip]] || "[[Galvanize (song)|Galvanize]]"
|-
| 19 || [[Riverboat Gamblers]] || "Blue Ghosts"
|-
| 20 || [[Green Day]] || "[[¡Dos!|Stop When the Red Lights Flash]]"
|-
| 21 || [[Icona Pop]] || "[[I Love It (Icona Pop song)|I Love It]]"
|-
| 22 || Ambassadors || "Unconsolable"
|-
| 23 || [[Dispatch (band)|Dispatch]] || "[[Circles Around the Sun]]"
|-
| 24 || [[We Are the Ocean]] || "The Road (Run for Miles)"
|-
| 25 || [[DJ Fresh]] featuring Dizzee Rascal || "[[The Power (DJ Fresh song)|The Power]]"
|-
| 26 || RuN RIOT || "A Light Goes Off" (RuN RIOT Mix)
|-
| 27 || [[Heaven's Basement]] || "I Am Electric"
|-
| 28 || [[Deadmau5]] featuring [[Wolfgang Gartner]] || "Channel 42"
|-
| 29 || [[Above & Beyond (band)|Above & Beyond]] || "Anjunabeach"
|-
| 30 || [[The Vaccines]] || "Bad Mood"
|-
| 31 || C&D || "The Chase"
|-
| 32 || [[Poliça]] || "Violent Games"
|-
| 33 || [[Bassnectar]] || "Empathy"
|-
| 34 || [[Crosses (band)|Crosses]] || "Telepathy"
|-
| 35 || [[Beware of Darkness (band)|Beware of Darkness]] || "Howl"
|-
| 36 || [[Lower Than Atlantis]] || "Love Someone Else"
|-
| 37 || [[Strange Talk]] || "Cast Away"
|-
| 38 || [[Last Dinosaurs]] || "Zoom"
|-
| 39 || Asherel || "Shake the Dust"
|-
| 40 || [[Band of Skulls]] || "You're Not Pretty But..."
|-
| 41 || [[Dead Sara]] || "Weatherman"
|-
| 42 || Popeska || "Now or Never"
|-
| 43 || [[Mutemath]] || "Allies"
|}

==Marketing and release==
{{Video game requirements
|useminandrec = yes
|caption=System requirements<ref name="PCrequirements">{{cite web|last=Crossley |first=Rob |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/353330/new-need-for-speed-requires-20gb-storage-on-pc/ |title=News: New Need for Speed requires 20GB storage on PC |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=12 June 2012 |accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref>
|platform1=[[Microsoft Windows]]<ref name="PCrequirements"/>
|os1= Windows Vista (SP2) 32-bit ([[Windows XP]] is not supported)
|os1rec=Windows 7 64-bit ([[Windows 8]] is supported)
|cpu1=2 GHz Dual Core (Core 2 Duo 2.4 ghz or Althon X2 2.6 GHz)
|cpu1rec=Quad-Core CPU(Core i5 2.4 ghz or Phenom II)
|memory1=2 GB
|memory1rec=4 GB
|gpu1=DirectX 10.1 compatible with 512 MB RAM (ATI RADEON HD 3870 or higher performance / NVIDIA GEFORCE 8800 GT or higher performance)
|gpu1rec=DirectX 11 compatible with 1024 MB RAM (NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 560 / ATI RADEON HD 6870/6950)
|network1=Internet connection required for activation and multiplayer
|sound1=<center>DirectX compatible</center>
|hdspace1=<center>20 GB of free hard disk space</center>
|input1=[[Computer keyboard|keyboard]], optional controller
|input1rec=[[Xbox 360 Controller]] for Windows
}}

On 18 September 2012, ''[[Computer and Video Games]]'' teamed up with EA to crown UK's Most Wanted racing champion, a two-city event that took the game around the United Kingdom prior to the game's release. The leading UK racer was crowned the UK's Most Wanted champion live on stage at the [[Golden Joysticks]], and received a special ''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'' Golden Joystick, one of the first Golden Joysticks to be won by a member of the gaming public, plus a Limited Edition copy of the game.<ref>[http://www.computerandvideogames.com/369014/win-play-nfs-most-wanted-and-win-one-of-the-first-public-golden-joysticks/ ]{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref>

In addition to the standard edition, a Limited Edition version of the game, was available through pre-order at the same price as the regular game. The Limited Edition features numerous bonuses over the standard edition, including "four hours double Speed Points, custom liveries, pre-customized rollouts and two vehicles: the [[Porsche 911|Porsche 911 Carrera S]] and the [[Maserati GranTurismo#GranTurismo MC Stradale (2011-)|Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale]]."<ref name=pre-order>{{cite web|last=Hinkle |first=David |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2012/06/04/need-for-speed-most-wanted-pulls-into-retail-on-october-30/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted pulls into retail on October 30 [Update: PC, iOS and Android ports, Limited Edition confirmed |publisher=Joystiq |date=4 June 2012 |accessdate=8 June 2012}}</ref> EA also collaborated with several retail outlets on pre-order incentives through several store chains throughout the world. Each retailer offered one of three "special edition extra pack", which consists of multiplayer cars with unique modifications that fit different play styles. Which of the "special edition extra pack" the player received depended upon where they pre-order the game. The "special edition extra packs" on offer were the Speed Pack, Strike Pack and Power Pack.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ivan |first=Tom |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/358285/need-for-speed-most-wanted-limited-edition-pre-order-goodies-revealed/ |title=News: Need for Speed Most Wanted Limited Edition, pre-order goodies revealed |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=13 July 2012 |accessdate=17 July 2012}}</ref>

To celebrate the launch of ''Most Wanted'', a contest where Facebook users could "like" a picture for the chance to win a VIP kit, which included an [[iPhone 4S]], an [[iPad (3rd generation)|iPad 3]], a watch, a pair of [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] shoes, a "Get Wanted" cap, and a copy of the game for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152252961680298&set=pb.212717370297.-2207520000.1352593669&type=3&permPage |title=Need for Speed's Photos |publisher=Facebook |date=2012-11-24 |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref> A single-player demo was released on 13 November on Xbox Live Marketplace worldwide and the PlayStation Network in North America and on 15 November 2012 on the PlayStation Network in Europe. The demo packs four vehicles, each with their own races, challenges and unlockable mods. Speed Points racked up in the demo will also carry over the full game if the player buy it, up to a cap of 50,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shacknews.com/article/76632/need-for-speed-most-wanted-demo-hits-consoles |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted demo hits console |publisher=Shacknews.com |date=2012-11-13 |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>

On 21 November 2012, EA updated the ''Need for Speed Autolog'' iPhone app with support for ''Most Wanted''. The app features the in-game maps, Speed Point tallies, allows to manage friend interactions, change profile picture, view speed walls, and keep up to the latest ''Most Wanted'' info via the news feed. However, the integration of the ''Most Wanted'' data into the ''Autolog'' app means that ''[[Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010 video game)#Marketing and release|Hot Pursuit]]'' players will be temporarily unable to access their accounts, but EA promises that ''Hot Pursuit'' compatability with return "shortly".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPhone/Need+for+Speed+Autolog/news.asp?c=46796 |title=Need for Speed Autolog app now supports Most Wanted |publisher=Pocket Gamer |date=2012-11-22 |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>

===Trailers===
In addition to the trailer shown at the official reveal during E3 2012, several other game trailers have been released, each revealing new aspects of the game. An episode of PWND, released in August 2012, featured new, unseen footage of ''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'', and covered information on the single and multiplayer mode of the game, and the latest generation of Autolog, the Autolog 2.0.<ref name=PWND/> One trailer revealed some of the new cars from the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kotaku.com.au/2012/08/need-for-speed-most-wanted-sends-the-corvette-zr1-down-mean-streets/ |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted Sends The Corvette ZR1 Down Mean Streets |publisher=Kotaku.com.au |date=3 August 2012 |accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> Two trailers revealed the multiplayer aspect of the game.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ivan |first=Tom |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/362993/need-for-speed-most-wanted-multiplayer-trailer/ |title=News: Need for Speed Most Wanted multiplayer trailer |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date= |accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/10/11/need-for-speed-most-wanteds-latest-video-delves-into-the-multiplayer/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted’s latest video delves into the multiplayer |publisher=VG247 |date= |accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> One trailer showcased how players will be able to drive any car they find in the open world location of the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/08/28/need-for-speed-most-wanted-video-if-you-can-find-it-you-can-drive-it/ |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted video – "if you can find it, you can drive it" |publisher=VG247 |date= |accessdate=29 August 2012}}</ref> Two trailers revealed the single-player aspect of the game.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson |first=Mike |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/369114/need-for-speed-most-wanted-trailer-looks-at-single-player/ |title=News: Need for Speed Most Wanted trailer looks at single-player |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date= |accessdate=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/10/05/need-for-speed-most-wanted-video-goes-over-the-most-wanted-list/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted video goes over The Most Wanted List |publisher=VG247 |date=5 October 2012 |accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> One trailer showcased the relationship between the cops and racers.<ref name=GetW>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/09/25/need-for-speed-most-wanted-video-encourages-you-to-get-wanted/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted video encourages you to "Get Wanted" |publisher=VG247 |date=25 September 2012 |accessdate=30 September 2012}}</ref> An extended version of its live action TV advert splices real footage with some gameplay.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson |first=Mike |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/373729/blog/need-for-speed-most-wanted-trailer-splices-live-action-with-gameplay/ |title=CVG Blog: Need for Speed Most Wanted trailer splices live-action with gameplay |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=19 October 2012 |accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref> A trailer was released to explain the game's Kinect integration.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson |first=Mike |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/373905/need-for-speed-most-wanted-video-is-all-about-kinect-integration/ |title=Need For Speed Most Wanted video is all about Kinect integration |date=19 October 2012 |accessdate=27 November 2012}}</ref>

===Downloadable content===
The first DLC pack for ''Most Wanted'' was released on the same day as the game's launch. Dubbed Time Saver Pack, the pack grants the player immediate access to every car in the game's multiplayer, and also marks every car Jackspots on the map in single-player with the exception of the Most Wanted cars.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rich Stone |url=http://www.trueachievements.com/n11238/retail-dlc-roundup-october-30th-2012.htm |title=Retail DLC Roundup: October 30th, 2012 |publisher=Trueachievements.com |date=2010-01-13 |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>

EA announced the first post-launch DLC for ''Most Wanted'' on 6 December 2012. The ''Ultimate Speed Pack'' adds five new cars; the Pagani Zonda R, McLaren F1 LM, Lamborghini Aventador J, Hennessey Venom GT Spyder and Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse. The DLC also features a series of new events for each car and an all-new Most Wanted Racer event just for the Hennessey Venom GT Spyder. In total, there are 25 new High Speed Races and Speed Runs and 70 more multiplayer milestones, plus additional rewards and unlocks.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ivan |first=Tom |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/382167/need-for-speed-most-wanted-dlc-ultimate-speed-pack-announced-screens/ |title=News: Need for Speed Most Wanted DLC: Ultimate Speed Pack announced |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=2012-12-05 |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref> It was released on 18 December on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in North America and on 19 December on PlayStation Network in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|last=Phillips |first=Tom |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-12-06-need-for-speed-most-wanted-expanded-in-800msp-dlc |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted expanded in 800MSP DLC |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date= |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Pre-release===
''Most Wanted'' was well received by critics at [[Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012|E3 2012]] and was awarded with "Best Racing Game" as well as a nomination for "Best Online Multiplayer Game" from [[Game Critics Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/06/20/nominees-for-e3-2012-game-critics-awards-announced/ |title=Nominees for E3 2012 Game Critics Awards announced |publisher=VG247 |date=20 June 2012 |accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamecriticsawards.com/winners.html |title=Game Critics Awards |publisher=Game Critics Awards 2012 |date= |accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref> Previewers who had access to ''Most Wanted'' also called the game a spiritual successor to Criterion's ''[[Burnout Paradise]]'', rather than the original ''[[Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005 video game)|Most Wanted]]'' from 2005, citing similar gameplay mechanics.<ref name="ign">{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/06/06/e3-2012-need-for-speed-most-wanted-is-burnout-paradise-2 |title=E3 2012: Need for Speed: Most Wanted is Burnout Paradise 2 |author=Mitch Dyer |date=5 June 2012 |publisher=IGN |accessdate=9 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Diniz |first=Joao |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-10-12-most-wanted-a-criterion-game-but-is-it-need-for-speed-or-burnout |title=Most Wanted: A Criterion Game, but is it Need for Speed or Burnout? |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date= |accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref>

===Post-release===
{{VG Reviews

|GR = PS3: 87.09%<ref name="NFS:MW GR-PS3">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/672727-need-for-speed-most-wanted-a-criterion-game/index.html |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for PlayStation 3 |publisher=GameRankings |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref> X360:84.40%<ref name="NFS:MW GR-X360">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/672726-need-for-speed-most-wanted-a-criterion-game/index.html |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for Xbox 360 |publisher=GameRankings |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref> PC: 82.00%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/672728-need-for-speed-most-wanted-a-criterion-game/index.html |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for PC |publisher=GameRankings |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref> Vita: 79.00%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/vita/673886-need-for-speed-most-wanted-a-criterion-game/index.html |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for PlayStation Vita |publisher=GameRankings |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref>
|MC = PS3: 85/100<ref name="NFS:MW Metacritic-PS3">{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/need-for-speed-most-wanted---a-criterion-game|title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for Playstation 3|publisher=Metacritic.com |date=30 October 2012 |accessdate=30 October 2012}}</ref> X360: 85/100<ref name="NFS:MW Metacritic-X360">{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/need-for-speed-most-wanted---a-criterion-game|title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for Xbox 360|publisher=Metacritic.com |date=30 October 2012 |accessdate=30 October 2012}}</ref> PC: 82/100<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/need-for-speed-most-wanted---a-criterion-game |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for PC Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More |publisher=Metacritic |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref> Vita: 79/100<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-vita/need-for-speed-most-wanted---a-criterion-game |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted - A Criterion Game for PlayStation Vita Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More |publisher=Metacritic |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref>

| CVG = 7.5<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffin |first=Ben |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/374205/reviews/need-for-speed-most-wanted-review-ambitious-beautiful-frustrating-review/ |title=Review: Need for Speed: Most Wanted review: Ambitious, beautiful, frustrating |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| Edge = 9/10<ref name="NFS:MW E Review">{{cite web|last=Robinson |first=Andy |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/374003/first-need-for-speed-most-wanted-review-edge-awards-910/ |title=News: First Need for Speed: Most Wanted review: Edge awards 9/10 |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date=22 October 2012 |accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref>
| EuroG = 8/10<ref name="NFS:MW EuroG">{{cite web|last=Robinson |first=Martin |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-10-30-need-for-speed-most-wanted-review |title=Need for Speed Most Wanted review |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| G4 = 4.5/5<ref>{{cite web|last=Rosenberg |first=Adam |url=http://www.g4tv.com/games/xbox-360/66143/need-for-speed-most-wanted/review/ |title=Need For Speed Most Wanted Review for Xbox 360 |publisher=G4tv |date= |accessdate=November 5, 2012}}</ref>
| GI = 9/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/need_for_speed_most_wanted/b/ps3/archive/2012/10/24/criterion-unleashes-a-tour-de-force.aspx |title=Criterion Unleashes A Tour De Force |publisher=www.GameInformer.com |date=4 April 2012 |accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref>
| GMaster =
| GRadar = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="NFS:MW GRadar">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/need-for-speed-most-wanted-review-2/ |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted Review |publisher=GamesRadar |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| GSpot = 7.5/10<ref>{{cite web|author=October 30, 2012 6:16PM PDT |url=http://www.gamespot.com/need-for-speed-most-wanted-a-criterion-game/reviews/need-for-speed-most-wanted-review-6399197/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted Review |publisher=GameSpot.com |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| GSpy =
| GT = 8.7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gametrailers.com/games/o5m6hr/need-for-speed--most-wanted |title=GameTrailers NFS:MW Reviews |publisher=www.GameTrailers.com }}</ref>
| IGN = 9/10<ref name="NFS:MW IGN Review">{{cite web|last=Krupa |first=Daniel|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/30/need-for-speed-most-wanted-review-3 |title=Need for Speed Most Wanted Review: Your Next Most Wanted Game|publisher=www.ign.com |date=30 October 2012 |accessdate=30 October 2012}}</ref>
| OPMUK = 8/10<ref name="NFS:MW OPMUK">{{cite web|url=http://www.officialplaystationmagazine.co.uk/review/need-for-speed-most-wanted-ps3-review-pride-is-the-new-pink-slip/ |title=Need For Speed Most Wanted PS3 review - Pride is the new pink slip |publisher=Official PlayStation Magazine |date=2012-10-29 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| OXM = 8.5/10<ref name="NFS:MW OXM">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxmonline.com/need-speed-most-wanted-review |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted review |publisher=Oxmonline.com |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| PCGUS = 85%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/review/need-for-speed-most-wanted-review/ |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted PC review |publisher=Pcgamer.com |date= |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref>
| VG = 9/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.videogamer.com/reviews/need_for_speed_most_wanted_2012_review.html |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted (2012) Review |publisher=VideoGamer.com |date= |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| rev1 = [[Destructoid]]
| rev1Score = 8.5/10<ref name="NFS:MW Des">{{cite web|last=North |first=Dale |url=http://www.destructoid.com/review-need-for-speed-most-wanted-236854.phtml/ |title=Review: Need for Speed Most Wanted |publisher=Destructoid |date= |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>
| rev2 = [[Joystiq]]
| rev2Score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="NFS:MW Joy">{{cite web|last=Hinkle |first=David |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2012/10/30/need-for-speed-most-wanted-review/ |title=Need for Speed: Most Wanted review: Burnout, baby |publisher=Joystiq |date=2012-10-30 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>

|award1Pub = [[Spike Video Game Awards#2012 Awards|Spike]]
|award1 = Best Driving Game
}}

''Most Wanted'' has received highly positive acclaim from professional reviewers. Aggregate website [[Metacritic]] holds the average review at 85% for both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions.<ref name="NFS:MW Metacritic-PS3"/><ref name="NFS:MW Metacritic-X360"/> The two versions received similar scores at [[GameRankings]].<ref name="NFS:MW GR-PS3"/><ref name="NFS:MW GR-X360"/> In the 22 October 2012 edition of ''[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]'', the first review score was given as 9/10. The reviewer praised the Criterion racer's "perfectly" pitched handling, "essential" Autolog social features and its "flowing, coherent" world map, which it says blends the styles of previous ''[[Burnout (series)|Burnout]]'' and ''[[Need for Speed]]'' games. The review said of the game, "Once again, Criterion still manages to stand out and offer something fresh, setting a new standard in open-world driving games with – that word again – a seamless feast of quality."<ref name="NFS:MW E Review"/>

[[IGN]] gave the game 9/10, calling "It's undoubtedly one of the year's most exhilarating experiences."<ref name="NFS:MW IGN Review"/> [[Eurogamer]] gave it a 8/10, and stated "Its sense of character may be not be as forceful as Criterion's other games - but the sense of competition that informs it, the joy of discovery and the plain pleasure of driving haven't been dimmed in the slightest. This isn't quite paradise, but it comes very close."<ref name="NFS:MW EuroG"/>

''[[PlayStation Official Magazine|Playstation Official Magazine UK]]'' gave ''Most Wanted'' a 8/10, and stated "It's achieved a vicious racing experience that thrills so much more than it frustrates, and it's pushed vehicular multiplayer forward significantly, setting the bar so high it's hard to imagine who can better it."<ref name="NFS:MW OPMUK"/> ''[[Official Xbox Magazine]]'' gave it a 8.5/10, stating "''Most Wanted'' delivers raucous entertainment in spades, whether you're battling Fairhaven City's finest in the campaign or dueling network competition in serious races and silly trick competitions. After years of revisiting ''[[Burnout Paradise]]'''s recurring playground, we finally have a fresh racing addiction to keep us hooked until Criterion's next seemingly inevitable open-road opus."<ref name="NFS:MW OXM"/>

''[[The Guardian]]'' gave ''Most Wanted'' a perfect score, stating "Criterion has done it again, setting a new standard for arcade-style racing games which won't be surpassed until the next generation of consoles has been on sale for a while. It actually leaves one feeling a bit sorry for ''[[Forza Horizon]]'', which is a very good game, and infinitely superior to its predecessors. But ''Need For Speed: Most Wanted'' is, by whatever criteria you may see fit to apply, a great game."<ref>{{cite web|author=Steve Boxer |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2012/oct/30/need-for-speed-most-wanted-review |title=Need For Speed: Most Wanted – review |publisher=Guardian |date= |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>

[[Joystiq]] gave it a 4/5, stating "''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'' is the next ''Burnout'' game fans have clamoring for – it may not say so on the box, but everything about it screams ''Burnout''. The feel of the cars, the physics and the eclectic mix of multiplayer modes are all undeniably Criterion qualities, the things old fans love and the properties that convert new fans with every studio release."<ref name="NFS:MW Joy"/>

The game was criticised for some negative issues, such as the single-player. [[GamesRadar]], who gave it a 8/10, stated "If you're not big on multiplayer, there's little reason to pick up ''Most Wanted'' over, say, heading to the bargain bin for a copy of ''Burnout Paradise''. If you're willing to invest a few hours to learning the game's quirks, however, and are at all interested in racing against your friends online, this suddenly becomes one of the most recommendable arcade racers to come along in the past few years."<ref name="NFS:MW GRadar"/> [[Destructoid]], who gave the game a 8.5/10, stated "There are some scrapes with single-player and a lack of polish here and there, but the multiplayer delivers in such a big way that all of this hardly matters. ''Need for Speed Most Wanted'' is that big, crazy, crash-y open-world racer you've been asking for."<ref name="NFS:MW Des"/>

The PlayStation Vita version was praised for how close it is to the console versions. [[GamesRadar]] stated "''Most Wanted'' on PS Vita uses the same city layout and element placement as the 'big' console versions. Obviously there have to be some graphical concessions to make the game run on the Vita."<ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson |first=Andy |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/376045/blog/vitas-nfs-most-wanted-is-closer-to-ps3-than-you-think/ |title=Vita's NFS: Most Wanted is closer to PS3 than you think |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date= |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>

===Sales===
According to [[NPD Group]], ''Most Wanted'' was the seventh-best selling game in the U.S. in November 2012,<ref>{{cite web|last=Ivan |first=Tom |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/382487/black-ops-2-leads-halo-4-in-novembers-us-sales-chart/ |title=News: Black Ops 2 leads Halo 4 in November's US sales chart |publisher=ComputerAndVideoGames.com |date= |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref> at 509,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|author=December 7, 2012 6:44AM PST |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/black-ops-ii-november-us-sales-hit-75-million-6401231 |title=Black Ops II November US sales hit 7.5 million |publisher=GameSpot.com |date=2012-11-06 |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref> However, these figures does not take into account the number of PC units sold, nor sales through digital distribution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2012/12/07/black-ops-moved-7-5-million-copies-in-11-days-according-to-november-npd-data/ |title=Black Ops sold 7.5 million copies in November – NPD |publisher=VG247 |date=2008-01-28 |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref> ''Most Wanted'' was the fifth-best selling game in the United Kingdom in the week of its release, the week's fourth highest new entry.<ref>{{cite web|last=Phillips |first=Tom |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-11-05-uk-charts-assassins-creed-3-top-second-biggest-launch-of-the-year |title=UK chart: Assassin's Creed 3 top, second biggest launch of the year |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=2012-11-05 |accessdate=2012-12-09}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.needforspeed.com/most-wanted}}
{{Need for Speed series}}
{{Criterion Games}}

[[Category:2012 video games]]
[[Category:Android games]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts games]]
[[Category:IOS games]]
[[Category:Kinect games]]
[[Category:Need for Speed games|* 19]]
[[Category:Open world video games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 3 games]]
[[Category:PlayStation Vita games]]
[[Category:Racing video games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Wii U games]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]

[[ar:نيد فور سبيد: موست ونتد (لعبة فيديو 2012)]]
[[ca:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (videojoc del 2012)]]
[[es:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (videojuego de 2012)]]
[[fr:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (jeu vidéo, 2012)]]
[[it:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (videogioco 2012)]]
[[nl:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)]]
[[pl:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)]]
[[pt:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)]]
[[ru:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)]]
[[sk:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)]]
[[tr:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012 video oyunu)]]
[[uk:Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)]]
[[zh:極速快感：新全民公敵]]

Chuhra

2012-12-06T14:33:28Z

220.255.2.26: /* In Islam */

{{For|the Islamic principle|Shura}}
'''Chura''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਚੂੜਾ) is a [[caste]] in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] whose traditional occupation is sweeping. Churas are largely followers of [[Sikhism]] and secondly [[Christianity]]. A small minority practice [[Balmiki sect|Valmikism]], an off shoot or [[cult]]<ref>Indian Social Institute, Indian Institute of Social Order (1976) Social action, Volume 26: Indian Social Institute. p227</ref><ref>Indian Social Institute, Indian Institute of Social Order (1976) Social action, Volume 26: Indian Social Institute. p228</ref><ref>Indian Social Institute, Indian Institute of Social Order (1976) Social action, Volume 26: Indian Social Institute. p235</ref> form of mainstream [[Hinduism]] which still incorporates elements of Sikhism in its practices. They are treated as untouchables or [[Dalit]]s as they occupy the lowest category in [[Hindu Caste System|Hinduism's religious hierarchy]].<ref>Bodley, J.H (2011) Cultural Anthropology: Tribes, States, and the Global System. 5th Ed. Rowman Altamira p 315</ref><ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref>

==In Sikhism==
{{Main|Mazhabi}}
By the 15th century [[Guru Nanak]] the founder of [[Sikhism]] brought a new message and spoke out against the [[caste system]].<ref>Pollock, R. (2002) The Everything World's Religions Book: Discover the Beliefs, Traditions, and Cultures of Ancient and Modern Religions. Everything Books p181</ref> He stressed that all people were equal<ref>Pollock, R. (2002) The Everything World's Religions Book: Discover the Beliefs, Traditions, and Cultures of Ancient and Modern Religions. Everything Books p181</ref> and the new religion forbade the caste system.<ref>Pollock, R. (2002) The Everything World's Religions Book: Discover the Beliefs, Traditions, and Cultures of Ancient and Modern Religions. Everything Books p184</ref> The Churas flocked to the new religion.

Amongst Sikhs, the Churas are known as a warrior landowning caste called [[Mazhabi|Mazhabi Sikhs]],<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bvTHlLRZL8UC&pg=PA20&dq=mazhbi+sikh#v=onepage&q=mazhbi%20sikh&f=false Nation and migration: the politics of space in the South Asian diaspora By Peter van der Veer]</ref><ref>India and World War 1 By DeWitt C. Ellinwood, S. D. Pradhan Page 216</ref> they have a fine and feared reputation as soldiers; a reputaion made famous by their service in the [[Sikh Light Infantry|Sikh 10th Light Infantry]].<ref>[http://sikhli.info/index.php/infantry The Sikh Light Infantry]</ref>

==In Christianity==
The Churas were largely converted to Christianity in [[North India]] during the [[British raj]]. The vast majority were converted from the [[Mazhabi|Mazhabi Sikh]] communities of Punjab, and to a lesser extent Hindu Churas; under the influence of enthusiastic British army officers and Christian missionaries. Consequently, since partition they are now divided between [[Pakistani Punjab]] and [[Indian Punjab]]. Large numbers of Mazhabi Sikhs were also converted in the [[Moradabad district]] and the [[Bijnor district]] <ref>Alter, J.P and J. Alter (1986) In the Doab and Rohilkhand: north Indian Christianity, 1815-1915. I.S.P.C.K publishing p183</ref> of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. [[Rohilkhand]] saw a mass conversion of its entire population of 4500 Mazhabi Sikhs into the [[Methodist Church]].<ref>Alter, J.P and J. Alter (1986) In the Doab and Rohilkhand: north Indian Christianity, 1815-1915. I.S.P.C.K publishing p196</ref> Sikh organisations became alarmed at the rate of conversions among the Mazhabi Sikhs and responded by immediately dispatching Sikh missionaries to counteract the conversions.

==In Hinduism==
The caste system with all its inequalities is closely identified with, and supported by the [[Hindu religion]].<ref>Bodley, J.H (2011) Cultural Anthropology: Tribes, States, and the Global System. 5th Ed. Rowman Altamira p 315</ref> In sharp contrast to a [[Brahmin]] a sweeper born of sweeper parents is considered to be born "''Inherently polluted''".<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref> The Churas occupy the lowest rank in the Hindu religious hierarchy.<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref> Maintenance of purity is especially important for upper castes in the Hindu religion<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref> and if an upper caste were to accept food or drink prepared by members of lower castes, they would become polluted.<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref> For a Hindu to accept food from a [[Christian]] or [[Muslim]] it would be considered "''Highly polluting''"<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref> for the upper caste.<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref> If a [[Brahmin]] where to accept food and drink from a sweeper, he would immediately become polluted and would expect social rejection from his caste fellows.<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p164</ref> from that moment, Brahmins following traditional "''pollution rules''" would refuse food touched by him and would abstain from traditional social interaction from him.<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p165</ref> He will not be welcome in other Brahmin homes and would be barred especially from ritually pure kitchens.<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p165</ref> He and his relatives would also not be considered eligible marriage partners by other Brahmins.<ref>Pruthi, R.K (2004) Indian caste system Culture and civilization series. Discovery Publishing House. p165</ref>

These outdated practices are however no longer present in modern Hindu society in Punjab ,and many Hindu reformers have spoken in favour of Untouchables. These reformers include [[Swami Vivekananda]] ,[[Swami Dayananda]] and several Hindu reform movements who seek to remove caste oppression from India.

===Valmikism===
A minority of Punjabi Churas based around the [[Jallandhar]] area have undergone "''Hinduisation''"<ref>Indian Social Institute, Indian Institute of Social Order (1976) Social action, Volume 26: Indian Social Institute. p227</ref> in the form of the "''[[Balmiki sect|Valmiki]] [[cult]]''"<ref>Indian Social Institute, Indian Institute of Social Order (1976) Social action, Volume 26: Indian Social Institute. p227</ref><ref>Indian Social Institute, Indian Institute of Social Order (1976) Social action, Volume 26: Indian Social Institute. p228</ref><ref>Indian Social Institute, Indian Institute of Social Order (1976) Social action, Volume 26: Indian Social Institute. p235</ref>

==In Islam==
{{Main|Caste system among South Asian Muslims}}
Islam despite placing great emphasis on social equality and brotherhood among all Muslims did not address the problem of untouchability for the Churas or Bhangis, even if they did convert.<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> As a result, only a very few members from this community ever embraced [[Islam]].

Unfortunately, this is the effect of Hinduism on some Muslims, who by practising untouchability have gone against explicit Quranic emphasis of equality. The Quran says " O humankind, We created you from a single pair of a male and a female, and from it you become nations and tribes, so that you may recognize one another. The best among you in the sight of God is the most righteous. GOD is Omniscient, Cognizant." ( Chapter 49 Verse 13 ). And the Prophet Muhammad said " No Arab holds greater esteem over a non-Arab; nor a Black person over a red person; except on the grounds of the one having greater righteousness than the other.' (Tirmidhi)

Churas adopted the externals of Islam by keeping Muslim names, Namaz, Viz, observing Ramadan and burial of the dead.<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> However they never underwent [[circumcision]].<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> Only a few cases of circumcision have ever been recorded for Churas or Bhangis<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> and these were Churas who lived very near [[Friday Mosque|Jama Masjid]].<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> The Churas did not accept [[Mohammed]] as their prophet<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> and also continued observing traditional [[Hindu]] festivals, such as [[Diwali]], Raki and [[Holi]].<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> The [[Muslim caste system]] was simply a continuation from the [[Hindu Caste System]]; and Islam did not raise the social status of Churas.<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> Just like their Hindu brethren they continued with their traditional caste work.<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> Untouchability was fully accepted and justified by the Muslim Orthodoxy<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref> in India and the caste system was fully observed by Muslim society.<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p128</ref>

Just like Hindu Churas who were barred from entrance to temples; Churas were barred from entrance to [[mosque]]s<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p129</ref> and churas were never allowed to go past the outside steps to Muslim religious places.<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p129</ref> Muslim untouchablily even extended after death, Churas were to bury their dead in separate graveyards away from other Muslims.<ref>Sharma, R. Dr. (1995) Bhangi, scavenger in Indian Society: marginality, identity, and politicization of the community. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p129</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dalit]]
*[[Punjabi Shaikh]]
*[[Ravidasi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab}}

[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Dalit communities]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Christian communities of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Dalit Sikh communities]]
[[Category:Dalit Christian communities]]

Carly Rose Sonenclar

2012-12-03T19:29:12Z

220.255.2.26: /* Early life */

{{merge to|List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 2)|discuss=Talk:Carly Rose Sonenclar#Merging|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Carly Rose Sonenclar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[New York, New York]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| years_active = 2006–present
| occupation = Actress, singer, songwriter
| website = {{URL|http://www.carlyrosesonenclar.com}}
}}
'''Carly Rose Sonenclar''' (born 1999) is an American child actress, singer and songwriter. She currently is a finalist in [[The X Factor (U.S. season 2)|second season]] of ''[[The X Factor (U.S.)|The X Factor USA]]''.

==Early life==
Sonenclar was born in [[New York City]] and resides in [[Mamaroneck, New York]]. She began singing at age two, imitating several of the performers on the early years of ''[[American Idol]]''. She took numerous singing, dancing and acting classes, and one of her teachers put her in touch with a New York City talent agency, which signed her. She is Jewish, enjoys softball and has an older brother, Russell.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.masterworksbroadway.com/artist/carly-rose-sonenclar |title=Carly Rose Sonenclar | The Official Masterworks Broadway Site |publisher=Masterworksbroadway.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-29}}</ref><ref>http://ryerecord.com/features/morsels-on-rye-2-24-12.html</ref>

==Career==
===Acting career===
Sonenclar began her professional career in 2006 in ''The Night of the Hunter'' at the New York Musical Theater Festival in which she played the lead role of Pearl. In that same year, she made her Broadway debut in ''Les Miserables'' as Young Cosette. In 2009, she appeared in the national tour of ''Little House on the Prairie the Musical'', starring [[Melissa Gilbert]], originating the principal role of Carrie. Sonenclar made her television debut as Gilda Flip, the newest Prankster and protégé of the lovably evil Francine Carruthers, the leader of the Pranksters, in season three of ''[[The Electric Company (2009 TV series)|The Electric Company]]'', produced by Sesame Workshop and airing on PBS.<ref name=<Mamaroneck_Daily_Voice">{{cite web | url=http://mamaroneck.dailyvoice.com/news/mamaroneck-teen-carly-sonenclar-wows-x-factor | title=Mamaroneck Teen Carly Sonenclar Wows 'X Factor | accessdate=9/15/2012 | date=9/15/2012 | first=Lindita | last=Lika }}</ref>

In 2011, Sonenclar originated the principal role of Chloe in the short-lived musical ''[[Wonderland (musical)|Wonderland]]'' on Broadway and the earlier Tampa workshop. This musical featured music by [[Frank Wildhorn]], best known for the musical ''[[Jekyll and Hyde (musical)|Jekyll and Hyde]]''. In this role, she garnered good reviews,<ref name="curtainup.com">{{cite web | url=http://www.curtainup.com/wonderland11.html | title=Wonderland, A CurtainUp Review' | accessdate=9/15/2012 | date=4/17/2011 | first=Simon | last=Saltzman}}</ref> including one by ''[[The New York Times]]'' theater critic Charles Isherwood, who described Sonenclar as a good actress and an "almost preternaturally skilled singer",<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web | url=http://theater.nytimes.com/2011/04/18/theater/reviews/wonderland-gregory-boyd-frank-wildhorn-review.html?_r=0&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1347841840-8N7B5rhmDyB/cemNK7A/UA | title=There's No Place Like Queens' | accessdate=9/15/2012 | date=4/17/2011 | first=Charles | last=Isherwood}}</ref> and comparisons to [[Sutton Foster]]<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite web | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-18/catchy-wonderland-has-decapitating-queen-warbling-caterpillar-review.html | title=Catchy Wonderland Has Decapitating Queen, Warbling Caterpillar' | accessdate=9/15/2012 | date=4/17/2011 | first=Philip | last=Boroff}}</ref> She is a featured soloist on the cast CD produced by Sony Masterworks and was named the 2011 Best Young Performer by broadwayworld.com. Most recently, Sonenclar originated the lead role of Parsley in ''The Big Bank'', a new musical which was performed at the New York Musical Theater Festival in October, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thebigbank.net/ |title=Latest News – Parsley Infiltrates X-Factor posing as Carly Rose Sonenclar |publisher=The Big Bank |date= |accessdate=2012-10-21}}</ref>

Sonenclar has appeared in two feature movies, a small role in ''[[The Nanny Diaries (film)|The Nanny Diaries]]'' playing "child of nanny" <ref name="official_website">{{cite web | url=http://carlysonenclar.com/?page_id=7 | title=Resume - Carly Rose Music' | accessdate=9/15/2012 | date=9/15/2012 | first=Carly Rose | last=Sonenclar}}</ref> and ''[[Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2]]'', and has made numerous TV guest appearances, including ABC News, WPIX Morning News and NBC News.

===Singing career===
Sonenclar has sung the National Anthem for the [[New York Knicks]] at [[Madison Square Garden]], the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] at [[Dodger Stadium]] and at the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rickey.org/carly-rose-sonenclar-feeling-good-the-x-factor/ |title=Carly Rose Sonenclar - Feeling Good - The X Factor |publisher=Rickey.org |date=2012-09-13 |accessdate=2012-09-29}}</ref> She has performed at numerous charity benefits including one at which she was accompanied by the ex-New York Yankee great, [[Bernie Williams]], who is a world-class Puerto Rican-born guitarist and recording artist.

====2012: ''The X Factor''====
In 2012, Sonenclar auditioned for the [[The X Factor (U.S. season 2)|second season]] of ''[[The X Factor (U.S.)|The X Factor USA]]'' with the song "[[Feeling Good]]", originally sung by [[Nina Simone]]. She was highly praised by all four judges, advancing to the next round.<ref name="xfactor_newsday">{{cite web | url=http://newyork.newsday.com/entertainment/things-to-do/hudson-buzz-1.3774483/carly-rose-sonenclar-wows-judges-on-x-factor-1.4002483 | title=Carly Rose Sonenclar wows judges on 'X Factor' | accessdate=9/15/2012 | date=9/14/2012 | first=Kirthana | last=Ramisetti}}</ref> [[Simon Cowell]] awarded her "4,833 yeses". <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nU_dBDccruI |title=Meet Carly Rose Sonenclar - THE X FACTOR USA |publisher=YouTube |date=2012-09-13 |accessdate=2012-09-30}}{{unreliable source?|date=September 2012}}</ref> Soon after, she advanced through the first day of bootcamp, where she sang "[[Pumped Up Kicks]]". She was of the half that got through out of 120 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/the-x-factor/the-x-factor-recap-boot-camp-i-47777.aspx |title='The X Factor' Recap: Boot Camp in a Nutshell |publisher=Buddytv.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-05}}</ref> She was one of six contestants in the teens category to perform at judges' houses stage of the competition, for [[Britney Spears]] and her guest judge [[will.i.am]], performing the song "[[Brokenhearted (Karmin song)|Brokenhearted]]". Both Spears and will.i.am responded positively to her performance, referring to her as being possessed. She advanced into the Top 16, where she performed "[[Good Feeling (song)|Good Feeling]]". She was put through to the top 13, where she performed "[[It Will Rain]]". She advanced to the Top 12, and it was revealed that Sonenclar was the second-most voted for person in the competition, behind [[Tate Stevens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rickey.org/the-x-factor-2012-top-16-revealed/ |title=The X Factor 2012 - Top 12 Revealed - Video |publisher=Rickey.org |date=2012-10-17 |accessdate=2012-10-21}}</ref> She performed "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" during the top 12 performance episode and advanced into the Top 10, remaining the second-most voted for person, behind Stevens.

On November 21, she performed "[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QP0b_ooHQU&feature=share&list=PLbwFu5MkedP_80OtVI2c3Lbo5pyD2mtjy Somewhere over the Rainbow]" and the next evening it was revealed she was the #1 most voted for contestant in the competition sending her into the top 8. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rickey.org/the-x-factor-top-10-results-live-blog-11222012/ |title=The X Factor - Top 10 Results - Live Blog - 11/22/2012 |publisher=Rickey.org |date= |accessdate=2012-11-29}}</ref> On November 28, she performed "[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17LuYBqJFhY Rolling in the Deep]" and the next evening it was revealed she was once again the #1 most voted for contestant in the competition sending her into the top 6. <ref>[http://www.rickey.org/the-x-factor-top-8-results-live-blog-11292012/ The X Factor - Top 8 Results - Live Blog - 11/29/2012 - Rickey.org]</ref>

=====Performances on ''The X Factor''=====
Carly Rose Sonenclar performed the following songs on ''The X Factor'':

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Show
! scope="col" |Theme
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Original artist
! scope="col" |Order
! scope="col" |Result
|-
! scope="row" |Audition
|Free choice
|"[[Feeling Good]]"
|[[Nina Simone]]
|N/A
|Through to bootcamp
|-
! scope="row" |Bootcamp 1
|Solo performance
|"[[Runaway Baby]]"
|[[Bruno Mars]]
|N/A
|Through to bootcamp 2
|-
! scope="row" |Bootcamp 2
|Duet performance
|Duet "[[Pumped Up Kicks]]" with [[Beatrice Miller]]
|[[Foster the People]]
|N/A
|Through to judges' houses
|-
! scope="row" |Judges' houses
|Free choice
|"[[Brokenhearted (Karmin song)|Brokenhearted]]"
|[[Karmin]]
|N/A
|Through to live shows
|-
! scope="row" | Live show 1
|Made in America
|"[[Etta James Top Ten|Something's Got a Hold on Me]]" / "[[Good Feeling (song)|Good Feeling]]"
|[[Etta James]] / [[Flo Rida]]
|15
|Saved by Britney Spears
|-
! scope="row" | Live show 2
|Songs from movies
|"[[It Will Rain]]"
|Bruno Mars 
|11
|Safe (2nd)
|-
! scope="row" | Live show 3
|Divas
|"[[My Heart Will Go On]]"
|[[Celine Dion]]
|9
|Safe (2nd)
|-
! scope="row" | Live show 4
|[[Thanksgiving (United States)|Giving Thanks]]
|"[[Over the Rainbow]]"
|[[Judy Garland]]
|10
|Safe (1st)
|-
! scope="row" | Live show 5
|Number-ones
|"[[Rolling in the Deep]]"
|[[Adele (singer)|Adele]]
|5
|Safe (1st)
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2| Live show 6
|[[Pepsi Challenge]] songs
|"[[If I Were a Boy]]"
|[[Beyoncé]]
|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| Mentor's choice
|
|
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.carlyrosesonenclar.com}}
* {{IMDb name|2604736}}
* {{IBDB name|441691}}
{{The X Factor (U.S.) contestants}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Sonenclar, Carly Rose
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Actor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1999
| PLACE OF BIRTH = New York City
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sonenclar, Carly Rose}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:People from New York]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American child actors]]
[[Category:American child singers]]
[[Category:American female singers]]
[[Category:The X Factor (U.S.) contestants]]

[[es:Carly Rose Sonenclar]]
[[id:Carly Rose Sonenclar]]
[[fi:Carly Rose Sonenclar]]

Lee Seung-gi

2012-12-01T04:37:26Z

220.255.2.26: /* Compilation albums */

{{Korean name|[[Lee (Korean name)|Lee]]}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Lee Seung Gi/Lee Seung Ki
| image = LEESEUNGGI 2011.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|01|13|df=yes}}
| origin = [[Seoul]], South Korea
| instrument =
| genre = [[K-pop]]
| occupation = Singer, Actor, [[MC]]
| years_active = 2004–present
| label = Hook Entertainment
| associated_acts =
| website = [http://www.leeseunggi.com Official Site]
| current_members =
| past_members =
| notable_instruments =
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
| title = Korean name
| hangul = {{linktext|이|승|기}}
| hanja = {{linktext|李|昇|基}}
| rr = I Seung-gi
| mr = Yi Sŭnggi
}}
'''Lee Seung Gi''' ([[Hangul]]: 이승기, [[Hanja]]: 李昇基) was born on 13 January 1987. He is a [[South Korean]] singer, actor and [[MC]]. He is well known as a member of the first season of weekend variety show ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]'' from November 2007 to February 2012, and the MC of talk show ''[[Strong Heart (Korean TV show)|Strong Heart]]'' from October 2009 to April 2012.

==Career==
Scouted by singer Lee Sun Hee, Lee Seung Gi trained for 2 years before debuting on 5 June 2004 at the age of 17. "Because You're My Girl", his debut song from his first album ''The Dream Of A Moth'', was a ballad which created "liking older women" syndrome in [[South Korea]]. With this song, he won the 'Best Newcomer'' award in various music awards ceremonies in 2004 (such as [[M.net KM Music Festival]], [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Music Awards and [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] Best 10 Singers Music Festival). In 2007, he also won the "Best Male Solo Artist" award<ref>[http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?news_uid=182815 "이승기, 신혜성 불참한 MKMF '남자가수상' 수상"] {{ko icon}} ''Newsen.com''. 17 November 2007</ref> in the [[M.net KM Music Festival]] with his song "White Lie" from his third album ''Story Of Separation''.

Lee Seung Gi released a digital single ''Will You Marry Me'' in 2009. With this single, he received the "Digital Single Bonsang" award<ref>[http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2009121021242257906 "이승기-이승철 '골든디스크' 디지털 음원-디스크 본상 수상"] {{ko icon}} ''Asiae''. 10 December 2009</ref> in the 24th [[Golden Disk Awards]]. In 2010, he recorded a duet version of his 2007 song ''Smile Boy'' with South Korean [[figure skating|figure skater]] [[Kim Yuna]], and the song was the official [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] commercial song in South Korea.<ref>[http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20100515-216382.html "Kim Yu-na to debut as a singer"] ''AsiaOne News''. 15 May 2010</ref><ref>[http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/05/17/2010051700432.html "Kim Yu-na, Lee Seung-gi Collaborate on World Cup Commercial Song"] ''Chosun Ilbo''. 17 May 2010</ref> He also received the "Digital Single Bonsang" award<ref>[http://bntnews.hankyung.com/apps/news?popup=0&nid=04&c1=04&c2=04&c3=00&nkey=201012092127083&mode=sub_view "골든디스크 본상 디지털 음원 본상, 이승기 수상! 활동 많이 못했는데…"] {{ko icon}} ''BNTnews''. 9 December 2010</ref> for the second consecutive time in the 25th [[Golden Disk Awards]] with his song "Love Taught Me To Drink".

In 2005, Lee Seung Gi guest-starred in [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]'s sitcom ''[[Nonstop (TV Series)#Season 5|Nonstop 5]]''. He then officially debuted as an actor in [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]'s 2006 weekend drama ''[[The Infamous Chil Sisters]]''. In 2008, he was offered the main character role in [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]'s historical drama ''[[The Return of Iljimae]]'', but was forced to turn down the offer due to his tight schedule. He was cast as the main male character of [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]'s weekend drama ''[[Brilliant Legacy]]'' in 2009, starring with Korean actresses [[Han Hyo Joo]] and [[Moon Chae Won]]. The drama maintained its top spot in viewer ratings for ten consecutive weeks and ended on July 26, 2009 with its 28th episode attaining a high viewer rating of 47.1%.<ref>[http://www.todaykorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=76827 "'찬란한 유산'행복한 종영에 시청자환호..시청률 47.1%"] {{ko icon}} ''TodayKorea.co.kr''. 27 July 2009</ref> The huge success boosted Lee Seung Gi's popularity as an actor in both [[South Korea]] and overseas. With this drama, he received the "Excellence in Acting (Special Production)" award, the "Top 10 Stars" award and the "Best Couple" award with [[Han Hyo Joo]] in the 2009 [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards.<ref>[http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201001011314341001 베스트커플상 한효주-이승기, 깜찍한 하트 환상의 궁합] {{ko icon}} Newsen.com, January 1, 2010.</ref> His great performance in 2010 [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]'s Wednesday-Thursday drama ''[[My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox]]'' similarly earned him his second "Excellence in Acting (Drama Special)" award, "Top 10 Stars" award and "Best Couple" award with his co-star [[Shin Min-a|Shin Min Ah]] in the 2010 [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards.<ref>[http://www.mydaily.co.kr/news/read.html?newsid=201101010028131118&ext=da '호이커플' 이승기·신민아, 동반 3관왕 '기염'] {{ko icon}} MyDaily.co.kr, January 1, 2011.</ref> Also, in 2012, he participated in a drama called ''[[The King 2 Hearts]].''

Lee graduated from [[Dongguk University]] within 4 years, obtaining his degree in International Trade and Commerce on February 20, 2009 and received a Special Achievement Award<ref>[http://www.mydaily.co.kr/news/read.html?newsid=200902201205491136 "이승기, 총장공로상 수상하며 동국대 졸업"] {{ko icon}} ''MyDaily.co.kr''. 20 February 2009</ref> from the university. He is currently continuing his studies in the Graduate School of [[Dongguk University]].

In March 2012, Lee announced his departure from ''[[Strong Heart (Korean TV show)|Strong Heart]]'', in order to focus on his singing career. He recorded his last episode on 15 March, which was broadcast on 3 April.<ref>[http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2012022316291557288 "Lee Seung-gi to leave 'Strong Heart'"] ''Asiae''. 23 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-22</ref>

On October 2012, Lee's agency announced that he will star in a TV drama tentatively titled ''The Gu Family's Book'' (구가의 서), a fusion fantasy / historical slated for an early 2013 broadcast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Seung Gi and miss A’s Suzy to act together in drama ‘Guga Medical Book’?
|url=http://www.allkpop.com/2012/10/lee-seung-gi-and-miss-as-suzy-to-act-together-in-drama-guga-medical-book}}</ref>

On 30 October 2012, the National Election Commission of South Korea announced that they have appointed Lee as the Honorary Online Ambassador for their campaign for a fair and clean presidential election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nate.com/view/20121030n27760}}</ref>

==Discography==
===Albums===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="75px"| Album #
!width="250px"| Album Information
!width="300px"| Tracklisting
|-
|- bgcolor="#F0F8FF"
|align="center"| '''1'''
| '''나방의 꿈'''
'''''The Dream Of A Moth'''''
* Released: June 25, 2004
* Label: [[EMI|EMI Music Korea]]
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# 시작 ''Start''
# 나방의 꿈 ''The Dream Of A Moth''
# 아무도 ''Nobody'' (feat. 강진우)
# '''내 여자라니까 ''Because You're My Girl'''''
# 아버지 ''Father'' (feat. Psy)
# '''삭제 ''Delete'''''
# 여행 가는 길 ''On The Road To Vacation''
# 내안의 그대 ''You Inside Me''
# 음악시간 ''Music Time''
# J에게 ''Dear J''
# Anding
# 앵콜 ''Encore''}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align="center"| '''2'''
| '''Crazy For You'''
* Released: January 24, 2006
* Label: Yedang Entertainment
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# '''하기 힘든 말 ''Words That Are Hard To Say'''''
# 외쳐본다 ''I'll Cry It Out''
# '''입모양 ''Shape Of Your Lips'''''
# 그래서 어쩌라고 ''So What Should I Do''
# 가면 ''Mask''
# 그럴까봐 ''I'm Afraid It Will Happen''
# 한번만 ''Just One Time''
# Paradise
# Crazy For You (feat. 적혈구 Tommy)
# Beautiful Girl
# 사랑을 지우다 ''Erase Love''
# 첫키스 ''First Kiss''
# 오늘 같은 밤 ''A Night Like Tonight''}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#F0F8FF"
|align="center"| '''3'''
| '''이별 이야기'''
'''''Story Of Separation'''''
* Released: August 17, 2007
* Label: [[Warner Music Group|Vitamin Entertainment]]
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# '''착한 거짓말 ''White Lie'''''
# 투정 ''Grumble''
# '''왜...가니 ''Why... Are You Leaving'''''
# 그랬나요 ''Was It So''
# 미치도록 ''Crazily''
# 미안해하지 마요 ''Don't Be Sorry''
# 잘못 ''Fault''
# 온도 ''Temperature''
# 해피엔딩 ''Happy Ending''
# Smile Boy
# 착한 거짓말 ''White Lie'' (Piano ver.)}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align="center"| '''3.5'''
| '''아직 못 다한 이야기'''
'''''Unfinished Story'''''
* Released: November 14, 2007
* Label: Vitamin Entertainment
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# '''아직 못 다한 이야기 ''Unfinished Story'''''
# 착한 거짓말 ''White Lie''
# 투정 ''Grumble''
# 왜...가니 ''Why... Are You Leaving''
# 그랬나요 ''Was It So''
# 미치도록 ''Crazily''
# 미안해하지 마요 ''Don't Be Sorry''
# 잘못 ''Fault''
# 온도 ''Temperature''
# 해피엔딩 ''Happy Ending''
# Smile Boy
# 착한 거짓말 ''White Lie'' (Piano ver.)}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#F0F8FF"
|align="center"| '''4'''
| '''Shadow'''
* Released: September 17, 2009
* Label: [[LOEN Entertainment]]
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# 꽃처럼 ''Like A Flower''
# 면사포 ''Wedding Veil''
# '''우리 헤어지자 ''Let's Break Up'''''
# Melody
# 사랑이 맴돈다 ''Love Spinning Round''
# 사랑이란 ''Love Is''
# 그렇게 알게 됐어 ''I Got To Know It That Way''
# 널 원해 ''Want You''
# 단념 ''Despair''
# 오래오래오 ''Long, Long Time'' (feat. AMEN)}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align="center"| '''4.5'''
| '''Shadow (Repackage)'''
* Released: January 19, 2010
* Label: LOEN Entertainment
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# 꽃처럼 ''Like A Flower''
# 면사포 ''Wedding Veil''
# 우리 헤어지자 ''Let's Break Up''
# Melody
# 사랑이 맴돈다 ''Love Spinning Round''
# 사랑이란 ''Love Is''
# 그렇게 알게 됐어 ''I Got To Know It That Way''
# 널 원해 ''Want You''
# 단념 ''Despair''
# 오래오래오 ''Long, Long Time'' (feat. AMEN)
# '''사랑이 술을 가르쳐 ''Love Taught Me To Drink'' (feat. 백찬 from 8eight)'''
# 처음처럼 그때처럼 ''Like The Beginning, Just Like Then'' (feat. 강민경 from Davichi)}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#F0F8FF"
|align="center"| '''5'''
| '''Tonight'''
* Released: October 27, 2011
* Label: LOEN Entertainment
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# '''친구잖아 ''Aren't We Friends'''''
# Tonight
# 어디라도 ''Wherever''
# 연애시대 ''Time for Love'' (feat. Ra.D, 한효주)
# 널 웃게 할 노래 ''A Song that will make you Smile'' (feat. 하림, 방탄소년단)
# 그냥 너야 ''Just You''
# 나는 나쁜 남자다 ''I am a Bad Guy''
# Slave (feat. pdogg)
# 친구잖아 ''Aren't We Friends'' (Rock ver.)
# 어디라도 ''Wherever'' (Ra.D Mix ver.)}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align="center"| '''5.5'''
| '''숲'''
'''''Forest'''''
* Released: November 22, 2012
* Label: LOEN Entertainment
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# Intro
# '''되돌리다 ''Turning Back'''''
# 숲 ''Forest''
# 사랑한다는 말 ''Words of Love''
# 나에게 초대 ''An Invitation For Me''}}
|-
|}

===Remake Albums===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="75px"| Album #
!width="250px"| Album Information
!width="300px"| Tracklisting
|-
|- bgcolor="#F0F8FF"
|align="center"| '''1'''
| '''남자가 여자를 사랑할 때'''
'''''When A Man Loves A Woman'''''
* Released: September 6, 2006
* Label: Vitamin Entertainment
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# '''제발 ''Please'''''
# 원하고 원망하죠 ''Desire And Hope''
# 내안의 그대 ''You Inside Me''
# 사랑했잖아 ''We Were In Love''
# 한번만 더 ''One More Time''
# 아디오 ''Addio''
# 고백 ''Confession''
# 눈물 ''Tears''
# 나만의 것 ''My Possession''
# 만남 ''Encounter''
# 원하고 원망하죠 ''Desire And Hope'' (Acoustic ver.)}}
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align="center"| '''2'''
| '''남자가 여자를 사랑할 때 Vol.2'''
'''''When A Man Loves A Woman Vol.2'''''
* Released: March 24, 2008
* Label: Vitamin Entertainment
|align="left" style="font-size: 85%;"|
{{hidden|Tracklisting|
# '''다 줄꺼야 ''I'll Give You All'''''
# 이별의 그늘 ''Shadow Of Separation''
# 미련한 사랑 ''Foolish Love''
# 나를 슬프게 하는 사람들 ''People Who Make Me Sad''
# 동경 ''Yearning''
# 추억속의 그대 ''You In My Memories''
# 잘가요 ''Farewell''
# 하나의 사랑 ''One Love''
# 긴 하루 ''Long Day''
# 너의 뒤에서 ''Behind You''
# 암연 ''Dejected''
# 너의 곁으로 ''To Your Side''}}
|}

===Singles===
* ''Confession'' (고해) / Digital Single (Remake song) / Released on July 21, 2004
* ''Let's Go On A Vacation'' (여행을 떠나요) / Digital Single (Remake song) / Released on May 19, 2008
* ''Will You Marry Me'' (결혼해 줄래) (feat. [[Bizniz]]) / Digital Single / Released on June 18, 2009
* ''Like The Beginning, Just Like Then'' (처음처럼 그때처럼) (feat. [[Davichi#Kang_Min-kyung_.28.EA.B0.95.EB.AF.BC.EA.B2.BD.2C.E5.A7.9C.E7.8F.89.E8.80.BF.29|Kang Min Kyung from Davichi]]) / Digital Single / Released on December 22, 2009
* Smile Boy (Rock ver.) (with [[Kim Yuna]]) / Digital Single / Released on June 1, 2010
* Smile Boy 2010 / Digital Single / Released on June 18, 2010
* ''Losing My Mind'' (정신이 나갔었나봐) / Digital Single / Released on August 4, 2010
* ''From Now On I Love You'' (지금부터 사랑해) / Digital Single / Released on September 16, 2010
* ''Time for Love'' (연애시대) (feat. Ra.D, narr. [[Han Hyo Joo]]) / Digital Single / Released on October 14, 2011

===Compilation albums===
* Lee Seung Gi – The Best / Released on April 18, 2012

===Live albums===
* Love – The 1st Concert / Released on April 6, 2007
* Hope Concert in Seoul 2010 (Japan Version) / Released on October 28, 2011
* Hope Concert in Seoul 2010 (Korean Version) / Released on December 15, 2011

==Filmography==
===Dramas===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Network
!Title
!Character
!Co-stars
!Remarks
|-
| 2005
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]
| ''[[Nonstop (TV Series)#Season 5|Nonstop 5]]''
| Lee Seung Gi
|
| Sitcom
|-
| 2006
| [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]
| ''[[The Infamous Chil Sisters]]''
| Hwang Tae Ja
| [[Lee Tae Ran]], [[Choi Jung Won]], [[Shin Ji Soo]]
|
|-
| 2009
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
| ''[[Brilliant Legacy]]''
| Sun-Woo Hwan
| [[Han Hyo Joo]], [[Moon Chae Won]], [[Bae Su-bin|Bae Soo Bin]]
| First lead role
|-
| 2010
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
| ''[[My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox]]''
| Cha Dae Woong
| [[Shin Min-a|Shin Min Ah]], [[No Min-woo|No Min Woo]], [[Park Soo Jin]]
| Male lead
|-
| 2011
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]
| ''[[The Greatest Love]]''
| Lee Seung Gi
|
| Cameo
|-
| 2012
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]
| ''[[The King 2 Hearts]]''
| Lee Jae Ha
| [[Ha Ji Won]], [[Lee Yoon Ji]], [[Cho Jung Suk]]
| Male lead
|-
| 2013
|
| ''The Gu Family's Book''
|
|
| Male lead
|}

===Variety Shows===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Network
!Title
!Remarks
|-
| 2004
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
| ''[[Good Sunday]]'' – ''[[X-Man (TV series)|X-Man]]''
| Long Term Guest
|-
| 2006
| [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]
| ''[[Happy Sunday]]'' – ''[[Happy Sunday#Heroine 6.2FHeroine 5|Heroine 6]]''
| Long Term Guest
|-
| 2007–2012
| [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]
| ''[[Happy Sunday]]'' – ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]''
| MC with [[Kang Ho Dong]], [[Lee Su Geun]], [[Eun Ji Won]], [[Kim C]], [[MC Mong]], [[Kim Jong Min]], [[Uhm Tae Woong]]
|-
| 2009–2012
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
| ''[[Strong Heart (Korean TV show)|Strong Heart]]''
| MC with [[Kang Ho Dong]] (2009–2011), Solo MC (2011–2012)
|-
| 2012
| [[TVN (South Korea)|tvN]]
| ''The Romantic''
| Narration
|-
| 2012
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
| ''[[Good Sunday]]'' – ''[[Running Man (TV series)|Running Man]]''
| Guest with [[Park Shin Hye]] (episodes 120 & 121)
|}

===Music videos===
* 2004: ''Because You're My Girl'' (내 여자라니까) - starring [[Kim Sa-rang (actress)|Kim Sa Rang]]
* 2004: ''Delete'' (삭제)
* 2006: ''Words That Are Hard To Say'' (하기 힘든 말) - starring [[Nam Sang Mi]]
* 2006: ''Shape Of Your Lips'' (입모양)
* 2006: ''Please'' (제발), ''Desire And Hope'' (원하고 원망하죠), ''Addio'' (아디오), ''Tears'' (눈물) - starring [[Park Min Ji]]
* 2007: ''White Lie'' (착한 거짓말), ''Why... Are You Leaving'' (왜...가니) - starring [[Wang Ji Hye]]
* 2008: ''I'll Give You All'' (다 줄꺼야)
* 2008: ''Let's Go On A Vacation'' (여행을 떠나요) - featuring clips from ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]''
* 2009: ''Let's Break Up'' (우리 헤어지자) - starring [[Lee Se Na]]
* 2010: Smile Boy (Rock ver.) - starring [[Kim Yuna]]
* 2010: ''Losing My Mind'' (정신이 나갔었나봐) - featuring clips from ''[[My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox]]''
* 2010: ''From Now On I Love You'' (지금부터 사랑해) - featuring clips from ''[[My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox]]''
* 2011: ''Aren't We Friends'' (친구잖아)
* 2012: ''Time for Love'' (恋愛時代) - starring [[Park Shin Hye]]
* 2012: ''Turning Back'' (되돌리다) - starring [[Park_Gun-tae|Park Gun Tae]] and [[Kim_Yoo-jung|Kim Yoo Jung]]

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Awards !! Category !! Works
|-
| rowspan=5|2004
| [[M.net KM Music Festival]]
| Best Newcomer
| rowspan=5|Song – ''Because You're My Girl''
|-
| [[Seoul Music Awards]]
| Best Newcomer
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Music Awards
| Best Newcomer
|-
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] Best 10 Singers Music Festival
| Best Newcomer
|-
| [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] Entertainment Awards
| Special Singer Award
|-
| rowspan=3|2006
| [[M.net KM Music Festival]]
| Excellence Award (Ballad)
| rowspan=2|Song – ''Words That Are Hard To Say''
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Music Awards
| Bonsang Award
|-
| Korea Best Dresser Awards
| Singer Award
|
|-
| 2007
| [[M.net KM Music Festival]]
| Best Male Solo Artist
| Song – ''White Lie''
|-
|rowspan=2|2008
| Korea Entertainment Arts Awards
| Best Male Singer (Ballad)
|
|-
| [[KBS Entertainment Awards]]
| Popularity Award
| Variety Show – ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]''
|-
| rowspan=8|2009
| Korea Advertiser Awards
| Model of the Year
|
|-
| [[Golden Disk Awards]]
| Digital Single Bonsang Award
| Song – ''Will You Marry Me''
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Entertainment Awards
| Netizens' Popularity Award<ref>{{cite news|last=Kang|first=Seung-hun|title=Yoo Jae-seok, Lee Hyori share grand prize at SBS Entertainment Awards|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2009123116553262018|accessdate=26 April 2012|newspaper=Asiae|date=31 December 2009}}</ref>
| rowspan=2| Variety - [[Strong Heart (Korean TV show)|Strong Heart]]
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Review of Programs (Jul–Dec 2009)
| MC Special Award
|-
| [[Mnet 20's Choice Awards|M.net 20's Choice Awards]]
| Hot Male Drama Star
| rowspan=7|Drama - [[Brilliant Legacy]]
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards
| Excellence in Acting (Special Production)
|-
|[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards
| Best Couple Award with [[Han Hyo Joo]]
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards
| Top 10 Stars Award
|-
| rowspan=14|2010
|-
| Seoul International Drama Awards
| Netizens' Popularity Award (Korea)<ref>[http://spn.edaily.co.kr/entertain/newsRead.asp?sub_cd=EA3&newsid=01508806593098808&DirCode=0010300&searchDate=&startArrow=0&strPage=1 "이승기, SDA 네티즌 韓 인기상 수상"] {{ko icon}} ''SPN.edaily.co.kr''. 10 September 2010</ref>
|-
| 46th Baeksang Arts Awards
| Male Popularity Award (TV Division)
|-
| Korea Advertiser Awards
| Model of the Year<ref>[http://isplus.live.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=4518981 "‘호이커플’ 이승기·신민아, 광고주가 뽑은 올해의 모델 선정"] {{ko icon}} ''ISPLUS''. 13 October 2010</ref>
|
|-
| [[Golden Disk Awards]]
| Digital Single Bonsang Award
| Song – ''Love Taught Me To Drink''
|-
| Melon Music Awards
| Top 10 Artists Award<ref>[http://news.nate.com/view/20101215n28654 "‘멜론 뮤직어워드’ 톱10 수상한 이승기, 행복한 미소~"] {{ko icon}} ''Nate News''. 15 December 2010</ref>
| rowspan=2|Song – ''Losing My Mind''
|-
| Melon Music Awards
| Special OST Award<ref>[http://news.nate.com/view/20101215n28329 "‘여친구’ 이승기, 멜론뮤직어워드 OST상 2관왕 '연말에 결실'"] {{ko icon}} ''Nate News''. 15 December 2010</ref>
|-
| [[KBS Entertainment Awards]]
| Top Excellence MC Award (Show/Entertainment Division)
| Variety Show – ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]''
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Entertainment Awards
| Netizens' Popularity Award
| rowspan=2|Variety Show – ''[[Strong Heart (Korean TV show)|Strong Heart]]''
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Entertainment Awards
| Top Excellence MC Award
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards
| Best Couple (with [[Shin Min-a|Shin Min Ah]])
| rowspan=3|Drama – ''[[My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox]]''
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards
| Top 10 Stars Award
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Drama Awards
| Excellence in Acting (Drama Special)
|-
| Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism
| Hallyu Merit Award<ref>[http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201101132001241001 "상복 많은 이승기 ‘올해도 파이팅~’"] {{ko icon}} ''Newsen.com''. 31 January 2011</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5|2011
|-
| Savings' Day
| President Citation<ref>[http://news.nate.com/view/20111024n30565 "이승기, '저축의 날' 대통령 표창…하지원, 국무총리 표창"] {{ko icon}} ''Nate News''. 24 October 2011</ref>
|
|-
| [[KBS Entertainment Awards]]
| Grand Award (with ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]'' team)<ref>[http://media.daum.net/entertain/enews/view?cateid=1032&newsid=20111225005909411&p=newsis "무원칙 KBS연예대상, 후보도 아닌 '1박2일' 대상"] {{ko icon}} ''Daum News''. 25 December 2011</ref>
| Variety Show – ''[[1 Night 2 Days]]''
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Entertainment Awards
| Netizens' Popularity Award<ref>[http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201112310902291001 "이승기 SBS 연예대상 최우수상 ‘역시 황태자"’] {{ko icon}} ''Newsen.com''. 31 December 2011</ref>
|rowspan=2|Variety Show – ''[[Strong Heart (Korean TV show)|Strong Heart]]''<ref>Lee, Nancy [http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=2489 "Yoo Jae Suk Wins Big, Winners from ''2011 SBS Entertainment Awards''"] ''CJ E&M enewsWorld''. 31 December 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-14</ref>
|-
| [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] Entertainment Awards
| Top Excellence MC Award (Talk Show Division)
|-
| rowspan=3|2012
| [[Seoul Music Awards]]
| Popularity Award<ref>[http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201201200131381001 "서울가요대상 이승기 ‘인기상 이유? 팬심 훔치는 손짓’"] {{ko icon}} ''Newsen.com''. 20 January 2012</ref>
| rowspan=2|Song – ''Aren't We Friends''
|-
| [[Seoul Music Awards]]
| Bonsang Award
|-
| Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards
| Singer of the Year Award (#1 in October 2011)<ref>[http://news.nate.com/view/20120222n32353 "이승기,가온K팝어워드 올해의가수상..10월음원 1위"] {{ko icon}} ''Nate News''. 22 February 2012</ref>
| Song – ''Time for Love''
|}

==Music Programs==
These are a collection of Lee Seung-gi's wins on Korea's televised music shows.
===[[M! Countdown]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="70"|Year
! width="90"|Date
! width="200"|Song
|-
|align="center" rowspan="4"|2006
|align="center"|March 2
|rowspan="2"|하기 힘든 말 ("Words That Are Hard To Say")
|-
|align="center"|March 30
|-
|align="center"|September 28
|rowspan="2"|제발 ("Please")
|-
|align="center"|October 12
|-
|align="center" rowspan="1"|2007
|align="center"|September 13
|rowspan="1"|착한 거짓말 ("White Lie")
|-
|align="center" rowspan="1"|2008
|align="center"|April 24
|rowspan="1"|다 줄거야 ("I'll Give You My Everything")
|-
|align="center" rowspan="1"|2012
|align="center"|November 29
|rowspan="1"|되돌리다 ("Return")
|-
|}

===[[Inkigayo]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="70"|Year
! width="90"|Date
! width="200"|Song
|-
|align="center" rowspan="1"|2004
|align="center"|August 22
|rowspan="1"|내여자라니까 (Because You're My Girl)
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2"|2006
|align="center"|April 2
|rowspan="1"|하기 힘든말 (Words are Hard to Say)
|-
|align="center"|October 1
|rowspan="1"|제발 (Please)
|-
|align="center" rowspan="1"|2007
|align="center"|September 16
|rowspan="1"|착한 거짓말 (White Lie)
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2"|2009
|align="center"|October 4
|rowspan="2"|우리 헤어지자 (Let's Break Up)
|-
|align="center"|October 11
|-
|align="center" rowspan="1"|2011
|align="center"|November 20
|rowspan="1"|친구잖아 (Aren't We Friends)
|-
|-
|}
===[[Music Bank (TV series)|Music Bank]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="70"|Year
! width="90"|Date
! width="200"|Song
|-
|align="center" rowspan="1"|2008
|align="center"|April 25
|rowspan="1"|다 줄꺼야 (I Will Give You Everything)
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.leeseunggi.com Lee Seung Gi official homepage] {{ko icon}}
* [http://www.leeseunggi.jp/ Lee Seung Gi official Japanese homepage] {{jp icon}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/seunggitown Lee Seung Gi's official Youtube channel] {{ko icon}}

{{1 Night 2 Days}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Lee, Seung Gi
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 13, 1987
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Seung-gi}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:K-pop singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:South Korean male singers]]
[[Category:South Korean pop singers]]
[[Category:South Korean television actors]]
[[Category:Dongguk University alumni]]
[[Category:Running Man (TV series) contestants]]

[[es:Lee Seung Gi]]
[[fr:Lee Seung-gi]]
[[ko:이승기]]
[[id:Lee Seung Gi]]
[[ms:Lee Seung Gi]]
[[ja:イ・スンギ]]
[[tl:Lee Seung Ki]]
[[th:อี ซึง-กี]]
[[vi:Lee Seung Gi]]
[[zh:李昇基]]

2012 AFF Championship

2012-11-26T05:22:59Z

220.255.2.26: /* Media coverage */

{{Infobox International Football Competition
| tourney_name = AFF Suzuki Cup
| year = 2012
| other_titles =
| image = AFF Suzuki Cup 2012 logo.svg
| size = 200px
| caption =
| country = Malaysia
| country2 = Thailand
| dates = 24 November – 22 December
| num_teams = 8
| sub-confederations = 1
| venues = 4
| cities = 4
| champion =
| count =
| second =
| third =
| fourth =
| matches = 4
| goals = 12
| attendance =
| top_scorer =
| player =
| prevseason = [[2010 AFF Suzuki Cup|2010]]
| nextseason = [[2014 AFF Suzuki Cup|2014]]
}}

The '''2012 AFF Cup''', sponsored by [[Suzuki]] and officially named the '''2012 AFF Suzuki Cup''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsportgroup.com/news/suzuki-to-continue-as-the-driving-force-behind-the-aff-suzuki-cup/ |title=Suzuki to continue as the driving force behind the AFF Suzuki Cup |publisher=World Sport Group |date=2012-12-09 |accessdate=2012-11-23 }}</ref> is the ninth edition of the [[ASEAN Football Championship]], the [[Association football|football]] championship of [[Southeast Asia]]. It will be co-hosted by [[Malaysia]] and [[Thailand]] and will take place from 24 November to 22 December 2012.<ref name="myanmar host qualifying">{{cite news |url=http://my.news.yahoo.com/myanmar-host-qualifying-rounds-2012-aff-suzuki-cup-090339706.html |title=Myanmar to host qualifying rounds for 2012 AFF Suzki Cup |work=Yahoo News |agency=Bernama |date=2011-12-09 |accessdate=2012-01-09 }}</ref>

==Hosts==
On 17 December 2010, the [[Philippine Football Federation]] declared their interest to host the 2012 AFF Suzuki Cup.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/12/17/10/rp-wants-host-2012-aff-suzuki-cup |title=RP Want to host the 2012 AFF Suzuki Cup |work=ABS-CBNnews.com |date=2010-12-17 |accessdate=2010-12-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/12/18/10/aff-says-rp-can-host-suzuki-cup-finals |title=AFF says RP can host Suzuki Cup finals |author=Manotoc, TJ |work=ABS-CBNnews.com |date=2010-12-18 |accessdate=2010-12-18 }}</ref> However, with no other reported interest and following the meeting of the AFF Council on 19 February 2011, Malaysia and Thailand were announced as hosts of the preliminary round.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aseanfootball.org/?p=4182 |title=Malaysia and Thailand as hosts of AFF Suzuki Cup 2012; nominations for AFF Council announced |work=AseanFootball.org |publisher=ASEAN Football Federation |date=2011-02-19 |accessdate=2011-02-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.affsuzukicup.com/_webapp_794962/Malaysia,_Thailand_confirmed_as_co-hosts_for_2012_edition |title=Malaysia, Thailand confirmed as co-hosts for 2012 edition |work=AFFSuzukiCup.com |date=2011-02-21 |accessdate=2011-08-27 }}</ref>

==Venues==
There are two main venues; the [[National Stadium, Bukit Jalil]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]] and the [[Rajamangala Stadium]] in [[Bangkok]]. The secondary venues; the [[Shah Alam Stadium]] in [[Shah Alam]], [[Selangor|Selangor State]] and the [[SCG Stadium]] in [[Nonthaburi (city)|Nonthaburi]] for the final round of group games on 30 November and 1 December.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.affsuzukicup.com/news/aff-suzuki-cup-set-to-return-for-its-ninth-edition |title=AFF Suzuki Cup set tor return for its ninth eidtion |work=AFFSuzukiCup.com |date=2012-07-04 |accessdate=2012-07-11 }}</ref> The SCG Stadium itself replaced the [[National Stadium (Thailand)|Supachalasai Stadium]] in [[Bangkok]] on 17 October. If Thailand reaches the semi-finals and finals, their home games will also be played at the SCG Stadium as the Rajamangala will be hosting the [[2012 Race of Champions]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/sports/Asean-Championship-match-switched-to-Muang-Thongs--30192463.html |title=Asean Championship match switched to Muang Thong's SCG |work=The Nation |publisher=Nation Multimedia Group |date=2012-10-17 |accessdate=2012-11-10 }}</ref>

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! [[Kuala Lumpur]]
! [[Shah Alam]]
! [[Bangkok]]
! [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]]
|-
| [[National Stadium, Bukit Jalil|National Stadium]]
| [[Shah Alam Stadium]]
| [[Rajamangala Stadium]]
| [[SCG Stadium]]
|-
| Capacity: '''87,411'''
| Capacity: '''69,932'''
| Capacity: '''49,722'''
| Capacity: '''17,500'''
|-
| [[Image:Stadium nasional bukit jalil.JPG|200px|National Stadium, Bukit Jalil]]
| [[File:SAStadium.png|200px|Shah Alam Stadium]]
| [[Image:Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok.jpg|200px|Rajamangala Stadium]]
| [[File:Scgmuangthongstadium.jpg|200px|SCG Stadium]]
|}
</center>

==Qualification==
{{main|2012 AFF Suzuki Cup qualification}}
Qualification will take place from 5 to 13 October 2012. It will involve the five lower ranked teams in Southeast Asia. All teams play in a round-robin tournament format with the top two teams qualifying for the tournament proper. Six teams have qualified directly to the finals.

{|
|valign="top"|
* {{fb|Indonesia}}
* {{fb|Laos}} (Qualification runner-up)
* {{fb|Malaysia}}
* {{fb|Myanmar}} (Qualification winner)
|width="50"| 
|valign="top"|
* {{fb|Philippines}}
* {{fb|Singapore}}
* {{fb|Thailand}}
* {{fb|Vietnam}}
|}

==Draw==
The draw for the tournament as well as the qualification tournament took place on the afternoon of 11 July 2012 at the Golden Tulip Hotel in Bangkok.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aseanfootball.org/?p=8835 |title=AFF Suzuki Cup: Draw results |work=AseanFootball.org |publisher=ASEAN Football Federation |date=2012-07-11 |accessdate=2012-07-11 }}</ref> The eight finalists were divided into four pots of two teams each based on team rankings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aseanfootball.org/?p=8812 |title=AFF Suzuki Cup: Millions of fans will follow draw ceremony |work=AseanFootballorg |publisher=ASEAN Football Federation |date=2012-07-10 |accessdate=2012-07-11 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|-
!width=25%|'''Pot 1'''
!width=25%|'''Pot 2'''
!width=25%|'''Pot 3'''
!width=25%|'''Pot 4'''
|-
|
{{fb|MAS}} (co-host) 
{{fb|THA}} (co-host)
|
{{fb|VIE}} 
{{fb|IDN}}
|
{{fb|SIN}} 
{{fb|PHI}}
|
{{fb|MYA}} 
{{fb|LAO}} 
|}

==Squads==
{{main|2012 AFF Suzuki Cup squads}}

==Final tournament==

===Group Stage===
====Tie-breaking criteria====
Ranking in each group shall be determine as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.affsuzukicup.com/rules.html |title=Tournament Rules |work=AFFSuzukiCup.com |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>
#Greater number of points obtained in all the group matches;
#Goal difference in all the group matches;
#Greater number of goals scored in all the group matches. If two or more teams are equal on the basis on the above three criteria, the place shall be determined as follows:
#Result of the direct match between the teams concerned;
#[[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|Kicks from the penalty mark]] if the teams concerned are still on the field of play;
#Drawing lots by the Organising Committee.

====Group A====
{{main|2012 AFF Suzuki Cup Group A}}

*All matches to be played in [[Thailand]].
*Times listed are [[UTC+07:00|UTC+7]].

{{Fb cl2 header navbar}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|THA}} |w=1 |d=0 |l=0 |gf=2 |ga=1}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|MYA}} |w=0 |d=1 |l=0 |gf=1 |ga=1 |border=green}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|VIE}} |w=0 |d=1 |l=0 |gf=1 |ga=1}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|PHI}} |w=0 |d=0 |l=1 |gf=1 |ga=2}}
|}

{{footballbox
| date = 24 November 2012
| time = 17:30
| team1 = {{fb-rt|VIE}}
| score = 1 – 1
| report = [http://www.affsuzukicup.com/news/myanmar-1-vietnam-1 Report]
| team2 = {{fb|MYA}}
| goals1 = [[Le Tan Tai]] {{goal|34}}
| goals2 = [[Kyi Lin]] {{goal|53|pen.}}
| stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
| attendance =
| referee = [[Andre El Haddad]] ([[Fédération Libanaise de Football Association|Lebanon]])
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 24 November 2012
| time = 20:20
| team1 = {{fb-rt|THA}}
| score = 2 – 1
| report = [http://www.affsuzukicup.com/news/thailand-2-philippines-1 Report]
| team2 = {{fb|PHI}}
| goals1 = [[Jakkraphan Pornsai|Jakkraphan]] {{goal|39}} [[Anucha Kitpongsri|Anucha]] {{goal|41}}
| goals2 = [[Paul Mulders|Mulders]] {{goal|77}}
| stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
| attendance =
| referee = [[Ryuji Sato]] ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
}}
----
{{footballbox
| date = 27 November 2012
| time = 17:30
| team1 = {{fb-rt|VIE}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|PHI}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 27 November 2012
| time = 20:20
| team1 = {{fb-rt|MYA}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|THA}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{footballbox
| date = 30 November 2012
| time = 20:20
| team1 = {{fb-rt|PHI}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|MYA}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[SCG Stadium]], [[Nonthaburi (city)|Nonthaburi]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 30 November 2012
| time = 20:20
| team1 = {{fb-rt|THA}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|VIE}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

====Group B====
{{main|2012 AFF Suzuki Cup Group B}}

*All matches to be played in [[Malaysia]].
*Times listed are [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]].

{{Fb cl2 header navbar}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|SIN}} |w=1 |d=0 |l=0 |gf=3 |ga=0}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|IDN}} |w=0 |d=1 |l=0 |gf=2 |ga=2 |border=green}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|LAO}} |w=0 |d=1 |l=0 |gf=2 |ga=2}}
{{Fb cl2 team|t={{fb|MAS}} |w=0 |d=0 |l=1 |gf=0 |ga=3}}
|}

{{footballbox
| date = 25 November 2012
| time = 18:00
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IDN}}
| score = 2 – 2
| report = [http://www.affsuzukicup.com/news/indonesia-2-laos-2 Report]
| team2 = {{fb|LAO}}
| goals1 = [[Raphael Maitimo|Raphael]] {{goal|42}} [[Vendry Mofu|Vendry]] {{goal|89}}
| goals2 = [[Khampheng Sayavutthi|Sayavutthi]] {{goal|30|pen.}} [[Keoviengphet Liththideth|Liththideth]] {{goal|80}}
| stadium = [[National Stadium, Bukit Jalil|Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| attendance =
| referee = [[Ng Kai Lam]] ([[Hong Kong Football Association|Hong Kong]])
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 25 November 2012
| time = 20:45
| team1 = {{fb-rt|MAS}}
| score = 0 – 3
| report = [http://www.affsuzukicup.com/news/malaysia-0-singapore-3 Report]
| team2 = {{fb|SIN}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Shahril Ishak|Shahril]] {{goal|32||37}} [[Aleksandar Đurić|Đurić]] {{goal|74}}
| stadium = [[National Stadium, Bukit Jalil|Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| attendance =
| referee = [[Valentin Kovalenko]] ([[Uzbekistan Football Federation|Uzbekistan]])
}}
----
{{footballbox
| date = 28 November 2012
| time = 18:00
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IDN}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|SIN}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[National Stadium, Bukit Jalil|Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 28 November 2012
| time = 20:45
| team1 = {{fb-rt|LAO}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|MAS}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[National Stadium, Bukit Jalil|Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{footballbox
| date = 1 December 2012
| time = 20:45
| team1 = {{fb-rt|SIN}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|LAO}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Shah Alam Stadium]], [[Shah Alam]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 1 December 2012
| time = 20:45
| team1 = {{fb-rt|MAS}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fb|IDN}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[National Stadium, Bukit Jalil|Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

===Knockout stage===

====Semi-finals====
;First Leg
{{footballbox
| date = 8 December 2012
| time =
| team1 = Runner-up Group A
| score =
| report =
| team2 = Winner Group B
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 9 December 2012
| time =
| team1 = Runner-up Group B
| score =
| report =
| team2 = Winner Group A
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
;Second Leg
{{footballbox
| date = 12 December 2012
| time =
| team1 = Winner Group B
| score =
| report =
| team2 = Runner-up Group A
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

{{footballbox
| date = 13 December 2012
| time =
| team1 = Winner Group A
| score =
| report =
| team2 = Runner-up Group B
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

====Final====
;First Leg
{{footballbox
| date = 19 December 2012
| time =
| team1 = Winner Semi-final 1
| score =
| report =
| team2 = Winner Semi-final 2
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

;Second Leg
{{footballbox
| date = 22 December 2012
| time =
| team1 = Winner Semi-final 2
| score =
| report =
| team2 = Winner Semi-final 1
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

==Media coverage==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"
|-
!colspan=5|2012 AFF Suzuki Cup Broadcasters in [[Southeast Asia]]<ref name="affsuzukicup.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.affsuzukicup.com/broadcast.html|title=Broadcast Partners|accessdate=2012-11-22|author=|date=|publisher=''Official Website of the 2012 AFF Suzuki Cup''}}</ref>
|-
! Country
! Network Station
! Television Station
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|CAM}}
|[[Mobitel (Cambodia)|Mobitel]]
|[[Cambodian Television Network|CTN]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|INA}}
|[[Media Nusantara Citra]]
|[[RCTI]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|LAO}}
|[[Lao National Television|Lao National Radio and Television]]
|[[Lao National Television]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|MAS}}
|[[Radio Televisyen Malaysia]]
|[[TV1 (Malaysia)|TV1]], [[TV2 (Malaysia)|TV2]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|MYA}}
|[[Myanmar Radio and Television]]
|[[Myanmar Radio and Television|MRTV]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|SIN}}
|[[MediaCorp Tv]]
|[[okto|okto]], [[MediaCorp Channel 5|Channel 5]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|PHI}}
|[[Sports5]]
|[[AKTV]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|THA}}
|[[Bangkok Broadcasting Television]] and [[Royal Thai Army]]
|[[BBTV Channel 7|BBTV7]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|VIE}}
|[[Vietnam Television]]
|[[Vietnam Television|VTV]]
|-
!colspan=6|Across [[Asia]]<ref name="affsuzukicup.com"/>
|-
|align=left|{{flagcountry|HKG}}
|[[ESPN Inc.]] and [[News Corporation]]
|[[ESPN Asia|ESPN]], [[STAR Sports]]
|}

==Goal scorers==
;2 goals
*{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Shahril Ishak]]

;1 goal
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Raphael Maitimo]]
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Vendry Mofu]]
*{{flagicon|LAO}} [[Keoviengphet Liththideth]]
*{{flagicon|LAO}} [[Khampheng Sayavutthi]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|MYA}} [[Kyi Lin]]
*{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Paul Mulders]]
*{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Aleksandar Đurić]]
*{{flagicon|THA}} [[Anucha Kitpongsri]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|THA}} [[Jakkraphan Pornsai]]
*{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Le Tan Tai|Lê Tấn Tài]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.aseanfootball.org/ ASEAN Football Federation official website]
* [http://www.affsuzukicup.com/ AFF Suzuki Cup official website]
{{ASEAN FC}}
{{2012 in Asian football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aff Suzuki Cup, 2012}}
[[Category:2012 AFF Suzuki Cup| ]]
[[Category:ASEAN Football Championship|2012]]
[[Category:2012 in AFF football|AFF]]
[[Category:2012 in Malaysian football|AFF]]
[[Category:2012 in Thailand|AFF]]
[[Category:International football (soccer) competitions hosted by Malaysia|2012]]
[[Category:International football (soccer) competitions hosted by Thailand|2012]]
[[Category:Current sports events]]

[[ar:كأس آسيان لكرة القدم 2012]]
[[de:ASEAN-Fußballmeisterschaft 2012]]
[[id:Piala Suzuki AFF 2012]]
[[ms:Piala Suzuki AFF 2012]]
[[nl:AFF Suzuki Cup 2012]]
[[ja:2012 AFFスズキカップ]]
[[th:เอเอฟเอฟ ซูซูกิ คัพ 2012]]
[[vi:Giải vô địch bóng đá Đông Nam Á 2012]]

Lego Universe

2012-11-25T03:34:58Z

220.255.2.26: /* Bradford Rant */

{{Refimprove|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox VG
|title= LEGO Universe|image = [[File:LegoUniverse.png|250px]]
| fate = [[Bankruptcy]]
| defunct = 2011
|developer=[[The LEGO Group]]
|publisher=[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]
| composer = The Deviled Eggs (Old/Beta Music), [[Brian Tyler (composer)|Brian Tyler]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.filmmusicsite.com/news.cgi?go=detail&id=920&lang=en | publisher = Film music site | title = Interview with Brian Tyler | accessdate=05/08/2010}}</ref> (Current)
|released= October 26, 2010<ref>{{Citation | url = http://us.universe.lego.com/en-us/community/newsnetwork/story.aspx?id=187315</ref>
|Closure= January 30, 2012 <ref>{{Citation | url = http://us.universe.lego.com/en-us/community/newsnetwork/story.aspx?id=187315
| publisher = LEGO | title = Universe | contribution = Launch date announced}}.</ref>
|genre= [[Massively multiplayer online game|MMOG]]
|modes= [[Massively multiplayer online game]]
| platforms = [[Personal computer|PC]], [[Macintosh|Mac]]<ref>{{Citation | url = https://en-us.support.universe.lego.com/ics/support/KBAnswer.asp?questionID=558 | publisher = LEGO | title = Universe | contribution = Can I run LEGO Universe on both Mac and PC?}}</ref>
|ratings= {{vgratings|ESRB=E10+|PEGI=7}}
|media= [[DVD]], [[download]]<ref>{{Citation | url = https://en-us.support.universe.lego.com/ics/support/KBAnswer.asp?questionID=557 | publisher = Lego | title = Universe | contribution = How Can I Get the Game?}}</ref>
|requirements = PC recommended specifications:

Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit), with the latest Service Packs
Intel Pentium 4 2.0 GHz or AMD Athlon XP 3200+
1 GB RAM (2GB RAM with Windows Vista and Windows 7)
10 GB free HD space
NVIDIA GeForce 6800 or ATI Radeon X800 or better – 256 MB VRAM or more
DirectSound compatible sound card
DVD-ROM Drive
Broadband Internet connection required
PC Minimum System Requirements:

Windows XP / Windows Vista / Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit), with the latest Service Packs
Intel Pentium 4 1.3 GHz / AMD Athlon XP 3000+
512 MB RAM (1 GB RAM with Windows Vista and Windows 7)
5GB free HD space
NVIDIA GeForce FX 5700 series / ATI Radeon 9600 series / Intel Integrated GMA 950 or equivalent –128 MB VRAM and latest video drivers
PC audio solution containing Dolby DigitalLive required for Dolby Digital audio
DVD-ROM Drive
Broadband Internet connection required
Mac Recommended Specifications:

Mac OS X 10.5.8 Leopard / 10.6.3 Snow Leopard or higher
Intel Duo Core
1 GB RAM
10 GB free HD space
NVIDIA 8600 GT or ATI Radeon HD2400 or better - with 256 MB VRAM or more
DVD-ROM Drive
Broadband Internet connection required
Mac Minimum System Requirements:

Mac OS X 10.5.8 Leopard / 10.6.3 Snow Leopard or higher
1 GB RAM
5 GB free HD space
Intel Integrated GMA X3100 or NVIDIA 7300 GT or ATI X1600 with 128 MB VRAM or more
DVD-ROM Drive
Broadband Internet connection required
|input = [[Computer keyboard|Keyboard]], [[mouse (computing)|mouse]]
}}
'''LEGO Universe''' was a [[massively multiplayer online game]] developed by [[NetDevil]] released on October 26, 2010, with an early opening (October 8, 2010) for LEGO "Founders",<ref>{{Citation | publisher = Game Industry | url = http://www.gameindustry.com/ih/item.asp?id=2961 | title = E3 LEGO Universe}}.</ref> which consisted of users who pre-ordered the game. It was globally distributed by [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]].<ref name = "LEGO Universe at E3">{{Citation | url = http://us.universe.lego.com/en-us/community/newsnetwork/story.aspx?id=187312 | publisher = Lego | title = Universe | contribution = At E3}}.</ref> Its release was delayed from original estimates of 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://kotaku.com/5056497/lego-universe-already-in-some-gamers-hands |title=A Visit to NetDevil |publisher=Kotaku |date=2008-09-29 |accessdate= 2010-01-16}}</ref> late November 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lego.com/eng/info/default.asp?page=productsdetail&contentid=36621 |title=The Lego Group announces Lego Universe as official title for branded MMOG |publisher= Lego |date= 2007-06-07 |accessdate=2010-01-16}}</ref> and mid-2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loot-ninja.com/2007/06/01/lego-mmo-screens-and-info/ |title=Lego MMO Screens and Info |publisher=Loot Ninja |date=2007-06-01 |accessdate=2010-01-16}}</ref> The game was available in [[English language|English]] and [[German language|German]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://universe.lego.com/en-us/help/default.aspx | publisher = Lego | title = Universe | contribution = Help — Top questions}}.</ref> The servers were shut down permanently on January 30, 2012.<ref name = "Zam">{{Citation | url = http://www.zam.com/story.html?story=28189 | title = Zam}}.</ref>

== Story ==
===Plot===
LEGO Universe takes place in an [[Parallel universe (fiction)|alternate universe]] populated by [[LEGO]] [[minifigure]]s.The premise is that years ago, a team of four minifigures went on a great journey to seek the last essence of pure [[Imagination]]: Doctor Overbuild, Duke Exeter, Hael Storm, and Baron Typhonus. After having found it on the mysterious planet Crux, the greedy tycoon of the expedition, Baron Typhonus, was pulled into the source, fusing with it to create a [[maelstrom]] of chaotic dark energy. However, even though Doctor Overbuild plugged the hole, the stress caused Crux to explode into thousands of other worlds. After the incident, the explorers decided to form their own factions, Doctor Overbuild creating the Assembly, Duke Exeter forming the Sentinels and Hael Storm leading the Venture League. The factions worked together and created the Nexus Force in order to destroy the Maelstrom and its minions. A few years later, The Venture Explorer, a ship carrying new recruits is being attacked by the Maelstrom. The player, aboard the ship, escapes to Avant Gardens with the aid of Sky Lane. Here, a disaster involving Paradox, a fourth faction which studies the Maelstrom, has infected Avant Gardens with Maelstrom and released a beast called the Spider Queen. After travelling through the world and discovering the Spider Queen's location, the player destroys the Spider Queen at the Block Yard and claims their first Property, where they can place collected models and bricks. Now, members (not free to play) can travel to Nimbus Station, where they choose which faction to join. From there, the player can travel to other worlds like Forbidden Valley or Gnarled Forest.

=== Factions ===
There are four factions, only one of which a player can join. Each Faction has three specialties that have 3 different ranks and gear. There are two valiant weapons per faction which can be bought at the Nexus Tower. The Sentinels are combat based, using heavy weapons and armor. Their specialties include Knight, Samurai, and Space Ranger. The Venture League is based on exploring, utilizing combinations of strong weapons and fast attacks. Their specialties include Daredevil, Buccaneer, and Adventurer. The Assembly focuses on building and creating, using gear that builds weapons. Their specialties include Engineer, Summoner, and Inventor. The Paradox relies on studying the Maelstrom, and using it against itself, mainly using ranged attacks. Their specialties include Space Marauder, Sorcerer, and Shinobi.

=== Worlds ===
==== Venture Explorer ====

After creating your minifigure, you came to the Venture Explorer. It acted as a tutorial for any newcomers, teaching the basics of running, jumping, and smashing. You ultimately built a rocket and headed off to Avant Gardens with help from Sky Lane. Also, members were able to participate in a "Return to the Venture Explorer" with difficult enemies such as Hammerlings, Corrupted Sentries, and Elite Dark Spiderlings; though this was not part of any tutorial.

==== Avant Gardens ====
This is the second world players will visit. It introduces newcomers to the basic mission scenarios and gets them prepared for what they will soon come to face. In addition to the storyline missions, there are side missions and bonus activities such as survival and foot races. Players with memberships will see this as the first zone to see tamable pets in. The Maelstrom minions here are easy, such as the Stromling, Stromling Mech, and the Dark Spiderling, born from the Block Yard's boss, the Spider Queen. The mini-game here is Avant Garden Survival, here you must survive against Stromlings, Dark Spiderlings, Stromling Mechs, and other enemies more difficult to destroy. Avant Gardens is where you can tame the Doberman, Triceratops and Buffalo Pets. The two properties where you can build your creations in Avant Gardens are Block Yard and Avant Grove.

==== Nimbus Station ====
Nimbus Station acts as the Hub for members and is the third world players will visit. Here, you can access most of the other worlds. After the seventh mission, you must select one of the 4 factions (The Assembly, the Sentinels, the Venture League or Paradox.) Here you can enter yourself in a race against other minifigures in the Vertigo racetrack. You can also participate in the Battle of Nimbus Station, an event similar to survival in Avant Gardens but incorporating a wave system and taking in Nimbus Station's past, fighting off stronger enemies (such as Stromling Invader). Members will enjoy many numerous amounts of features in Nimbus Station, including more pet choices. Also there is a rocket pad to Frostbrugh [valid December - February 2010 / 11] near Christmas, the portal to Starbase 3001, and the Lego Club Door [near Red Blocks]. The properties here are Nimbus Rock and Nimbus Isle. The tameable Pets here are Robot Dog and Skunk Pets.

==== Pet Cove ====
Pet Cove is the key to everything about Pets. It is primarily a hub for players with memberships to learn how to tame Pets and do stunts with their Pets. Obviously, this will be the zone where a large variety of Pets will be available. If you are in one of the Factions you can also tame your faction Pet here.

==== Gnarled Forest ====
Gnarled Forest is a pirate infested forest-styled zone in which players can experience the shift from beginning features to regular features. Minifigures will learn many new abilities here and unlock many new weapons. This is the first zone that introduces players to guns. Being the child-friendly company it is, LEGO has made fun and ticklish names for these weapons such as the "Plunger Gun." The pets that you could get in this world are a tortoise, a boar, a crocodile, an elephant, and a hermit crab.

==== Forbidden Valley ====

Forbidden Valley is unlocked at the same time as Gnarled Forest. It is the first world themed on ninjas.
==== Nexus Tower ====
Nexus Tower is the hub of everything informational in terms of factions. Here one can accept missions from the faction leader and interact with other things within Nexus Tower. The last piece of the Imagination Nexus is kept here.

==== Crux Prime ====
Crux Prime was the largest of the planetary fragments created in Crux's explosion, and is positioned directly opposite of the Maelstrom. Here can you meet many enemies you have met before but in stronger form along with bosses of all varieties (such as Stromling Invaders), and also a myriad of Ninjago Skeletons, straight from the Ninjago Monastery, attempting to mine Maelstrom Crystals. There are only 7 characters that the player can interact with in Crux Prime. Enemies also included the 'leaders' of types of enemy (e.g. Butterscotch, the dragon leader). All leader enemies show up in a slightly different colour from other Crux Prime invaders. The only tameable pet here was the Skeleton Dragon which was tamable as part of the main story line on Crux Prime.

==== Ninjago Monastery ====

The Ninjago Monastery was a new LEGO Universe world added to the game within a new build of the game on September the 20th, 2011. It saw the addition of the LEGO Theme, Ninjago to the game.

The world in comparison to the other worlds was one of the largest. It included the Ninjago Monastery, Skeleton Battlefields and the Ninjago Caves. Players upon arriving followed a chain of missions to learn all four elements of Spinjitsu, from the four ninjas in their temples within the monastery, and help defend the Monastery from skeletons. With the world also came a new crafting feature known as game cooking. A vendor in the Ninjago Monastery traded a special consumable item in exchange for common consumable items found around Lego Universe. Aside from the main mission chain that was to lean Spinjitsu, there were several other sub-plot mission chains available to players. The Ninjago Monastery world included many new daily missions.

The Ninjago Monastery introduced new puzzles that required two players to complete a certain task that would allow them to proceed to a new area. Two player puzzles were shown to the player by a "two minifigure heads icon" shown above any two player puzzle. A new feature that allowed the "purification" of new maelstrom weapons into purified weapons was added. This purification feature was introduced in a mission chain. Many of the mission chains including the main plot involve the Skeleton bosses in the Ninjago Caves. These Skeleton Bosses were taken from the LEGO Ninjago toy line. One of these Boss Skeletons, Frakjaw, was within the minigame: "Battle against Frakjaw!" and is involved at the end of the main mission chain.

As with other worlds, The Ninjago Monastery came with its own models and items. The Ninjago Monastery also included an "Earth Dragon Pet" that can be tamed after completing certain missions. The Ninjago Monastery was the most recent major addition to LEGO Universe.
A battle against Lord Garmadon in the fire temple was going to be added into the game, but this project was canceled as a result of the server shutdown.

==== Kingdom World ====

As part of the final stages of the game, after the announcement that it would shut down on January 30th 2012 [31st for those in the UK and ahead of american time difference], the moderators logged on and interacted with the players. Here, they created glitch worlds where trees and monsters would appear in Nimbus Station or Nexus Tower. Minifigures such as Frostburgh characters would appear alongside volcanoes and pinball machines [watch videos on this]. A moderator who became quite famous before the end was called Shival [Morgan Shival on Youtube]. He gave items away for free to members and free to play [who were the right level] hoping they would share these items with other members who couldn't be online.
Items that were given away included Jet Packs, Horses, Golden Hammer [instant K.O on monsters], shields, faction leader's hair, weapons and Duke Exeter's shield etc. Some items didn't have pictures to show what they looked like, so they appeared as " ? " marks in the user's backpack. Some people were trying to sell Horses and Jet Packs for a lot of money!
When the horses were revealed, members got given x5 to share with friends who couldn't be online at various times throughout the day. This started rumours that there might be a Kingdom World soon, if the game was to remain open any longer. Shival confirmed that a Kingdom World was scheduled to open March 2013, but with the game closing, this never happened.
Users would be able to access the Kingdom World from Nexus Tower and would approach a knight in shining armour, instructing them of how to obtain a horse. After completing several missions [running back and forth similar to Ninjago Monastery], users would be able to unlock the "Tame a Horse" emote. The horses would be located behind the Kingdom walls, keeping out the Maelstrom. Other missions would be added later on in the year, along with the planned Fire Temple and the supposed re-release of Frostburgh [adverts were shown as players travelled from one world to another] but this never happened because of the announcement [made November 4th 2011] of closing the game.

== Gameplay ==
Lego Universe brings players from around the world together to build and fight against the Maelstrom and its minions. The player assumes the role of a [[Lego minifigure]] and travels to various themed worlds, each with different enemies and challenges. Players collect and earn gear that can be worn and fought with to aid them in achieving a wide range of set goals. Also, players can have Specialties, each one with their unique gear. In addition, minifigures can gain ranks which allow them to use more advanced gear.<ref name="What is">{{cite web|title=What is Lego Universe?|url= http://universe.lego.com/en-us/thegame/gettingstarted/ |publisher=Lego |accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref>

The currently accessible full worlds are the pirate-themed Gnarled Forest, faction-oriented Nimbus Station, green and festive Avant Gardens, high-tech Nexus Tower, maelstrom based crux prime, Ninjago's world ninjago monastery and the ninja-based Forbidden Valley. Custom-built rocket ships are used by players to travel between these worlds.<ref name = Worlds>{{cite web | title = Worlds | url= http://universe.lego.com/en-us/thegame/world.aspx|publisher=Lego |accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref> Three racetracks are found on these worlds that allow players to race against each other with custom race cars.<ref name = Playing>{{cite web|title= Playing in Lego Universe|url=http://universe.lego.com/en-us/thegame/play.aspx|publisher=Lego |accessdate= 2 September 2011}}</ref>

Throughout the game players collect Lego pieces that can be used to freely build models on their personal properties. Properties can be set to only allow in certain friends or to give access to anybody in the game.<ref name=Building>{{cite web|title = Building |url=http://universe.lego.com/en-us/thegame/buildanything.aspx|publisher=Lego |accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref>

== Promotion ==
=== Trailers ===
The original trailer, leaked around early 2008, showed early concepts of the game. These include character customization using the traditional Lego method, a workshop where a car is created from [[Lego]] bricks, a Lego city populated with sets from numerous different themes, and a short theatrical battle between an eye-patched Lego minifigure and a "Darkling". In January 2010, six new gameplay videos, an interview, and another trailer were shown at CES 2010 and released on the internet.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gametrailers.com/game/lego-universe/4954 |title=New CES 2010 videos |publisher=Game trailers |date= | accessdate = 2010-01-16}}</ref> A theatrical-style trailer depicting the background story was revealed at the [[Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010|E3 Gaming Expo]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://e3.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/705586/E3-2010-Lego-Universe-E3-Trailer.html | title = LEGO Universe E3 Trailer | publisher = G4TV}}</ref>

=== Bradford Rant ===
In November 2009, a website for the fictional "Bradford-Rant Institute for Cosmic Kinesis" was linked on the LEGO Universe web page. The institute was supposedly tracking seven LEGO "Pods" in space, which landed in various parts of the [[United States]] and [[Europe]]. Fans could track and find these pods, all of which landed between November 2009 and early January 2010. Once a pod was found, its data was put up on the Bradford-Rant page. After all of the Pods were found, a new trailer for Lego Universe and the tagline for the game, "Answer the Call: Save Imagination," was released.<ref name="bradfordrant1">{{cite web|url= http://www.bradfordrant.org/en/reveal_the_mystery.html |title= Reveal the Mystery at Bradford-Rant |publisher= Bradford-Rant | date = |accessdate=2010-01-16}}</ref>

=== The Great Minifig Mission ===
In January 2010, the Bradford Rant promotion then was turned over to "The Great Minifig Mission" promotion in which LEGO account holders complete missions in order to help [[minifig]]s enter the universe. The missions are released at an approximate rate of one every week when the site is updated. When the promotion started, it had a timer ending on April 2, 2010, at 12:00am midnight, [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]], which is April 1 at 8:00pm [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]. On March 27, the timer reset to June 2, 2010, at 12:00am [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]], or June 1 at 8:00pm [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://universe.lego.com/en-us/helptheminifigs/Default.aspx?domainredir=legouniverse.com | publisher =Lego | title = Universe | contribution = The Great Minifig Mission |accessdate=2010-04-03}}</ref>

===E3 2010===
On June 15–17, 2010, the LEGO Universe Team hosted an event at the [[Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010|2010 E3 Gaming Expo]], where attendees could play in the Beta. It was during this event that the global distributor of LEGO Universe was announced, [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]], along with the official release date.<ref name="LEGO Universe at E3"/>

== Testing ==
===Alpha===
Beginning December 8, 2009, members of the LEGO Kids Inner Circle who had been members before December 7 were invited to test the game before the beta started.<ref>CES 2010: LEGO Universe Demo, Part 1 - Alpha testing mentioned at 2:28</ref> Before this, the only people who could play the game were Lego employees and their friends and families. The game was in a very early state; only a few worlds were ready for testing, and the parts that were playable had several glitches. As time went on, glitches were fixed, and more worlds were opened. Several concepts tested in the Alpha test did not make it into the Beta and were scrapped.

=== Beta ===
In January 2010, LEGO announced that, at the [[Consumer Electronics Show]], there would be a demonstration and sign-ups for beta testing.

The link to the Closed-Beta signup page was originally leaked on an LU Producer's Twitter page, allowing some people to sign up for the game before anyone else.<ref>{{cite press release |title= LEGO Universe Beta Sign Up Page Leaked on Twitter |url= http://www.mlnteam.net/news-central-f30/lego-universe-beta-sign-up-page-leaked-on-twitter-t8836.htm |publisher= Javamint |date= 2010-02-04 |accessdate= 2010-10-04}}</ref> The February issue of the LEGO Universe newsletter, released soon after, also contained a link to the [[Beta version|Beta]] sign up page for LEGO Universe, wherein subscribers were able to sign up for a chance to be in the [[Beta Test]] for PC only (though a Mac version was released later on during testing.) Members of My LEGO Network on LEGO.com also received a message inviting them to the Beta sign ups. In March, the LEGO Universe website featured a link on an article directly to the Beta sign ups.<ref>{{cite press release | title = LEGO Universe Welcomes Adventurers at CES 2010 with Hands-On Demos and Beta Sign Ups |url = http://www.verticalwire.com/releases/1651--i-lego-universe-i-welcomes-adventurers-at-ces-2010-with-hands-on-demos-and-beta-sign-ups |publisher= Lego | date= 2010-01-05 | accessdate = 2010-06-21}}</ref> Lego Universe Beta invites were sent out to the first round of non-Alpha Testers on March 10; the Beta Test then ended on September 26 at 7:59 PM EDT (September 29 at 1:00 PM EDT, on the German Server) to prepare for the "Founders" Launch on October 8.

== Purchase ==
''LEGO Universe'' was based on a subscription known as "Game-Time". A player could choose from one, six, and twelve month subscriptions (the six and twelve month subscription times rendering special in-game bonuses when bought). Once a user bought a subscription, the Game Time refill code was sent periodically based on the subscription that was purchased, using a process known as auto-renewal. Game Time could also be purchased in the form of non-renewed game cards.

===Normal Order===
''LEGO Universe'' became available for normal order on October 27, 2010. The Normal Order shipped with only the LEGO Universe DVD and one month of free game time, though promotions did occasionally arise which provided additional exclusive items. The game was also available for download online, through services such as Steam.

===Free to Play===
Aside from the normal membership packages the game also offered a free to play option with certain limitations, such as there being only two worlds available for free play (one being Venture Explorer — a Tutorial world) and Avant Gardens. You could take part in the fight against the Spider Queen and have temporary gear which involves armour and weapons for each Faction. There was a button which asks players if they want to become a full member, where they got access to everywhere in the Universe and got to do more missions & achievements. Free to play required the user to enter a Lego ID & password and create a character with certain names, whereas members could have their own made-up names.They were also limited on having a maximum 10,000 coins to buy items and food. They did have access to Block Yard where they could build their own creations. They were not allowed to trade with other minifigures, or have more than five friends on their friends list.

Many players thought it challenging to increase in level after completing the main story line, nevertheless many players participated in the Free-to-play option.

===Game server shutdown===
On Monday, January 30, 2012, the LEGO Universe servers shut down, and the game is no longer available to purchase or play. Jesper Vilstrup, Vice President of LEGO Universe, stated, "Unfortunately, we have not been able to build a satisfactory revenue model in our target group, and therefore, have decided to close the game."<ref name = "Zam" /> For the last month of LEGO Universe, players with membership were offered a month of play at no cost as a "Thank you" from the LEGO Universe Team.<ref>{{cite press release | title= Game server shutdown: Free last month play | url= http://universe.lego.com/en-gb/community/newsnetwork/story.aspx?id=359539 | publisher = Lego | date=2011-01-11}}</ref> {{update after|2012|01|31}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{Citation | url = http://universe.lego.com/ | title = Universe | publisher = Lego}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.netdevil.com/games/lego.php | title = Lego Universe | publisher = NetDevil}}
* {{Citation | url = http://www.gametrailers.com/video/ces-10-lego-universe/60652 | title = Lego Universe at CES 2010 | publisher = Game trailers}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://twitter.com/LEGO_Universe/ | title = LEGO Universe | publisher = Twitter}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://legouniverse.wikia.com | title = The LEGO Universe Wiki | publisher = Wikia}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.bradfordrant.org/en/home.html | title = Bradford Rant Institute | publisher = Lego}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.comestolife.com | title = 3D Artist | publisher = SIG}}.
{{Lego games}}
{{Lego}}

[[Category:2010 video games]]
[[Category:Massively multiplayer online role-playing games]]
[[Category:Inactive_massively_multiplayer_online_games]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:Lego video games|Universe]]
[[Category:Lua-scripted video games]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments]]

[[da:LEGO Universe]]
[[fr:Lego Universe]]
[[it:LEGO Universe]]
[[nl:LEGO Universe]]
[[pt:Lego Universe]]
[[fi:Lego Universe]]
[[zh:樂高宇宙]]

Joachim Bouvet

2012-11-21T11:47:28Z

220.255.2.26: /* Biography */

{{Infobox Chinese|pic=Joachim Bouvet Etat present de la Chine 1697.jpg|picsize=200px|piccap=Plate from Joachim Bouvet's ''Etat présent de la Chine'' (1697).|showflag=cp|c=白晋 or 白進|p=Bái Jìn|mi={{IPAc-cmn|b|ai|2|-|j|in|4}}|w=Pái Chìn|altname=Courtesy name|c2=明远|p2=Míng Yuǎn|myr2=Míng Ywǎn|w2=Míng Yüǎn}}
'''Joachim Bouvet''' (July 18, 1656 - October 9, 1730) ({{zh|c=白晋 or 白進}}, courtesy name: 明远) was a [[France|French]] [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit who worked in China]], and the leading member of the [[Figurist]] movement.

==Biography==
Born at [[Le Mans]], Joachim Bouvet became a philosophy student in 1676 at the [[Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand]] in [[La Flèche]].<ref>Shenwen Li, p.46</ref> He came to [[China]] in 1687, as one of six Jesuits, the first group of French [[missionaries]] to China, sent by the French King [[Louis XIV of France]], under Superior [[Jean de Fontaney]].

Before setting out for their destination, he and his associates were admitted to the French [[Academie des Sciences]] and were commissioned by that learned body to carry on astronomical observations, to determine the geographical positions of the various places they were to visit, and to collect various scientific data.

The group, after being provided with all necessary scientific instruments, by order of the King, sailed from [[Brest, France|Brest]], 3 March 1685, with Father Fontaney as Superior. After spending some time in [[Siam]], they finally arrived in Peking, 7 February 1688. The Jesuits were well received by the [[Kangxi Emperor]]. Bouvet and [[Jean-François Gerbillon]] stayed at [[Peking]], teaching the emperor mathematics and astronomy.

While engaged in this work, the two Jesuits wrote several mathematical treatises in the [[Manchu language]] which the emperor caused to be translated into [[Chinese language|Chinese]], adding the prefaces himself. So far did they win his esteem and confidence that he gave a site within the Imperial City enclosure for a church and residence which were finally completed in 1702.

Bouvet later served as the Chinese emperor's envoy to France, and returned to his home country in 1697 with instructions from the emperor to obtain new missionaries. Kangxi made him the bearer of a gift of forty-nine volumes in Chinese for the French king. These were deposited in the Royal Library, and Louis XIV, in turn, commissioned Father Bouvet to present to the emperor a magnificently bound collection of engravings. In 1699 Father Bouvet arrived in China for the second time, accompanied by ten missionaries among them [[Joseph Henri Marie de Prémare]], [[Jean-Baptiste Régis]], and [[Dominique Parrenin]]. Kangxi honored Bouvet further with the title of interpreter to his son, the heir-apparent.

In 1700, with four of his fellow missionaries, Bouvet presented a memorial to the emperor, asking for a decision as to the meaning attached to the various ceremonies of the Chinese in honor of Confucius and their ancestors. The emperor, who had taken a keen interest in the [[Chinese Rites controversy|controversy regarding the ceremonies]], replied that they were simply civil usages, having no religious significance whatsoever. The memorial, together with the emperors reply, was published in the ''Peking Gazette'' but failed to allay the excitement then raging in Europe over the question.In 1706, Kangxi decided to send Bouvet to the [[Holy See|Vatican]] to settle the [[Chinese Rites controversy]], but took back his decision later.

From 1708 to 1715, Bouvet and [[Jean-Baptiste Régis]] were engaged in a survey of the country and the preparation of [[cartography|map]]s of its various provinces.

As a sinologist, Bouvet focused his research on ''[[I Ching]]''. Trying to find a connection between the Chinese classics and the [[Bible]], Bouvet came to the conclusion that the Chinese had known the whole truth of the [[Christian]] tradition in ancient times and that this truth could be found in the Chinese classics. Even though he had some of his texts published, none of Bouvet's more extreme Figurist texts were published until the mid-19th century. He died in Peking on October 9, 1730. His gravestone stele is on display at the Stone Carving Museum of Beijing (at the [[Five Pagoda Temple]]) together with the gravestone steles of Father Gerbillon, and Father Regis.

== Major works ==
* ''Etat présent de la Chine, en figures gravées par P. Giffart sur les dessins apportés au roi par le P. J. Bouvet'' (Paris, 1697)
* ''Portrait historique de l'empereur de la Chine'' (Paris, 1697)

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Li, Shenwen, 2001, ''Stratégies missionnaires des Jésuites Français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIieme siècle'', Les Presses de l'Université Laval, L'Harmattan, ISBN 2-7475-1123-5
* Entry in the [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723b.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'']
* Short biography in the [http://archives.catholic.org.hk/books/author/bouvet.htm Hong Kong Catholic diocesan Archive]

==See also==
* [[France-China relations]]
* [[Religion in China]]
* [[List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China]]
* [[Jesuit China missions]]
* [[Christianity in China]]
* [[List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics]]

{{catholic}}

{{Christianity and China}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Bouvet, Joachim
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = July 18, 1656
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = October 9, 1730
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bouvet, Joachim}}
[[Category:1656 births]]
[[Category:1730 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Le Mans]]
[[Category:French Jesuits]]
[[Category:French cartographers]]
[[Category:Jesuit China missions]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in China]]
[[Category:French sinologists]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic cleric–scientists]]

[[fr:Joachim Bouvet]]
[[ja:ジョアシャン・ブーヴェ]]
[[no:Joachim Bouvet]]
[[zh:白晋]]

Lee Kong Chian

2012-11-20T01:13:34Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox person
|honorific_prefix = [[Panglima Mangku Negara|Tan Sri]] [[Dato']] [[Honorary degree|Dr.]]
|name = Lee Kong Chian
|image = LKchian.jpg
|image_size = 150px
|caption = Lee Kong Chian
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|10|18|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Nan'an, Fujian|Nan'an]], [[Fujian]], [[China]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1967|6|2|1893|10|18|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Singapore]]
|other_names = Lee Geok Kun
|known_for = Philanthropic work, founder of [[Lee Foundation]]
|occupation = Businessman
|nationality =
|spouse = Tan Ai Leh
|children = '''Sons''': [[Lee Seng Gee]] [[Lee Seng Tee]] [[Lee Seng Wee]] '''Daughters''': [[Lee Seok Kheng]] [[Lee Seok Tin]] [[Lee Seok Chee]]
|parents = Lee Kuo Chuan (father)
|relatives = [[Tan Kah Kee]] (father-in-law)
}}
{{chinese name|[[Li (李)|Lee]]}}
[[Panglima Mangku Negara|Tan Sri]] [[Dato']] [[Honorary degree|Dr.]] '''Lee Kong Chian''' ({{zh|c=李光前|p=Lǐ Guāngqián|poj=Lí Kong-tsiân|j=Lei5 Gwong1-cin4}}; 18 October 1893 - 2 June 1967), alias '''Lee Geok Kun''' ({{zh|c=李玉昆|p=Lǐ Yùkūn|j=Lei5 Juk6-gwan1}}), was a prominent Chinese businessman and [[philanthropist]] who was the founder of the [[Lee Foundation]] in [[Singapore]]. He was one of [[Southeast Asia]]'s richest men in the 1950s and 1960s. He was also the son-in-law of [[Tan Kah Kee]].

==Early life==
Lee was born in Furong Village, [[Nan'an, Fujian|Nan'an]], [[Fujian]], China, towards the end of the [[Qing Dynasty]]. He received his early education in privately-run schools in his hometown. In 1903, he came to [[Singapore]] (then a British colony) to join his father at the age of 10. Lee studied at two defunct schools, namely the Anglo-Indian School and Chongcheng School.

Lee returned to China in 1909 to complete his education under a scholarship, but it had to end in 1911 as the [[Xinhai Revolution]] broke out. In China, Lee studied at Chi Nan College in [[Nanjing]] and later the Railway and Mining College in [[Tangshan]], which was then one of the top colleges in China.

Upon returning to Singapore, Lee worked as a teacher at [[Tao Nan School]] and as a translator at a Chinese-language newspaper. In 1915, he joined the China Guohua Company, owned by [[Tan Kah Kee]], and became Tan's protégé. He was promoted to manager of the Tan Kah Kee Rubber Company in 1917, and three years later, he married Tan's daughter, Tan Ai Leh.

==Career==
Seven years later, Lee set up his own rubber smoking house in [[Muar (district)|Muar]], [[Johor]], [[Malaya]], which became the Nam Aik Rubber Company in 1928. His enterprises of rubber planting and manufacture, pineapple planting and canning soon expanded to other parts of [[Southeast Asia]], including Singapore, Malaya, [[North Borneo]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Thailand]]. He was known as "Southeast Asia's Rubber and Pineapple King". He became one of the richest men in the region, with the Lee Rubber Company becoming a multi-million dollar business which he started in 1931.

Lee also went into banking. He became general manager and vice-chairman of Huayi Bank. He was appointed vice-chairman of the corporation when the three Chinese banks merged to form the [[Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation]] (OCBC) in 1933.

In 1934, Lee became the chairperson of [[The Chinese High School (Singapore)|The Chinese High School]], a post he held until 1957. In 1939, Lee founded a school in his homeland known as Guozhuan Primary School in his hometown of Furong and in 1943, he set up the Guoguang Primary School. Lee also donated his rubber factory to become a Chinese school in [[Kuala Lumpur]] which was later renamed SJK(C) Lee Rubber in [[Jalan Gombak]]. He gave lectures in [[Columbia University]] during [[World War II]] while he was stranded in the [[United States]]. Lee became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Singapore (now the [[National University of Singapore]]) and donated S$1 million for the development of a medical college on the college's grounds. Other institutions received financial support from the [[Lee Foundation]], including the National University of Singapore, [[Anglo-Chinese School]], [[St. Margaret's Secondary School]], [[Methodist Girls' School]], [[Singapore Chinese Girls' School]], [[Tao Nan School]], [[Anglican High School]] and The Chinese High School. The [[Lee Kong Chian School of Business]] of the [[Singapore Management University]] was named in his honour.

Like Tan Kah Kee, Lee poured his wealth into education and other philanthropic work. He set up the Lee Foundation in Singapore in 1952 and in Malaya in 1960. In 1965, the Lee Foundation Limited was established in [[Hong Kong]]. Lee spearheaded free public library services for the nation when he donated S$375,000 through the Lee Foundation to allow the Singapore government to build the [[National Library, Singapore|Old National Library]] building at [[Stamford Road]].

When charity depended on the rise and fall of fortunes, the Lee Foundation was set up in Singapore in 1952 and in Malaya in 1960. In 1965 the Lee Foundation Ltd. was established in Hong Kong. Between 1952 and 1993 the Foundation donated sums amounting to S$300 million to various causes with no conditions attached.

==Later life==
[[File:Statue of Dr Lee Kong Chian.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Lee Kong Chian at [[Hwa Chong Institution]]]]

Lee's work and generous contributions to education and society were recognised, and duly conferred with an [[honorary degree]] of [[Doctor of Laws]] by the [[University of Malaya]] in 1958. In 1964, the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (Head of State) of [[Malaysia]] granted Lee the title of [[Panglima Mangku Negara]] (PMN). Prior to that, Lee had been made [[Dato']] by the Sultans of [[Johor]] and [[Kelantan]] in 1957 and 1959 respectively. He became the chairman of OCBC Bank in 1965 and remained in that position until his death in 1967. In 1965, Lee was conferred the honorary degree of [[Doctor of Letters]] by the University of Singapore in recognition of his services to the university and his contributions to arts and education.

Lee's legacy of philanthropy continues to live in his family; he is survived by three sons [[Lee Seng Gee]] (Chairman of the Lee Foundation), [[Lee Seng Tee]], [[Lee Seng Wee]] (director of OCBC) and three daughters Seok Keng (deceased, December 2011), Seok Tin and Seok Chee.

==Places named after Lee Kong Chian==
*[[National Library, Singapore#Lee Kong Chian Reference Library|Lee Kong Chian Reference Library]], [[National Library, Singapore]]
*Lee Kong Chian Lecture Theatre - [[Nanyang Technological University]]'s largest lecture theatre.
*[[Lee Kong Chian School of Business]] of [[Singapore Management University]]
*Lee Kong Chian Wing, University Hall, [[National University of Singapore]]
*Kong Chian Administration Centre, [[Hwa Chong Institution]]

==References==
{{commons category|Lee Kong Chian}}

*{{cite web | title = Feature Article: Dr Lee Kong Chian | work = Singapore Management University | url = http://www.smu.edu.sg/news_room/smuhub/aug2004/microsite/FeatureArticle_02.html | accessdate = 8 December 2008}}
*{{cite web |url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_978_2006-06-16.html |title=''Lee Kong Chian'' |accessdate=2009-07-30 |author=Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman |work=Singapore Infopedia |publisher=Singapore National Library Board}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Lee, Kong Chian
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 18 October 1893
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Nan'an, Fujian]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 2 June 1967
| PLACE OF DEATH = Singapore
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Kong Chian}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (Malaysia)]]
[[Category:Singaporean businesspeople]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Hokkien descent]]
[[Category:Singaporean philanthropists]]

[[zh-min-nan:Lí Kong-chiân]]
[[zh:李光前 (慈善家)]]

Kinder Surprise

2012-11-13T02:28:58Z

220.255.2.26: /* Overview */

{{essay-like|date=March 2012}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2010}}
[[File:Überaschungs-Ei.jpg|thumb|An unopened Kinder Surprise with the opened chocolate shell and the included toy with its original plastic container.]]
[[File:Kindersupriseegg.jpg|thumb|Kinder Surprise contains a toy inside a plastic shell (new shell).]]
[[File:Kinder Surprise Christmas.jpg|thumb|Kinder Christmas, a 150g egg released on Christmas Eve.]]
'''Kinder Surprise''', also known as a '''Kinder Egg''' or, in the original Italian, '''Kinder Sorpresa''', is a [[confection]] manufactured by Italian company Ferrero. Originally intended for [[child]]ren, it has the form of a [[chocolate]] egg containing a small [[toy]], often requiring assembly.

==Overview==
Kinder Surprise originated in 1973 in Italy as Kinder Sorpresa. The German word "Kinder" in the name came about because in 1967, Ferrero's German subsidiary introduced [[Kinder Chocolate]] ("Kinderschokolade") to the German market, and in 1968 that product was introduced to Ferrero's native Italy, establishing the "Kinder" brand there, prior to the introduction of the Kinder Sorpresa chocolate eggs. Kinder Surprise eggs were introduced to the German market in 1974, and for many years this was the largest market for the product. 

The toys are designed by both inside designers and external freelancers (for example the French artist [[André Roche]] based in Munich) and manufactured by many companies worldwide, such as Produzioni Editoriali Aprile, a small company based in Turin, Italy, run and founded by two brothers, Ruggero and Valerio Aprile.

Kinder Eggs are sold all over the world excluding the [[United States]], as the 1938 [[Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]] contains a section highlighting that a confectionery product with a non-nutritive object, partially or totally imbedded within it, cannot be sold within the United States, unless the FDA issues a regulation that the non-nutritive object has functional value. No such regulation has been issued. <ref>[http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/federalfooddrugandcosmeticactfdcact/default.htm 1938 Food and Drug Act]</ref>

In 1997, the staff of the CPSC, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, examined and issued a recall for some Kinder Surprise illegally brought into the US with foreign labels. <ref>[http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml97/97172.html CPSC Office of Information & Public Affairs, Release #97-172, August 18, 1997, “Kreiner Recall”]</ref>

In [[Europe]] they have become a minor cult phenomenon among adults. There is even a thriving [[collecting|collector]]'s market for the toys. There are many types of toys available, but some of the most popular with collectors include the ever-changing series of small hand-painted figures (some have to be assembled); cartoon characters; metal figures and jigsaw puzzles. Seasonal eggs are introduced around the holidays, such as the limited-edition creche collections (featuring such characters as the three kings, baby [[Jesus]], and assorted barnyard animals) found around [[Christmas]], and the huge ones found at Easter (extremely popular in Italy).

A relatively new innovation, triggered by the advent of the [[Internet]], is the introduction of "Internet surprises". Accompanying the toy is a small slip of paper containing a "Magicode". This code gives access to games at the Magic Kinder website, some for downloading, some for playing online.

==Classification and identification==
Classifying and identifying Kinder Surprise toys is a rather complex exercise. There are several different lines, and a number of different numbering systems have been used over the years. Until the 1990s, the toys were seldom numbered at all, which can make identification difficult (although some early toys, especially hand-painted figurines, have a [[Ferrero SpA|Ferrero]] mark). Kinder history can be broadly split into two periods: pre-2004 and post-2004. The pre-2004 toys were made by Ferrero. But in 2004, a Luxembourg-based company called MPG (which stands for Magic Production Group) took over toy production, although Ferrero continues to make Kinder Surprise chocolate.

In recent years, there have also been reproductions of older toys, which Kinder collectors frequently refer to as "recasts".<ref>[http://www.megacom.net/~arkones/k-recast.html RECAST Toys 2000/2001 list!]</ref> These "recasts" first appeared in Poland, but soon spread to other Eastern European countries and eventually to Canada, Mexico, South America, Australia and New Zealand. They have very similar papers to the original releases, but the numbering is slightly different. For example, a "recast" of K93 No. 81 is simply numbered "No. 81". Both the toys and papers have this altered numbering. Recasts are not very popular with collectors, but they are nevertheless sought after by completists.

==Limited editions==
In addition to the regular collectible toys, Kinder Surprise series generally contain special limited-edition sets. These sets tend to vary greatly between countries, with many variations in toys, but more especially papers, which tend to be unique to the specific countries in which the sets are released. Some sets are released in many countries, while others are only issued in one or two.

Hand-painted figurines are solid toys that generally do not require assembly. They are very popular with collectors. They can be broadly divided into two types: animal themes and cartoon characters. The earliest sets were released only in Germany and Italy, but after about 1993, they were released in many different countries. There have been many sets of metal figures, the majority of them being soldiers, issued since late 1970.

==Prohibition on sale or import into the United States==
While Kinder eggs have been available in Canada since 1975, the product has never been allowed into the US for several reasons.

The 1938 [[Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]] contains a section highlighting that a confectionery product with a non-nutritive object, partially or totally imbedded within it, cannot be sold within the United States, unless the FDA issues a regulation that the non-nutritive object has functional value.<ref>[http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/federalfooddrugandcosmeticactfdcact/default.htm 1938 Food and Drug Act]</ref> Essentially, the 1938 Act bans “the sale of any candy that has imbedded in it a toy or trinket.” <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/28/us/giants-in-candy-waging-battle-over-a-tiny-toy.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm New York Times, “Giants in Candy Waging Battle Over a Tiny Toy”, 9/28/97]</ref>

In 2012 the FDA re-issued their import alert stating “The imbedded non-nutritive objects in these confectionery products may pose a public health risk as the consumer may unknowingly choke on the object.” <ref>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_107.html FDA Import Alert 34-02] ''fda.gov''</ref>

In 1989, Ferrero sought a regulation through a petition, but it was later withdrawn and no such regulation has been issued.{{fact|date=August 2012}}

In 1997, the staff of the CPSC, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, examined and issued a recall for some Kinder Surprise illegally brought into the US with foreign labels. The staff determined that the toys within the eggs had small parts. The staff presumed that Kinder Surprise, being a chocolate product, was intended for children of all ages, including those under three years of age. On this basis, the staff took the position that Kinder Surprise was in violation of the small parts regulation and banned from importation into the US. <ref>[http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml97/97172.html CPSC Office of Information & Public Affairs, Release #97-172, August 18, 1997, “Kreiner Recall”]</ref>

However, no statute or regulation of the CPSC specifically addresses this category of products in the US.

It should be noted that wherever marketed and sold throughout the world, Kinder Surprise bears prominent warnings both on the outer and inner packaging advising the consumer that the toy is “not suitable for children under three years, due to the presence of small parts” and that “adult supervision is recommended.” <ref>[http://www.ferrerousa.com/inc/IMGShow.php?IDF=14189 Kinder Surprise Packaging Warning labels]</ref>

Since the launch of Kinder surprise in 1974 there have been 2 publicly recorded choking fatalities, in 1985 and in 1989, associated with parts of a toy from the product. The judicial inquiries determined that these had been unfortunate fatalities and that there was no causal link between the incidents and the combination of the toy and the egg, since the incident occurred several days after the consumption of the chocolate. This was thoroughly discussed in the UK House of Commons <ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1985/jul/16/confectionery-plastic-toys#S6CV0083P0_19850716_CWA_192 UK House of Commons Sitting of 16 July 1985 - Confectionery]</ref> <ref>[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1989-12-06/Orals-1.html UK House of Commons Oral Answers to Questions - Trade and Industry - 6 December 1989]</ref> <ref>[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198889/cmhansrd/1989-11-09/Writtens-1.html UK House of Commons Written Answers to Questions - Trade and Industry - 9 November 1989]</ref> and also by the UK Department of Trade and Industry which said, "The child’s tragic death was caused by the ingestion of a small part of the egg’s contents. Many other products and toys with small parts are available in the market place. If we were to start banning every product that could be swallowed by a child, there would be very few toys left in the market.” <ref>[http://www.ferrerousa.com//inc/IMGShow.php?IDF=15023 UK Department of Trade and Industry Press Notice - 14 August 1985]</ref>

On January 10, 2011, it was reported that a Kinder egg was seized from a woman's car during a random inspection while entering the United States from Canada. She was informed that bringing the egg into the United States could result in a $300 fine. Seizures such as that one, and even the prohibition of the product itself, have been cited on political blogs and web forums as an example of an overzealous application of law and an intrusion upon personal liberty.<ref>[http://www.politicalforum.com/current-events/167162-united-states-ridiculous.html United States of Ridiculous!] politicalforum.com</ref> The rationale against a ban of the product also takes the form that deaths have been too few for it to be considered a serious danger. Additionally, the argument is made that there should be a consistent standard in place, as several worse dangers are not regulated.<ref>[http://www.acreativerevolution.ca/node/2576 The story of the AK47 and the egg] A Creative Revolution, January 13, 2011</ref>

[[File:Kinder-Joy.jpg|thumb|Two Italian Kinder Merenderos (Kinder Joy).]]

==Other Kinder Surprise egg types==
In addition to the main line of Kinder eggs, giant-sized Kinder eggs known as "Maxi eggs" are also manufactured. They include toys bigger than the regular-sized ones.

They are sold under the name of Kinder Joy in [[Austria]], [[Brazil]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Hungary]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[India]], [[Croatia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Israel]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Spain]], [[Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], [[Hong Kong]]<ref>Sold as new design</ref>, [[Portugal]], [[Colombia]], [[South Africa]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Argentina]], [[Ukraine]], [[Cameroon]], the [[Middle East]], [[Venezuela]] and various [[Latin American]] countries.

==See also==
*[[Wonder Ball]]
*[[K.S.-n-Kickin]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kinder Surprise}}
* [http://www.magic-kinder.com Magic Kinder] Official website.
* [http://www.dmoz.org/search?q=kinder+surprise Open Directory] Kinder Surprise section
* [http://www.canada.com/life/Kinder+Surprises+Banned/2353187/story.html Kinder Eggs prohibited in the United States]
{{Ferrero}}

[[Category:Ferrero brands]]
[[Category:1972 introductions]]
[[Category:Toy collecting]]

[[ca:Kinder]]
[[da:Kinder Surprise]]
[[de:Kinder Überraschung]]
[[es:Kinder Sorpresa]]
[[fr:Kinder]]
[[it:Kinder Sorpresa]]
[[he:ביצת קינדר]]
[[hr:Kinder Surprise]]
[[nl:Verrassingsei]]
[[ja:キンダーサプライズ]]
[[no:Kinderegg]]
[[pl:Kinder niespodzianka]]
[[pt:Kinder Ovo]]
[[ru:Киндер-сюрприз]]
[[sr:Киндер јаје]]
[[fi:Kinder-yllätys]]
[[sv:Kinderägg]]
[[zh:健達出奇蛋]]

Legend of the Fist: Chen Zhen

2012-11-08T02:44:00Z

220.255.2.26: /* Plot */

{{Infobox television
|show_name = Jingwu Chen Zhen
|image = [[File:Jingwu Chen Zhen.jpg|200px]]
|caption = DVD cover art
|show_name_2 =
|genre = Martial arts, historical drama
|format =
|creator =
|developer =
|writer = Wang Gong
|director = Choi Jing-shing
|creative_director = [[Stanley Kwan]]
|presenter = Sheng Xiaodong Wang Dafang Xu Tianfu
|starring = [[Jordan Chan]] [[Dong Jie]] [[Terence Yin]] Chu Yinan Norman Chu Liu Zihao Tang Yifei [[Bryan Leung]] [[Tony Liu]] Wang Feihong Liu Jiaoxin
|judges =
|voices =
|narrated =
|theme_music_composer =
|opentheme = ''Tai Ho Si Chung Wah'' (大号是中华) performed by [[Tsui Siu-ming]] (in Cantonese)
|endtheme = ''Li Ge'' (离歌) performed by [[Shin (singer)|Shin]] (in Mandarin)
|composer =
|country = China Hong Kong
|language = Mandarin
|num_seasons =
|num_episodes = 30
|list_episodes =
|executive_producer = Yu Pei Wang Zhizhong
|producer = Guo Jun Jin Shuli Deng Liwei
|editor =
|location = China Hong Kong
|cinematography =
|camera =
|runtime = 45 minutes per episode
|company =
|distributor =
|channel = [[Television Broadcasts Limited|TVB]]
|picture_format =
|audio_format =
|first_run = 2008
|first_aired =
|last_aired =
|status =
|preceded_by = ''[[Huo Yuanjia (2008 TV series)|Huo Yuanjia]]'' (2007)
|followed_by =
|related =
|website =
|production_website =
}}
{{Chinese|t=精武陳真|s=精武陈真|p=Jīngwǔ Chén Zhēn|l=Chen Zhen of Jingwu}}
'''''Jingwu Chen Zhen''''' is a television series based on the story of [[Chen Zhen (fictional character)|Chen Zhen]], a fictional student of martial artist [[Huo Yuanjia]]. The series is a sequel to the 2008 television series ''[[Huo Yuanjia (2008 TV series)|Huo Yuanjia]]'', with [[Jordan Chan]] reprising his role as Chen Zhen.

==Plot==
The story continues from after [[Chen Zhen (fictional character)|Chen Zhen]]'s apparent death in the previous series. Chen has actually survived and he travels to [[Beijing]] with [[Huo Yuanjia]]'s orphaned son Huo Dongjue. Chen Zhen changes his name to "Cheng Zhi'en" and works for the Fang family there. He dedicates himself to raising and grooming Huo Dongjue to become a worthy successor to Huo Yuanjia. At the same time, Chen Zhen strikes up a romantic relationship with Fang Zhixin, the daughter of his boss. He also befriends Huangfu Yizhen, a former martial arts champion.

Chen Zhen becomes involved in the rivalry between the Fang family and the Hongkou Gang, and he secretly helps the Fangs while in disguise. His true identity is eventually exposed and he goes into hiding to escape from the police. Initially, Chen Zhen is more concerned about reviving [[Chin Woo Athletic Association|Jingwu School]], his late teacher's legacy. However, over time, Chen Zhen begins to understand that he needs to defend China from the aggressive [[Empire of Japan]]. Chen Zhen continued to participate in missions to disrupt the Japanese's plans for invasion until the [[Marco Polo Bridge Incident]] in 1937, which marks the beginning of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. On the night before the Japanese invaded Beijing, Chen rallies his allies to destroy the Japanese secret agency's base in the Hongkou dojo. Chen sacrifices himself in the battle and becomes a martyr.

==Cast==
* [[Jordan Chan]] as [[Chen Zhen (fictional character)|Chen Zhen]]
* [[Dong Jie]] as Fang Zhixin
* [[Terence Yin]] as Yagyū Shizukumo (Liusheng Jingyun)
* Chu Yinan as Xu Yanru
* Liu Zihao as Fang Zhiwei
* Tang Yifei as Chiyo (Qiandai)
* Norman Chu as Satō (Zuoteng)
* [[Bryan Leung]] as Huangfu Yizhen
* [[Tony Liu]] as Xu Yannong
* Sun Yan as Fang Zhixiong
* Wang Feihong as Lu Da'an
* Liu Jiaoxin as Mayor Jin
* Guo Shengran as Huo Dongjue
* Li Xiaoyan as Fang siblings' mother
* Alan Ng as Yamamoto Hiro (Shanben Hong)
* Jin Peng as Asami Sawa (Qianjian Ze)
* Fang Ye as Zhang He

==External links==
* {{zh icon}} [http://ent.sina.com.cn/f/v/jwcz/ ''Jingwu Chen Zhen''] on [[Sina.com]]
* {{zh icon}} [http://baike.baidu.com/view/1227523.htm ''Jingwu Chen Zhen''] on [[Baidu Baike]]

{{Huo Yuanjia and Chen Zhen}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jingwu Chen Zhen}}
[[Category:2008 television series debuts]]
[[Category:Martial arts television series]]
[[Category:Chinese history in television]]

SMRT Buses

2012-11-07T15:47:56Z

220.255.2.26: /* Current bus fleet */

{{Infobox Bus transit
| name = SMRT Buses
| image = SMB138Y on Service 971E.jpg
| image_caption =
| company_slogan = Moving People, Enhancing Lives
| parent = [[SMRT Corporation]]
| headquarters = [[Singapore]]
| service_type = [[Bus service]]
| routes = 98
| stations = 6 (Interchanges) 2 (Terminals) 3 (Depots)
| fleet = 1190 buses (2012)
| ridership = 931,800 (FY2011)
| founded = 31 May 1982 (as [[TIBS Holdings|TIBS]]) 10 May 2004 (rebranded after merger)
| ceo = [[Desmond Kuek Bak Chye]] (President & [[CEO]])
| website = [http://www.smrt.com.sg/Buses/eBusGuide.aspx SMRT Buses Website]
}}
[[Image:Smrtbuses.JPG|right|thumb|250px|A mix of resprayed buses in red livery with some in older, yellow Tibs livery parked at [[Bukit Panjang]] [[Bukit Panjang Bus Interchange|Bus Interchange]]]]
[[Image:Int-Hispano Habit.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Interior of a Mercedes-Benz O405G with Hispano Habit bodywork]]

'''SMRT Buses''' (originally [[TIBS Holdings|Trans Island Bus Services]] (TIBS)) is a public [[bus]] transport operator in [[Singapore]]. Singapore has a [[duopoly]] transport system in which SMRT's only competitor is [[SBS Transit]], which also operates bus services in Singapore. The company was incorporated as TIBS on 31 May 1982, in a heavily regulated market, to be a competitor to [[Singapore Bus Service]]. In accordance with restructuring at parent company [[SMRT Corporation]], TIBS was renamed "SMRT Buses" on 10 May 2004.

==History==
In 1982, the company ran with a fleet of 37 buses and two services, 160 (later renumbered 980) and 167. Later, more services were handed over to them by the government along with the tender to operate services in the northern region, mainly [[Yishun]] and the developing [[Woodlands New Town]].

In 1995, as part of the government's plan to make the local bus system more competitive, 16 SBS services were handed over to [[TIBS Holdings]] (TIBS) along with the tender to operate bus services in the north-east corridor, mainly the developing towns [[Sengkang]] and [[Punggol]] as well as [[Bukit Panjang]].

In 1996, TIBS began operations at the [[Woodlands Regional Bus Interchange]], [[Singapore]]'s first underground bus interchange. It was also the first bus interchange designed to accommodate [[articulated bus]]es. TIBS used articulated buses, some of which were designed by world-renowned designer, [[Pininfarina]] and was known as the Habit articulated buses, on a large scale in its fleet, in contrast to the double-deckers used by [[Singapore Bus Service]] (SBS).

Things changed in 1999, when [[SBS Transit]] won the tender to operate the [[North East MRT Line|North East Line]] in the north-east corridor. In order to allow better coordination and synergy between rail and buses, [[SBS Transit]] was allowed to take back control of bus services in the northeast. In return, TIBS and SMRT Buses agreed to merge, and TIBS was to operate bus services in the north-west corridor towns of [[Choa Chu Kang]] and [[Bukit Batok]].

The handover was done in stages. Eight TIBS services in the northeastern corridor were handed over to [[SBS Transit]] in 1999. In 2004, the merger was completed, and TIBS adopted the name SMRT Buses to reflect their merger with SMRT.

In 2008, SMRT Buses initiated a fleet replacement to replace the retiring [[Nissan Diesel]] U31RCN buses with 134 [[Mercedes-Benz OC500LE]] wheelchair-accessible buses. All of the buses are in revenue service and are equipped with Passenger-In-Bus announcement systems.

In the following year, SMRT Buses was handed over a [[Mercedes-Benz Citaro]] (O530) demonstrator bus, registered as SMB136C. SMRT Buses then placed a purchase of 50 new [[Mercedes-Benz Citaro]] (O530) production batch buses. All of them entered revenue service as of 25 November 2011.

In July 2011, SMRT Buses placed an order of another 200 [[MAN NL323F]] (A22) buses from [[ST Kinetics]]. The buses began revenue service in October 2011.

From 15 November 2012, 27 bus services and all bus interchanges operating under SMRT Buses, will be [[accessibility|wheelchair accessible]] (WAB).

23 [[MAN NL323F]] (A22) buses are used for Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP) since 17 September 2012.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://app.lta.gov.sg/apps/news/page.aspx?c=2&id=08eada08-e7c9-4edc-b1da-243e84c06705 | title = Improvements to more than 50 bus services, better connectivity with five new bus services by end 2012 | publisher = PublicTransport@SG | date = 13 September 2012}}</ref>

==Bus stations==
SMRT Buses operates 6 [[bus interchange]]s, 2 [[bus terminus|bus terminals]] and 3 [[bus garage|bus depots]].

===Bus interchanges===
* [[Bukit Batok Bus Interchange]]
* [[Bukit Panjang Bus Interchange]]
* [[Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange]]
* [[Sembawang Bus Interchange]]
* [[Woodlands Regional Bus Interchange]]
* [[Yishun Bus Interchange]]

===Bus terminals===
* [[Lorong 1 Geylang Bus Terminal]]
* [[Marina Centre Bus Terminal]]

===Bus depots===
* [[Ang Mo Kio Bus Depot (SMRT Buses)|Ang Mo Kio Bus Depot]]
* [[Kranji Bus Depot]]
* [[Woodlands Bus Depot]]

==Bus fleet==
===Current bus fleet===
{| class="wikitable"
|- ---- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
!Model
!Image
!Bodywork Manufacturer
!Year Introduced
!Units Introduced
!Batch ([[European emission standards#Emission standards for lorries and buses|Euro Tier(s)]])
!Registration Number(s)
!Notes
|-
| [[DAF SB220]]
| [[File:DAF SB220LT SMRT Buses.jpg|100px]]
| [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Walter Alexander Sentanta]]
| 1995
| 45
| N/A ([[Euro I]])
| TIB675K — TIB724C.
| Partially installed with LAWO SICMA or Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original LAWO Luminator EDS. TIB700X uses a MB O405 front after an accident in 2002. Deregistering.
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Dennis Lance]]
| [[File:TIB937E on 804.jpg|100px]]
|[[Duple Metsec]] (UMW-[[Dennis Specialist Vehicles]])
| 1998
| rowspan="3"|68
| rowspan="3"|N/A ([[Euro II]])
| TIB906U — TIB946D. TIB1257C.
| Installed with Transit Media EDS.
|-
| [[File:SMRT TIB1013P on 985.JPG|100px]]
|[[Duple Metsec]] ([[Dennis Specialist Vehicles]])
| rowspan="2"|2000
| TIB1002X — TIB1016G.
| Installed with Transit Media EDS. TIB1010Y installed with LAWO BENEFIT EDS.
|-
| |[[File:SMRT-Lance-Volgren.JPG|100px]]
| [[Volgren]]
| TIB1017D and TIB1018B.
| Installed with Lawo EDS. TIB1017D and TIB1018B are used as Training Buses from [[Ang Mo Kio Bus Depot (SMRT Buses)|Ang Mo Kio Bus Depot]] (AMDEP).
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Hino Motors|Hino]] HS3KRK
| [[File:Hino-TIB905Y.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Volgren]]
| 1998
| rowspan="2"|12
| rowspan="2"|N/A ([[Euro I]])
| TIB905Y.
| Demonstrator unit. Installed with Transit Media EDS.
|-
| [[File:SMRT TIB957Y on 927.JPG|100px]]
| 1999
| TIB947B — TIB957Y.
| Installed with Transit Media EDS. TIB952K installed with Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original Lawo EDS.
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[MAN NL323F]](A22) [[File:Accessibility-directory.svg|20px]]
| [[File:138y-mandemo.JPG|100px]]
| [[MCV Evolution]]
| 2011
| rowspan="2"|201
| rowspan="2"|N/A ([[Euro V]])
| SMB138Y.
| Demonstrator unit. Installed with Hanover EDS. The first bus in [[Singapore]] to have rear sliding plug doors.
|-
| [[File:SMRT Buses MAN A22.JPG|100px]]
| [[MAN Lion's City]] Hyrbid (Gemilang Coachworks)
| 2011 — 2012
| SMB189A — SMB365H. SMB3001M — SMB3023A. Deliveries and registration are ongoing. Registered buses: SMB189A — SMB317Y, SMB319S — SMB333A, SMB335U — SMB336S, SMB339J — SMB341B & SMB3001M — SMB3023A.
| Installed with Mobitec MobiLED EDS.
|-
| rowspan="4"|[[Mercedes-Benz O405]]
| [[File:TIB457Z911.JPG|100px]]
| [[Hispano Carrocera|Hispano Carrocera OAC]]
| 1994 — 1995
| rowspan="4"|323
| rowspan="4"|N/A ([[Euro I]])
| TIB425R — TIB561E. TIB572Z — TIB634D.
| Partially installed with LAWO BENEFIT or Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original Lawo EDS. TIB488J installed with roof-mounted Konvekta air-conditioning unit. TIB596E installed with Transite Media EDS. TIB597C used to have Coolair EDS, but has been replaced by Mobitec MobiLED EDS. TIB612S installed with 2 additional foldable seats. Refurbishment for lifespan extension of 2 years have completed.
|-
| [[File:SMRT MB0405.JPG|100px]]
| [[Hispano Carrocera|Hispano Carrocera CAC]]
| 1995
| TIB725A — TIB797S.
| Partially installed with LAWO-BENEFIT or Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original Lawo EDS. Installed with Hispacold or Denso air-conditioning units. TIB727U is the first refurbished CAC bus which converted to non-sliding windows. TIB741C and TIB779U has underfloor HispaCold air-conditioning unit. TIB783G installed with Lawo Luminator Europa EDS. TIB792E originally installed with non-sliding windows. Buses are undergoing refurbishment for lifespan extension of 2 years.
|-
| |[[File:SMRT-MBO405-B3.JPG|100px]]
| [[Hispano Carrocera|Hispano Carrocera OAC]]
| 1996
| TIB798P — TIB832Z.
| Partially installed with LAWO-BENEFIT or Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original Lawo EDS. Buses are undergoing refurbishment for lifespan extension of 2 years.
|-
| [[File:O405-Volgren-SMRT.JPG|100px]]
| [[Volgren]]
| 1999
| TIB958U — TIB972C.
| Installed with Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original Lawo EDS. TIB958U installed with LAWO BENEFIT EDS.
|-
| rowspan="8"|[[Mercedes-Benz O405]]G
| [[File:O405G-Mk1 SMRT TIB838H.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Hispano Carrocera|Hispano Carrocera Mark I]]
| rowspan="2"|1996
| rowspan="2"|57
| rowspan="2"|N/A ([[Euro I]])
| TIB838H
| Nicknamed as "Box" articulated bus. Demonstrator unit.
|-
|
| TTIB849B — TIB904A.
| Nicknamed as "Box" articulated bus. Installed with Mobitec MobiLED or Gorba imotion EDS that replaced the original Hanover EDS. TIB861P is the first refurbished bendy bus. TIB890E is the only SMRT bus with headrest seats. Refurbishment undergoing.
|-
| [[File:MBO405G-H2Gen.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hispano Carrocera|Hispano Carrocera Mark II]]
| 1999 — 2000
| 38
| N/A ([[Euro I]])
| TIB973A — TIB1001Z.
| Nicknamed as "Smiley" articulated bus. Installed with Mobitec MobiLED or LAWO BENEFIT EDS that replaced the original Transit Media EDS. TIB982Z is the first refurbished bendy bus. TIB984T and TIB986M have no "Smiley" front markings. TIB994P installed with LAWO-BENEFIT EDS. Refurbishment undergoing.
|-
|
| rowspan="3"|[[Hispano Carrocera|Hispano Carrocera Habit]]
| rowspan="3"|2000 — 2004
| rowspan="3"|208
| 1 (Mark I) ([[Euro II]])
| TIB1019Z — TIB1147L.
| Installed with Mobitec MobiLED, Gorba imotion or Hanover EDS that replaced both the original Lawo Luminator Europa and Transit Media EDS. TIB1034D installed with Hanover LED EDS. TIB1105H was rebuilt with a new engine and a new interior, due to a fire. Subsequently, it is installed with LAWO-BENEFIT EDS as well as Konvekta overhead air-conditioning unit. This concluded as the first [[Mercedes-Benz O405]]G Habit-bodied articulated bus to be refurbished.
|-
| [[File:O405G-Habit-SMRT.JPG|100px]]
| 1 (Mark II) ([[Euro II]])
| TIB1148J — TIB1177A.
| Installed with Mobitec MobiLED, Gorba imotion or Hanover EDS that replaced both the original Lawo Luminator Europa and Transit Media EDS.
|-
|
| 2 ([[Euro II]])
| TIB1198P — TIB1247G.
| Installed with Mobitec MobiLED, Gorba imotion or Hanover EDS that replaced both the original Lawo Luminator Europa and Transit Media EDS.
|-
| [[File:MBO405G-TIB1024H.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Volgren]]
| rowspan="2"|1999 — 2002
| rowspan="2"|21
| rowspan="2"|N/A ([[Euro II]])
| TIB1024H.
| Demonstrator unit. Installed with Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original Lawo Luminator Europa Aluma EDS.
|-
| [[File:TIB1185B 969.JPG|100px]]
| TIB1178Y — TIB1197S.
| Installed with Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced the original Transit Media EDS. TIB1178Y  — TIB1182J have normal-sized windows while TIB1183G  — TIB1197S have larger windows.
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Mercedes-Benz OC500LE]] [[Image:Accessibility-directory.svg|20px]]
| [[File:SMB1H on 300.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3"|Gemilang Coachworks
| rowspan="3"|2008  — 2009
| rowspan="3"|134
| N/A ([[Euro V]])
| SMB1H.
| Demonstrator unit. Installed with LAWO BENEFIT EDS. Currently used as a training bus from [[Kranji Bus Depot]] (KJDEP).
|-
| [[File:SMRT-MB-OC500LE-B1.jpg|100px]]
| 1 ([[Euro V]])
| SMB2E — SMB67T.
| Installed with LAWO BENEFIT EDS. Advertised as the first Euro V low floor buses in [[Southeast Asia]].
|-
| [[File:OC500LE-SMRT-B2.JPG|100px]]
| 2 ([[Euro V]])
| SMB68R — SMB134H.
| Installed with LAWO-BENEFIT EDS. Advertised as the first Euro V low floor buses in [[Southeast Asia]]. SMB70H was laid-up for an unknown reason and back on service as of 9 May 2012. SMB91Y installed with Mobitec MobiLED EDS that replaced original LAWO BENEFIT EDS, which destroyed in an accident.
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Mercedes-Benz Citaro]] (O530) [[File:Accessibility-directory.svg|20px]]
| [[File:SMB136C-855.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="3"|[[EvoBus|EvoBus GmbH]]
| 2010
| rowspan="3"|51
| N/A ([[Euro V]])
| SMB136C.
| Demonstrator unit. Installed with Gorba imotion EDS. The only WAB in [[Singapore]] with exit doors that swing inward.
|-
| [[File:Citaro-811.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|2011
| 1 ([[Euro V]])
| SMB139U — SMB148T.
| Installed with LAWO BENEFIT EDS and rear swinging plug doors.
|-
| [[File:SMRTCitaro-BatchTwo.JPG|100px]]
| 2 ([[Euro V]])
| SMB149R — SMB188C.
| Installed with LAWO BENEFIT EDS, rear swinging plug doors and third brake lights.
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Scania L113]]CRL
| [[File:ScaniaELBOref-SMRT.JPG|100px]]
| [[ELBO]]
| 1996
| rowspan="2"|64
| rowspan="2"|N/A ([[Euro I]])
| TIB833X — TIB837K. TIB839E — TIB848D.
| Installed with Mobitec Flip-Dot EDS. TIB837K, TIB840A  — TIB842U, TIB844P and TIB846J  — TIB848D are left.
|-
| [[File:ScaniaL113-SMRT.JPG|100px]]
| [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Walter Alexander Strider]]
| 1995  — 1997
| TIB562C — TIB571B. TIB635B — TIB674M.
| Installed with Lawo EDS. TIB569J & TIB640K were installed with Mobitec MobiLED EDS. TIB666L, TIB670Z & TIB673R installed with LAWO-BENEFIT EDS. Deregistering.
|-
|}

===Former buses and decommissioned buses===
{| class="wikitable"
|----- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
!Model
!Image
!Bodywork Manufacturer
!Year Introduced
!Units Introduced
!Registration Number(s)
!Notes
|-
|[[DAF SB220]]LT
|
|[[Hispano Carrocera]]
|1991
|33
|TIB391D — TIB424T.
|Sold to New Zealand (Bayes Coachlines) or scrapped.
|-
|[rowspan="2"|[[Hino Motors|Hino]] RK176
|
|[[Hino Motors|Hino]] integral body
|1983
|42
|TIB1E — TIB42L.
|Scrapped.
|-
|[rowspan="2"|[[Hino Motors|Hino]] HT228KA
|
|[[Hino Motors|Hino]] integral body
|1984
|104
|TIB146X — TIB250C.
|Scrapped.
|-
|[rowspan="2"|[[Hino Motors|Hino]] HT238K
|
|[[Hino Motors|Hino]] integral body
|1989
|35
|TIB337L — TIB361R. TIB380K — TIB389L.
|Scrapped.
|-
|[[Nissan Diesel]] U31F
|
|Fuji Coach
|1987
|55
|TIB43J — TIB44G. TIB85M — TIB112T. TIB121S — TIB145Z.
|Scrapped.
|-
|[[Nissan Diesel UA|Nissan Diesel U31RCN]]
|[[File:UD-363k.JPG|100px]]
|[[Fuji Heavy Industries]]
|1992 — 1993
|50
|CSS178K — CSS207K, TIB362M — TIB377X, TIB1248D — TIB1256E except CSS199A — CSS201B and CSS206M.
|Scrapped.
|-
|[[Nissan Diesel UA|Nissan Diesel U31SCN]]
|
|[[Fuji Heavy Industries]]
|1990
|46
|TIB251A — TIB336P. TIB390G.
|Scrapped.
|-
|[[Yutong]] ZK6126HGC
[[Image:Accessibility-directory.svg|20px]]
|[[File:SMRT-Yutong.JPG|100px]]
|[[Yutong]] Integral Body
|2009
|1
|SMB135E.
|Singapore's first [[Made in China]] city bus. SMRT rejected the bus after the 1 year trial. Registered as PC194T with Bedok Transport.
|-
|[[Zhongtong Bus|Zhongtong]] LCK6121G HEV [[File:Accessibility-directory.svg|20px]]
|[[File:SMRT-Zhongtong.JPG|100px]]
|[[Zhongtong Bus|ZhongTong Integral Body]]
|2011
|1
|SMB137A.
|Demonstrator unit. Diesel-electric hybrid bus.<ref name="CitaroIntro">[http://www.smrt.com.sg/Upload/201111814535361161.pdf SMRT Buses introduces 10 new full low floor Mercedes-Benz Citaro buses for passenger service from March 2011, two new environmentally friendly buses on trial], SMRT media release, dated 18 January 2011.</ref> First hybrid bus operated by SMRT Buses. The six-month trial for this bus has ended. Bus is laid-up till 28 June 2013.
|-
|}

==Bus routes==
{{see also|List of bus routes in Singapore}}
SMRT Buses operates many different types of bus routes and bus services, taking up the smaller part of the pie of Singapore's duopoly bus system in almost all areas of Singapore especially the north and northwest areas.
* '''Trunk:''' Routes that ply between towns. These are the basic forms of SMRT bus services. Fares are distance-related and differential up to 8 fare bands.
* '''Short working Trips (SWT):''' Routes that operate short haul trips between origin-destination pairs with high demand, such as the area near an MRT station. It operated a subset of the parent route and there can be more than one SWT per trunk route.
* '''Feeder:''' Services that operate within a neighbourhood, connecting outlying areas to the town centre or bus interchange. (Loops around from an interchange, around one or more neighbourhoods or towns and then terminates at the starting interchange). As a name suggest, it is to feed the commuters to the trunk services or MRT services at the terminal/interchange. A flat fare, equivalent to the first fare band is charged per entry.
* '''Intra-town:''' Routes that consist of combined feeder services to provide links and improve connectivity between neighborhoods within the same town. (Somewhat identical to a feeder service except that, other than when stopping a 'session', the service will not terminate at the interchange but will re-run its route immediately after letting passengers alight, in essence, a true loop)
* '''Express:''' Routes that stop at several nominated and sparsely located stops and generally run on expressways for faster travel between several towns. This is a basic-plus service charging higher fares.
* '''Cross Border Services:''' Bus services will cross the Singaporean Border into Malaysia. The bus service usually terminates at Kota Raya terminal. SMRT's only cross-border service is 950.
* '''Resorts World Sentosa:''' Bus services start with RWS followed by 8. The service will start from HarbourFront MRT Station.
* '''[http://www.smrt.com.sg/Buses/BusServicesMaps/PremiumServices.aspx Premium]:''' A single trip from the designated neighborhoods during the morning peak hours on weekdays to the CBD. Fees are flat rated ($3 to $5 depending on the distance traveled) and standing is prohibited on Premium Services. The scheduled arrival time at individual bus stops are provided.
* '''[http://www.smrt.com.sg/Buses/BusServicesMaps/NightRider.aspx NightRider]:''' After-hour services on Friday, Weekends and Eve of Public Holidays.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.smrtbuses.com.sg/ebusguide/busguide.asp SMRT Bus Guide]

{{commons|SMRT Corporation#Bus}}

{{Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)}}

[[Category:Bus companies of Singapore]]
[[Category:SMRT Corporation]]
[[Category:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)]]
[[Category:Companies established in 2004]]

[[zh:SMRT巴士]]

Sigh of His Highness

2012-11-07T12:21:35Z

220.255.2.26: /* Plot */

{{Infobox television
|show_name = Sigh of His Highness
|image = [[File:Sigh of His Highness.jpg|200px]]
|caption = DVD cover art
|show_name_2 =
|genre = Historical drama
|format =
|creator =
|developer =
|writer = Yang Xiaoxiong Gu Yi Liu Shaoling
|director = Li Wenlong
|creative_director =
|presenter = Shu Zhan Li Ming Zhao Qi Guo Changjian
|starring = [[Chen Baoguo]] Yuan Li [[Wang Yan (actress)|Wang Yan]] [[Wang Gang (actor)|Wang Gang]] Qin Yan Song Jia Luo Xiangjin
|judges =
|voices =
|narrated =
|theme_music_composer = [[Anson Hu]] Liang Jijue Tan Yizhe
|opentheme = 1. ''Zang Yingxiong'' (葬英雄) performed by [[Anson Hu]] 2. ''Si Da Jie Kong'' (四大皆空) performed by [[Anthony Wong (singer)|Anthony Wong]] (Hong Kong version)
|endtheme = ''Chuntian'' (春天) performed by [[Leo Ku]]
|composer = Jiang Jianyi Zhou Zhihua
|country = China
|language = Mandarin
|num_seasons =
|num_episodes = 40
|list_episodes =
|executive_producer = Chen Wenguang Chen Tanwen Ling Li Zhong Lifang Zou Xiaoli Wang Manlin
|producer = Gao Zhiqiang Yang Ziqing Chen Yuguang Jing Shuiqing Zhang Huiling Han Xueyi Zhao Hua
|editor = Yuan Fei Dai Tao Zhu Jun Wang Shen
|location =
|cinematography = Bu Xiangyi Kong Jinsheng
|camera =
|runtime = 45 minutes per episode
|company = 1. [[Fujian Radio Film and TV Group]] 2. Shanghai Soft-Trek Culture Media 3. Beijing Galloping Horse Film & TV Production 4. Wuzhou Media Centre 5. Anhui TV
|distributor = Shanghai Soft-Trek Culture Media Hong Shimei Sun Xiaodong Qian Li Zhang Xian
|channel = Sichuan TV (China) [[TVB Jade]] (Hong Kong)
|picture_format =
|audio_format =
|first_run = March 26, 2006 (China) April 26, 2007 - October 16, 2008 (Hong Kong)
|first_aired =
|last_aired =
|status =
|preceded_by =
|followed_by =
|related =
|website =
|production_website =
}}
{{Chinese|t=一生為奴|s=一生为奴|p=Yìshēng Wéinú|l=Slave for a Lifetime|t2=恭親王傳奇|s2=恭亲王传奇|p2=Gōngqīnwáng Chuánqí|l2=The Legend of Prince Gong}}
'''''Sigh of His Highness''''' is a Chinese television series based on the life story of [[Prince Gong (Qing dynasty)|Prince Gong]], a [[Manchu people|Manchu]] noble who lived during the late [[Qing Dynasty]] in China. The series was first broadcast on Sichuan TV in China in 2006.

==Plot==
The series is set in the late [[Qing Dynasty]]. [[Prince Gong (Qing dynasty)|Prince Gong]] is the younger brother of the [[Xianfeng Emperor]], but their relationship is not strong because they were once contending rivals for succession to the throne. In 1860, during the [[Second Opium War]], as the allied armies of Britain and France closed in on Beijing, the Xianfeng Emperor flees and orders Prince Gong to stay behind for the peace negotiations. Prince Gong concludes the [[Convention of Peking]] with the Western powers after enduring much humiliation, and obtains an influential position in politics for his achievement and control over the military forces of Beijing.

The Xianfeng Emperor dies in the following year and is succeeded by the young [[Tongzhi Emperor]], who is assisted by senior official [[Sushun]] and seven other regents. In November 1861, Prince Gong masterminds the [[Xinyou Coup]] and succeeds in removing Sushun and the regents from power. Prince Gong reaches the pinnacle of his career in the next four years as he is appointed Prince-Regent and put in charge of important state and military affairs. Besides, he also has a strong relationship with [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] and has an opportunity to take the throne, but he does not. Prince Gong spearheads the [[Self-Strengthening Movement]] and introduces a series of measures in an attempt to modernise China and maintain strong ties with the Western powers.

Over the years, Prince Gong's relationship with Empress Dowager Cixi gradually deteriorates as he becomes more romantically involved with Sushun's foster daughter. As a consequence, Cixi gradually distrusts him and ultimately she removes him from power as her position in politics becomes increasingly prominent. Subsequently, during the reign of the [[Guangxu Emperor]], Prince Gong is appointed to lead the Qing armies in the [[Sino-French War]] but his defeat causes him to fall from grace and he is eventually relieved from his duties and ordered to retire by Cixi. Prince Gong returns to politics for the last time after the outbreak of the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] in 1894, but fails to make any great achievements, and eventually dies of illness four years later.

==Cast==
* [[Chen Baoguo]] as [[Prince Gong (Qing dynasty)|Prince Gong]]
* Yuan Li as [[Empress Dowager Cixi]]
* [[Wang Yan (actress)|Wang Yan]] as Jiajia
* [[Wang Gang (actor)|Wang Gang]] as [[Sengge Rinchen]]
* Qin Yan as [[Sushun]]
* [[Feng Shaofeng]] as [[Ronglu]]
* Song Jia as [[Empress Dowager Ci'an]]
* Luo Xiangjin as Suyi
* Mi Yang as [[Empress Xiaozheyi|Jiashun Empress]]
* Du Zhiguo as [[Daoguang Emperor]]
* Dai Chunrong as [[Empress Xiaojingcheng]]
* Tu Liman as Bai Ling (Kurun Princess Rongshou)
** Zhu Li as young Bai Ling
* Wang Hui as [[Xianfeng Emperor]]
* Bai Qinglin as [[Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangjing|Consort Li]]
* Gu Yang as [[Tongzhi Emperor]] / young Xianfeng Emperor
** Wan Changhao as young Tongzhi Emperor
* Jin Bo as [[Guangxu Emperor]]
* Lu Yong as Baoyun
* [[Wang Gang (actor, born 1964)|Wang Gang]] as [[Yixuan, Prince Chun|Prince Chun]]
* Xi Huiling as Rong'er (Yehenara Wanzhen)
* Xu Qiwen as Ming'er (Prince Gong's concubine)
* Wang Huichun as [[Zuo Zongtang]]
* Liu Wei as [[Wenxiang]]
* Pan Hongliang as Xiao'anzi (An Dehai)
* Zeng Ang as [[Li Lianying]]
* Xu Guang as Zaicheng
** Dai Yun as young Zaicheng
* Xia Zhixiang as Cao Yuying
* Ke Lin as Hede
* Wang Jianguo as Guiliang
* Guo Dong as [[Zeng Guofan]]
* Yue Ding as [[Zaiyuan]]
* Yao Jianming as [[Duanhua]]
* Ni Jiali as Yuzi
* Ren Xihong as [[Zeng Guoquan]]
* Huang Wei as Wo Ren
* Dong Zhongcheng as Xu Tong
* Zhang Wenyi as [[Weng Tonghe]]
* Zhao Le as [[Yicong]]
* Gao Wei as Shengbao
* Li Xiang as Zhiduan

==Broadcasts in other regions==
Hong Kong's [[TVB Jade]] first aired the series on weekday nights from April 26, 2007. Starting on May 12, the series was broadcast on weekend afternoons instead. On June 24, TVB stopped airing the series and the remaining episodes were broadcast from September 1 to October 16 in 2008 on weekday nights.

==External links==
* {{zh icon}} [http://baike.baidu.com/view/257712.htm ''Sigh of His Highness''] on [[Baidu Baike]]
* {{zh icon}} [http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/ent/2005-12/05/content_3878726.htm ''Sigh of His Highness''] on xinhuanet.com
* {{zh icon}} [http://tvcity.tvb.com/drama/sigh_of_his_highness/frontpage/index.html ''Sigh of His Highness'' official page] on TVB's website

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sigh of His Highness}}
[[Category:TVB television programmes]]
[[Category:Television series set in the Qing Dynasty]]

[[zh-yue:一生為奴]]
[[zh:一生為奴]]

Game Plan (TV series)

2012-11-01T23:02:35Z

220.255.2.26: /* Cast */

{{Infobox television
| show_name = Game Plan 千方百计
| image = [[file:Game Plan (TV series) intertitle.jpg|250px]]
| caption =
| genre = Mystery Thriller
| format =
| runtime = approx. 45 minutes
| creator =
| director =
| producer = Molby Low 刘健财
| writer = Ho Hee Ann 何启安
| starring = [[Christopher Lee (Singaporean actor)|Christopher Lee]] [[Jesseca Liu]] [[Shaun Chen]] [[Jacelyn Tay]]
| opentheme = Wake Up by [[Anthony Neely]]
| endtheme =
| country = [[Singapore]]
| language = [[Chinese Language|Chinese]]
| company = Wawa Pictures
| network = [[MediaCorp Channel 8]]
| picture_format =
| first_aired = 9 October 2012
| last_aired = 5 November 2012
| num_episodes = 20
| preceded_by = [[Poetic Justice (Singapore TV series)|Poetic Justice]]
| followed_by = [[It Takes Two (Singaporean TV series)|It Takes Two]]
| related =
| website = http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/zh/tv/channel-8/programmes/%E3%80%8A%E5%8D%83%E6%96%B9%E7%99%BE%E8%AE%A1%E3%80%8Bgame-plan
}}
{{Infobox Chinese-language series and movie
| englishname = Game Plan
| tradchinesename = 千方百計
| jyutpingchinesename =
| simpchinesename = 千方百计
| pinyinchinesename = Qiān Fāng Bǎi Jì
}}
'''Game Plan''' (千方百计) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which debuted on 9 October 2012.<ref>{{citenews|title=Game Plan unveiled!|url=http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/celebrity/blogs/singapore/game-plan-unveiled|publisher=xin.msn.com|date=12 September 2012}}</ref> This series was produced by [http://www.wawapictures.com.sg/ Wawa Pictures].

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Cast !! Role !! Description
|-
| [[Christopher Lee (Singaporean actor)|Christopher Lee]] || Zeng Hao Ren 曾浩仁 || A con artist Chief of his group Xin Tong/Yang Min's boyfriend and later husband Jun Wei's long lost elder brother
|-
| [[Jesseca Liu]] || Zhao Xin Tong 赵欣彤 / Yang Min 杨敏 || Hao Ren's girlfriend and later wife
|-
| [[Jacelyn Tay]] || Mo Yan 莫言 || Underworld's daughter Took over the organisation after her father's death and became the leader Has a thing for Hao Ren
|-
| [[Shaun Chen]] || Zeng Jun Wei 曾骏纬 || An undercover cop Undercover cum con artist Holds a candle to Xing Tong Hao Ren's long lost younger brother
|-
| [[Zen Chong]] || Li Zi Guang 李子光 || A con artist in the organisation who uses magician skills Detests Hao Ren
|-
| [[Chris Tong]] || Guo Ke Li 郭可丽 || A con artist in the organisation
|-
| [[Tang Lingyi]] || Xiao Gui/Rogue 小鬼 || A professional and talented hacker in Hao Ren's group Adopted by Hao Ren as a sibling Killed by Jun Wei and lost her life on Episode 16
|-
| [[Darren Lim]] || Adam Su || Xin Tong's Ex-groom Amateur con artist Conned by Ke Li and currently behind bars
|-
| [[Chen Shucheng]] || Pu Cheng Cai 卜成材 || A con artist in Hao Ren's group Likes Shi Yun
|-
| [[Lin Meijiao]] || Zhang Shi Yun 张诗云 || A con artist in Hao Ren's group Likes Cheng Cai
|-
| [[Ye Shipin]] || Uncle Jian 坚叔 || Police officer Hao Ren's confidant
|-
| [[Zhang Wen Xiang]] || Peter (episode 5)||
|-
| [[Lina Ng]] || Zhao Xin Yi 赵欣仪 || Xin Tong's fake sister
|-
| [[Chen Guohua]] || Cheng Kun || Ex-con artist Drug dealer
|-

==Synopsis==
On Xintong's wedding day, her groom, Adam, was nowhere to be seen. When she returned home, she was surrounded by her debtors. Xintong realized that she has fallen into a trap set by Adam, a love cheat. Not only was she cheated of her life savings; she now has a huge debt to repay. In the darkest moments of her life, a shining light of hope appeared. She was told that a swindler was about to be released from jail. With his help, there may be hope for Xintong.

As Haoren stepped out of the prison gates, Xintong approached him and made her intentions clear. She gave him all the money she had. Haoren wanted her to wait for him. As the sun set and rose again, Xintong realized that she had been tricked again. Her body could not hold out and she fainted.

When she awoke, she found herself in an unknown place. Haoren wants her to follow his instructions without question. Under the meticulous planning of Haoren's team, Xintong managed to get her money back and expose Adam of his evil deeds.

Haoren continued to help Xintong solve a few more cases, in the process helping Junwei, a police officer, bust a few crime syndicates. Haoren chose to remain low-profile, pushing the credit to Xintong and Junwei. Xintong was curious of Haoren's background but he chose to keep it secret.

Xintong began to develop feelings for Haoren. After much internal struggle, she mustered up her courage to tell him but was rejected. She learnt from the others that he still deeply loves his ex-girlfriend. She started to avoid him but Moyan had other ideas.

Since young, Moyan and Haoren have been good friends, but little did Haoren know that Moyan has long been carrying a torch for him. She sent her men to keep a watch on Haoren and disguised herself to get close to Xintong, all to earn her trust and spoil their relationship.

Haoren looked her up and Moyan hoped that he would return to her. When Haoren rejected, she reminded him that the first rule to being a swindler is to not let emotions be involved; Xintong will cause his demise.

Haoren and Moyan engaged in a battle of wits. As her men were no fight for him, she decided to take matters into her own hands. Haoren was no match for her. Moyan used Xintong to threaten him and forced him to jump off a building after eating roast duck to put an end to their feud.

Did Haoren really die? Or was it just another part of his ploy? Can Haoren overcome his inner demons and accept Xintong's love? Will Junwei ever forgive his brother?

==Trivia==
*The original title was "Tricked" (中计), but was changed later on. The Chinese title (千方百计) is an idiom which is literally translated as "thousand ways, hundred plans", and means to use every method available in order to achieve one's goal, which loosely implies "[[by hook or by crook]]".
*This drama would be the second production by Wawa Pictures and to be broadcast on Channel 8.
*This drama started filming from June and ended in September.
*Christopher Lee and Jesseca Liu would partner again for the seventh time. Their last drama was ''[[The Oath (TV series)|The Oath]]''.
*Jesseca Liu will be playing two roles in a character. She will play as Yang Min before she falls off a building and Zhao Xintong afterwards.
*Trailers started on 20 September 2012.

==Overseas broadcast==
This drama is one of the first dramas to be broadcast exclusive in Malaysia after its first telecast of two weeks.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country of Broadcast
! Broadcasting Network
! Debut
! Finale
! Preceded by
! Followed by
|-
| {{Flag|Malaysia}}
| [[Shuang Xing|Astro Shuang Xing]]
| 25 October 2012 at 4.30pm, weekdays (encore on 26 October at 3.30pm, weekdays)
| 21 November 2012 (encore on 22 November)
| [[Poetic Justice (TV series)|Poetic Justice]]
| Show Hand
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Game Plan episodes]]
*[[List of programmes broadcast by MediaCorp Channel 8]]
*[[List of MediaCorp Channel 8 Chinese Drama Series (2010s)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External Links==
*[http://www4.mediacorp.sg/contentdistribution/programme/detail.php?prog_id=881 ''Game Plan''] on MediaCorp website
*[http://www4.mediacorp.sg/contentdistribution/programme/detail_cn.php?prog_id=881 ''Game Plan''] (Chinese)
*[http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/zh/tv/channel-8/programmes/%E3%80%8A%E5%8D%83%E6%96%B9%E7%99%BE%E8%AE%A1%E3%80%8Bgame-plan?page=2 Official Website] on xinmsn

{{2012 Mediacorp Channel 8}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Game Plan}}
[[Category:Singapore Chinese dramas]]
[[Category:2012 Singaporean television series debuts]]

Warna 942

2012-10-27T15:01:29Z

220.255.2.26: /* Islamic Programme(Monday to Sunday) */

{{Infobox radio station
| name = WARNA 94.2FM
| image = [[File:Warna94.2FM.jpg]]
| area = Caldecott Broadcast Centre {{flagcountry|Singapore}}
| branding = 1994 as [[Radio Corporation of Singapore]]
| motto = Serentak Semasa
| airdate = 1959 as Radio Singapore 1994 as [[Radio Corporation of Singapore]]
| frequency = 94.2 FM
| format = Malay adult contemporary music
| erp = 500.000 [[Megahertz|MHz]]
| language = [[Malay language|Malay]]
| class = 200 Kw
| owner = [[MediaCorp]]
| licensee = MediaCorp Radio
| former_callsigns = Radio 2
| webcast = [http://radio.mediacorp.sg/RadioLive/warna942.aspx Web Stream] [http://942fm.rastream.com/942fm.m3u Stream URL]
| website = [http://xinmsn.com/warna942 xinmsn.com/warna942]
| callsign_meaning =
}}
'''Warna 94.2FM''' is a [[contemporary music]] [[radio station]] of [[MediaCorp]] playing a unique blend of international [[Malay language|Malay]] top 40 hits, and providing Islamic programmes, world and local news, 100% Malay music and infotainment. The station was voted the favourite Malay radio station in 2006. It was first aired operating out of [[Singapore]] with the independence of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] in [[Hari Merdeka|31 August 1957]].

== Brief History ==

* Warna 94.2FM formerly known as Radio 2 (94.2FM).
* It was re-branded as Warna 94.2FM from [[Radio Corporation of Singapore]] (currently[[MediaCorp Radio]]) on 1994.
* It was the first [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Sunni Islam]]) radio station from the former government owned Radio & Television of Singapore its state station for Singapore viewers a role served until 1965 when Singapore became [[History of the Republic of Singapore#Independence of Singapore|independent]].
* In early 1960s, the translation and interpretation of the [[Koran]] reading in the [[Malay language]] for a programme on Radio Singapura broadcast every Friday night hosted by our late Ustaz Ahmad Sonhadji.
* In 1992, popular shows like ''Expressi Pagi, Ceria Keluarga, Variasi Petang, Gema Senja & Malam Warna'' hosted by Suhaimi Yusof, Hasnani Nyarman, Noreha Bajuri, Nordin Kassim, Aminah Siregar and other DJs were removed as the reformation affected in year 2000.
* During the day of ''Maulidur Rasul(birth of the Islamic [[Prophet Muhammad]])'', the programme format and playlist of Warna change temporarily to religious talk shows and Nasyid tracks throughout the whole day.
* The format of programming and playlist revamped on 5 September 2012.(see schedule below)

== Staff ==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9;
|- align="center"
! colspan=2 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Directorial & Management Staff
|- align="center"
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Position/ Role
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Name
|-
| President for Malay, Tamil & Expat Radio
| rowspan"2"|'''Zakiah Halim'''
|-
| Senior Programme Director
| rowspan"2"|[http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/radio/warna942/dj-article.aspx?cp-documentid=4656886 Isadhora Mohamed]
|-
| Assistant Programme Director
| rowspan"2"|[http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/radio/warna942/dj-article.aspx?cp-documentid=4984753 Morniyati Tukimin]
|-
| Music Director
| rowspan"2"|[http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/radio/warna942/dj-article.aspx?cp-documentid=4984959 Suriani Kassim]
|-
| Station Administrator
| rowspan"2"|'''Asmah Bee'''
|- align="center"
! colspan=2 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Full Time DJs
|- align="center"
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Position/ Role
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Name
|-
| Senior Executive Producer
| rowspan"2"|'''Suharti Ali'''
|-
| Senior Executive Producer
| rowspan"2"|'''Faridah Onn'''
|-
| Senior Executive Producer
| rowspan"2"|[http://entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/radio/warna942/dj-article.aspx?cp-documentid=4984957 Mariam Mas'od]
|-
| Producer/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Shaik Abu Bakar (Ab Shaik)'''
|-
| Producer/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Muhd Tahar Hj Ghalib(TG)'''
|-
| Producer/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Abdul Razak Rahim(RZ)'''
|-
| Producer/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Nona Kirana Assan(Nona)'''
|-
| Producer/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Zauwiyah Majid(Zaza)'''
|-
| Producer/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Ahmad Sodiqin(Dyn)'''
|-
|- align="center"
! colspan=2 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Editorial & Current Affairs Team(Bilik Berita)
|- align="center"
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Position/ Role
! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Name
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Anuwar Arifin'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Amilia Amin'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Ibrahim Jamil'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Inon Salleh'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Mohd Ashik'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Norshima Aziz'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Rashid Sulaiman'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Siti Raudhah Osman'''
|-
| News Editor/Presenter
| rowspan"2"|'''Surtini Sarwan'''
|}

== Notable Former DJs ==

* Adi Abdul Rahman - (previously co-hosted Warna Xpress with Suriani Kassim & hosted Adi 360, most recently a Ria 89.7fm DJ)
* Ami Mohd Noor - (left radio in June 2005, previously co-hosted Warna Mart with Morniyati Tukimin & hosted Milenia)
* Aminah Siregar - (left radio in Jan 2000, previously hosted Ceria Keluarga)
* Asmah Laili - (left radio in Jan 2000)
* Asmah Sulaiman - (left radio in Dec 2006, former Warna 94.2fm Assistant PD)
* Asri Sunawan - (previously hosted Cakra Warna & Rentak Kota, most recently a news presenter for Malay dept, Suria)
* Azlin Ali - (previously hosted Warna Mart, most recently a Ria 89.7fm DJ)
* Allahyarhamah Faridah Hanim(1943–2012) - (left radio in Dec 2003)
* Hassan Salleh - (previously co-hosted Hore Hore Sabtu with Ibrahim Jamil, most recently a Ria 89.7fm PD)
* Hasnani Nyarman - left in Jan 2000
* Hashim Yusof - left in Dec 1992
* Ibrahim Jamil - most recently a news editor for Malay dept
* Inon Salleh - most recently a news editor for Malay dept
* Jamilah Yusop - (left in June 2009, former Promotions Executive)
* Nordin Kassim - (left radio in Dec 2006, previously hosted Firman & Sabda)
* Nursha Ismail - (left radio in Nov 2011, most recently a news presenter for Malay dept, Suria)
* Rashid Sulaiman - most recently a news editor for Malay dept
* Saemah Ali - left in Dec 1997
* Surtini Sarwan - most recently a news editor for Malay dept (former Warna 94.2fm PD)
* Suhaimi Yusof - left in June 2005
* Shah Ibrahim - left in Dec 2005

== Programmes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Start Time !! End Time !! Hosted by
|-
! colspan="4" | Monday to Sunday
|-
| [[Majulah Singapura]](''National Anthem'') || 5:00am || ||
|-
| Santapan Rohani || 5:00am || 6:00pm || Various
|-
| Firman & Sabda || 6:00am || 6:30am || ''Automated''
|-
! colspan="4" | Weekdays
|-
| Espresso Warna || 6:30am || 10:00am || Mariam, Shaik
|-
| Ceria Keluarga || 10:00am || 2:00pm || TG / Zaza
|-
| Warna Petang || 2:00pm || 6:00pm || Sue Kassim
|-
| Sutra Warna, Cinta || 6:00pm || 10:00pm || Nona
|-
| Pedas || 10:00pm || 2:00am || Dyn & RZ
|-
| Putaran Muzik || 2:00am || 5:00am || ''Automated''
|-
! colspan="4" | Saturdays
|-
| Hore Hore || 7:00am || 10:00am || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 10:00am || 2:00pm || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 2:00pm || 6:00pm || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 6:00am || 10:00am || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 10:00am || 2:00am || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Putaran Muzik || 2:00am || 5:00am || ''Automated''
|-
! colspan="4" | Sundays
|-
| Muzik Warna || 7:00am || 10:00am || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 10:00am || 2:00pm || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 2:00pm || 6:00pm || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 6:00am || 10:00am || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Muzik Warna || 10:00am || 2:00am || ''Full Time DJ''
|-
| Putaran Muzik || 2:00am || 5:00am || ''Automated''
|}

== Weekday Islamic Programme(6.30pm) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Day !! Hosted by
|-
| Bimbingan|| Monday || RZ
|-
| Pelita(Syarahan) || Tuesday || Sue Kassim
|-
| Sinaran Al Quran|| Wednesday || Dyn Norahim
|-
| Dilema|| Thursday || Faridah Onn
|-
| Rakaman Khutbah Jumaat || Friday || Male Presenter
|}

== Islamic Programme(Monday to Sunday) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Time !! Hosted by
|-
| Seruan Ilahi || 5.05am to 5.10am || Mohd Ashik
|-
| Santapan Rohani || 5.10am to 6am || Various DJ
|-
| Firman & Sabda || 6am to 6.30am || Dyn Norahim
|}

== Specialised Programme(During Month of Ramadan) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Programme !! Timing !! Hosted by
|-
| Hikmah Ramadan -reciting of Al Quran & motivation || 15 mins before Azan Maghrib || Dyn Norahim
|}

==Adhan==
* A call for Muslim Prayer aired 5 times per day in Singapore through Warna 94.2FM while [[Ria 89.7FM]] is a stand-by station to broadcast the Adhan.

==Live Prayers on radio==
* Live broadcast from the local mosque performing Prayers on Hari Raya Puasa & Hari Raya Haji in the mornings. (8.05am - 10am)

== Warna Music Playlist ==
*"Nasyid tracks, for Islamic music released from 1970 to 2010. (Daily 5am-7am, before & after Adhan)
*"50s & 60s, for music released from 1950. (Weekends at every hour, after 7am)
*"70s & 80s, for music released from 1970. (Daily at every hour, after 7am)
*"90s, for music released from 1990. (Saturdays Midnite)
*"Raya Special, a mix of Raya songs (Eid Mubarak songs) and regulars on Warna 94.2 playlist (only on 18 Ramadan to 24 Syawal).

== Berita Warna (Daily News)==
* 7am (Full News -with sari berita)
* 8am (Full News -with sari berita)
* 10am
* 11am
* 12pm
* 1.30pm (Full News -with sari berita)
* 3pm
* 5pm
* 6pm
* 9pm
* 10pm (Final news for the day)- Ringkasan Berita

== Trivia ==
* Bijak Bestari (Reflections before Azan)
* Duit Jajan
* Tips Kesihatan
* Tips Motoring
* Permata Budi
* Rumah Idaman
* Peribahasa
* Info Mas
* Info IT
* Wang Kita
* Tips Melancong
* Sulaman Keluarga (Tazkirah before Azan)

== Hujung Minggu Bersama (Weekends Music Playback)- ''discontinue'' ==
* Sheila Majid (12-13 Feb)
* M. Nasir (19-20 Feb)
*Black Dog Bone(26-27 Feb)
*Emilla Contessa(5–6 March)
*Carefree (12–13 March)
*Sudirman (19–20 March)
*Zainal Abidin (26–27 March)
*Siti Nurhaliza (2–3 April)
*Fauziah Latiff (9-10April)
*Jamal Abdillah(16–17 April)
*Fransicssa Peter(23 April-25 April)

== Season Game Show ==
* Teka Lagu Ini (on-going)
* Telinga Tikus Telinga Kuali
* the Great Radio Game
* Radio 75 Years
* Cilukba 2010

== Archive Radio Programme ==
* Warna Xpress/ Samrah Mentari
* Milenia
* Vista Warna/ Warna Mart/ Ceria Keluarga
* Rentak Warna/ Rentak Kota
* Jalan Kenangan/ Panggung Petang/ Medan Minda
* Paradigma/ Cakap Tuan Puan/ Variasi Petang
* Terapi Petang
* Gema Senja
* Dunia Dyn/ Pilihan Anda/ Ritmasari/ CD Pilihan
* Larut Malam/ Cakra Warna/ Warna Malam
* Malam 567
* Cerita Kedai Kopi

'''Rancangan Khusus'''
* Firman & Sabda (45 mins long, currently 25 mins only)
* Sekapur Sireh (Tazkirah perkahwinan)
* Kemusykilan (Soalan berkaitan agama)
* Meniti Usia

==See also==
*[[List of radio stations in Singapore]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://xinmsn.com/warna942 Warna 94.2FM Official Website]

{{Radio stations in Singapore}}
{{MediaCorp}}

{{coord missing|Singapore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2011}}

[[Category:Radio stations in Singapore]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1959]]

Jana Gana Mana

2012-10-15T13:54:51Z

220.255.2.26:

{{About|the national anthem of India|the song from which the anthem was excerpted|Jana Gana Mana (hymn)}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2012}}
{{Infobox anthem
|title = {{lang-bn|জন গণ মন}} {{lang-sa|जन गण मन}}
|transcription = {{transl|bn|NLK|Jôno Gôno Mono}}; {{transl|sa|IAST|Jana Gaṇa Mana}}
|english_title = Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People
|image = Janaganamana-score.png
|image_size = 180
|caption = Sheet music for "Jana Gana Mana".
|prefix = National
|country = {{IND}}
|author = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|composer = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|lyrics_date = 1911
|music_date = 1911
|adopted = 24 January 1950
|sound = Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg‎
|sound_title = ''Jana Gana Mana'' (Instrumental)
}}
{{Indian music|state=collapsed}}

"'''Jana Gana Mana '''"<ref group="lower-greek" name="IPA1"/> ({{lang-bn|জন গণ মন}}, {{lang-sa|जन गण मन}}) is the [[national anthem]] of [[India]]. Written in highly [[Sanskrit]]ised ([[Tatsama]]) [[Bengali language|Bengali]], it is the first of five stanzas of a [[Brahmo]] [[Jana Gana Mana (the complete song)|hymn]] composed and scored by [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. It was first sung in <ref name="Tagore and Jana Gana Mana">{{cite web|title=Tagore and Jana Gana Mana|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-chatterjee310803.htm|publisher=http://www.countercurrents.org|author=Monish R. Chatterjee|date=13|month=August|year=2003}}</ref> [[Calcutta]] Session of the [[Indian National Congress]] on 27 December 1911. "Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950. 27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time.<ref name=bhatt>{{cite book
|editor=Bhatt, P.C
|year=1999
|volume=XII
|title=Constituent Assembly Debates
|publisher=Lok Sabha Secret
}}</ref><ref name="parliamentofindia.nic.in">[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol12p1.htm Volume XII. Tuesday, the 24th January 1950. Online Transcript, Constituent Assembly Debates]</ref>

As there is enormous diversity in Indian languages, it is interesting to know how the National Anthem that is written in Bengali can be understood by other Indians who do not know Bengali. The song has a lot of Sanskrit words that also are found in the majority of Indian languages with the same meaning. This makes the song understandable to non-Bengali speaking Indians.

The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali. The original Hindi version of the song Jana Gana Mana, translated by Ali and based on the poem by Tagore, was a little different. It was "Sukh Chain Ki Barkha Barase, Bharat Bhagya Hai Jaga....". ''Jana Gana Mana'' was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950.<ref name=bhatt>{{cite book
|editor=Bhatt, P.C.
|year=1999
|volume=XII
|title=Constituent Assembly Debates
|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat
}}</ref><ref name="parliamentofindia.nic.in"/><ref name="patent">[http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_anthem.php National Anthem - Know India. Nation Portal of India. Government of India.]</ref>
<ref name=Ganupley204>Ganpuley's Memoirs.1983. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.p204</ref><ref name="RajanTribune">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020504/windows/main2.htm |title=A tribute to the legendary composer of National Anthem |author=Rajendra Rajan |work=[[The Tribune]] |date=4 May 2002 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=RediffPradhan>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/26anthem.htm
|title=Controversy over Jana Gana Mana takes a new turn
|accessdate=2008-06-08 |work=Rediff}}</ref><ref name=Rediff>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/feb/22anthem.htm
|title=Who composed the score for Jana Gana Mana? Gurudev or the Gorkha?
|accessdate=2008-06-08 |work=Rediff}}</ref>

A formal rendition of the national anthem takes fifty-two seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally.<ref name="anthem">[http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=6 National Anthem - National Symbols - Know India. Nation Portal of Government of India.]</ref> Tagore wrote down the English translation<ref name=morning_song>{{cite web | url=http://ramanraj.blogspot.com/2007/08/morning-song-by-rabindranath-tagore.html | title=The Morning Song of India | publisher=K. Ramanraj| accessdate=2007-08-15}}</ref> of the song and along with [[Margaret Cousins]] (an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet [[James Cousins]]), set down the notation at Madanapalle in Andhra Pradesh, which is followed only when the song is sung in the original slow rendition style of singing. However, when the National Anthem version of the song is sung, it is done in the traditional grandiose Martial Style of music.

== Lyrics ==
The text, though Bengali, is highly sanskritised (written in a literary [[register (sociolinguistics)|register]] called [[Sadhu bhasa]]). The song has been written almost entirely using nouns that also can function as verbs. Most of the nouns of the song are in use in all major languages in India. Therefore, the original song is quite clearly understandable, and in fact, remains almost unchanged in several widely different Indian languages. Also as quasi-Sanskrit text, it is acceptable in many modern [[Indic language]]s, but the [[pronunciation]] varies considerably across India. This is primarily because most Indic languages are [[abugida]]s in that certain unmarked consonants are assumed to have an inherent vowel, but conventions for this differ among the [[languages of India]]. The [[transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] below reflects the Bengali pronunciation, in both the [[Bengali script]] and [[romanization of Bengali|romanization]].

<div style="font-family: Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">
{|
|-

<blockquote>
!জন গণ মন ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]])
![[Bengali language#Romanization|Bengali romanization]]
![[National Library at Kolkata romanization|NLK transliteration]]
!जन गण मन ([[Devanagari]])
|-
|

<blockquote>
জনগণমন-অধিনায়ক জয় হে. 
ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা 
পঞ্জাব সিন্ধু গুজরাট মরাঠা 
দ্রাবিড় উৎ‍‌কল বঙ্গ 
বিন্ধ্য হিমাচল যমুনা গঙ্গা 
উচ্ছল জলধি তরঙ্গ 
তব শুভ নামে জাগে 
তব শুভ আশিস মাগে 
গাহে তব জয়গাথা 
জনগণমঙ্গলদায়ক জয় হে 
ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা 
জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, 
জয় জয় জয়, জয় হে॥ 
</blockquote>
|
<blockquote>
Jônogônomono-odhinaeoko jôeô he 
Bharotobhaggobidhata 
Pônjabo Shindhu Gujoraṭo Môraṭha 
Drabiṛo Utkôlo Bônggo 
Bindho Himachôlo Yomuna Gôngga 
Uchchhôlo jôlodhi toronggo 
Tôbo shubho name jage 
Tôbo shubho ashish mage 
Gahe tôbo jôeogatha 
Jônogônomonggolodaeoko jôeô he 
Bharotobhaggobidhata 
Jôeo he, jôeo he, jôeo he, 
jôeo jôeo jôeo, jôeo he 
</blockquote>
|
{{IAST|Jana-gaṇa-mana adhināyaka jaya he}} 
{{IAST|Bhārata bhāgya vidhātā}} 
{{IAST|Pañjāba Sindhu Gujarāṭa Marāṭhā}} 
{{IAST|Drāviḍa Utkala Baṅga}} 
{{IAST|Vindhya Himāchala Yamunā Gaṅgā}} 
{{IAST|Uchhala jaladhi taraṅga}} 
{{IAST|Tava śubha nāme jāge}} 
{{IAST|Tava śubha āśhiṣa māge}} 
{{IAST|Gāhe tava jaya gāthā}} 
{{IAST|Jana gaṇa maṅgala dhāyaka jaya he}} 
{{IAST|Bhārata bhāgya vidhāta}} 
{{IAST|Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he}} 
{{IAST|Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he.}} 
|
<blockquote>
जनगणमन अधिनायक जय हे 
भारत-भाग्य-विधाता । 
पंजाब सिन्धु गुजरात मराठा 
द्राविड़ उत्कल बंग । 
विन्ध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा, 
उच्छल जलधि तरंग । 
तव शुभ नामे जागे, 
तव शुभ आशिष माँगे; 
गाहे तव जय गाथा । 
जन-गण मंगलदायक जय हे, 
भारत-भाग्य-विधाता । 
जय हे, जय हे, जय हे, 
जय जय जय, जय हे ।।</blockquote>
|}</div>

===English translation===
[[File:Tagore3.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Rabindranath Tagore]]]]
The following translation, attributed to Tagore, is provided by the Government of India's national portal:<ref name="anthem"/>

<div style="font-family: Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><blockquote>
<poem>
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people,
Dispenser of India's destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of [[Punjab region|Punjab]], [[Indus River|Sindhu]],
[[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra|Maratha]],
Of the [[South India|Dravida]] and [[Orissa]] and [[Bengal]];
It echoes in the hills of the [[Vindhya range|Vindhyas]] and [[Himalayas]],
mingles in the music of [[Yamuna]] and [[Ganges]] and is
chanted by the waves of the [[Indian Ocean]].
They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise.
The saving of all people waits in thy hand,
Thou dispenser of India's destiny.
Victory, victory, victory to thee.
</poem>
</blockquote></div>

==Musical composition and English translation==
[[File:Courtyard in Madanapalle.jpg|thumb|150px|Courtyard in [[Madanapalle]] where Jana Gana Mana was first sung.]]

Rabindranath Tagore translated "Jana Gana Mana" from Bengali to English and also set it to music in [[Madanapalle]],<ref name="Vani Doraisamy">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/03/19/stories/2006031900120400.htm |title=India beats: A Song for the Nation |accessdate=2007-07-25 |author=Vani Doraisamy |publisher=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |date=19 March 2006}}</ref> a town located in the [[Chittoor district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] state, [[India]].
Though the Bengali song had been written in 1911, it was largely unknown except to the readers of the Brahmo Samaj journal, ''Tatva Bodha Prakasika'', of which Tagore was the editor.

During 1919, Tagore accepted an invitation from friend and controversial Irish poet [[James H. Cousins]] to spend a few days at the [[Besant Theosophical College]] situated at [[Madanapalle]] of which Cousins was the principal. On the evening of 28 February 1919 he joined a gathering of students and upon Cousins' request, sang the Jana Gana Mana in Bengali. The college authorities, greatly impressed by the lofty ideals of the song and the praise to God, selected it as their prayer song. In the days that followed, enchanted by the dreamy hills of Madanapalle, Tagore wrote down the English translation of the song and along with Cousins' wife, Margaret (an expert in Western music), set down the notation which is followed till this day. The song was carried beyond the borders of India by the college students and became ''The Morning Song of India''<ref name=morning_song/> and subsequently the national anthem.

Today, in the library of Besant Theosophical College in [[Madanapalle]], the framed original English translation of ''Jana gana Mana'', titled as ''The Morning Song of India'' in [[Tagore]]'s handwriting, is displayed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://satyashodh.com/janaganaman/ | title=English Translation of Janaganamana | publisher=Manjula Bose| accessdate=2011-08-15}}</ref>

==Code of conduct==
The National Anthem of India is played or sung on various occasions. Instructions have been issued from time to time about the correct versions of the Anthem, the occasions on which these are to be played or sung, and about the need for paying respect to the anthem by observance of proper decorum on such occasions. The substance of these instructions has been embodied in the information sheet issued by the government of India for general information and guidance.<ref name="anthem"/>

===Controversy===
Controversy shadowed Jana Gana Mana from the day of its first rendition in 1911 at the Congress session in Calcutta. King George V was scheduled to arrive in the city on 30 December and a section of the Anglo-Indian English press in Calcutta thought – and duly reported – that Tagore's anthem was a homage to the emperor.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-16241465 |title=BBC News - Indian anthem Jana Gana Mana turns 100 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2011-12-27 |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref>

The poet rebutted such claims in a letter written in 1939: "I should only insult myself if I cared to answer those who consider me capable of such unbounded stupidity."<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

==Conclusion==
Jana Gana Mana is India's national anthem written in Sanskritised Bengali by poet Rabindranath Tagore.

The Calcutta Congress session began on 26 December 1911. The proceedings on the first day began with Vandemataram. The second day was entirely devoted to things connected with the welcoming of King George V, and this day the song Janaganamana was sung.

Tagore's own statement however refutes the belief that the song was written in praise of George V:
In a letter to Pulin Behari Sen, Tagore later wrote, "A certain high official in His Majesty's service, who was also my friend, had requested that I write a song of felicitation towards the Emperor. The request simply amazed me. It caused a great stir in my heart. In response to that great mental turmoil, I pronounced the victory in Jana Gana Mana of that Bhagya Vidhata [ed. God of Destiny] of India who has from age after age held steadfast the reins of India's chariot through rise and fall, through the straight path and the curved. That Lord of Destiny, that Reader of the Collective Mind of India, that Perennial Guide, could never be George V, George VI, or any other George. Even my official friend understood this about the song. After all, even if his admiration for the crown was excessive, he was not lacking in simple common sense."

==See also==
* [[Jana Gana Mana (the complete song)]] for lyrics of all 5 stanzas and controversies in detail
* {{cite wikisource|title=The Morning Song of India}}English Interpretation of Full "Jana Gana Mana" in [[Tagore]]'s handwriting
* [[Jana Gana Mana Video]]
* [[Vande Mataram]] -The National Song of India by [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
* [[Subh Sukh Chain]]
* [[Indian National Pledge]] by [[Paidimarri Venkata Subbarao]]
* An earlier poem by Tagore (''[[Amar Shonar Bangla]]'') was later selected as the national anthem of Bangladesh.
* [[Ekla Cholo Re]] by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-greek|refs=
<ref name="IPA1">{{lang-bn|জন গণ মন}}, ''Jôno Gôno Mono''
</ref>
}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== References ==
* {{Citation
|last = Dutta
|given1 = K
|surname2 = Robinson
|given2 = A
|year=1995
|title=Rabindranath Tagore
|publisher=St. Martin's Press
|isbn=0-312-14030-4
}}.

==External links==
{{IndicText}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikisource}}
*[http://nationalanthems.me/india-jana-gana-mana/ India: ''Jana Gana Mana'' - Audio of the national anthem of India, with information and lyrics]
*[http://india.gov.in/myindia/myindia.php My India My Pride - Know India. National Portal of India. Government of India. (Also contains the official version of the Indian National Anthem in audio format as well as in video format]
* [http://www.nationalanthems.info/in.htm Indian Anthem in MIDI Format].
* [http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/mp3/indian_anthem.mp3 A rendition of Indian Anthem in MP3 format] from the [http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/emb_history.html Indian embassy in Lisbon, Portugal].
* [http://www.freeindia.org/vmataram/genesis_of_janaganamana.shtml Genesis of Jana Gana Mana]
* [http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=70&Itemid=30 Jana Gana Mana (India's National Anthem) - An Inferential Linguistic Analysis] from [http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php The Hamilton Institute]
with The Complete English Translation
*[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article2752111.ece?homepage=true 100 years since 'Jana Gana Mana' was born] detail history.

{{Symbols of India}}
{{Nationalanthemsofasia}}
{{Rabindranath Tagore}}

[[Category:Bengali literature]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:National anthems]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:Indian patriotic songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Bengali-language songs]]

[[ar:جانا غانا مانا]]
[[as:জন গণ মন]]
[[az:Hindistan dövlət himni]]
[[bn:জনগণমন-অধিনায়ক জয় হে]]
[[bh:जन गण मन]]
[[ca:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[cs:Indická hymna]]
[[de:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[dv:ޖަނަ ގަނަ މަނަ]]
[[et:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[el:Τζάνα Γκάνα Μάνα]]
[[es:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[eu:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[fa:سرود ملی هند]]
[[hif:India ke national anthem]]
[[fr:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[gu:જન ગણ મન]]
[[ko:인도의 국가]]
[[hi:जन गण मन]]
[[hr:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[id:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[it:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[he:המנון הודו]]
[[jv:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[kn:ಭಾರತದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗೀತೆ]]
[[ka:ინდოეთის ჰიმნი]]
[[lv:Indijas himna]]
[[lt:Indijos himnas]]
[[hu:India himnusza]]
[[mk:Ти си господар на свеста на сите луѓе]]
[[ml:ജനഗണമന]]
[[mr:जन गण मन]]
[[ms:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[nl:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[ja:ジャナ・ガナ・マナ]]
[[no:Indias nasjonalsang]]
[[nn:Jana gana mana]]
[[or:ଜନ ଗଣ ମନ]]
[[pa:ਜਨ ਗਣ ਮਨ]]
[[pnb:جن گن من]]
[[pl:Hymn Indii]]
[[pt:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[ro:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[ru:Гимн Индии]]
[[sa:जन गण मन]]
[[simple:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[sl:Džana gana mana]]
[[sr:Химна Индије]]
[[fi:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[sv:Jana-Gana-Mana]]
[[ta:ஜன கண மன]]
[[te:భారత జాతీయగీతం]]
[[th:ชนะ คณะ มนะ]]
[[tr:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[uk:Гімн Індії]]
[[ur:جن گن من]]
[[vi:Jana Gana Mana]]
[[zh-classical:民之旨]]
[[zh:人民的意志]]

The Mark of Athena

2012-10-07T04:05:54Z

220.255.2.26: /* Plot summary */

{{Infobox book 
| name = '''The Mark of Athena'''
| image = [[File:The_Mark_of_Athena_cover_art.jpg|200px]]
| author = [[Rick Riordan]]
| illustrator = [[John Rocco]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| series = ''[[The Heroes of Olympus]]'' (Book 3)
| genre = [[Fantasy novel|Fantasy]], [[Greek mythology|Greek]] and [[Roman mythology]], [[Young-adult fiction|Young adult]]
| publisher = [[Disney Hyperion|Disney-Hyperion]]
| pub_date = October 2, 2012 (hardcover, audiobook CD, Kindle/Nook eBook)
| media_type = Print (hardback, audiobook CD, [[E-book]])
| pages = 580 (Hardcover)
| isbn =
| preceded_by = [[The Son of Neptune]]
| followed_by = [[The House of Hades]]
}}

'''The Mark of Athena''' is the third installment of [[The Heroes of Olympus]] series. It was released on October 2, 2012. The book takes place where [[The Son of Neptune]] left off. The book is told from the points-of-view of [[Annabeth Chase]], [[Leo Valdez]], [[Percy Jackson]], and [[Piper McLean]].

==Development and Promotion==
Rick Riordan had been working on The Mark of Athena since the completion of The Son of Neptune.

During his tour to promote the last of [[The Kane Chronicles]] books, titled The Serpent's Shadow, Rick read part of the first chapter of The Mark of Athena. There, it is revealed that Annabeth Chase is one of the narrators. The cover and full first chapter were released on June 1st on the Disney Heroes of Olympus website.

On September 27th, Rick Riordan confirmed that there would be first US printing of 3.5 million copies. The book was released on October 2, 2012. The next book in the series will be the "House of Hades."

==Preface==
"In The Son of Neptune, Percy, Hazel, and Frank met in Camp Jupiter, the Roman equivalent of Camp Half-Blood, and traveled to the land beyond the gods to complete a dangerous quest. The third book in the Heroes of Olympus series will unite them with Jason, Piper, and Leo. But they number only six--who will complete the Prophecy of Seven?

The Greek and Roman demigods will have to cooperate in order to defeat the giants released by the Earth Mother, Gaea. Then they will have to sail together to the ancient land--Rome itself--to find the Doors of Death. What exactly are the Doors of Death? Much of the prophecy remains a mystery...

With old friends and new friends joining forces, a marvelous ship, fearsome foes, and an exotic setting, The Mark of Athena promises to be another unforgettable adventure by master storyteller Rick Riordan."

“Told from the perspectives of four different demigods, including Annabeth from Percy Jackson and the Olympians, The Mark of Athena unites the Greek and Roman main characters from The Lost Hero and The Son of Neptune. In a fantastical ship called the Argo II, seven demigods journey by air across the United States and by sea to Rome on their quest to defeat the earth mother, Gaea. Meanwhile, war is breaking out between the Roman and Greek demigods they left behind, and only Annabeth holds the key to restoring peace.”
The Mark of Athena trailer

"Annabeth is terrified. Just when she's about to be reunited with Percy, after six months of being apart, thanks to Hera, it looks like Camp Jupiter is preparing for war. As Annabeth and her friends Jason, Piper, and Leo fly in on the Argo II, she can't blame the Roman demigods for thinking the ship is a Greek weapon. With its steaming bronze dragon masthead, Leo's fanatical creation doesn't appear friendly. Annabeth hopes that the sight of their praetor Jason on deck will reassure the Romans that the visitors from Camp Half-Blood come in peace.

And that's only one of her worries. In her pocket Annabeth carries a gift from her mother that came with an unnerving demand: Follow the Mark of Athena. Avenge me. Annabeth already feels weighed down by the prophecy that will send seven demigods to find-and close- the Doors of Death. What more does Athena want from her?

Annabeth's biggest fear, though, is that Percy might have changed. What if he's now attached to Roman ways? Does he still need his old friends? As the daughter of the goddess of war and wisdom, Annabeth knows she was born to be a leader, but never again does she want to be without Seaweed Brain by her side.

Narrated by four demigods, The Mark of Athena is an unforgettable journey across land and sea to Rome, where important discoveries, surprising sacrifices and unspeakable horrors await. Climb aboard the Argo II, if you dare..."

==Synopsis==
===Prophecy===
A prophecy by Ella the Harpy, while with Percy, Hazel, and Frank, refers to this as well. Translated from Latin to English it says:
<blockquote>''Wisdom's daughter walks alone,''
''The Mark of Athena burns through Rome,''
''Twins snuff out the angels breath,''
''Who holds the key to endless death,''
''Giants bane stands gold and pale,''
''Won through pain from a woven jail.''</blockquote>

===Plot summary===
While getting ready to land at Camp Jupiter, Annabeth Chase prepares by making sure the various back-up plans are ready in case something goes wrong. While Leo Valdez was flying the Argo II, Annabeth tried to keep Gleeson Hedge from attacking the first thing he saw by making him watch reruns of mixed martial arts championships in his cabin. Jason Grace prepared by putting on a purple toga over his orange Camp Half-Blood t-shirt and Piper McLean practiced her lines for when they landed. As Annabeth watched Jason, she wondered if this could all be a trap as she was still a bit untrusting of Jason as he seemed to be too perfect. She also was reminded of how much she missed Percy Jackson every time she looked at him.

Annabeth also mentions feeling a mysterious chill, as if "an evil snowman had crept up behind her and was peering over her neck." Annabeth wished she could pray to her mother, but this would be impossible as Athena had appeared to her about a month ago, an encounter Annabeth described as horrible. Athena also gave Annabeth the worst present of her life during this meeting. Soon, the horns from Camp Jupiter sounded below as the campers spotted the Argo II.

Annabeth Chase is amazed at the size of Camp Jupiter, which is twice the size of Camp Half Blood, and recognizes the landmarks that Jason has told her about. She sees evidence of the Romans' recent battle, including the cracked dome of the Senate House.

An explosion nearly knocks Annabeth overboard, and Terminus, the Roman god of boundaries, appears on the Argo II. He shrieks that he will not allow weapons inside the Pomerian Line, and grumbles at Jason for consorting with the enemies of Rome, referring to the Greek demigods. Piper tries to charmspeak Terminus, but he slaps her dagger out of her hand with magic for her impertinence. Since New Rome is still recovering from the recent battle, Terminus announces that if he was at his full strength, he would have already blasted the "flying monstrosity" out of the sky, to which Leo takes offense to. Annabeth tries to regain control of the situation and calm everyone down by introducing herself to Terminus, but he finds Annabeth being the daughter of Athena, the Greek form of Minerva, to be "scandalous." However, before Annabeth can question Terminus on what he means, Jason interrupts and asks for permission to land inside the Pomerian Line.

Terminus instead tells them to "Surrender, then leave," and 'slaps' Leo's face for asking which option he wanted them to choose. This interests Leo even more and he asks if he can take a look at Terminus' gears, thinking he is an Automaton. Terminus makes Leo drop the screwdriver, announcing "Weapons are not allowed on Roman soil inside the Pomerian Line," which includes the Argo II itself, as the whole ship is a weapon. Annabeth spots Percy walking with [[Frank Zhang]] and [[Hazel Levesque]] as if they were best friends, and Annabeth knew she had to reach him, as she was so close. She also recognizes that he is now Praetor, as he is wearing a purple cape just like Jason's.

Annabeth orders Leo to stop the ship, as she asks Terminus whether there is a rule against the ship hovering over New Rome, to which Terminus says there isn't. Annabeth then tells Terminus that they will keep the Argo II up in the air over New Roman and use a rope ladder to reach the forum. She also promised Terminus that all their weapons will stay on the ship, as long as the legion reinforcements will honor the same rules, which Terminus agrees to as he can't tolerate those that break the rules.

When questioned by Leo, who asks if this is a good idea, Annabeth clenches her fists to stop them from shaking. She feels the cold presence, which seems to be laughing at her and the bad choices she's making. But she knows that Percy is down there, and that she has to reach him. She replies that it will be fine and Terminus will make sure that both sides will obey the rules, if Terminus agrees. Terminus sniffs, but agrees "For now," and allows them to climb down the ladder to New Rome, but pleads that they do not destroy his town.

When in New Rome Annabeth and Reyna walk around and talk, they end up on a hill when the Argo II starts firing on them. They rush back to find that Percy, Jason, Piper, Frank and Hazel are all being attacked by angry Romans because the Argo II is firing on New Rome.

As the Greek and Roman demigods are fighting each other, Percy, Annabeth, Frank, Leo, Piper, Hazel and Jason decide escape from the scene in Argo II. The Argo II is severly damaged and Jason suffers a head injury. Leo is confronted by Annabeth, Frank & Percy and he admits firing at the Romans. He however mentioned that he was forced to do so by an invisible force. Leo takes the ship to Great Salt Lake in Utah to find material required to repair the ship.

Hazel and Leo then heads out to find Celestial Bronze needed for the repairs. Along the way, they find Nemesis surrounded by many fortune cookies, which she was opening to figure out the contents, before deciding to keep it in her basket or to toss it away. Nemesis gives Leo a cookie, which he kept in his toolbox, and Nemesis pointed out that someone is waiting for them before she leaves the scene. Hazel and Leo then finds Echo and Narcissus. The Celestial Bronze turns out to be a "mirror" which Narcissus is using to see his own reflection. After managing to trick Narcissus, Hazel and Leo escaped back to the ship with the help of Arion, Hazel's horse, and Echo, who remained behind to try to save Narcissus again, after having failed in her previous life time.

Along the way, they stop in Kansas, owing to a vision Piper had in her dagger. They discover Baccus, the Roman counterpart to Mr. D. It turns out to be a trap and Gaea forces Percy and Jason to fight each other. Their eyes turn into a gold hue, and with Percy on Blackjack and Jason on Tempest, both heroes attack each other. Piper manages to stop them from killing each other, as she realises that they are possessed by eidolons. With both Percy and Jason knocked out, Piper had Blackjack carry them back to the ship. It is then conferred that the 'chills' that Annabeth and Leo had earlier felt were due to the effects of eidolons. After a discussion, it is dicoverd that three eidolens are 'residing' in Percy, Jason and Leo. Piper manages to send the eidolons away. Before they leave, Piper makes them swear on the River Styx that they will never come back to the ship or inhabit any of its crew.

The seven then headed to Atlanta. On the way there, Percy has a dream of the twins, Ephialtes and Otis. He realises that the giants had prepared traps for the demigods and the item they desired was actually a jar. Trapped in the jar is [[Nico di Angelo]], who is surviving on Pomegranate seeds. These seeds were taken from Persephone's garden, and one per day, puts the user in a death trance. Nico was consuming almost no air, the reason why he can survive in the jar of poisonous fumes. This fulfils Ella's prophecy "''Twins snuff out the angels breath''", the angel referring to Nico di Angelo, where Angelo is Italian for Angel. They have only 5 days to rescue him, and that is by July 1st, and also the day when Rome falls.

Percy, Frank and Coach Hedge then head out to search for Phorcys. As Keto and Coach Hedge went for a tour of the aquarium, both Percy and Frank are caught by Phorcys, who had earlier let slip the location of the map they were looking for. With the efforts of Coach Hedge who discovers them in an aquarium, the trio managed to escape.

Their next stop is Charleston. Annabeth, Piper and Hazel seeks out the apparition that Jason and Reyna had encountered years ago. The apparition turned out to be Aphrodite/Venus. The goddess claims that, while the other gods suffer crippiling headaches due to their Greek and Roman sides conflicting, she does not suffer this afflection, for love is the same be it Greek or Roman. After a 'tea party', Annabeth searches for the map as her friends battled against the Romans at Fort Sumpter. After a fearful encounter of spiders, which hinted further at the final destination of the trail that the Mark of Athena leads, Annabeth found the map.

After escaping from the Romans, the ship sails through the Atlantic. During this time, Hazel decides to show Leo a vision from her past, in hopes to understand each other better. A scene from Hazel's school days were shown, where Sammy Valdez saved her from a bully and acquired a diamond from her. Despite Hazel's plea, Sammy decided to keep the diamond and promised her that he would never sell it. The scene changes quickly, causing Hazel to be in disbelief as it did not belong to any of her visions. It is, however, a scene where the timelines of Hazel, Leo and Sammy crossed. Sammy turned out to be Leo's great-grandfather. In the vision, as Sammy was cuddling a baby Leo, Sammy started to ramble what appeared to be nonsense. However, it was implied that Sammy could have been a demigod as well, for he had received a vision from Hera. The vision told Sammy that Hazel's trouble would not have been during his lifetime. As Leo was the first male heir to appear in generations, Sammy hoped that Leo would be his double, and he implored that if Leo was to meet Hazel, Leo would have to apologize to Hazel o his behalf. When Hazel died, though Sammy had thought that she simply disappeared, Sammy had sold the diamond. Sammy then believed that he was cursed, for he never saw Hazel again. As both Hazel and Leo awaken from their sharing, a monster attacks the ship.

Frank is knocked overboard while Leo and Hazel fall into the ocean after being caught by the monster. They are then saved by Chiron's brothers, Aphros and Bythos who are actually Ichthyocentaurs; creatures with a humanoid upper body, the torso and legs of a horse and the tail of a fish. After they release the trio back to the ship, they send a force to deal with Phorcys and Keto in a bid to release all the marine creatures been held captive.

The voyage continues to Rome, passing through the entrance to the Mediterranean, where they are tested by Hercules, who is now a god. Piper manages to cut of the remaining horn of Achelous, an old river god, and it turns into a cornucopia. Instead of handing the cornucopia to Hercules, as per Hercules's request/demand, they trick the god and escape. Along the way, they are borded by pirates led by the son of Medusa. They manage to escape, and make an offering to Baccus. Once in Rome, Annabeth leaves the group to continue following The Mark of Athena- part of a seperate quest set by her mother. Percy, Piper and Jason are almost drowned by vengful water nymphs, but survive, and manage to rescue Nico Di Angelo. While batteling giant, Baccus appears and aids them owing to the offering made to him.

After retrieving the Athena Parthenos, the floor beings to crack. Annabeth beings to slide toward the pit and falls, but Percy is able to catch her. However, he is holding her with one hand, with the other hand on the edge of the floor. Arachne's voice is heard in her mind, that if she is to go to Tartarus, so will Annabeth. As their friends try to help, Percy is unable to hold on any longer. Turning to Nico, Percy entrusts his friends to him and asks Nico to lead them to the Doors of Death. As Percy informs Annabeth that he will never be separated from her again, he releases his hold and both of them fall deeper into Tartarus. Back on the Argo II, the remaining six demigods decide to head to Greece to the House of Hades (the location of the doors of death in the mortal world) and shut them from this side, while Percy and Annabeth travel through Tartarus to reach the other side of the Doors there. Leo tells Festus to prepare the ship to set sail for their friends.

==Major Characters==
[[Percy Jackson]]
 
[[Annabeth Chase]]
 
[[Jason Grace]]
 
[[Leo Valdez]]
 
[[Piper McLean]]
 
[[Hazel Levesque]]
 
[[Frank Zhang]]
 
[[Gleeson Hedge]]
 
[[Athena]]/[[Minerva]]
 
[[Terminus]]
 
[[Blackjack]]
 
[[Tempest]]
 
[[Nemesis]]
 
[[Bacchus]]
 
[[Arachne]]
 
[[Hercules]]
 
[[Aphrodite]]/[[Venus]]
 
[[Nico di Angelo]]
 
[[Reyna]]
 
[[Octavian]]
 
[[Dakota]]
 
[[Sammy Valdez]]
 
[[Esperanza Valdez]]

==Release==
The Mark of Athena was published on October 2nd. It is available on eBook and audiobook, apart from the actual book.

==Sequel==
The Sequel of the Mark of Athena is called the House of Hades. So far not much is known about the 4th book in the [[Heroes of Olympus|Heroes of Olympus Series]] except that it will be released in late 2013.

==References==

{{Camp Half-Blood}}

[[Category:Percy Jackson & the Olympians]]
[[Category:The Heroes of Olympus]]
[[Category:2012 novels]]
[[Category:Rick Riordan]]
[[Category:American fantasy novels]]

Talk:Free Gaza Movement

2012-10-04T08:01:59Z

220.255.2.26: controversy

{{skiptotoctalk}}
{{ARBPIA}}
{{sanctions| '''See [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Palestine-Israel_articles#Discretionary_sanctions|discretionary sanctions]] for details'''}}
{{Talkheader}}
{{WikiProject Palestine|class=c|importance=low}}
{{WikiProject Human rights |class=c ||importance=low}}
{{WikiProject Organizations |class=c|importance=mid}}

==Separation==
Seems that people within the organization cannot get along: http://www.freegaza.org/en/home/aipac
There have been recent edits to the original formation of the organization which is now not so surprising after reading the link. Does anyone want to tackle putting this info in the article?[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 22:28, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

== problems w/recent changes to the page - re: History section ==

Hello, I wanted to let you know that the first paragraph of the "History" section of the page for the Free Gaza Movement is incorrect, unsourced, and hardly neutral. The page is located at:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Gaza_Movement

The paragraph currently states:

"The group was founded by a group of activists and Palestinians from the International Solidarity Movement, a front organization for the PLO and now Hamas."

This is both untrue and unsourced. It continues:

"The boats have Iranian "journalists" on board who are from Iran's Press TV who are most likely Iranian agents."

Again, this is untrue & unsourced. There were two journalists (Aki Nawal & Yvonne Ridley) from Press TV on the first voyage in August 2008, and none since then. Both Aki & Yvonne are public figures in the UK - hardly agents.

The paragraph continues:

"The purpose is to open the sea lanes controlled by Israel in order to facilitate the smuggling of weapons to Hamas by sea."

In fact, the Free Gaza Movement is a peaceful organization engaging in non-violent direct action. Our ships have been searched by Cypriot authorities prior to each voyage, and all participants sign a document pledging to be nonviolent in word & deed before getting on board our ships.

It continues:

"The first voyage had no "humanitairan" supplies and since then gods brought in have only been symbolic. Huwaida Arraf, the Free Gaza leader has declared her support for suicide bombers as "legitinate resistance" and admitted at two ISM conference that the ISM works with Hamas, PFLP and Palestine Islamic Jihad, the Palestinian Iranian-supported terror group.Human rights is only a diversion to aid terror groups. The most recent voyage on June 25, 2009 tried to bring cement as is used for weapons smuggling tunnels and bunkers."

Look, I don't really feel a need to "prove" that this nonsense is untrue. This paragraph was recently changed/added to our entry. It is self-observably ridiculous and offensive. Please either source these claims or remove the paragraph.

Cheers,
Free Gaza Movement
http://www.FreeGaza.org

:Don't worry about it too much. One editor threw in some poor information and no one caught it initially (stood for less than 48 hours). Take a look at the page's history and you'll will see that it was a single individual and that it is now fixed.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 20:54, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
::truegreta is now engaged in edit waring. The Conflict if Interest notice is at the top of the page since she is with the organization. Please feel free to see the lengthy and detailed discussion + warnings on the user's talk page [[User talk:Truegreta]]. Any ideas on how to make this less heated would be appreciated.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 19:36, 29 June 2009 (UTC)
:::My suggestion (which you might already be doing at this moment) is to back off, because an edit war can only exist if more than one person participates. I've seen many times when 2 editors are both blocked for 3RR even when one of the editors is clearly in the wrong with their edits (due to POV, lack of sources, etc.). If at some point you need to report the other person for edit-warring it will strengthen your case if you've stayed above it. Also remember that there's no time limit on the article, especially if you keep a watch on it; even if the "bad" edits stay for a day or two you can remove them later. Don't risk being cited for a violation yourself even if you have the best of motives. -- '''[[User:Atama|Atama]][[User talk:Atama|chat]]''' 21:13, 29 June 2009 (UTC)
::::Thank you for the input. for now, the Conflict of Interest tag is off the article and I won't restore it based on the 3rr policy (just in case).[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 21:16, 29 June 2009 (UTC)
==Late June sailing==
So far nothing has been independently verified regarding the urgent update recently included. Does some sort of disclaimer need to be in the wording ("According to..." or something similar)? Israel should have a response to the press releases shortly so am not too worried about it but am concerned some readers will take this "breaking news" as fact (which it may be). [[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 05:05, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

* I have updated the section with information from Reuters, which may not have existed when you wrote. A web search will find articles on Al Jazeera and the Jerusalem Post, along with many others. Hopefully it can be expanded and further updated given time. [[User:Wavehunter|Wavehunter]] ([[User talk:Wavehunter|talk]]) 17:20, 30 June 2009 (UTC)
::After the first couple hours it was just Free Gaza's press release out there. Israeli military has finally said some stuff, too..[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 17:37, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

==POV concern==
The following has been removed with the edit summary "rv pov - biased wording".

''Israel considers the waters along the Gaza Strip an Israeli controlled security zone in accordance with internationally recognized agreements with the Palestinian Authority.<ref name='11Alive 2009-07-01'> {{cite web|url=http://www.11alive.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=131972&catid=8 |title=Cynthia McKinney, 20 Others, Held by Israel |accessdate=2009-07-04 |last=Sweigart |first=Chris |date=2009-07-01 |work=11Alive |publisher=WXIA-TV }}</ref>''

The organization says that it is international waters in the previous line "''According to the organization, the boats have been and will continue to go directly from [[international waters]] into the waters of Gaza.''" It is not POV to let the reader know that the assertion that it is international waters is disputed. It is sourced and not given undue weight. Frank;y, I'm astonished that an editor would remove this without first attempting to improve it.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 00:22, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
:Follow-up: I have removed the information asserting that the waters are international. If this information is too much detail for the lead a section describing the overall goals and ins and outs of the project would be beneficial to the article.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 00:27, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
::The assertion is not that Gaza waters are international. It is that they abut international waters, and the route went from one to the other without going through Israel's agreed territorial waters. Please restore the correct statement.[[User:Cherlin|Cherlin]] ([[User talk:Cherlin|talk]]) 17:25, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
Call the Pro Palestinians also Anti-Israeli both Chomsky and Tutu fit that category[[User:Unicorn76|Unicorn76]] ([[User talk:Unicorn76|talk]]) 23:23, 9 August 2010 (UTC)
:Clearly not NPOV. One can say that specific elements of Israeli government and outside commentators or groups hold this view (with references), but not that it is fact. It is, for example, a historical fact that Israel supported the White Supremacist Apartheid government of South Africa, including the avowed Nazi supporter B. J. Vorster, and that Desmond Tutu opposed both Apartheid and the Israeli occupation. Opposing improper actions and policies of Israel is, however, a pro-Israel position, according to Chomsky, Tutu, and others.[[User:Cherlin|Cherlin]] ([[User talk:Cherlin|talk]]) 17:23, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
::I'm guessing you are talking about labelling them as "anti-israeli". If so shall we make a separate section, rather than including it in a section about something totally different. It might just be simplest to remove both pro-palestinian and anti-israeli from the lead and let readers make up their own mind. The source I added earlier could be used elsewhere to say that commentators say they are anti-israel. [[User:Smartse|Smartse]] ([[User talk:Smartse|talk]]) 17:28, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

==Shalit==
"The family of captured Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit offered the organizers of the flotilla full support provided that "in addition to their demand that Israel lift its blockade they will urge Hamas to allow the soldier to receive letters and food packages from his family and allow international organizations to visit him". According to Attorney Nick Kaufman, who approached the Free Gaza Movement on behalf of the kidnapped soldier's family the offer was refused.[35] According to the Free Gaza Movement's web site, they "were first contacted by lawyers representing Shalit's family May 26 evening, just hours before they were set to depart from Greece. Irish Senator Mark Daly (Kerry), one of 35 parliamentarians joining the flotilla, agreed to carry any letter or package and to attempt to deliver it to Shalit or, if that request was denied, deliver it to John Ging, Director of UNRWA in Gaza. As of May 28 evening the lawyers have not responded to Sen. Daly""

Their response has several problems. I found a secondary source that says: "Both of the papers published articles stated that “organizers decline carrying a package to Gilad shalit” However, this turned untrue. I spoke with a number of organizers like ECESG and people from the Free Gaza Movement. They both said, “No one contacted us”. We are ready to take this package to Shalit. But in return, we need a commitment from Israel to allow Palestinian families to visit their sons, brothers, sisters, children, women in the dozens of Israeli jails."[http://www.paltelegraph.com/columnists/sameh-a-habeeb/6185-israel-goes-pr-through-propaganda]

So using the Free Gaza website now violates [[WP:SELFPUB]]

# the material is not unduly self-serving;
# it does not involve claims about third parties;
# there is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity;

[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 23:36, 28 May 2010 (UTC)
:Though I think the wording needs work, and there is no need to repeat everything Free Gaza says, I think it is allowable, and necessary for neutrality to include their denial that of refusal and statement of an offer to carry a package.[[User:John Z|John Z]] ([[User talk:John Z|talk]]) 08:48, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

== Dubious ==

"According to the Free Gaza Movement's Web site, the group intended for the boat to enter the Israeli declared "special security zone" in the hope of provoking a clash and being arrested by the [[Israeli navy]]."

The Ha'aretz source does say "The organizers thereby hope to provoke a clash with the navy that will end with them being forcibly arrested," and the sentence is placed in such a manner that it implies this came from the group's website. But I looked over all the website content from that time, and could not find any statement to this effect -- on the contrary, there are repeated statements of intent to "break the siege," get into Gaza, deliver aid, etc. It does say that they expected they ''might'' be stopped by the Israeli navy, but I didn't find anything about hoping to provoke a clash.

I would suggest this statement should be removed. If not, I would at least suggest that Ha'aretz's rendering of the group's motive be paired next to the group's actual rendering of its own motives, perhaps citing the website directly. [[User:EvanHarper|EvanHarper]] ([[User talk:EvanHarper|talk]]) 09:04, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
:Go for it. I personally don't recall any sources where they say that the intent is to provoke a reaction only comments by others alleging so. <strike>That was probably a merging of two different sources into one line that was botched</strike>. Oops. It looks like that is exactly what the source says. I don't know if that is the sources opinion or reporting. Probably rewrite it to say that Haaretz said "xyz" about the movement's plans.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 09:12, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
:Tried it out. Kept your tag in just in case the edit was not sufficient.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 09:26, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

::Yeah, Ha'aretz did say that was their intention. I've added an outright statement, sourced, to the effect of "we don't want Israel to stop us" and removed the tag. [[User:EvanHarper|EvanHarper]] ([[User talk:EvanHarper|talk]]) 10:20, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

== if the free gaza movement started in 2006 ==

how can it be in response to the blockade, which began in 2007? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/76.246.26.45|76.246.26.45]] ([[User talk:76.246.26.45|talk]]) 04:16, 31 May 2010 (UTC) 

== Merging Attack on the Free Gaza flotilla into this article ==

I believe that [[Attack on the Free Gaza flotilla]] should be merged into this article, as it is probably not notable enough to stand as a separate article. [[User:Kaldari|Kaldari]] ([[User talk:Kaldari|talk]]) 06:13, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
:''strongly oppose'' Each stands on its own and separately [[User:Aa42john|Aa42john]] ([[User talk:Aa42john|talk]]) 20:09, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
:Agreed. There will be some recentism conscerns over here but it should be easy enough to figure out.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 06:21, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
:Doing it now.
:Nonsense. The attack is too important to be hidden here.[[User:Vvarkey|vvarkey]] ([[User talk:Vvarkey|talk]]) 08:41, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
::Way to add this out of chronological order after it was already yielded. That seems like nonsense to me.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 09:17, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
::: Way to rush this after giving it 8 minutes of discussion time. [[User:Vvarkey|vvarkey]] ([[User talk:Vvarkey|talk]]) 17:43, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
Citations form other article for easy reference:
1. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/05/201053133047995359.html
2. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3896416,00.html
3. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/05/201053133047995359.html

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! Text
|-
| On 31 May 2010, [[Israeli Navy]] forces stormed the flotilla of ships operated by the [[Free Gaza Movement]], killing up to 16 people<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/05/31/2914131.htm?section=world</ref>.
'''Details'''
The six-ship flotilla began the journey on May 30, 2010 from Cyprus. The Israeli navy contacted the captain of the ''Mavi Marmara'', asking him to identify himself and say where the ship was headed. Shortly after, two Israeli naval vessels flanked the flotilla on either side, but at a distance.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/05/201053133047995359.html</ref>

Footage from the flotilla's lead vessel, the ''MV Mavi Marmara'', showed armed Israeli soldiers boarding the ship and helicopters flying overhead.

Israelis say they acted in defence when confronted by persons wielding sharp objects. An Israeli soldier was moderately injured during the raid after being stabbed in the stomach.<ref>http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3896416,00.html</ref>

'''Reaction'''
Turkey is reported to have summoned the Israeli ambassador to lodge a protest.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/05/201053133047995359.html</ref>

|}

:Well a new user decided to revert. I assume an article can be made. Don't know if it is needed. If anything, it will be snippets from here as a background section, a full account, and maybe an extra section on intl reaction instead of a paragraph about it. I'm open to merging or keeping separate based on what everyone else thinks.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 07:12, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

The huge talk page on the other article [[Attack on the Free Gaza flotilla]] was cover up by clean page. What it mean here discussion ./? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ai 00|Ai 00]] ([[User talk:Ai 00|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ai 00|contribs]]) 07:25, 31 May 2010 (UTC) 
:The other article had a huge talk page? Was it removed in the attempted redirect?[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 07:27, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

::I believe it was removed because it was quite informative. But above may be a 'legitimate reason' to those who think other can't see through gun powder smoke. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ai 00|Ai 00]] ([[User talk:Ai 00|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ai 00|contribs]]) 07:35, 31 May 2010 (UTC) 
:::So are you accusing me of intentionally deleting information? You should not do that. I actually take some offense to it so maybe you should reconsider if that is what you are saying.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 07:38, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
::::I do not accuse you (by the way who you are?). —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ai 00|Ai 00]] ([[User talk:Ai 00|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ai 00|contribs]]) 07:52, 31 May 2010 (UTC) 
:::::I'm Cptnono as my signature says. You can type your signature with 4 tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) [[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 07:50, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
::::::I don't think the tildes was high enough to cover it up. There exist useful automation —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ai 00|Ai 00]] ([[User talk:Ai 00|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ai 00|contribs]]) 08:05, 31 May 2010 (UTC) 

I '''strongly oppose''', the killings is enough to be in its own article. --[[User:Supreme Deliciousness|Supreme Deliciousness]] ([[User talk:Supreme Deliciousness|talk]]) 09:20, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

'''Not merge''', IMO. [[User:Spøkelse|Spøkelse]] ([[User talk:Spøkelse|talk]]) 11:16, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
:'''strong oppose''' these articles are just going to expand, expand and expand in the next few days, see the # of edits in the last few hours.[[User:Lihaas|Lihaas]] ([[User talk:Lihaas|talk]]) 12:37, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

:'''Oppose'''. The clash article is going to have a lot of other information not directly relevant to the Free Gaza Movement page.[[User:Publicus|Publicus]] ([[User talk:Publicus|talk]]) 14:08, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

:'''Oppose'''. High profile incidents within any ongoing campaign merit their own articles. [[User:Carolmooredc|CarolMooreDC]] ([[User talk:Carolmooredc|talk]]) 15:29, 31 May 2010 (UTC)
'''strongly oppose''', Nonsense. The attack is too important to be hidden here.[[User:Vvarkey|vvarkey]] ([[User talk:Vvarkey|talk]]) 17:40, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

'''Strong oppose'''. For reasons mentioned above, including loss of life, media coverage, mass of international responses this generated (and rightfully so, its a big deal). An act of merging the two pages is a huge blow to NPOV as it will bury it in an irrelevant location, downplaying its importance, thoroughness, etc. --[[User:Eyas|Eyas]] ([[User talk:Eyas|talk]]) 21:22, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

== IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation (The Foundation for Human Rights and Freedom and Humanitarian Relief) ==

I draw the attention to this factbox report by Reuters on IHH, http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64U4SO20100601, as a balance to the report by Washington Post and Telegraph in the first section. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Sextusempericus|Sextusempericus]] ([[User talk:Sextusempericus|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sextusempericus|contribs]]) 04:22, 1 June 2010 (UTC) 
:What's required is a neutral description. What has happened here is an edit has cherry-picked a negative description of the group and loaded that into the lead. First, does this belong in the lead? If so, propose replacing the biased selection with something based on "Istanbul-based Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief (IHH) is an Islamic charity group that was formed to provide aid to Bosnian Muslims in the mid-1990s. It has been involved in aid missions in Pakistan, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Indonesia, Iraq, Palestinian territories and other places" per Reuters and other media descriptions of IHH. And taking it out of the lead. [[User:RomaC|RomaC]] ([[User talk:RomaC|talk]]) 23:58, 1 June 2010 (UTC)
::Yeah. Another editor threw that in at the event page as well and it was removed. I have trimmed it substantially. I kept in that Israel has made the charge and used in the paragraph that discusses the solidarity movement. The lead needs some work. There is at least some balance between peacocky who supports them and who is with them and Israel's concern now.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 00:09, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
:::Those statements are sourced and legitimate concerns to those entities but I think it should be added to a Reception section and taken from the lead. In the Reception section we could place positive, neutral and negative evaluations of the group. The lead can say something like ''The group is controversial and seen as both a threat and a savior organization'' This then refers in general to the following reception section. Sound good? We need varied evaluations and opinions of the group added. [[User:Alatari|Alatari]] ([[User talk:Alatari|talk]]) 00:11, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

== Funding ==

How come there is no mention of the movement being funded by [[William Ayers]], [[Bernardine Dohrn]], and [[Jodie Evans]]?[http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/blogs/beltway-confidential/ayers-dohrn-helped-organize-flotilla-group-95435639.html] [[User:Truthsort|Truthsort]] ([[User talk:Truthsort|talk]]) 01:52, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

Also, why is there no mention of the fact that Greta Berlin, one of the group's organizers, admits that $368,000 US for the Rachel Corrie trip came from Mahathir Mohamad, a man with a sorted history of Anti-Semitic comments: Mahathir Mohamad? Here's a link to an AP wire story. http://www.todayonline.com/BreakingNews/EDC100604-0000026/Free-Gaza-co-founder-says-group-turned-down-an-offer-of-a-donation-from-Iran

This is Mahathir Mohamad's entry on Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_bin_Mohamad [[Special:Contributions/173.32.78.128|173.32.78.128]] ([[User talk:173.32.78.128|talk]]) 16:09, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

==Revert==
I am removing the line from International Solidartiy Movement. Instead of finding a secondary RS after it was tagged, a new user instead decided to remove the tag. It is a violation of [[WP:SELFPUB]] since the organizations work together and it is a press release that is unduly self-serving and it involves claims about third parties. There is also reasonable doubt to its authenticity. Since Free Gaza is not RS and is biased there is reasonable doubt that what they say is authentic. Furthermore, it is undue weight. It is also worded with a huge POV slant. If a rebuttal is necessary, I suggest editors find a secondary RS. I also suggest that they word it in a more neutral tone. Overall, this paragraph doesn't deserve much weight anyways. New editors should also read the guidelines before removing text since the inappropriate removal of a tag would have prevented no info being included at all. [[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 12:03, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

:I am not a "new user."
:It is reasonable to doubt whether the claim, "Mr Kaufman's statement is a blatant lie as part of a disinformation campaign" is true. But I don't think that's what "authenticity" is supposed to mean in [[WP:SELFPUB]]. I'm pretty sure it's intended to mean authenticity ''as a statement by the group in question.'' I don't see any doubt that the cited source is, in fact, a press release from Free Gaza. So I don't see "authenticity" as an issue.
:I don't see the material as "unduly self-serving." I take "unduly self-serving" to refer to claims like, "Mr. Jones is widely viewed as one of America's leading artists," cited to Mr. Jones' web page. The statement in question clearly is intended to be self-exonerating, but I don't see what's "undue" about it. Kaufman made an accusation against them, and they said it wasn't true. How is that "unduly self-serving?"
:I'm not sure what "claims about third parties" are implicated here. I suppose one could go from "the statement [by Mr. Kaufman] is a lie" to "Mr. Kaufman is a liar," which would be problematic. If the sharp tone of the quote is an issue, it can simply be paraphrased -- instead of "the group called it a 'blatant lie' as part of a 'disinformation campaign,'" we could say, "the group denied Mr. Kaufman's statement, calling it misleading." Surely, merely disagreeing with a person's statement is not a "claim about third parties."
:You have not explained why you think the statement is unduly weighted; it is a two-sentence direct response to the preceding two-sentence accusation. Effectively, you are saying that including a nasty allegation about the group is perfectly acceptable, but including the group's response is undue weight. I hardly find this convincing.
:I do not see what is POV about the text as it stood. Clearly, the group itself was expressing strong opinions. The text reported on those strong opinions, but did not endorse them. That is perfectly appropriate. For example, in the preceding paragraph, an Israeli official is quoted saying, "They are engaged in only one thing, and that is to create provocations and to collaborate with Hamas propaganda." That is obviously an extremely strong POV, but it is not a problem with [[WP:NPOV]], because it is just passing on what the Israeli official claimed, without endorsing it. It is clearly in the spirit of [[WP:POV]].
:Finally, I do not appreciate your arrogant tone, your edit summary about "pov edits," your false implication that I have not read the relevant guidelines, and your "escalating" attitude towards this disagreement (ie, you disagreed with my removal of a ''warning tag'', so you retaliated not be restoring the tag but by deleting ''the entire sentence.'') Please reconsider whether this is appropriate behavior. [[User:EvanHarper|EvanHarper]] ([[User talk:EvanHarper|talk]]) 01:32, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

:Asking for uninvolved feedback on this disagreement. [[User:EvanHarper|EvanHarper]] ([[User talk:EvanHarper|talk]]) 14:43, 7 June 2010 (UTC)
:
{|style="border-top:solid thin lightgrey;background:transparent;padding:4px;"
|[[Image:Searchtool-80%.png|15px]] '''Response to [[WP:3O|third opinion request]]''':
|-
|style="padding-left:0.6cm"|I think the use of the International Solidarity Movement's own newsletter, to report the situation as they see it — thus providing balance and furthering NPOV — is OK here. Yes, it arguably falls under [[WP:SELFPUB]], but its use seems to reasonably meet the conditions for allowing self-published sources as I understand them. I see a major difference between quoting material from a pro-Gaza source like this and, say, quoting a self-published "patriot" fringe blog in an attempt to lend credibility to anti-Obama "birthers".

Almost by definition of this situation, each side's positions are going to seem self-serving, disingenuous, and wildly POV to people on the other side. I think it would be even better if the cite of the ISM newsletter could be replaced by a good-quality secondary source (possibly something reported in an established newspaper from an Arab country), but I'm not really disturbed by quoting the ISM directly here if a secondary source can't easily be found.

I will say that I was a bit concerned about whether the less-than-positive reference to the Shalit family and their lawyer (Nick Kaufman) — the "blatant lie" part — might be crossing the line into forbidden territory per [[WP:BLP]]. Upon reflection, I don't think this is a problem, but some discussion about this might possibly be worth having, just to be sure.—[[User:Richwales|Richwales]] ([[User talk:Richwales|talk]]) 03:51, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
|}
::Thanks for the 3O. I have a lot less worries with the source if it is paraphrased or trimmed. There is a whole essay talking about quotes improperly introducing POV when paraphrasing would be preferred but I can't find it at the moment. And I still think the whole paragraph (even with what is just in now) is too much weight and borders on scandal mongering. Apologies for calling you a "new user". Unfortunate assumption from the red link and floods of other new users in the topic area.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 04:37, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

:::How about,
:::''The group strongly denied this, saying they had always called for the release of all prisoners, including [[Palestinian prisoners in Israel]], and that they had accepted Mr. Kaufman's request but had not heard back from him since.''
;::[[User:EvanHarper|EvanHarper]] ([[User talk:EvanHarper|talk]]) 15:48, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
::::Well, I have impatiently implemented my own suggestion, since it sounds like we're a lot closer to agreement than I thought. [[User:EvanHarper|EvanHarper]] ([[User talk:EvanHarper|talk]]) 22:23, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
:::::Oops, should have responded sooner. Yeah, that change was fine.[[User:Cptnono|Cptnono]] ([[User talk:Cptnono|talk]]) 22:49, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

== Planned spring 2011 sailing ==

I recommend creating a new section to address the planned 2011 sailing. '''Suggested text follows:'''
:{{crystal}}According to the website of the Free Gaza movement, a sailing to Gaza is being planned for the spring of 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freegaza.org/ |title=Freegaza - News section |accessdate=7 February 2011 |quote=We're getting ready to go again in the Spring. And we need your support. Follow us on Witnessgaza.com; join us on twitter and Facebook, then donate to help us.}}</ref> The usatogaza.org website reports that new applications to sail with the vessel, expected to be named ''The Audacity of Hope'', can no longer be processed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usatogaza.org/ |title=USATOGAZA |accessdate=7 February 2011 |quote=THE APPLICATION PROCESS TO SAIL ON THE U.S. BOAT TO GAZA, ''THE AUDACITY OF HOPE'', IS NOW CLOSED. THANK YOU TO ALL WHO APPLIED.}}</ref> 
[[Special:Contributions/132.64.188.17|132.64.188.17]] ([[User talk:132.64.188.17|talk]]) 09:14, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
::I don't quite understand using the template and then making speculative statements - the whole point is that we shouldn't include speculation. I'd say we should wait until the planned voyage is mentioned by the media (2ndry sources) before adding it to the article. [[User:Smartse|SmartSE]] ([[User talk:Smartse|talk]]) 11:39, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
:::I don't know if there's anything wrong with the speculation, so long as it's newsworthy. Anyway, per your reply, I Googled ["Audacity of hope" gaza], and it turns out the story did get attention in the mainstream press: [http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=182601 ‘The Audacity of Hope’ to set sail] (Jerusalem Post), [http://voices.washingtonpost.com/checkpoint-washington/2010/07/gaza_boat_to_be_named_audacity.html Gaza boat to be named 'audacity of hope'] (Washington Post), [http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/243520/khalidis-audacity-hope-andrew-c-mccarthy Khalidi’s Audacity of Hope] (National Review), to name three. The suggested text'll have to be reworded, but I still the new section's called for. Even if the boat doesn't actually sail, the fact that there was a failed campaign should also be recorded as part of history.[[Special:Contributions/132.64.188.36|132.64.188.36]] ([[User talk:132.64.188.36|talk]]) 16:49, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
::::Huh? None of those sources mention that a voyage will occur in 2011, which is what we were discussing, wasn't it? As you say there's nothing wrong with speculation "so long as it's newsworthy" but that means we need a newspaper story to report the planned voyage ''before'' including it. [[User:Smartse|SmartSE]] ([[User talk:Smartse|talk]]) 17:17, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
:::::Yes, that's what those articles were doing – reporting the planned voyage. Anyway, now there are more concrete reports about the anticipated flotilla, so there's reason to consider a "Planned 2011 flotilla" section again. ''Irish Times'': [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/0323/1224292848679.html Israel seeks aid of diplomats to prevent flotilla going to Gaza] (23 March 2011); ''Ha'aretz'': [http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/turkey-group-plans-new-gaza-flotilla-with-at-least-15-ships-1.350994 Turkey group plans new Gaza flotilla with at least 15 ships] (22 March 2011); and there's this from 15 March: [http://globalmbreport.org/?p=4087 UK Muslim Brotherhood Coalition To Participate In Next Gaza Flotilla].—[[User:Biosketch|Biosketch]] ([[User talk:Biosketch|talk]]) 11:44, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

== misplaced quotation mark ==

In the second paragraph there's a lone quotation mark right at the end.[[Special:Contributions/132.64.188.17|132.64.188.17]] ([[User talk:132.64.188.17|talk]]) 09:21, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
:{{done}} Deleted it.—[[User:Biosketch|Biosketch]] ([[User talk:Biosketch|talk]]) 19:56, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

== POV/unsourced claim: human rights organization? ==

"The Free Gaza movement is a coalition of human rights organizations and activists...." The claim is highly suspect. Where is the source for it? None is suggested in the article. If a source cannot be produced, a less biased description would be preferable - potentially "The Free Gaza movement is a coalition of pro-Palestinian organizations and activists." That would sound much less partial.—[[User:Biosketch|Biosketch]] ([[User talk:Biosketch|talk]]) 06:18, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_Gaza_Movement&action=historysubmit&diff=412678919&oldid=411982670 Does this help ?] '''[[User:Sean.hoyland|Sean.hoyland]]''' - '''[[User talk:Sean.hoyland|talk]]''' 06:46, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
:: It does indeed, except the BBC has it the other way around: human rights ''activists'', pro-Palestinian ''organizations''.—[[User:Biosketch|Biosketch]] ([[User talk:Biosketch|talk]]) 07:18, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
:::oops...fixed. '''[[User:Sean.hoyland|Sean.hoyland]]''' - '''[[User talk:Sean.hoyland|talk]]''' 07:21, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

== Edit request from 212.179.140.194, 13 June 2011 ==

{{edit semi-protected|answered=yes}}

Hello, May 2010 sailing, the last sentence state that commandos were arrested for stealing laptops.
This is untrue, 2 soldiers were arrested but they were not part of the commando operation. they stole the laptops after they were on land with other equipment on the docs.

Thanks


[[Special:Contributions/212.179.140.194|212.179.140.194]] ([[User talk:212.179.140.194|talk]]) 12:11, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

: {{ESp|rs}} [[User:GaneshBhakt|GaneshBhakt]] ([[User talk:GaneshBhakt|talk]]) 15:02, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

==Anti-Semitism and controversy==
Greta Berlin, one of the movement's founders, recently posted a link to a video of a speech blaming Jews for the Holocaust on the official Free Gaza movement's Twitter feed. She later apologized for sending it by mistake. The feed had previously posted a link to a 1943 Nazi propaganda film Im Wald von Katyn. http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/04/gaza-flotilla-sponsor-blames-jews-for-holocaust-on-twitter

The Bride with White Hair (TV series)

2012-09-16T08:54:40Z

220.255.2.26: /* External links */ add HBS template

{{Infobox television
| show_name = The Bride with White Hair
| image = [[File:The Bride with White Hair (TV series) (新白发魔女传).jpg|230px]]
| caption =
| show_name_2 = ''Xin Bai Fa Mo Nü Zhuan''
| genre = [[Wuxia]]
| format =
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = [[Liang Yusheng]] (original story) Liang Zhiming Han Peizhen Chen Peiyin Lang Nuolin
| director = Wong Wai-kit Liang Guoguan Ma Huagan
| creative_director =
| presenter = Jiang Hao [[Nicky Wu]]
| starring = [[Nicky Wu]] [[Ma Su (actress)|Ma Su]] [[Louis Fan]] Liu Sitong Li Jie Guo Zhenni
| judges =
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme = ''Liu Xiang'' (留香) performed by Nicky Wu
| endtheme =
| composer = Yan Yidan
| country = China
| language = Mandarin
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| producer = Liu Xiaofeng
| executive_producer = Cai Qingzhu
| editor =
| location = China
| cinematography =
| camera =
| runtime = 45 minutes per episode
| company = 1. Phoenix Legend Films 2. Beijing Daocaoxiong Film Culture
| distributor =
| channel = [[Hunan Broadcasting System|Hunan Satellite TV]]
| picture_format =
| audio_format =
| first_run =
| first_aired = 14 September 2012
| last_aired =
| status =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| related =
| website =
| production_website =
}}
{{Chinese|title=The Bride with White Hair|c=新白髮魔女傳|s=新白发魔女传|p=Xīn Bái Fà Mó Nǚ Zhuàn}}
'''''The Bride with White Hair''''' is a Chinese television series adapted from [[Liang Yusheng]]'s novel ''[[Baifa Monü Zhuan]]''. It was first aired on [[Hunan Broadcasting System|Hunan Satellite TV]] on 14 September 2012. Shooting started on 26 April 2012 in [[Hengdian World Studios]], [[Zhejiang]].<ref>{{zh icon}} [http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2012-04-26/15333616177.shtml 《新白发魔女传》横店开机马苏饰演练霓裳(图)]</ref> The series stars [[Nicky Wu]], [[Ma Su (actress)|Ma Su]], [[Louis Fan]], Liu Sitong, Li Jie, and Guo Zhenni.<ref>{{zh icon}} [http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2012-04-20/20023611145.shtml 《新白发魔女传》启动吴奇隆携众主演再续经典]</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Nicky Wu]] as Zhuo Yihang
* [[Ma Su (actress)|Ma Su]] as Lian Nichang
* [[Louis Fan]] as Yue Mingke
* Liu Sitong as Tie Shanhu
* Li Jie as Geng Shaonan
* Guo Zhenni as He E'hua
* Ye Zuxin as Xin Longzi
* Yue Yueli as Tie Feilong
* Zhuo Fan as Jin Duyi
* Lily Tien as Honghua Guimu
* Ben Ng as Murong Chong
* Wei Lai as Bai Min
* Zhang Tianqi as Wang Zhaoxi
* Wang Yi as Meng Qiuxia
* Guo Ketong as Tang Jiabi
* Fei Weini as Mo Jiao
* Zhu Rongrong as Ying Xiuyang
* [[Michelle Yim]] as Ling Muhua
* Hou Yu as Gongsun Lei
* Dai Jiaoqian as Huo Caidie
* Huo Zhengyan as Huo Wudu
* Tian Ruihui as Huo Yuxue

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{zh icon}} [http://baike.baidu.com/view/6013882.htm ''The Bride with White Hair''] on [[Baidu Baike]]

{{Hunan Broadcasting System}}
{{Baifa Monü Zhuan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bride with White Hair (TV series), The}}
[[Category:2012 Chinese television series debuts]]
[[Category:Wuxia television series]]
[[Category:Adaptations of Baifa Monü Zhuan]]
[[Category:Television series set in the Ming Dynasty]]

[[zh:新白发魔女传]]

Template:Hunan Broadcasting System

2012-09-16T08:54:17Z

220.255.2.26: add

{{Navbox
| name = Hunan Broadcasting System
| title = [[Hunan Broadcasting System|Hunan Broadcasting System (HBS)]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| image =
| above = ''Formerly known as'' '''Golden Eagle Broadcasting System (GBS)'''
| below = ''This template is for'' Hunan Broadcasting System. ''For more divisions, please refer to'' [[Hunan Publishing Investment Holding Group]]

| group1 = Channels
| list1 = {{Navbox subgroup
| style = height:4em;
| groupstyle = line-height:1.2em;

|group1= [[Hunan Television]]
|list1 = [[Hunan Satellite Television]] {{·}} [[Hunan Television World]] {{·}} [[Hunan eTV]] {{·}} [[Hunan ShowTV]] {{·}} [[Hunan Television City]] {{·}} [[Hunan Television Movie]] {{·}} [[Hunan Television Public]] {{·}} [[Aniworld (Hunan Television)|Aniworld]] {{·}} [[Golden Eagle Documentary]] {{·}} [[Happigo (Hunan Television)|Happigo]] {{·}} [[Channel F (Hunan Television)|Channel F]] {{·}} [[Vanguard Documentary Channel]] {{·}} [[Pioneer Ping Yu Channel]] {{·}} [[Hunan Television Education]] {{·}} [[Hunan Mobile Television]]

|group3= [[Qinghai Television]]
|list3 = [[Qinghai Satellite Television]]}}

| group2 = Frequency
| list2 = [[Hunan News Radio]] {{·}} [[Hunan Economic Radio]] {{·}} [[Hunan Fine Arts Radio]] {{·}} [[Hunan Traffic Radio]] {{·}} [[Green 93.8]] {{·}} [[Super 89.3]] {{·}} [[Hunan Travel Radio]] {{·}} [[Golden Eagle 95.5]] {{·}} [[Happy 88.6]]

| group3 = Variety shows
| list3 = ''[[Baike Quan Shuo]]'' {{·}} ''[[Take Me Out (variety show)|Take Me Out]]'' {{·}} ''[[Day Day Up]]'' {{·}} ''[[Happy Camp (variety show)|Happy Camp]]'' {{·}} ''[[Gelivable Sunday]]'' {{·}} ''[[Boys' Evolution]]''

| group4 = Contests
| list4 = ''[[Super Girl (contest)|Super Girl]]'' {{·}} ''[[Super Boy (contest)|Super Boy]]'' {{·}} ''[[Mr. Mic]]'' {{·}} ''[[Blossoming Flowers]]''

| group5 = Dramas
| list5 = {{Navbox subgroup
| style = height:4em;
| groupstyle = line-height:1.2em;

|group1= 1998-2011
|list1 = ''[[Princess Pearl]]'' (1998-1999) {{·}} ''[[Meteor Shower (TV series)|Meteor Shower]]'' (2009-2011) {{·}} ''[[Fall in Love (TV series)|Fall in Love]]'' (2011) {{·}} ''[[Palace (TV series)|Palace]]'' (2011) {{·}} ''[[Princess Pearl (2011 TV series)|Princess Pearl]]'' (2011) {{·}} ''[[Scarlet Heart]]'' (2011) {{·}} ''[[Secret History of Empress Wu]]'' (2011) {{·}} ''[[The Glamorous Imperial Concubine]]'' (2011)

|group3= 2012
|list3 = ''[[Palace II (TV series)|Palace II]]'' {{·}} ''[[Secret History of Princess Taiping]]'' {{·}} ''[[Xuan-Yuan Sword: Scar Of Sky]]'' {{·}} ''[[The Bride with White Hair (TV series)|The Bride with White Hair]]'' {{·}} ''[[Swordsman (TV series)|Swordsman]]'' (TBA) }}

| group6 = Music
| list6 = [[EE-Media]]

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Chinese television navigational boxes]]
</noinclude>

Kṣitigarbha

2012-09-15T11:14:28Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Chinese
| title = Kṣitigarbha
| pic = Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Wood Statue.jpeg
| piccap = Traditional Chinese depiction of Ksitigarbha as a monk holding a staff and a cintamani pearl.
| san = {{IAST|Kṣitigarbha}}
| c = 地藏
| p = Dìzàng
| w = Ti4-tsang4
| j = Dei6-zong6
| l = Kṣitigarbha
| t2 = 地藏菩薩
| s2 = 地藏菩萨
| p2 = Dìzàng Púsà
| w2 = Ti4-tsang4 P'u2-sa4
| j2 = Dei6-zong6 Pou4-saat3
| l2 = Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha
| altname3 = Honorific
| t3 = 地藏王菩薩
| s3 = 地藏王菩萨
| p3 = Dìzàng Wáng Púsà
| w3 = Ti4-tsang4 Wang2 P'u2-sa4
| j3 = Dei6-zong6 Wong4 Pou4-saat3
| l3 = Bodhisattva King Kṣitigarbha
| t4 = 大願地藏菩薩
| s4 = 大願地藏菩萨
| altname4 = Full title
| p4 = Dàyuàn Dìzàng Púsà
| w4 = Ta4-yüan4 Ti4-tsang4 P'u2-sa4
| j4 = Daai6-jyün6 Dei6-zong6 Pou4-saat3
| l4 = Bodhisattva King Kṣitigarbha of the Great Vow
| kanji = 地蔵; 地蔵菩薩; 地蔵王菩薩
| romaji = Jizō; Jizō Bosatsu; Jizō-ō Bosatsu
| tib = ས་ཡི་སྙིང་པོ
| wylie = sa yi snying po
| mon = Сайенинбу
| hangul = 지장, 지장보살
| hanja = 地蔵, 地蔵菩薩
| rr = ji jang, ji jang bosal
| tha = พระกษิติครรภ์โพธิสัตว์
| rtgs = Phra Ksitikhan Phothisatt
| qn = Địa Tạng Vương bồ tát
}}
'''Ksitigarbha''' ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|क्षितिगर्भ}} ''{{IAST|Kṣitigarbha}}'') is a [[bodhisattva]] primarily revered in [[East Asian Buddhism]], usually depicted as a [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]] in the Orient. The name may be translated as "Earth Treasury", "Earth Store", "Earth Matrix", or "Earth Womb". Ksitigarbha is known for his vow to take responsibility for the instruction of all beings in the [[Desire realm|six worlds]] between the death of [[Gautama Buddha|Gautama (Sakyamuni) Buddha]] and the rise of [[Maitreya Buddha]], as well as his vow not to achieve [[Buddhahood]] until all [[Naraka (Buddhism)|hell]]s are emptied. He is therefore often regarded as the bodhisattva of hell beings, as well as the guardian of children and patron deity of deceased children and aborted foetuses in Japanese culture. Usually depicted as a monk with a [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]] around his shaved head, he carries a [[khakkhara|staff]] to force open the gates of hell and a [[Cintamani|wish-fulfilling jewel]] to light up the darkness.

== Overview ==
Ksitigarbha is one of the four principal [[bodhisattvas]] in East Asian Mahayana Buddhism. The others are [[Samantabhadra]], [[Manjusri]], and [[Avalokitesvara]].

At the pre-[[Tang Dynasty]] grottos in [[Dunhuang]] and [[Longmen]], he is depicted in classical bodhisattva shape. After the [[Tang Dynasty]], he became increasingly depicted as a monk, carrying [[rosaries]] and a staff.

His full name in [[Chinese language|Chinese script]] is ({{zh|t=大願地藏菩薩|s=大願地藏菩萨|p=Dàyuàn Dìzàng Púsà}}), or the Bodhisattva King ''Dizang'' of the Great Vow, pronounced as ''Dayuan Dizang Pusa'' in Mandarin Chinese, ''Daigan Jizō Bosatsu'' in Japanese, and ''Jijang Bosal'' in Korean.

This is a reference to his pledge, as recorded in the [[sutra]]s, to take responsibility for the instruction of all beings in the six worlds, in the era between the death of [[Gautama Buddha]] and the rise of [[Maitreya Buddha]]. Because of this important role, shrines to Ksitigarbha often occupy a central role in any Oriental Mahayana temple, especially within the memorial halls or mausoleums.

== Source ==
[[File:Jizo-osorezan-jpatokal.jpg|thumb|left|Ksitigarbha statue at [[Mount Osore|Mt. Osore]].]]

=== As a Brahmin Maiden ===
The story of Ksitigarbha is first described in the ''[[Sutra of The Great Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva]]'', one of the most popular [[Mahayana Buddhist]] sutras. This sutra is said to have been spoken by the Buddha towards the end of his life to the beings of the [[Trayastrimsa]] Heaven as a mark of gratitude and remembrance for his beloved mother, [[Queen Maya|Māyādevī]].<ref>[http://www.sinc.sunysb.edu/clubs/buddhism/ksitigarbha/chap1.html Ksitigarbha Sutra - Chapter One: Miracles In The Palace Of The Trayastrimsas Heaven:] - "Thus have I heard. Once the Buddha was abiding in Trayastrimsas Heaven in order to expound the Dharma to his mother."</ref> But most scholars believe the sutra was compiled in China.<ref>{{Google books|rR4cBxpWPRUC|Jizo Bodhisattva: Guardian of Children, Travelers, and Other Voyagers}} page 193</ref> It stated that Ksitigarbha practiced [[filial piety]] as a mortal, which eventually led to making great vows to save all sentient beings.
In the Ksitigarbha Sutra, the Buddha states that in the distant past eons, Ksitigarbha was a [[Brahmin]] maiden by the name of ''Sacred Girl''. She was deeply troubled when her mother died, because she had often been slanderous towards the [[Triple Gem]]. To save her from the great tortures of [[Naraka (Buddhism)|hell]], the girl sold whatever she had and used the money to buy offerings that she offered daily to the Buddha of her time, known as The Buddha of Flower of Meditation and Enlightenment. She prayed fervently that her mother be spared the pains of hell and appealed to the Buddha for help.<ref name="buddhanet1">{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/tstang-txt.htm |title=Ti Tsang P'usa: Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva |publisher=Buddhanet.net |date= |accessdate=2012-01-16}}</ref>

While she was pleading for help at the temple, she heard Buddha telling her to go home, sit down, and recite his name if she wanted to know where her mother was. She did as she was told and her consciousness was transported to a Hell Realm where she met a guardian who informed her that through her fervent prayers and pious offerings, her mother had accumulated much merit and had already ascended to heaven. Sacred Girl was greatly relieved and would have been extremely happy, but the sight of the suffering she had seen in Hell touched her heart. She vowed to do her best to relieve beings of their suffering in her future lives of [[Kalpa (aeon)|kalpas]].<ref name="buddhanet1"/>

=== As a Buddhist monk ===
[[File:Goryeo-Kshitigarbha (Chijang)-late.14c.jpg|thumb|Ksitigarbha painting, [[Goryeo]] Korea, late 14th century]]
[[File:Chijang Posal as Supreme Lord of the Underworld.jpg|thumb|Ji Jang Bosal as Supreme Ruler of the Underworld, late 18th century]]
There is a legend about how Ksitigarbha manifested himself in China, and chose his [[bodhimanda]] to be [[Mount Jiuhua]], one of the [[Sacred Mountains of China|Four Sacred Mountains of China]] in Buddhism.

In the [[Eastern Han]] dynasty, during the reign of [[Emperor Ming of Han|Emperor Ming]], Buddhism started to flourish, reaching its peak in the era of the [[Tang Dynasty]], eventually spreading to [[Korea]]. At the time, monks and scholars arrived from those countries to seek the Dharma in China. One of these pilgrims was a former prince from [[Silla]] named [[Kim Gyo-gak]] who became a monk under the name of ''Earth Store'' (Also called ''Jijang'', the Korean pronunciation of ''Dizang'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fo365.cn/jswz_view.asp?id=230 |title=释地藏金乔觉考 |publisher=Fo365.cn |date= |accessdate=2012-01-16}}</ref> He went to Mount Jiuhua in present-day [[Anhui Province]]. After ascending, he decided to build a hut in a deep mountain area so that he may be able to cultivate.

According to records, the monk was bitten by a poisonous snake, but did not move, thus letting the snake go. A woman happened to pass by and gave the monk medicines to cure him of the venom, as well as a spring on her son's behalf. For a few years, the monk continued to meditate in his hut, until one day, a scholar named Chu-Ke led a group of friends and family to visit the mountain. Noticing the monk meditating in the hut, they went and took a look at his condition. They had noticed that the monk's bowl did not contain any food, and that his hair had grown back.

Feeling pity on the monk, Scholar Chu decided to build a temple as an offering to the monk. The whole group descended the mountain immediately to discuss plans to build the temple. Mount Jiuhua was also property of a wealthy person named the [[Old age|elder]] Wen-Ke, who obliged to build a temple on his mountain. Therefore, Wen-Ke and the group ascended the mountain once more and asked the monk how much land he needed.

The monk replied that he needed a piece of land that could be covered fully by his [[kasaya]]. Bewildered that a piece of sash could not be enough land to build a temple, the monk surprised them as he threw the kasaya in the air, and the robe expanded in size, covering the entire mountain! Elder Wen-Ke had then decided to renounce the entire mountain to the monk, and became the monk's protector. Sometime later, Wen-Ke's son also left the home life to start his life as a monk.

The monk lived in Mount Jiuhua for seventy five years before passing away at the age of ninety-nine. Three years after his [[nirvana]], his tomb was opened, only to reveal that the body [[incorruptibility|had not decayed]]. Because the monk led his wayplace with much difficulty, most people had the intuition to believe that he was indeed the transformation body of Ksitigarbha.

Monk Jijang's well-preserved, dehydrated body may still be viewed today at the monastery he built on [[Mount Jiuhua]].

== Iconography ==
=== Traditional iconography ===
In Buddhist iconography, Ksitigarbha is typically depicted with a shaven head, dressed in a monk's simple robes (unlike most other [[bodhisattvas]], who are dressed like Indian royalty). In his left hand, Ksitigarbha holds a wish granting jewel; in his right hand, he holds a monk's staff called in Japanese a ''[[shakujo]]'' (錫杖) (jingle staff), which is used to alert insects and small animals of his approach, so that he will not accidentally harm them. Such a staff is traditionally carried by monks. In the Chinese tradition, Ksitigarbha sometimes is seen wearing a [[Vairocana]] crown.

Like other Bodhisattvas, Ksitigarbha usually is seen standing upon a lotus base, symbolizing his release from the [[Karma in Buddhism|karmic]] wheel of rebirth. Ksitigarbha's face and head are also idealized, featuring the [[third eye]], elongated ears and the other standard attributes of an [[enlightenment (Buddhism)|enlightened]] being.

=== Iconography in Japan ===
[[File:Jizo Children.jpg|thumb|right|Jizō [[bodhisattva]] statue at Mibudera temple in [[Japan]], depicted with children and bibs.]]

The [[Narihira Santosen Temple]] in [[Katsushika]], [[Tokyo]] contains the "Bound Jizō" of [[Ōoka Tadasuke]] fame, dating from the [[Edo Period]]. When petitions are requested before the Jizō, the petitioner ties a rope about the statue. When the wish is granted, the petitioner unties the rope. At the new year, the ropes of the ungranted wishes are cut by the temple priest. The vandalism of a Jizō statue is the theme of the [[J-Horror]] movie [[Shibuya Kaidan]]. The anime series [[Hell Girl]] is also loosely based on the legend of the Jizō and the zanpakuto of [[Mayuri Kurotsuchi]] from [[Bleach]] is Konjiki Ashisogi Jizo (Golden Leg-cutting Jizō). Also the dark mass spell utilised by Jellal Fernandes in Fairy tail features the outline of Ksitigarbha's face when launched.

==In Buddhist traditions==
=== In China ===
[[Jiuhuashan|Jiuhua Mountain]] in [[Anhui]] is regarded as Ksitigarbha's seat. It is one of the four great Buddhist mountains of [[China]], and at one time housed more than 300 temples. Today, 95 of these are open to the public. The mountain is a popular destination for pilgrims offering dedications to Ksitigarbha.

In some areas, the admixture of traditional religions has led to Ksitigarbha being also regarded as a [[Taoist]] deity, albeit his duties differ to what Ksitigarbha does. For example, in [[Hong Kong]] and among [[Overseas Chinese]] communities, his images are usually found in the memorial halls of Buddhist and Taoist temples.

=== In Japan ===
In Japan, Ksitigarbha, known as ''Jizō'', or ''Ojizō-sama'' as he is respectfully known, is one of the most loved of all Japanese divinities. His statues are a common sight, especially by roadsides and in graveyards. Traditionally, he is seen as the guardian of children, particularly children who died before their parents. Since the 1980s, he has been worshiped as the guardian of the souls of ''mizuko'', the souls of stillborn, [[miscarriage|miscarried]] or [[abortion|aborted]] [[fetus]]es, in the ritual of [[mizuko kuyo|mizuko kuyō]] (水子供養, lit. ''offering to water children''). In Japanese mythology, it is said that the souls of children who die before their parents are unable to cross the mythical [[Sanzu River]] on their way to the [[afterlife]] because they have not had the chance to accumulate enough good deeds and because they have made the parents suffer. It is believed that Jizō saves these souls from having to pile stones eternally on the bank of the river as [[penance]], by hiding them from [[demon]]s in his robe, and letting them hear mantras.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}}

Jizō statues are sometimes accompanied by a little pile of stones and pebbles, put there by people in the hope that it would shorten the time children have to suffer in the underworld. (The act is derived from the tradition of building [[stupas]] as an act of merit-making.) The statues can sometimes be seen wearing tiny children's clothing or bibs, or with toys, put there by grieving parents to help their lost ones and hoping that Jizō would specially protect them. Sometimes the offerings are put there by parents to thank Jizō for saving their children from a serious illness. Jizō's features are commonly made more babylike to resemble the children he protects.

As he is seen as the saviour of souls who have to suffer in the underworld, his statues are common in cemeteries. He is also believed to be one of the protective deities of travelers, the ''[[dōsojin]]'', and roadside statues of Jizō are a common sight in Japan. Firefighters are also believed to be under the protection of Jizō.

=== In Southeast Asia ===
In [[Theravada]] Buddhism, the story of a Buddhist monk called Phra Malai, who has the similar qualities of Ksitigarbha, is well known throughout Southeast Asia, especially in [[Thailand]] and [[Laos]]. Legend has it that he was an [[arhat]] from [[Sri Lanka]], who achieved great supernormal powers through his own merits and meditation. He is also honored as a successor to [[Maudgalyayana]], the Buddha's disciple foremost for his supernormal attainments. In the story this pious and compassionate monk descends to Hell to give teachings & comfort the suffering hell-beings there. He also learns how the hell-beings are punished according to their sins in the different hells.

== Mantra ==
[[File:Jizo Toi gold mine.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Jizō]] in the [[Toi gold mine]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture]], [[Japan]].]]
In [[Shingon]] and other schools of East Asian [[Esoteric Buddhism]], the mantra of Ksitigarbha comes from the "Treasury of Mantras" section of the ''[[Mahavairocana Sutra|Mahāvairocana Sūtra]]''. The effect of this mantra is producing the "[[Samadhi]] Realm of Adamantine Indestructible Conduct." This mantra is the following:<ref name="autogenerated2005">Giebel, Rolf. ''The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sutra''. Berkeley: Numata Center, 2005</ref>

{{quote|namaḥ samantabuddhānāṃ, ha ha ha, sutanu svāhā<ref name="autogenerated2005"/>}}

: In Chinese: {{quote|wēng, hā hā hā, wēnsān módì suōhā (嗡，哈哈哈，温三摩地梭哈 / 嗡，哈哈哈，溫三摩地梭哈)}}

=== Other mantras ===
* Mantra of Eliminating Fixed Karma：

{{quote| ॐ प्रमर्दने स्वाहा - oṃ pra-mardane svāhā}}

: In Chinese, this mantra is called ''miè dìngyè zhēnyán'' (灭定业真言 / 滅定業真言). It reads: {{quote|wēng bōluó mòlín tuóníng suōpóhē (嗡钵啰末邻陀宁娑婆诃 / 嗡鉢啰末鄰陀寧娑婆訶)}}

* In Chinese Buddhism, the following mantra is associated with Kṣitigarbha:

{{quote|námó dìzàng wáng púsà (南无地藏王菩萨 / 南無地藏王菩萨)}}

* In Korean Buddhism, the following mantra is associated with Kṣitigarbha:

{{quote|namo jijang bosal}}

* In Tibet, the following mantra is associated with Kṣitigarbha:

{{quote|oṃ kṣitigarbha bodhisattva yaḥ}}

* In Shingon, a mantra used in public religious services is:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shingon.org/deities/jusanbuts文u/jizo.html |title=Shingon Buddhism and Jizo |publisher=Shingon.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-16}}</ref>

{{quote|on kaka kabi sanmaei sowaka}}

== Haiku ==
[[File:Earth Store Bodhisattva.jpg|thumb|Bodhisattava Kṣitigarbha in Hsiang-Te Temple, Taiwan]]
falling freely 
tears and rain 
on the garden Jizo

''Namekuji-ni 
kuchi-o suwareta 
ishi-jizo''

The stone image of Jizo 
kissed on the mouth 
by a slug 
(from [[Senryū]])

''Suzume no ko 
Jizoo no sode ni 
kakurekeri''

The young sparrows 
return into Jizo's sleeve 
for sanctuary 
(from [[Kobayashi Issa|Issa]])

''Nadeshiko ya 
jizô bosatsu no 
ato saki ni''

Blooming pinks 
behind and in front 
of Saint Jizo 
(from [[Kobayashi Issa|Issa]])

''Aki-no kure 
tsuji-no Jizo-ni 
abura sasu'' 

In autumn dusk 
at the wayside shrine for the Jizo image 
I pour more votive oil 
(from [[Yosa Buson|Buson]])

== In works of Lafcadio Hearn ==

The Legend of the Humming of the Sai-no-Kawara, by [[Lafcadio Hearn]]:

:But lo! the teacher Jizô appears,
:All gently he comes, and says to the weeping infants:
:"Be not afraid, dears! be never fearful!
:Poor little souls, your lives were brief indeed!
:Too soon you were forced to make the weary journey to the Meido,
:The long journey to the region of the dead!
:Trust to me! I am your father and mother in the Meido,
:Father of all children in the region of the dead."
:And he folds the skirt of his shining robe about them;
:So graciously takes he pity on the infants.
:To those who cannot walk he stretches forth his strong shakujô,
:And he pets the little ones, caresses them, takes them to his loving bosom.
:So graciously he takes pity on the infants.
:Namo Jizo Bosatsu!

== See also ==
* [[Mizuko kuyō]]
* [[Butsu Zone]], a manga in which Jizo is a main character
* [[Mount Jiuhua]], is one of the four sacred mountains of Chinese Buddhism dedicated to Ksitigarbha.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{Google books|nzKQAAAAMAAJ|Jizo Bodhisattva: modern healing & traditional Buddhist practice, by Jan Chozen Bays}}
* {{Google books|rR4cBxpWPRUC|Jizo Bodhisattva: Guardian of Children, Travelers, and Other Voyagers, by Jan Chozen Bays}}
* {{Google books|WpyiqKZISw0C&dq|The Making of a Savior Bodhisattva: Dizang in Medieval China, by Zhiru}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category|Jizo}}
* [http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/jizo1.shtml Jizo Bodhisattva - Photo Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism]
* Jizo Bodhisattva: modern healing and traditional Buddhist practice (ISBN 0-8048-3189-0)
* [http://texts.00.gs/Dizang_cult.htm Dizang text from Dunhuang]
* [http://www.cttbusa.org/ess/earthstore_contents.htm The Earth Store (Treasury) Sutra] is a text on Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva
* [http://www.cttbusa.org/esscommentary/earthstore_contents.htm The Earth Store Sutra] with commentary

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Bodhisattvas}}
{{Chinese Buddhist Pantheon}}
{{Buddhist Pantheon}}

[[Category:Bodhisattvas]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Japan]]
[[Category:Buddhism in China]]
[[Category:Chinese gods]]

[[bg:Кшитигарбха]]
[[cs:Kšitigarbha]]
[[de:Ksitigarbha]]
[[es:Ksitigarbha]]
[[fr:Ksitigarbha]]
[[ko:지장보살]]
[[id:Ksitigarbha]]
[[it:Kṣitigarbha]]
[[ka:ქშიტიგარბჰა]]
[[hu:Dzsizó]]
[[nl:Ksitigarbha]]
[[ja:地蔵菩薩]]
[[pl:Kszitigarbha]]
[[ru:Кшитигарбха]]
[[sv:Ksitigarbha]]
[[ta:இக்சிதிகர்பர்]]
[[th:พระกษิติครรภโพธิสัตว์]]
[[tr:Ksitigarbha]]
[[vi:Địa Tạng Bồ Tát]]
[[zh:地藏菩萨]]

Consumer (food chain)

2012-09-14T10:00:23Z

220.255.2.26:

[[File:Hyena at stolen impala kill.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|[[Spotted hyena]]s eating a dead [[Impala]]. Hyenas are one example of a consumer.]]
'''Consumers''' are organisms of an ecological [[food chain]] that receive their energy by consuming other organisms. These organisms are formally referred to as [[heterotroph]]s, which includes [[animal]]s, [[bacteria]] and [[fungus]]. Such organisms may consume by various means, including [[predation]], [[parasite|parasitization]], and [[biodegradation]].

==Classification==
Consumers are typically viewed as predatory animals such as the wolf and hyena. However, herbivorous animals and parasitic fungus can also be consumers. Some carnivorous plants, like the [[Venus flytrap]], exhibit both characteristics of a consumer and producer and therefore can be classified as both.<ref>{{cite web|title=Venus flytraps' carnivorous ways enable it to do photosynthesis better|url=http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/index.html?quid=1294|publisher=Cornell Center for Materials Research|accessdate=9 February 2012|date=5 March 2008}}</ref>

==Levels==
[[File:FoodWeb.jpg|thumb|right|260 px|Food web showing the organisms and their [[trophic level]]s.]]
{{main|Trophic level}}

Within an ecological food chain, consumers are categorized into three groups: [[primary consumer]]s, [[secondary consumer]]s, and the [[tertiary consumer]]s.<ref>http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/energy/sciber/chains.htm</ref> Primary consumers are usually [[herbivores]], feeding on plants and fungus. Secondary consumers, on the other hand, are mainly [[Carnivore|carnivorous]] and prey other animals. [[Omnivores]], who feed on both plants and animals, can also be considered as a secondary consumer. Tertiary consumers, sometimes also known as an [[apex predator]], are usually on top of a food chain, capable of feeding on secondary consumers and primary consumers. Tertiary consumers can be either fully carnivorous or omnivorous. [[Human]]s are one such example of a tertiary consumer.

==Importance to the ecosystem==
Consumers dominate most of a [[food chain]]. Consumers have important roles to play within an [[ecosystem]] such as balancing the food chain by keeping animal populations at a reasonable number. Without proper balance, an ecosystem can collapse and cause the decline of all affected species.
:D
==See also==
*[[Food web]]
*[[Primary producers]]
*[[Autotroph]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{modelling ecosystems}}

[[Category:Trophic ecology]]

[[et:Konsument]]
[[eu:Kontsumitzaile (kate trofikoak)]]
[[kk:Консументтер]]
[[ht:Konsomatè]]
[[ru:Консументы]]
[[sv:Konsument (biologi)]]
[[tr:Dışbeslek]]
[[uk:Консументи]]
[[zh:异养生物]]

Tang Sanzang

2012-09-09T14:56:13Z

220.255.2.26: /* Historical background */

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2008}}
{{ChineseText}}
[[Image:Xyj-tangseng.jpg|thumb|250px|right| Depiction of Xuanzang]]
[[Image:JourneytotheWest.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The four heroes of ''[[Journey to the West]]'', Xuánzàng on the second from the left, riding on Yulong.]]
{{about|the fictional character in ''[[Journey to the West]]''|the historical Buddhist monk|Xuanzang}}

'''Xuanzang''' ({{zh|c=玄奘|p=Xuánzàng|w=Hsüan-tsang}}) is a central character in the classical Chinese novel ''[[Journey to the West]]''. The character is based on the historical Buddhist monk [[Xuanzang]].

He is mainly referred to as '''Tang Sanzang''' ({{zh|c=唐三藏|p=Táng Sānzàng|w=Tang San-tsang}}) in the novel. The title ''Sanzang'' (literally: "three collections") refers to his mission to seek the ''Sanzangjing'' ({{zh|s=三藏经|t=三藏經|p=Sānzàngjīng}}), or the "Three Collections of (Buddhist) Scriptures". In some English translations of ''Journey to the West'', the title is rendered as '''[[Tripitaka]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]: ''Tripiṭaka''; [[Devanagari]]: त्रिपिटक), which is the original Sanskrit term for the ''Sanzangjing''. He is also widely known as '''Tang Seng''' ({{zh|c=唐僧|p=Táng Sēng|l=Tang monk}}), which is a courtesy name that, like the former name (Tang Sanzang), reflects his status as an oath brother of [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Emperor Taizong]] of the [[Tang Dynasty]].

==Character description==
In the novel, Xuanzang is a Chinese [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]] who had renounced his family to join the [[Sangha]] from childhood. He is actually a [[reincarnation]] of Golden Cicada ({{zh|s=金蝉子|t=金蟬子|p=Jīn Chánzǐ}}), a disciple of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]. He is sent on a mission to [[Names of India#Tianzhu|Tianzhu]] (an ancient Chinese name for India) to fetch a set of Buddhist scriptures back to China for the purpose of spreading Buddhism in his native land. He becomes sworn brothers with [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Emperor Taizong]] of the [[Tang Dynasty]], and the emperor sees him off from the capital [[Chang'an]] and orders two escorts to accompany him.

Xuanzang is helpless in defending himself and his two escorts are killed during his first encounter with demons after his departure from Chang'an. The [[bodhisattva]] [[Avalokiteśvara]] ([[Guanyin]]) helps Xuanzang find three powerful supernatural beings - [[Sun Wukong]], [[Zhu Bajie]] and [[Sha Wujing]] - to aid and protect him on his journey. The three become Xuanzang's disciples and will receive enlightenment and redemption for their past sins once the pilgrimage is complete. Along the journey, Xuanzang is constantly terrorised by monsters and demons because of a legend which says that one can attain immortality by consuming his flesh because he is a reincarnation of a holy being.

==Historical background==
Xuanzang is modeled after the historical [[Tang Dynasty]] [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]] [[Xuanzang|of the same name]], whose life was the book's inspiration; the real Xuanzang made a perilous journey on foot from China to India (and back) to obtain Buddhist [[sutra]]s.

In contrast to the historical Xuanzang, a wise and learned scholar (he was in his late 20s when he left for India), the fictional Xuanzang is presented as a young monk who is extremely naive, showing idealistic compassion without wisdom. Xuanzang is usually quick to fall for the facades of demons who have disguised themselves as innocent humans, whereas [[Sun Wukong]] can see through them with his magic powers (specifically a special sort of eyesight that sees through the said disguises). This frequently leads to tension when Sun Wukong attacks and kills apparently innocent humans when the demon has in fact simply abandoned the corpse and run away. One such popular instance was when the [[Bai Gu Jing|White Bone Demon]] (白骨夫人, Chinese: ''Bai Gu Fu Ren'') disguised three times as family members — first, a young woman. After Wukong "killed" the woman, the demon escaped, but Wukong was punished by Xuanzang for it. The second was the young woman's elderly mother, looking for her daughter. The third was the young woman's elderly father, searching for his wife and child. Upon the "death" of the father by Wukong's hands, Wukong finally killed the demon before she got away. Xuanzang, convinced that Wukong had actually killed three innocent people, sent him away, despite protests. Xuanzang usually punishes him by chanting the words of the ''headache spell'' (緊箍咒) given to Xuanzang by the [[bodhisattva]] [[Avalokiteśvara]] ([[Guanyin]]) to control Wukong, which causes the latter's headband to contract and give him acute headaches.

As Sun Wukong is often worshiped as a protector god, so is Xuanzang. [[Ksitigarbha]], a highly-revered bodhisattva in [[East Asian Buddhism]], is occasionally mistaken for Xuanzang because the former is often portrayed like Xuanzang - dressed in a similarly-patterned [[Kasaya (clothing)|kasaya]], wearing a Buddhist crown, and wielding a [[khakkhara]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xuanzang (Mythology)}}
[[Category:Chinese mythology]]
[[Category:Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Journey to the West characters]]
[[Category:Fictional Chinese people in literature]]
[[Category:Monomyths]]

[[bo:ཞོན་ཙང་། (ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་བསྐྱོད་པའི་རྣམ་ཐར།)]]
[[ca:Xuanzang (personatge de ficció)]]
[[it:Sanzang]]

Tariq Sims

2012-09-09T14:22:37Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Infobox rugby league biography
|name = Tariq Sims
|fullname =
|nickname =
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|2|9|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Gerringong, New South Wales]], [[Australia]]
|height = {{convert|193|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}
|weight = {{convert|106|kg|stlb|abbr=on}}
|position = {{rlp|SR|PR}}
|club1 = [[North Queensland Cowboys|Nth Qld Cowboys]]
|year1start = 2011
|year1end = present
|appearances1 = 27
|tries1 = 6
|goals1 = 0
|fieldgoals1 = 0
|points1 = 24
|teamA = [[City vs Country Origin|Country Origin]]
|yearAstart = 2012
|yearAend =
|appearancesA = 1
|triesA = 2
|goalsA = 0
|fieldgoalsA = 0
|pointsA = 8
|updated = 30 October 2011
|source = [http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/tariq-sims/summary.html RLP], [http://www.webcitation.org/62oXtuooi Cowboys]
}}
'''Tariq Sims''' (born 9 February 1990, in [[Gerringong, New South Wales]]) is an Australian rugby league player. He plays for the [[North Queensland Cowboys]] in the [[National Rugby League]] (NRL). He plays as a [[rugby league positions#Second-row forward|second-rower]] or a [[rugby league positions#Prop|prop]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cowboys.com.au/default.aspx?s=player-profile-display&id=3557&player=tariq-sims&team=Cowboys|title=Tariq Sims: Player profile|work=www.cowboys.com.au|publisher=[[North Queensland Cowboys]]|accessdate=30 October 2011|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62oXtuooi|archivedate=30 October 2011}}</ref> Tariq has 2 brothers that also play [[rugby league]], his older brother [[Ashton Sims|Ashton]] who plays with him at the Cowboys, and his younger brother [[Korbin Sims|Korbin]] who plays for the [[Newcastle Knights]]. He is of [[Fijian]] descent through his mother.

==Early career==
Sims played junior football in his home town of [[Gerringong, New South Wales]], before moving to [[Queensland]], where he played in the [[National Youth Competition (rugby league)|NYC]] for the [[Brisbane Broncos]] from 2008 to 2010. He was initially a [[rugby league positions#wings|winger]], but was told by the Broncos to put on weight and turned into a forward.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/brisbane-broncos-coach-anthony-griffin-gave-tariq-sims-the-advice-that-has-helped-make-him-a-star/story-e6frexnr-1226113472758|title=Brisbane Broncos coach Anthony Griffin gave Tariq Sims the advice that has helped make him a star|last=Badel|first=Peter|date=12 August 2011|work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]]|accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> His brothers [[Korbin Sims|Korbin]] and [[Ashton Sims|Ashton]] both played with him at the Broncos at the same time, Ashton was a member of the first-grade squad, while Korbin played NYC with him. Tariq was the 2010 Toyota Cup season's player of the year, but he left the Broncos without playing a first-grade match. He and Ashton joined the [[North Queensland Cowboys]] for the 2011 season. Upon leaving the Broncos, he praised the club's youth system for his development as a player, saying that he was leaving only to get the opportunity to play first-grade football.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/sport/tariq-sims-tells-darren-lockyer-to-watch-out/story-e6frg7mf-1226113361833|title=Tariq Sims tells Darren Lockyer to watch out|last=McDonald|first=Margie|date=12 August 2011|work=[[The Australian]]|accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref>

==North Queensland Cowboys==
Sims made his NRL debut in the second round of the 2011 season, against the [[Newcastle Knights]]. His season ended in August, when he broke his leg in a match against the [[Cronulla Sharks]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/sport/nrl/tariq-sims-breaks-leg-in-north-queensland-cowboys-win-over-cronulla-sharks/story-e6frep5x-1226123566348|title=Cowboys' Tariq Sims out for NRL season after breaking leg in win over Sharks|last=Badel|first=Peter|date=28 August 2011|work=[[The Sunday Mail (Brisbane)]]|accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> Despite his curtailed season, he was a finalist in the best rookie and best second-rower categories of the [[Dally M Awards]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cowboys.com.au/default.aspx?s=article-display&id=44348&title=cowboy-of-the-year-%E2%80%93-our-main-contenders|title=Cowboy of the Year – our main contenders|date=7 October 2011|work=www.cowboys.com.au|accessdate=30 October 2011|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62oWTlDlq|archivedate=30 October 2011}}</ref> During the year, he was invited to join the [[New South Wales rugby league team|New South Wales]] [[State of Origin]] team during training.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/nrl/tariq-sims-revolutionary-weight-gain-diet/story-e6frfgbo-1226119987728|title=Tariq Sims' revolutionary weight-gain diet|last=Badel|first=Peter|date=23 August 2011|work=[[Herald Sun]]|accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> After the season, he was shortlisted for the [[Rugby League International Federation]]'s Second Rower of the Year award.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/rugby-league-news/marshall-vying-second-golden-boot-4496808?ref=rss|title=Marshall vying for second Golden Boot|date=2 November 2011|work=[[TVNZ]]|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
{{North Queensland Cowboys squad}}
{{2010 National Youth Competition Team of the Year}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Sims, Tariq
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Australian rugby league player
| DATE OF BIRTH = 9 February 1990
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Gerringong, New South Wales]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sims, Tariq}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Australian people of Fijian descent]]
[[Category:Australian rugby league players]]
[[Category:New South Wales Country Origin rugby league team players]]
[[Category:Brisbane Broncos players]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Tang Sanzang

2012-09-09T14:11:07Z

220.255.2.26:

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2008}}
{{ChineseText}}
[[Image:Xyj-tangseng.jpg|thumb|250px|right| Depiction of Xuanzang]]
[[Image:JourneytotheWest.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The four heroes of ''[[Journey to the West]]'', Xuánzàng on the second from the left, riding on Yulong.]]
{{about|the fictional character in ''[[Journey to the West]]''|the historical Buddhist monk|Xuanzang}}

'''Xuanzang''' ({{zh|c=玄奘|p=Xuánzàng|w=Hsüan-tsang}}) is a central character in the classical Chinese novel ''[[Journey to the West]]''. The character is based on the historical Buddhist monk [[Xuanzang]].

He is mainly referred to as '''Tang Sanzang''' ({{zh|c=唐三藏|p=Táng Sānzàng|w=Tang San-tsang}}) in the novel. The title ''Sanzang'' (literally: "three collections") refers to his mission to seek the ''Sanzangjing'' ({{zh|s=三藏经|t=三藏經|p=Sānzàngjīng}}), or the "Three Collections of (Buddhist) Scriptures". In some English translations of ''Journey to the West'', the title is rendered as '''[[Tripitaka]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]: ''Tripiṭaka''; [[Devanagari]]: त्रिपिटक), which is the original Sanskrit term for the ''Sanzangjing''. He is also widely known as '''Tang Seng''' ({{zh|c=唐僧|p=Táng Sēng|l=Tang monk}}), which is a courtesy name that, like the former name (Tang Sanzang), reflects his status as an oath brother of [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Emperor Taizong]] of the [[Tang Dynasty]].

==Character==
In the story, he is constantly terrorized by monsters and demons because of a legend that they would obtain immortality by eating the flesh of a holy man. While he is a pacifist who has no fighting ability of his own, he is flanked by his three powerful disciples - [[Sun Wukong]], [[Zhu Bajie]], and [[Sha Wujing]] - themselves "monsters" who have vowed to protect him on his journey in order to atone for their sins in Heaven; while the heavenly origins of Wukong are up for debate, both Bajie and Wujing (and even the horse on which Xuanzang rides) were once minor deities in Heaven who were cast to Earth for their wrongdoings.

==Historical background==
Xuanzang is modeled after the historical [[Tang Dynasty]] [[Buddhist]] monk [[Xuanzang|of the same name]], whose life was the book's inspiration; the real Xuanzang made a perilous journey on foot from [[China]] to [[History of India|India]] (and back again) to obtain Buddhist [[sutra]]s.

In contrast to the real Xuanzang, who was a wise and learned scholar (he was in his late 20s when he left for India), Xuanzang is presented as a young boy monk who is extremely naive, showing idealistic compassion without wisdom. Xuanzang is usually quick to fall for the facades of demons who have disguised themselves as innocent humans, whereas Sun Wukong can see through them with his magic powers (specifically a special sort of eyesight that sees through the said disguises). This frequently leads to tension when Sun Wukong attacks and kills apparently innocent humans when the demon has in fact simply abandoned the corpse and run away. One such popular instance was when the [[Bai Gu Jing|White Bone Demon]] (白骨夫人, Chinese: ''Bai Gu Fu Ren'') disguised three times as family members—first, a young woman. After Wukong "killed" the woman, the demon escaped, but Wukong was punished by Xuanzang for it. The second was the young woman's elderly mother, looking for her daughter. The third was the young woman's elderly father, searching for his wife and child. Upon the "death" of the father by Wukong's hands, Wukong finally killed the demon before she got away. Xuanzang, convinced that Wukong had actually killed three family members, sent him away, despite protests. Xuanzang usually punishes him by chanting the words of the ''headache spell'' (緊箍咒) given to Xuanzang by [[Guanyin]] to control Wukong, which causes the latter's headband to contract and give him acute headaches.

As Sun Wukong is often worshiped as a protector god, so is Xuanzang. Also, [[Ksitigarbha]], a [[bodhisattva]] in Buddhism, is occasionally mistaken for Xuanzang due to the fact that Ksitigarbha is often portrayed like Xuanzang, with the robes, crown and staff of a monk.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xuanzang (Mythology)}}
[[Category:Chinese mythology]]
[[Category:Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Journey to the West characters]]
[[Category:Fictional Chinese people in literature]]
[[Category:Monomyths]]

[[bo:ཞོན་ཙང་། (ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་བསྐྱོད་པའི་རྣམ་ཐར།)]]
[[ca:Xuanzang (personatge de ficció)]]
[[it:Sanzang]]

List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players

2012-09-08T19:27:54Z

220.255.2.26:

[[File:Pete Sampras.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A tennis player holds a racket in his hand and prepares to serve|[[Pete Sampras]] holds the record of six year-end number ones, which were in consecutive years from 1993 through 1998.]]

[[File:Roger Federer (26 June 2009, Wimbledon) 2 new.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A tennis player holds a racket in his hand|[[Roger Federer]], current World No. 1, has spent a total of 294 weeks and 237 consecutive weeks at the top of the [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP rankings]], the most of any player.]]
{{About|number-one ranked male tennis players since 1973|all-time number-one ranked players|World-number-one male tennis-player rankings|players with highest rank of 2–5|ATP Rankings#Players with highest rank 2–5}}

The [[ATP Rankings]] are the [[Association of Tennis Professionals]]' (ATP) merit-based method for determining the rankings in men's tennis. The top-ranked player is the player who, over the previous 52 weeks, has garnered the most ATP ranking points. Points are awarded based on how far a player advances in tournaments and the category of those tournaments. The ATP has used a computerized system for determining the [[World number one male tennis player rankings|rankings]] since 23 August 1973.<ref>{{cite web|title=How It All Began|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/corporate/history.aspx|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|accessdate=July 20, 2012}}</ref> An updated rankings list is released at the beginning of each week.

Since the introduction of the ATP rankings the method used to calculate a player's ranking points has changed several times. As of 2011, the rankings are calculated by totaling the points a player wins in his best eighteen tournaments, subject to certain restrictions. For top players the counting tournaments are the four [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] tournaments, the eight mandatory [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000]] tournaments, the player's best four eligible [[ATP World Tour 500 series]] tournaments (the non-mandatory ATP Masters 1000 event in [[Monte Carlo Masters|Monte Carlo]] may be substituted for one of these), and his best two results from [[ATP World Tour 250 series]]. Lower-ranked players who are not eligible for some or all of the top tournaments may include additional ATP 500 and ATP 250 events, and also [[ATP Challenger Series]], and Futures Series tournaments. The ranking points of players who qualify for the year-end [[ATP World Tour Finals]] also include any points gained at that tournament, increasing their counting tournament total to nineteen.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx|title=ATP Ranking and Race Frequently Asked Questions|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|accessdate=June 11, 2009}}</ref>

Since 1973, 25 men have been ranked number 1 by the ATP.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx|title=ATP Rankings|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|accessdate= June 11, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.itftennis.com/mens/startingout/rankrules.asp|title=ITF Tennis – How the Rankings Work|publisher=[[International Tennis Federation]]|date=August 27, 2003|accessdate = June 11, 2009}}</ref> [[Roger Federer]] holds the record for the most total weeks at number 1 (294) and most consecutive weeks at number 1 (237).<ref name="History of No. 1">{{cite web|title=History of No. 1|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/DEUCE-Tennis/Federer-No1/History-Of-Number-1.aspx|date=July 12, 2012|accessdate=July 21, 2012}}</ref> [[Pete Sampras]] holds the record for the most year-end number 1 (six, all consecutive).<ref>{{cite web|title=Pete Sampras – Career Highlights|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Sa/P/Pete-Sampras.aspx|accessdate=July 21, 2012|quote=Became first player in ATP Rankings history to finish No. 1 for six consecutive years.}}</ref><ref name="Sampras 6">{{cite news|title=Plus: Tennis — ATP Tour World Championship; Sampras Is Assured Of No. 1 Ranking|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/27/sports/plus-tennis-atp-tour-world-championship-sampras-is-assured-of-no-1-ranking.html|date=November 27, 1998|accessdate=September 5, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Two players, [[Ivan Lendl]] and [[Marcelo Ríos]], have reached number 1 without previously having won a [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] tournament.<ref name="Rios No. 1"/> Lendl reached number 1 on February 21, 1983, but did not win his first Grand Slam title until the [[1984 French Open]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1122186/index.htm|title=Worthy of really high fives|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]|publisher=CNN|date=June 18, 1984|accessdate=June 11, 2009}}</ref> Rios reached number 1 on March 30, 1998 and is the only number 1 player who never won a Grand Slam singles title.<ref>{{cite news|first=Steve|last=Wilstein|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/tennis/longterm/1998/ausopen/articles/launch/menfinal.htm|title=Korda takes Australian Open title|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 1, 1998|accessdate=June 11, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=10005756|title=Player biography – Marcelo Ríos|publisher=[[International Tennis Federation]]|accessdate=June 11, 2009}}</ref> [[Patrick Rafter]] spent the fewest weeks at number 1 (one week). [[Lleyton Hewitt]] is both the youngest world number 1 (20 years, 268 days) and youngest year-end number 1,<ref name="Hewitt">{{cite web|title= Lleyton Hewitt – Career Highlights|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Lleyton-Hewitt.aspx|accessdate=July 21, 2012|quote=[Y]oungest player (20 yrs., 8 mos.)...to finish No. 1 in history of ATP Rankings.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lleyton Hewitt|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/1677239.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=22 May 2012}}</ref> while [[Ivan Lendl]] is the oldest year-end number 1 (29 years, 299 days). [[Andre Agassi]] is the oldest number 1 (33 years, 131 days).<ref>{{cite web|title=Federer Rises Above|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/DEUCE-Tennis/Federer-No1/Federer-No1-Tribute.aspx|first=James|last=Buddell|location=London|date=July 16, 2012|accessdate=July 16, 2012|publisher=ATP World Tour|quote=Andre Agassi, who remains the oldest player to have been No. 1 in the South African Airways ATP Rankings, at 33 years and 131 days in 2003, proved to be a great inspiration.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/us_open_2003/3114349.stm|title=Andre Agassi|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=August 19, 2003|accessdate=June 11, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/09/07/940546.htm|title=Agassi out, Ferrero world number one|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=September 7, 2003|accessdate=July 28, 2009}}</ref>

==Number 1 ranked players==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Key
!scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#add8e6;"|*
|Current number 1 player as of September 3, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx|title=Singles Rankings|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|accessdate=June 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/rankings/alltime |title=Tennis Rankings World No. 1s |publisher=CBSSports.com|accessdate=June 8, 2012}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffbb"|{{dagger}}
|All-time record<ref name="History of No. 1"/>
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|#
!scope="col" width=70|Country
!scope="col" width=185|Player
!scope="col" width=140|Start date
!scope="col" width=140|End date
!scope="col"|Number of weeks
!scope="col"|Accumulated total
|-
|align=center|1||{{flag|ROU|1965}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Ilie|Nastase}}
|{{dts|link=off|1973|8|23}}||{{dts|link=off|1974|6|2}}||40||'''40
|-
|align=center|2||{{flag|AUS}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Newcombe}}
|{{dts|link=off|1974|6|3}}||{{dts|link=off|1974|7|28}}||8||'''8
|-
|align=center|3||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}}
|{{dts|link=off|1974|7|29}}||{{dts|link=off|1977|8|22}}||160||160
|-
|align=center|4||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Björn|Borg}}
|{{dts|link=off|1977|8|23}}||{{dts|link=off|1977|8|29}}||1||1
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1977|8|30}}||{{dts|link=off|1979|4|8}}||84||244
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Björn Borg (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1979|4|9}}||{{dts|link=off|1979|5|20}}||6||7
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1979|5|21}}||{{dts|link=off|1979|7|8}}||7||251
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Björn Borg (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1979|7|9}}||{{dts|link=off|1980|3|2}}||34||41
|-
|align=center|5||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|John|McEnroe}}
|{{dts|link=off|1980|3|3}}||{{dts|link=off|1980|3|23}}||3||3
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Björn Borg (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1980|3|24}}||{{dts|link=off|1980|8|10}}||20||61
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1980|8|11}}||{{dts|link=off|1980|8|17}}||1||4
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Björn Borg (5)
|{{dts|link=off|1980|8|18}}||{{dts|link=off|1981|7|5}}||46||107
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1981|7|6}}||{{dts|link=off|1981|7|19}}||2||6
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Björn Borg (6)
|{{dts|link=off|1981|7|20}}||{{dts|link=off|1981|8|2}}||2||'''109
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1981|8|3}}||{{dts|link=off|1982|9|12}}||58||64
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1982|9|13}}||{{dts|link=off|1982|10|31}}||7||258
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (5)
|{{dts|link=off|1982|11|1}}||{{dts|link=off|1982|11|7}}||1||65
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (5)
|{{dts|link=off|1982|11|8}}||{{dts|link=off|1982|11|14}}||1||259
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (6)
|{{dts|link=off|1982|11|15}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|1|30}}||11||76
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (6)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|1|31}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|2|6}}||1||260
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (7)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|2|7}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|2|13}}||1||77
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (7)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|2|14}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|2|27}}||2||262
|-
|align=center|6||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}}
|{{dts|link=off|1983|2|28}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|5|15}}||11||11
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (8)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|5|16}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|6|5}}||3||265
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (8)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|6|6}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|6|12}}||1||78
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jimmy Connors (9)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|6|13}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|7|3}}||3||'''268
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (9)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|7|4}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|10|30}}||17||95
|-
|||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|Ivan Lendl (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|10|31}}||{{dts|link=off|1983|12|11}}||6||17
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (10)
|{{dts|link=off|1983|12|12}}||{{dts|link=off|1984|1|8}}||4||99
|-
|||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|Ivan Lendl (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1984|1|9}}||{{dts|link=off|1984|3|11}}||9||26
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (11)
|{{dts|link=off|1984|3|12}}||{{dts|link=off|1984|6|10}}||13||112
|-
|||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|Ivan Lendl (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1984|6|11}}||{{dts|link=off|1984|6|17}}||1||27
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (12)
|{{dts|link=off|1984|6|18}}||{{dts|link=off|1984|7|8}}||3||115
|-
|||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|Ivan Lendl (5)
|{{dts|link=off|1984|7|9}}||{{dts|link=off|1984|8|12}}||5||32
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (13)
|{{dts|link=off|1984|8|13}}||{{dts|link=off|1985|8|18}}||53||168
|-
|||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|Ivan Lendl (6)
|{{dts|link=off|1985|8|19}}||{{dts|link=off|1985|8|25}}||1||33
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|John McEnroe (14)
|{{dts|link=off|1985|8|26}}||{{dts|link=off|1985|9|8}}||2||'''170
|-
|||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|Ivan Lendl (7)
|{{dts|link=off|1985|9|9}}||{{dts|link=off|1988|9|11}}||157||190
|-
|align=center|7||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Mats|Wilander}}
|{{dts|link=off|1988|9|12}}||{{dts|link=off|1989|1|29}}||20||'''20
|-
|||{{flag|TCH}}
!scope="row"|Ivan Lendl (8)
|{{dts|link=off|1989|1|30}}||{{dts|link=off|1990|8|12}}||80||'''270
|-
|align=center|8||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Stefan|Edberg}}
|{{dts|link=off|1990|8|13}}||{{dts|link=off|1991|1|27}}||24||24
|-
|align=center|9||{{flag|GER}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Boris|Becker}}
|{{dts|link=off|1991|1|28}}||{{dts|link=off|1991|2|17}}||3||3
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Stefan Edberg (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1991|2|18}}||{{dts|link=off|1991|7|7}}||20||44
|-
|||{{flag|GER}}
!scope="row"|Boris Becker (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1991|7|8}}||{{dts|link=off|1991|9|8}}||9||'''12
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Stefan Edberg (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1991|9|9}}||{{dts|link=off|1992|2|9}}||22||66
|-
|align=center|10||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Jim|Courier}}
|{{dts|link=off|1992|2|10}}||{{dts|link=off|1992|3|22}}||6||6
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Stefan Edberg (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1992|3|23}}||{{dts|link=off|1992|4|12}}||3||69
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jim Courier (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1992|4|13}}||{{dts|link=off|1992|9|13}}||22||28
|-
|||{{flag|SWE}}
!scope="row"|Stefan Edberg (5)
|{{dts|link=off|1992|9|14}}||{{dts|link=off|1992|10|4}}||3||'''72
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jim Courier (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1992|10|5}}||{{dts|link=off|1993|4|11}}||27||55
|-
|align=center|11||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Pete|Sampras}}
|{{dts|link=off|1993|4|12}}||{{dts|link=off|1993|8|22}}||19||19
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Jim Courier (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1993|8|23}}||{{dts|link=off|1993|9|12}}||3||'''58
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1993|9|13}}||{{dts|link=off|1995|4|9}}||82||101
|-
|align=center|12||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Andre|Agassi}}
|{{dts|link=off|1995|4|10}}||{{dts|link=off|1995|11|5}}||30||30
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1995|11|6}}||{{dts|link=off|1996|1|28}}||12||113
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Andre Agassi (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1996|1|29}}||{{dts|link=off|1996|2|11}}||2||32
|-
|align=center|13||{{flag|AUT}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Thomas|Muster}}
|{{dts|link=off|1996|2|12}}||{{dts|link=off|1996|2|18}}||1||1
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1996|2|19}}||{{dts|link=off|1996|3|10}}||3||116
|-
|||{{flag|AUT}}
!scope="row"|Thomas Muster (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1996|3|11}}||{{dts|link=off|1996|4|14}}||5||'''6
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (5)
|{{dts|link=off|1996|4|15}}||{{dts|link=off|1998|3|29}}||102||218
|-
|align=center|14||{{flag|CHI}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Marcelo|Ríos}}
|{{dts|link=off|1998|3|30}}||{{dts|link=off|1998|4|26}}||4||4
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (6)
|{{dts|link=off|1998|4|27}}||{{dts|link=off|1998|8|9}}||15||233
|-
|||{{flag|CHI}}
!scope="row"|Marcelo Ríos (2)
|{{dts|link=off|1998|8|10}}||{{dts|link=off|1998|8|23}}||2||'''6
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (7)
|{{dts|link=off|1998|8|24}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|3|14}}||29||262
|-
|align=center|15||{{flag|ESP}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Carlos|Moyà}}
|{{dts|link=off|1999|3|15}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|3|28}}||2||'''2
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (8)
|{{dts|link=off|1999|3|29}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|5|2}}||5||267
|-
|align=center|16||{{flag|RUS}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Yevgeny|Kafelnikov}}
|{{dts|link=off|1999|5|3}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|6|13}}||6||'''6
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (9)
|{{dts|link=off|1999|6|14}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|7|4}}||3||270
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Andre Agassi (3)
|{{dts|link=off|1999|7|5}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|7|25}}||3||35
|-
|align=center|17||{{flag|AUS}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Patrick|Rafter}}
|{{dts|link=off|1999|7|26}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|8|1}}||1||'''1
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (10)
|{{dts|link=off|1999|8|2}}||{{dts|link=off|1999|9|12}}||6||276
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Andre Agassi (4)
|{{dts|link=off|1999|9|13}}||{{dts|link=off|2000|9|10}}||52||87
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Pete Sampras (11)
|{{dts|link=off|2000|9|11}}||{{dts|link=off|2000|11|19}}||10||'''286
|-
|align=center|18||{{flag|RUS}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Marat|Safin}}
|{{dts|link=off|2000|11|20}}||{{dts|link=off|2000|12|3}}||2||2
|-
|align=center|19||{{flag|BRA}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Gustavo|Kuerten}}
|{{dts|link=off|2000|12|4}}||{{dts|link=off|2001|1|28}}||8||8
|-
|||{{flag|RUS}}
!scope="row"|Marat Safin (2)
|{{dts|link=off|2001|1|29}}||{{dts|link=off|2001|2|25}}||4||6
|-
|||{{flag|BRA}}
!scope="row"|Gustavo Kuerten (2)
|{{dts|link=off|2001|2|26}}||{{dts|link=off|2001|4|1}}||5||13
|-
|||{{flag|RUS}}
!scope="row"|Marat Safin (3)
|{{dts|link=off|2001|4|2}}||{{dts|link=off|2001|4|22}}||3||'''9
|-
|||{{flag|BRA}}
!scope="row"|Gustavo Kuerten (3)
|{{dts|link=off|2001|4|23}}||{{dts|link=off|2001|11|18}}||30||'''43
|-
|align=center|20||{{flag|AUS}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Lleyton|Hewitt}}
|{{dts|link=off|2001|11|19}}||{{dts|link=off|2003|4|27}}||75||75
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Andre Agassi (5)
|{{dts|link=off|2003|4|28}}||{{dts|link=off|2003|5|11}}||2||89
|-
|||{{flag|AUS}}
!scope="row"|Lleyton Hewitt (2)
|{{dts|link=off|2003|5|12}}||{{dts|link=off|2003|6|15}}||5||'''80
|-
|||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|Andre Agassi (6)
|{{dts|link=off|2003|6|16}}||{{dts|link=off|2003|9|7}}||12||'''101
|-
|align=center|21||{{flag|ESP}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Juan Carlos|Ferrero}}
|{{dts|link=off|2003|9|8}}||{{dts|link=off|2003|11|2}}||8||'''8
|-
|align=center|22||{{flag|USA}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Andy|Roddick}}
|{{dts|link=off|2003|11|3}}||{{dts|link=off|2004|2|1}}||13||'''13
|-
|align=center|23||{{flag|SUI}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Roger|Federer}}
|{{dts|link=off|2004|2|2}}||{{dts|link=off|2008|8|17}}||style="background:#ffffbb"|237{{sup|{{dagger}}}}||237
|-
|align=center|24||{{flag|ESP}}
!scope="row"|{{sortname|Rafael|Nadal}}
|{{dts|link=off|2008|8|18}}||{{dts|link=off|2009|07|5}}||46||46
|-
|||{{flag|SUI}}
!scope="row"|Roger Federer (2)
|{{dts|link=off|2009|07|6}}||{{dts|link=off|2010|06|6}}||48||285
|-
|||{{flag|ESP}}
!scope="row"|Rafael Nadal (2)
|{{dts|link=off|2010|06|7}}||{{dts|link=off|2011|07|3}}||56||'''102'''
|-
|align=center|25||{{flag|SRB}}
!scope="row"|[[Novak Djokovic]]
|{{dts|link=off|2011|07|4}}||{{dts|link=off|2012|07|8}}||53||'''53
|-
|||{{flag|SUI}}
!scope="row" style="background:lightblue;" sortname|Roger Federer (3)*
|{{dts|link=off|2012|07|9}}||Present||9||style="background:#ffffbb"|'''294'''{{sup|{{dagger}}}}
|}

==Weeks at number 1==
[[File:Jimmy Connors cropped.jpg|right|thumb|upright|alt=A man wearing white clothes swinging a tennis racket|[[Jimmy Connors]] spent a total of 268 weeks at number 1, including 160 consecutive weeks (a record he held for 30 years before being overtaken by Roger Federer in 2007).]]

The table on the left shows the total number of weeks that each player has been ranked number 1 in their career by the ATP.<ref name="History of No. 1"/>

The table on the right shows the number of consecutive weeks each player has been ranked number 1 by the ATP.<ref name="History of No. 1"/>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Key
!scope="row" style="text-align:center"|'''Bold
|The current World No. 1 player
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center"|{{small|(1)}}
|Rank by length of this streak compared to this player's other turns as ATP number 1
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#add8e6;"|*
|Active streak as of September 3, 2012
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#ddfddd;"|{{double-dagger}}
|Active players
|}

{|
|- valign=top
|
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Rank
!scope="col" style="width:200px;"|Player
!scope="col" width=100|Total
|-
|1.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|SUI}} '''{{sortname|Roger|Federer}}'''{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}}
|bgcolor=ADD8E5|294*
|-
|2.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}}
|286
|-
|3.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|CZE}} {{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}}
|270
|-
|4.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}}
|268
|-
|5.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|John|McEnroe}}
|170
|-
|6.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Björn|Borg}}
|109
|-
|7.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|ESP}} {{sortname|Rafael|Nadal}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}}
|102
|-
|8.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Andre|Agassi}}
|101
|-
|9.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{sortname|Lleyton|Hewitt}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}}
|80
|-
|10.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Stefan|Edberg}}
|72
|-
|11.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jim|Courier}}
|58
|-
|12.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|SRB}} {{sortname|Novak|Djokovic}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}}
|53
|-
|13.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} {{sortname|Gustavo|Kuerten}}
|43
|-
|14.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ROM|1965}} {{sortname|Ilie|Năstase}}
|40
|-
|15.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Mats|Wilander}}
|20
|-
|16.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Andy|Roddick}}
|13
|-
|17.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|GER}} {{sortname|Boris|Becker}}
|12
|-
|18.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|RUS}} {{sortname|Marat|Safin}}
|9
|-
|19.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} {{sortname|Juan Carlos|Ferrero}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}}}}
|8
|-
|=
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{sortname|John|Newcombe}}
|8
|-
|21.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|RUS}} {{sortname|Yevgeny|Kafelnikov}}
|6
|-
|=
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|AUT}} {{sortname|Thomas|Muster}}
|6
|-
|=
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|CHI}} {{sortname|Marcelo|Ríos}}
|6
|-
|24.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} {{sortname|Carlos|Moyá}}
|2
|-
|25.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{sortname|Patrick|Rafter}}
|1
|}
|
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Rank
!scope="col" style="width:200px;"|Player
!scope="col" width=100|Consecutive
|-
|1.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|SUI}} {{sortname|Roger|Federer}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}} {{small|(1)}}
|237
|-
|2.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}} {{small|(1)}}
|160
|-
|3.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|CZE}} {{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}} {{small|(1)}}
|157
|-
|4.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}} {{small|(1)}}
|102
|-
|5.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}} {{small|(2)}}
|84
|-
|6.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}} {{small|(2)}}
|82
|-
|7.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|CZE}} {{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}} {{small|(2)}}
|80
|-
|8.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{sortname|Lleyton|Hewitt}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}} {{small|(1)}}
|75
|-
|9.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|John|McEnroe}} {{small|(1)}}
|58
|-
|10.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|ESP}} {{sortname|Rafael|Nadal}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}} {{small|(1)}}
|56
|-
|11.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|John|McEnroe}} {{small|(2)}}
|53
|-
|=
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|SRB}} {{sortname|Novak|Djokovic}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}} {{small|(1)}}
|53
|-
|13.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Andre|Agassi}} {{small|(1)}}
|52
|-
|14.
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|SUI}} {{sortname|Roger|Federer}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}} {{small|(2)}}}}
|48
|-
|15.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Björn|Borg}} {{small|(1)}}
|46
|-
|=
!scope="row" style="background-color: #DDFDDD"|{{flagicon|ESP}} {{sortname|Rafael|Nadal}}{{sup|{{double-dagger}}}} {{small|(2)}}
|46
|-
|17.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ROM|1965}} {{sortname|Ilie|Năstase}} {{small|(1)}}
|40
|-
|18.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Björn|Borg}} {{small|(2)}}
|34
|-
|19.
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Andre|Agassi}} {{small|(2)}}
|30
|-
|=
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} {{sortname|Gustavo|Kuerten}} {{small|(1)}}
|30
|-
|}
|}

==Players by country==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Rank
!scope="col" style="width:150px;"|Country
!scope="col"|# of players
!scope="col"|# of weeks
!scope="col"|Players
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
|1.
!scope="row"|{{USA}}
|6||896||[[Jimmy Connors]], [[John McEnroe]], [[Jim Courier]], [[Pete Sampras]], [[Andre Agassi]], [[Andy Roddick]]
|<ref name="country">{{cite web|title=Djokovic Becomes 25th Player In History To Rise To No. 1|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2011/07/Features/Djokovic-Ascends-To-No-1.aspx|date=July 4, 2011|accessdate=September 6, 2012|publisher=ATP World Tour}}</ref>
|-
|2.
!scope="row"|{{SUI}}
|1||294||'''[[Roger Federer]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|3.
!scope="row"|{{TCH}}
|1||270||[[Ivan Lendl]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|4.
!scope="row"|{{SWE}}
|3||201||[[Björn Borg]], [[Mats Wilander]], [[Stefan Edberg]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|5.
!scope="row"|{{ESP}}
|3||112||[[Carlos Moyá]], '''[[Juan Carlos Ferrero]]''', '''[[Rafael Nadal]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|6.
!scope="row"|{{AUS}}
|3||89||[[John Newcombe]], [[Patrick Rafter]], '''[[Lleyton Hewitt]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|7.
!scope="row"|{{SRB}}
|1||53||'''[[Novak Djokovic]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|8.
!scope="row"|{{BRA}}
|1||43||[[Gustavo Kuerten]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|9.
!scope="row"|{{ROM}}
|1||40||[[Ilie Năstase]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|10.
!scope="row"|{{RUS}}
|2||15||[[Yevgeny Kafelnikov]], [[Marat Safin]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|11.
!scope="row"|{{GER}}
|1||12||[[Boris Becker]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|12.
!scope="row"|{{AUT}}
|1||6||[[Thomas Muster]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|-
|12.
!scope="row"|{{CHI}}
|1||6||[[Marcelo Ríos]]
|<ref name="country"/>
|}

Active players are in '''bold.'''

==Year-end number 1==
[[File:John McEnroe demonstrating his swing.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A man in a grey suit with a pink tie, with his hand out in front|[[John McEnroe]] finished the year as the number 1-ranked player for four consecutive years from 1981 to 1984.]]
[[File:Hewitt 2006 US Open.jpg|right|upright|thumb|alt=Lleyton Hewitt hitting a tennis ball|[[Lleyton Hewitt]] at age 20 became the youngest player to hold the world number 1 ranking. He obtained this in November 2001.]]
[[File:Novak Djokovic AO win 2011.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Novak Djokovic]] is the most recent player end the year as No. 1.]]

The year-end number 1 ranked player is determined as the player at the head of the ATP rankings following the completion of the final tournament of the calendar year, usually in November or December. [[Pete Sampras]] holds the record of six year-end number ones, which were in consecutive years from 1993 through 1998.

Only five players have stayed at number 1 in the rankings every week of a calendar year. Federer is the only player to have been ranked number 1 every week for three consecutive calendar years.

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Key
!scope="row" style="text-align:center"|{{small|(1)}}
|Cumulative number of times as year-end number 1
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"|§
|Ranked number 1 during every week of the calendar year
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col" style="width:200px;"|Player
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|Ref(s)
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1973
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ROU|1965}} {{sortname|Ilie|Năstase}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nastase, Vilas, Cooper to enter Tennis Hall of Fame|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1320&dat=19910327&id=sEBWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=S-oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5956,9379556|date=March 27, 1991|page=2C|accessdate=September 6, 2012|newspaper=The Gainesville Sun|quote=Nastase...finished the 1973 season No. 1 in the world.}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1974
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name="Connors ATP">{{cite web|title=Jimmy Connors – Career Highlights|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Co/J/Jimmy-Connors.aspx|accessdate=September 5, 2012|quote=He was clearly No. 1, a status he enjoyed from July 1974, for 159 straight weeks...}}</ref><ref name="Reign & History">{{cite news|title=Federer’s Reign Goes on and History Follows|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/27/sports/tennis/27federer.html|date=February 27, 2007|accessdate=September 6, 2012|first=Karen|last=Crouse|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=Jimmy Connors was No. 1 for 160 straight weeks, from July 1974 to August 1977.}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|1975
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref name="Connors ATP"/><ref name="Reign & History"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|1976
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(3)}}
|<ref name="Connors ATP"/><ref name="Reign & History"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1977
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}} {{small|(4)}}
|<ref name="The Age">{{cite news|title=Hewitt jubilant as world's No. 1|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/11/15/1037080901299.html|date=November 15, 2002|accessdate=September 6, 2012|newspaper=The Age|quote=Only five other players – Stefan Edberg (1990–91), Ivan Lendl (1985–87), John McEnroe (1981–84), Bjorn Borg (1979–80) and Jimmy Connors (1974–78) – have achieved the mighty feat.}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|1978
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jimmy|Connors}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(5)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1979
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Björn|Borg}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1980
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Björn|Borg}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1981
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|John|McEnroe}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/><ref name="regain YE No. 1">{{cite news|title=Federer may reclaim No. 1 rank, but can he keep hold of spot?|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2009-06-28-wimbledon-federer-ranking_N.htm|date=June 29, 2009|accessdate=September 6, 2012|first=Douglas|last=Robson|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1982
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|John|McEnroe}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/><ref name="regain YE No. 1"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1983
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|John|McEnroe}} {{small|(3)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/><ref name="regain YE No. 1"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|1984
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|John|McEnroe}} {{small|(4)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/><ref name="regain YE No. 1"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1985 Nabisco Grand Prix|1985]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|TCH}} {{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name="The Age"/><ref name=Lendl>{{cite web|title=Tennis still imbued in Lendl's blood|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/columns/story?columnist=ford_bonnie_d&id=5069915|date=April 9, 2010|accessdate=September 6, 2012|first=Bonnie D.|last=Ford|publisher=ESPN Internet Ventures|work=ESPN|quote=In 1988, [Wilander] won a five-set endurance contest, breaking a six-match losing streak to Lendl. The win interrupted Lendl's three-year reign as world No. 1...}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[1986 Nabisco Grand Prix|1986]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|TCH}} {{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref name=Lendl/>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[1987 Nabisco Grand Prix|1987]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|TCH}} {{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(3)}}
|<ref name=Lendl/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1988 Nabisco Grand Prix|1988]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Mats|Wilander}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name="regain YE No. 1"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1989 Nabisco Grand Prix|1989]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|TCH}} {{sortname|Ivan|Lendl}} {{small|(4)}}
|<ref name="regain YE No. 1"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1990 ATP Tour|1990]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Stefan|Edberg}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name=Edberg>{{cite news|title=Tennis; Winning Courier Stays No. 1|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/21/sports/tennis-winning-courier-stays-no-1.html|date=November 21, 1992|accessdate=September 6, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=Edberg, the No. 1 player at the end of 1990 and 1991.}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1991 ATP Tour|1991]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SWE}} {{sortname|Stefan|Edberg}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref name=Edberg/><ref name=Kuerten>{{cite news|title=Tennis; A Victorious Kuerten Clinches No. 1|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/04/sports/tennis-a-victorious-kuerten-clinches-no-1.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|date=December 4, 2000|accessdate=September 6, 2012|first=Christopher|last=Clarey|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=[Kuerten] is the first non-American to finish on top since the Swede Stefan Edberg in 1991.}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1992 ATP Tour|1992]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Jim|Courier}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Courier finishes year ranked No. 1 McNeil posts another upset in Slims|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=0EAF8EC88F5FAB29&p_docnum=1&p_queryname=1|date=November 21, 1992|accessdate=September 6, 2012|newspaper=Fort Worth Star-Telegram|publisher=NewsBank|quote=Jim Courier became the first American since John McEnroe in 1984 to finish the year as the No. 1 tennis player in the world...}} '''{{subscription required}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1993 ATP Tour|1993]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name="Sampras 6"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[1994 ATP Tour|1994]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref name="Sampras ATP">{{cite web|title=Pete Sampras – Career Highlights|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Sa/P/Pete-Sampras.aspx|accessdate=September 5, 2012|quote=1997 — Ranked No. 1 every week throughout year for second time (1994)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1995 ATP Tour|1995]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}} {{small|(3)}}
|<ref name="Sampras 6"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1996 ATP Tour|1996]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}} {{small|(4)}}
|<ref name="Sampras 6"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[1997 ATP Tour|1997]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(5)}}
|<ref name="Sampras ATP"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1998 ATP Tour|1998]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Pete|Sampras}} {{small|(6)}}
|<ref name="Sampras 6"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[1999 ATP Tour|1999]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Andre|Agassi}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Inside the numbers|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=2552289|date=August 31, 2006|accessdate=September 5, 2012|first=Matt|last=Wilansky|publisher=ESPN Internet Ventures|work=ESPN|quote=[I]n 1999 he won the French Open title, the only major that had eluded him. He finished the year ranked No. 1 in the world for the first and only time in his career.}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2000 ATP Tour|2000]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} {{sortname|Gustavo|Kuerten}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref name=Kuerten/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/B0EA4F9A31DA436AAC8F00EF5F55F774.ashx|title=2000 ATP Tour Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2001 ATP Tour|2001]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{sortname|Lleyton|Hewitt}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/9AD2188BDE78469D9C429006F36A26DF.ashx|title=2001 ATP Tour Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[2002 ATP Tour|2002]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{sortname|Lleyton|Hewitt}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref name="Hewitt"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/01EA63B523F448059597985349198F59.ashx|title=2002 ATP Tour Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|publisher=atpworldtour.com}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2003 ATP Tour|2003]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{sortname|Andy|Roddick}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/7DAD0397C7BA479387B47B0DBDA960D4.ashx|title=2003 ATP Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2004 ATP Tour|2004]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SUI}} {{sortname|Roger|Federer}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/968DAC4E31B9401385D29BC3E061B395.ashx|title=2004 ATP Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[2005 ATP Tour|2005]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|SUI}} {{sortname|Roger|Federer}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/B7ECC6F96DE34C0BBEA0834325780B80.ashx|title=2005 ATP Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[2006 ATP Tour|2006]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|SUI}} {{sortname|Roger|Federer}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(3)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/915A7315651B4620B14C30C0D8E5CDB5.ashx|title=2006 ATP Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background-color: #cfc"|[[2007 ATP Tour|2007]]
!scope="row" style="background-color: #cfc"|{{flagicon|SUI}} {{sortname|Roger|Federer}}{{sup|§}} {{small|(4)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/6E2D60CC3E694164B80A0C718A85967E.ashx|title=2007 ATP Year End Rankings|accessdate=8 January 2011|publisher=atpworldtour.com}}</ref><ref name="RF calendar number 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/story/10437112|title=Federer will finish year at No. 1 after winning home tourney|work=[[CBS Sports]]|date=October 28, 2007|accessdate=July 14, 2009}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2008 ATP Tour|2008]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} {{sortname|Rafael|Nadal}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/ED41F784CF1D46EF9E4CD31CF8123D75.ashx|title=2008 ATP Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 8, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2009 ATP Tour|2009]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SUI}} {{sortname|Roger|Federer}} {{small|(5)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/88268F9FDF7D4B6483358AE4B0165471.ashx|title=2009 ATP World Tour Year End Rankings|accessdate=January 10, 2011|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2010 ATP World Tour|2010]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} {{sortname|Rafael|Nadal}} {{small|(2)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/FDFEAA79B2254AFE9CFFC3F840335900.ashx|title=2010 ATP World Tour Year End Rankings|accessdate=10 January 2011|publisher=atpworldtour.com}}</ref><ref name="2010 YE#1">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/09/Other/Nadal-ATP-World-Tour-Champion.aspx|title=Nadal clinches year-end No. 1 for second time|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)|date=September 16, 2010|accessdate=September 16, 2010}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2011 ATP World Tour|2011]]
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SRB}} {{sortname|Novak|Djokovic}} {{small|(1)}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2011/10/Features/Djokovic-Clinches-Year-End-No-1-Ranking.aspx|title=Djokovic Clinches Year-End No. 1 For First Time|date=October 13, 2011|accessdate=September 6, 2012|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP)}}</ref>
|}

==Players who were ranked World No. 1 without having won a Grand Slam tournament==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Date of first No. 1 position
!scope="col"|First Grand Slam final
!scope="col"|First Grand Slam title
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|TCH}} [[Ivan Lendl]]
|February 28, 1983||[[1981 French Open]]||[[1984 French Open]] (1st of 8)||<ref name="Rios No. 1">{{cite news|title=Tennis; Rios Dismantles Agassi and Seizes No. 1 Ranking|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/30/sports/tennis-rios-dismantles-agassi-and-seizes-no-1-ranking.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|date=March 30, 1998|accessdate=July 21, 2012|first=Robin|last=Finn|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=Rios...is the first man to earn the ranking without winning a Grand Slam tournament since Ivan Lendl in 1983.}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Marcelo Ríos]]
|March 30, 1998||[[1998 Australian Open]] (February 1, 1998)||''none||<ref name="Rios No. 1"/>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of ATP number 1 ranked doubles players]]
* [[List of WTA number 1 ranked players]]
* [[List of male tennis players]]
* [[World-number-one male tennis-player rankings]]

==References==
'''General
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx|title=ATP World Tour – Singles Rankings (searchable database)|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]|accessdate=July 21, 2009}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Doubles.aspx|title=ATP World Tour – Doubles Rankings (searchable database)|work=atpworldtour.com|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]|accessdate=December 5, 2010}}
{{refend}}
'''Specific
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.atpworldtour.com/tennis/1/en/home/ ATP World Tour website]
{{Tennis World Number Ones (men)}}
{{Tennis records and statistics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Atp Number 1 Ranked Singles Players}}
[[Category:Lists of tennis players]]
[[Category:Tennis records and statistics]]

[[de:Liste der Weltranglistenersten im Herrentennis]]
[[es:Anexo:Tenistas número 1 en el ranking ATP]]
[[ko:역대 ATP 랭킹 1위 테니스 선수 목록]]
[[it:Lista di numeri 1 del mondo ATP]]
[[hu:Világelső férfi teniszezők listája]]
[[nl:Lijst van nummers 1 in het herentennis]]
[[pl:Liderzy rankingu ATP]]
[[pt:Anexo:Lista de tenistas número 1 no ranking da ATP]]
[[ro:Lista jucătorilor numărul 1 în clasamentul ATP]]
[[fi:Luettelo tenniksen ATP-maailmanlistan ykköspelaajista]]
[[zh:ATP世界排名第一男子單打選手列表]]

Beyblade (manga)

2012-09-04T16:17:10Z

220.255.2.26: Undid revision 510752720 by 220.255.2.35 (talk)

{{About|the manga|the toy|Beyblade (toy)}}
{{ref improve|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name = Beyblade
| image =
| caption =
| ja_kanji = 爆転シュートベイブレード
| ja_romaji = Bakuten Shūto Beiburēdo
| genre = Science fantasy, comedy-drama, sports
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type = manga
| author = [[Takao Aoki]]
| publisher = [[Shogakukan]]
| publisher_en = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Viz Media]]
| demographic = Children,Teens,and Adults
| magazine = [[CoroCoro Comic]]
| first = 2000
| last = 2004
| volumes = 14
| volume_list =
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| director = Toshifumi Kawase
| producer = Teo Ting Zhen
| writer = Teo Ting Wei
| music = [[Yoshihisa Hirano]]
| studio = [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV (Canadian television)|YTV]], [[Télétoon (Canadian TV channel)|Télétoon]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Cartoon Network (UK)|Cartoon Network]], [[Toonami (UK & Ireland)|Toonami]]
[[Five (channel)|Five]], [[Pop (UK TV channel)|POP!]], [[S4C]], [[Kix (TV channel)|Kix!]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jetix]], [[Toon Disney]], [[ABC Family]]
| first = January 8, 2001
| last = December 24, 2001
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade episodes#Beyblade
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: VForce
| director = Yoshio Takeuchi
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = Nihon Animedia
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jetix]], [[Toon Disney]], [[ABC Family]]
| first = January 7, 2002
| last = December 30, 2002
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade episodes#Beyblade: VForce
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: GRevolution
| director = [[Mitsuo Hashimoto (director)|Mitsuo Hashimoto]]
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = Nihon Animedia
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jetix]], [[Toon Disney]], [[ABC Family]]
| first = January 6, 2003
| last = December 29, 2003
| episodes = 52
| episode_list = List of Beyblade episodes#Beyblade: GRevolution
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = [[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Tatsunoko Productions]], [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nicktoons]]
| first = April 5, 2009
| last = March 28, 2010
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade: Metal Fusion episodes (season 1)
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: Metal Masters
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Tatsunoko Productions]], [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nicktoons]]
| first = April 4, 2010
| last = March 27, 2011
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade: Metal Masters episodes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: Metal Fury
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Tatsunoko Productions]], [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network]]
| first = April 3, 2011
| last = April 1, 2012
| episodes = 52
| episode_list = List of Beyblade: Metal Fury episodes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = [[Metal Fight Beyblade Zero-G]]
| director = Kunihisa Sugishima
| producer =
| writer = Katsumi Hasegawa
| music =
| studio = [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| first = April 8, 2012
| last =
| episodes = 26
| episode_list = List of Metal Fight Beyblade Zero-G episodes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = [[BeyWheelz]] (Powered by Beyblade)
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Hasbro Studios]]
| network = [[Cartoon Network (USA)|Cartoon Network]]
| first = August 11, 2012
| last =
| episodes = 13
| episode_list =
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}

{{nihongo|'''''Beyblade'''''|爆転シュートベイブレード|Bakuten Shūto Beiburēdo|lit. "Explosive Shoot Beyblade"}} is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by [[Takao Aoki]]. Originally serialized in ''[[CoroCoro Comic]]'' from 2000 to 2002, the individual chapters were collected and published in 14 ''[[tankōbon]]'' by [[Shogakukan]]. The series focuses on a group of kids who form teams with which they battle one another using highly powerful [[spinning top]]s called "Beyblades".

The manga is licensed for English language release in North America by [[Viz Media]]. An anime adaptation, also titled ''Beyblade'' and spanning 51 episodes, aired in Japan on [[TV Tokyo]] from January 8, 2001 to December 24, 2001. The second, ''Beyblade V-Force'', ran for another 51 episodes from January 7, 2002 until December 30, 2002. ''Beyblade G Revolution'', the third and final adaptation, also spanned 51 episodes (the 51st was a double-length special but was split into two episodes for the Western release) and aired from January 6, 2003, until its conclusion on December 29, 2003. [[Nelvana]] licensed the anime for an English-language release. [[Takara Tomy]] also developed the ''Beyblade'' toy line.

==Plot==
===''Beyblade''===
A young boy named [[Tyson Granger]] (Takao Kinomiya) enters the Japan Regional BeyBlade Qualifying Tournament. Tyson encounters [[Ray Kon]] (Rei Kon) and [[Kai Hiwatari]], and after defeating them, they organize a team, known as the Bladebreakers, along with [[Max Tate]] (Max Mizuhara). The Bladebreakers tour [[China]] to register for the championships, while confronting the [[White Tigers (Beyblade)|White Tigers]], Ray's former team. It is seen that Ray's old team holds a grudge against him for leaving them, but towards the end of the Chinese Tournament, Ray and his ex-teammates make amends, and the Bladebreakers win the tournament. After this, Tyson and his friends arrive in the [[United States]] to fight the [[All Starz]], who are coached by Max's mother. After winning the American league, the team find themselves stranded in [[Europe]]. In order to get to [[Russia]] to register for the World Championships, they must battle the [[Majestics]] who are Europe's top bladers. Once in Russia, Tyson and his friends find themselves up against the [[Demolition Boys]], the Russian Champions, who are ruthless and obsessed with power. The Bladebreakers then discover that the Demolition Boys are merely tools for the BIOVOLT Corporation, run by Kai's grandfather, Voltaire, and Boris, a criminal mastermind. Initially, Kai was pursued by Boris to join the Demolition Boys in the ultimate quest for power, the Black Dranzer Bit-Beast which Kai was seeking to become the best Beyblader. However, he realizes his mistakes and rejoins the Bladebreakers. During the finals, Kai loses the first round and his Dranzer to Spencer and his bit-beast Seaborg. Ray barely manages to win against Bryan, but has to be taken to hospital after the injuries from the match. Tyson manages to defeat Tala, the Demolition Boys whose body had been modified by Boris to win the match, in the final round and manages to win the title of the BBA world champion.

===''Beyblade: V-Force''===
The team has gone their separate ways, but Team Psykick and the Saint Shields, attack the Blade-breakers by trying to steal their bit-beasts for their own reasons. Hilary Tachibana (Hiromi Tachibana) joins the Blade-breakers, but takes time to learn the fact that Beyblade isn't just a stupid game as she thinks it is. The first half of the second season ends with the Blade-breakers defeating Team Psykick, who were manipulating their friends Kane, Salima, Goki and Jimmy. The second half of season 2 deals with the truth of why the Saint Shields and Team Psykick are after their bit-beasts and about a rock that Max's mother found that contains bit-beasts, which is stolen by Team Psykick. The Saint Shields' reason is because they wish to seal the bit-beasts in a rock because they fear that the bit-beasts could get out of control like they did in the past. Team Psykick's reason is because the Psykick's leader, Dr. Zagart, wants the bit-beasts to turn his android son (an exact replica of his actual son who died in an accident) into a real human. After defeating the Saint Shields, Zeo, who is one of Tyson's new friends, learns the truth about his past and how he was created Dr. Zagart, so he uses the rock's strongest bit-beast, Cerberus (pronounced ker-bur-is), to get the bit-beasts. The world championships are coming to Japan, so Hilary separates the Blade-breakers into two teams: Tyson and Max for one, Kai and Ray for the other. However, during the tournament, Zeo and his partner Gordo, are destroying the competition. Soon enough, Zeo and Gordo eliminate Kai and Ray, taking Kai's Dranzer in the process. Tyson and Max face Zeo and Gordo in the final. Tyson manages to beat Gordo, but Zeo defeats Max and captures Draciel. During the final battle between Tyson and Zeo, the Blade-breakers find out that Zeo is actually an android, and about Dr. Zagart's reason for trying to use Zeo to get the bit-beasts. Tyson manages to convince him otherwise, and manages to defeat Zeo, making him and Max the world champions once again.

===''Beyblade: G-Revolution''===
Kai, Ray, Max and Tyson went their separate ways and rejoined their old teams so that they have a chance to beat each other at the World Championship. This leaves only Tyson, [[Hilary Tachibana|Hilary]], and [[Kenny (Beyblade)|Kenny]] on the team, but a new character, [[Daichi Sumeragi]], and Tyson's brother [[Hiro Granger]], join them. One week after the results of the World Championships, Boris, the secondary villain from the first season, says things will return to the way they were before. But he declares that all the Beyblade shops must sell beyblades and their parts to BEGA associated Beybladers only, otherwise they will not be allowed to run the shops.

Tyson and the team find some parts at Max's father's store, which are insufficient. Then after sometime Kenny comes with the solution, he makes new type of Beyblades, using different type of parts. But they still needed one more blader, that's when Kai, who tried to join BEGA but lost severely to Brooklyn, rejoins the team. Daichi and Ray lose the first two matches to Ming-Ming and Crusher and Max ends the third match with Mystel in a draw. Then it was Kai's turn to face the unbeaten Brooklyn. Kai then defeats Brooklyn in a match but loses Dranzer later. Then Tyson beats Garland. Brooklyn becomes insane due to his loss to Kai and confronts Tyson. In the ensuing match match, Tyson then defeats Brooklyn after his Beyblade Dragoon absorbs the power of all the Sacred Bit Beasts and evolves into the most powerful Beyblade on Earth.

==Media==
===Manga===
The chapters of the ''Beyblade'' manga were written and illustrated by [[Takao Aoki]]. It was serialized in [[CoroCoro Comic]] form 2000 to 2004. The manga was licensed for an English-language release by [[Viz Media]].

===Anime===
{{main|List of Beyblade episodes}}
A three season anime television adaptation was adapted from the series. The first season, spanning 51 episodes, was produced by [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]] and aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from January 8, 2001 to December 24, 2001. The second season, produced by [[Nihon Animedia]] and titled ''Beyblade V-Force'', ran for another 51 episodes from January 7, 2002 until December 30, 2002. The third season, ''Beyblade G Revolution'' was also produced by [[Nihon Animedia]]. It spanned 52 episodes and ran from January 6, 2003 until its conclusion on December 29, 2003. All three seasons are licensed for English adaptation, broadcast, and release in North America by Nelvana.

A new ''Beyblade'' anime series entitled ''Metal Fight Beyblade'' was produced by [[Tatsunoko]] and [[Synergy SP]], and is based on the aforementioned Metal Fight Beyblade manga. It premiered on April 5, 2009.<ref>[http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/anime/mf-beyblade/ TV Tokyo's Metal Fight Beyblade page]</ref> Nelvana has licensed the series, which was released in North America as "Beyblade: Metal Fusion".<ref>[http://news.awn.com/index.php?ltype=top&newsitem_no=27947 AWN article announcing Nelvana's acquisition of Metal Fight Beyblade]</ref> It premiered on Cartoon Network in June 2010 with showings on Saturdays and Sundays.

===Spin-offs===
''Beyblade'' inspired a [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] manga, ''[[BeyWheelz]]''.

==Merchandise==
Beyblade developed a [[cult following]] when the series' popular spinning top toy was launched worldwide. Now with the released fourth season of the Metal Fight Beyblade series, Metal Fight Beyblade Zero-G, a toy line which consists of Beyblades from the anime including Samurai Ifraid W145CF, MSF Shinobi Saramanda SW145SD, MSF Pirates Orojya 145D, Thief Phoenic E230GCF, Guardian Reviser 160SB, MSF Archer Gryph C145S, Pirates Killerken A230JSB, and many more are being released in Asia.

===Toys===
{{Main|Beyblade (toy)}}
[[File:BeybladeKorea.jpg|thumb|right|220px|From left to right. "Dragoon G" and "Dranzer G". These are examples of the Engine Gear System series.]]
Originally developed and manufactured by [[Takara Tomy]], first released in 2000. The toys include a 'launcher' – a device for bringing the spinning top up to speed, with either a separate or integral rip-cord. This 'ripping' action causes the tops to be ejected, at the end of the movement. Players eject the tops into a plastic arena, with a slightly dished base, where they subsequently strike each other. The last top still spinning wins. Skill can be used in the deployment of the tops, which significantly influences the way they move around the arena, and subsequently interact. The different styles of device respond differently to the collisions, so advantage might be gained from using a particular type of top against a particular opponent.

===Video games===

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | Game
! scope="col" | Release Date
! scope="col" | Platform
|-
| Jisedai Bēgoma Battle Beyblade || {{start date|1999|7|23}} || Game Boy Color
|-
| Beyblade Fighting Tournament || {{start date|2000|8|11}} || Game Boy Color
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade || {{start date|2001|7|27}} || Game Boy Color
|-
| Beyblade: Let it Rip! || {{start date|2002|12|5}} || PlayStation
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade 2002 Ikuze! Gekitō! Chō Jiryoku Battle!! || {{start date|2002|6|27}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade 2002: Beybattle Tournament 2 || {{start date|2002|8|1}} || PlayStation
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade 2002 Team Battle! Kiryū no Akira Daichi / Takao Hen || {{start date|2002|12|6}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| BeyBlade VForce: Super Tournament Battle || {{start date|2003|9|23}} || GameCube
|-
| Beyblade VForce: Ultimate Blader Jam || {{start date|2003|11|18}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| Beyblade: GRevolution || {{start date|2004|11|18}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| Metal Fight Beyblade || {{start date|2009|3|26}} || Nintendo DS
|-
| Metal Fight Beyblade: Gachinko Stadium || {{start date|2009|11|19}} || Wii
|-
| Metal Fight Beyblade Portable: Chōzetsu Tensei Vulcan Horses || {{start date|2010|10|21}} || PSP
|-
| Beyblade: Metal Fusion || {{start date|2010|11|9}} || Nintendo DS
|-
| BBeyblade: Metal Fusion - Battle Fortress || {{start date|2010|11|9}} || Wii
|-
| Beyblade Metal Fusion: Cyber Pegasus || {{start date|2010|11|11}} || Nintendo DS
|-
| Beyblade: Metal Masters || {{start date|2011|11|15}} || Nintendo DS
|}

==Reception==
{{Expand section|date=March 2009}}
''Beyblade'' was popular among people, especially due to its toys and accessories. It gained notoriety in school playgrounds all across Australia, North America, Latin America and the United Kingdom during the early 2000s and in Pakistan during 2004-2006 and its popularity was replaced by blazing teens. It was popular in India between 2004 - 2007,its toys were liked by many. The show was aired by Jetix and Cartoon Network in America as well as in parts of Asia, Europe, and Australia. It has had renewed popularity in the last two years.

There have been many official Beyblade tournaments held across the world, just like in the anime. At official tournaments hosted by Tomy, Sonokong, Mani, or Hasbro, their companies advertise themselves as the World Beyblade Battle Association (WBBA) instead of their company name. Similar to how the WBBA is the company that hosts Beyblade tournaments in the anime.

The show was criticized for being one long, repetitive commercial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/5830/beyblade-let-it-rip/ |title=Beyblade: Let It Rip! : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video |publisher=Dvdtalk.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/6442/beyblade-hidden-tiger-vol-3/ |title=Beyblade - Hidden Tiger (Vol. 3) : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video |publisher=Dvdtalk.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-16}}</ref><ref>http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/beybladehiddentiger.php</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.beyblade.com/splash?redir=1 Official Website]
*[http://www.imdb.com/find?q=Beyblade&s=all Beyblade] at [[Internet Movie Database]]
*{{ann|anime|931}}
*{{wikia|Beyblade}} on [[Wikia]]

{{Beyblade}}

[[Category:Anime series]]
[[Category:2002 anime]]
[[Category:2003 anime]]
[[Category:Beyblade]]
[[Category:Creature anime and manga]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Science fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Sports anime and manga]]
[[Category:Manga series]]
[[Category:YTV shows]]
[[Category:Viz Media manga]]
[[Category:Madhouse (company)]]
[[Category:Children's manga]]
[[Category:Geneon Universal Entertainment]]
[[Category:Funimation Entertainment]]
[[Category:Television series by Nelvana]]

[[ar:بي بليد]]
[[ca:Beyblade]]
[[cs:Beyblade]]
[[da:Beyblade]]
[[de:Beyblade]]
[[el:Beyblade]]
[[es:Beyblade]]
[[fr:Beyblade]]
[[ko:탑블레이드 (애니메이션)]]
[[id:Beyblade]]
[[is:Beyblade]]
[[it:Beyblade]]
[[he:בייבלייד]]
[[hu:Beyblade]]
[[ms:Beyblade]]
[[nl:Beyblade]]
[[ja:爆転シュートベイブレード (アニメ)]]
[[no:Beyblade]]
[[pl:Beyblade]]
[[pt:Beyblade (anime)]]
[[ru:Бейблэйд]]
[[simple:Beyblade]]
[[fi:Beyblade]]
[[sv:Beyblade]]
[[tl:Beyblade]]
[[th:เบย์เบลด (อะนิเมะ)]]
[[tr:Beyblade]]
[[zh:戰鬥陀螺]]

Beyblade (manga)

2012-09-02T16:19:19Z

220.255.2.26:

{{About|the manga|the toy|Beyblade (toy)}}
{{ref improve|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name = Beyblade
| image =
| caption =
| ja_kanji = 爆転シュートベイブレード
| ja_romaji = Bakuten Shūto Beiburēdo
| genre = Science fantasy, comedy-drama, sports
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type = manga
| author = [[Takao Aoki]]
| publisher = [[Shogakukan]]
| publisher_en = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Viz Media]]
| demographic = Children,Teens,and Adults
| magazine = [[CoroCoro Comic]]
| first = 2000
| last = 2004
| volumes = 14
| volume_list =
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| director = Toshifumi Kawase
| producer = Teo Ting Zhen
| writer =
| music = [[Yoshihisa Hirano]]
| studio = [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV (Canadian television)|YTV]], [[Télétoon (Canadian TV channel)|Télétoon]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Cartoon Network (UK)|Cartoon Network]], [[Toonami (UK & Ireland)|Toonami]]
[[Five (channel)|Five]], [[Pop (UK TV channel)|POP!]], [[S4C]], [[Kix (TV channel)|Kix!]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jetix]], [[Toon Disney]], [[ABC Family]]
| first = January 8, 2001
| last = December 24, 2001
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade episodes#Beyblade
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: VForce
| director = Yoshio Takeuchi
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = Nihon Animedia
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jetix]], [[Toon Disney]], [[ABC Family]]
| first = January 7, 2002
| last = December 30, 2002
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade episodes#Beyblade: VForce
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: GRevolution
| director = [[Mitsuo Hashimoto (director)|Mitsuo Hashimoto]]
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = Nihon Animedia
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jetix]], [[Toon Disney]], [[ABC Family]]
| first = January 6, 2003
| last = December 29, 2003
| episodes = 52
| episode_list = List of Beyblade episodes#Beyblade: GRevolution
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = [[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Tatsunoko Productions]], [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nicktoons]]
| first = April 5, 2009
| last = March 28, 2010
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade: Metal Fusion episodes (season 1)
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: Metal Masters
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Tatsunoko Productions]], [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nicktoons]]
| first = April 4, 2010
| last = March 27, 2011
| episodes = 51
| episode_list = List of Beyblade: Metal Masters episodes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = Beyblade: Metal Fury
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Tatsunoko Productions]], [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| licensor = {{flagicon|Canada}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Network Ten]], [[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]], [[Cartoon Network (Australia)|Cartoon Network]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network]]
| first = April 3, 2011
| last = April 1, 2012
| episodes = 52
| episode_list = List of Beyblade: Metal Fury episodes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = [[Metal Fight Beyblade Zero-G]]
| director = Kunihisa Sugishima
| producer =
| writer = Katsumi Hasegawa
| music =
| studio = [[Synergy SP]], [[Nelvana]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| first = April 8, 2012
| last =
| episodes = 26
| episode_list = List of Metal Fight Beyblade Zero-G episodes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| title = [[BeyWheelz]] (Powered by Beyblade)
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| music =
| studio = [[Hasbro Studios]]
| network = [[Cartoon Network (USA)|Cartoon Network]]
| first = August 11, 2012
| last =
| episodes = 13
| episode_list =
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}

{{nihongo|'''''Beyblade'''''|爆転シュートベイブレード|Bakuten Shūto Beiburēdo|lit. "Explosive Shoot Beyblade"}} is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by [[Takao Aoki]]. Originally serialized in ''[[CoroCoro Comic]]'' from 2000 to 2002, the individual chapters were collected and published in 14 ''[[tankōbon]]'' by [[Shogakukan]]. The series focuses on a group of kids who form teams with which they battle one another using highly powerful [[spinning top]]s called "Beyblades".

The manga is licensed for English language release in North America by [[Viz Media]]. An anime adaptation, also titled ''Beyblade'' and spanning 51 episodes, aired in Japan on [[TV Tokyo]] from January 8, 2001 to December 24, 2001. The second, ''Beyblade V-Force'', ran for another 51 episodes from January 7, 2002 until December 30, 2002. ''Beyblade G Revolution'', the third and final adaptation, also spanned 51 episodes (the 51st was a double-length special but was split into two episodes for the Western release) and aired from January 6, 2003, until its conclusion on December 29, 2003. [[Nelvana]] licensed the anime for an English-language release. [[Takara Tomy]] also developed the ''Beyblade'' toy line.

==Plot==
===''Beyblade''===
A young boy named [[Tyson Granger]] (Takao Kinomiya) enters the Japan Regional BeyBlade Qualifying Tournament. Tyson encounters [[Ray Kon]] (Rei Kon) and [[Kai Hiwatari]], and after defeating them, they organize a team, known as the Bladebreakers, along with [[Max Tate]] (Max Mizuhara). The Bladebreakers tour [[China]] to register for the championships, while confronting the [[White Tigers (Beyblade)|White Tigers]], Ray's former team. It is seen that Ray's old team holds a grudge against him for leaving them, but towards the end of the Chinese Tournament, Ray and his ex-teammates make amends, and the Bladebreakers win the tournament. After this, Tyson and his friends arrive in the [[United States]] to fight the [[All Starz]], who are coached by Max's mother. After winning the American league, the team find themselves stranded in [[Europe]]. In order to get to [[Russia]] to register for the World Championships, they must battle the [[Majestics]] who are Europe's top bladers. Once in Russia, Tyson and his friends find themselves up against the [[Demolition Boys]], the Russian Champions, who are ruthless and obsessed with power. The Bladebreakers then discover that the Demolition Boys are merely tools for the BIOVOLT Corporation, run by Kai's grandfather, Voltaire, and Boris, a criminal mastermind. Initially, Kai was pursued by Boris to join the Demolition Boys in the ultimate quest for power, the Black Dranzer Bit-Beast which Kai was seeking to become the best Beyblader. However, he realizes his mistakes and rejoins the Bladebreakers. During the finals, Kai loses the first round and his Dranzer to Spencer and his bit-beast Seaborg. Ray barely manages to win against Bryan, but has to be taken to hospital after the injuries from the match. Tyson manages to defeat Tala, the Demolition Boys whose body had been modified by Boris to win the match, in the final round and manages to win the title of the BBA world champion.

===''Beyblade: V-Force''===
The team has gone their separate ways, but Team Psykick and the Saint Shields, attack the Blade-breakers by trying to steal their bit-beasts for their own reasons. Hilary Tachibana (Hiromi Tachibana) joins the Blade-breakers, but takes time to learn the fact that Beyblade isn't just a stupid game as she thinks it is. The first half of the second season ends with the Blade-breakers defeating Team Psykick, who were manipulating their friends Kane, Salima, Goki and Jimmy. The second half of season 2 deals with the truth of why the Saint Shields and Team Psykick are after their bit-beasts and about a rock that Max's mother found that contains bit-beasts, which is stolen by Team Psykick. The Saint Shields' reason is because they wish to seal the bit-beasts in a rock because they fear that the bit-beasts could get out of control like they did in the past. Team Psykick's reason is because the Psykick's leader, Dr. Zagart, wants the bit-beasts to turn his android son (an exact replica of his actual son who died in an accident) into a real human. After defeating the Saint Shields, Zeo, who is one of Tyson's new friends, learns the truth about his past and how he was created Dr. Zagart, so he uses the rock's strongest bit-beast, Cerberus (pronounced ker-bur-is), to get the bit-beasts. The world championships are coming to Japan, so Hilary separates the Blade-breakers into two teams: Tyson and Max for one, Kai and Ray for the other. However, during the tournament, Zeo and his partner Gordo, are destroying the competition. Soon enough, Zeo and Gordo eliminate Kai and Ray, taking Kai's Dranzer in the process. Tyson and Max face Zeo and Gordo in the final. Tyson manages to beat Gordo, but Zeo defeats Max and captures Draciel. During the final battle between Tyson and Zeo, the Blade-breakers find out that Zeo is actually an android, and about Dr. Zagart's reason for trying to use Zeo to get the bit-beasts. Tyson manages to convince him otherwise, and manages to defeat Zeo, making him and Max the world champions once again.

===''Beyblade: G-Revolution''===
Kai, Ray, Max and Tyson went their separate ways and rejoined their old teams so that they have a chance to beat each other at the World Championship. This leaves only Tyson, [[Hilary Tachibana|Hilary]], and [[Kenny (Beyblade)|Kenny]] on the team, but a new character, [[Daichi Sumeragi]], and Tyson's brother [[Hiro Granger]], join them. One week after the results of the World Championships, Boris, the secondary villain from the first season, says things will return to the way they were before. But he declares that all the Beyblade shops must sell beyblades and their parts to BEGA associated Beybladers only, otherwise they will not be allowed to run the shops.

Tyson and the team find some parts at Max's father's store, which are insufficient. Then after sometime Kenny comes with the solution, he makes new type of Beyblades, using different type of parts. But they still needed one more blader, that's when Kai, who tried to join BEGA but lost severely to Brooklyn, rejoins the team. Daichi and Ray lose the first two matches to Ming-Ming and Crusher and Max ends the third match with Mystel in a draw. Then it was Kai's turn to face the unbeaten Brooklyn. Kai then defeats Brooklyn in a match but loses Dranzer later. Then Tyson beats Garland. Brooklyn becomes insane due to his loss to Kai and confronts Tyson. In the ensuing match match, Tyson then defeats Brooklyn after his Beyblade Dragoon absorbs the power of all the Sacred Bit Beasts and evolves into the most powerful Beyblade on Earth.

==Media==
===Manga===
The chapters of the ''Beyblade'' manga were written and illustrated by [[Takao Aoki]]. It was serialized in [[CoroCoro Comic]] form 2000 to 2004. The manga was licensed for an English-language release by [[Viz Media]].

===Anime===
{{main|List of Beyblade episodes}}
A three season anime television adaptation was adapted from the series. The first season, spanning 51 episodes, was produced by [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]] and aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from January 8, 2001 to December 24, 2001. The second season, produced by [[Nihon Animedia]] and titled ''Beyblade V-Force'', ran for another 51 episodes from January 7, 2002 until December 30, 2002. The third season, ''Beyblade G Revolution'' was also produced by [[Nihon Animedia]]. It spanned 52 episodes and ran from January 6, 2003 until its conclusion on December 29, 2003. All three seasons are licensed for English adaptation, broadcast, and release in North America by Nelvana.

A new ''Beyblade'' anime series entitled ''Metal Fight Beyblade'' was produced by [[Tatsunoko]] and [[Synergy SP]], and is based on the aforementioned Metal Fight Beyblade manga. It premiered on April 5, 2009.<ref>[http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/anime/mf-beyblade/ TV Tokyo's Metal Fight Beyblade page]</ref> Nelvana has licensed the series, which was released in North America as "Beyblade: Metal Fusion".<ref>[http://news.awn.com/index.php?ltype=top&newsitem_no=27947 AWN article announcing Nelvana's acquisition of Metal Fight Beyblade]</ref> It premiered on Cartoon Network in June 2010 with showings on Saturdays and Sundays.

===Spin-offs===
''Beyblade'' inspired a [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] manga, ''[[BeyWheelz]]''.

==Merchandise==
Beyblade developed a [[cult following]] when the series' popular spinning top toy was launched worldwide. Now with the released fourth season of the Metal Fight Beyblade series, Metal Fight Beyblade Zero-G, a toy line which consists of Beyblades from the anime including Samurai Ifraid W145CF, MSF Shinobi Saramanda SW145SD, MSF Pirates Orojya 145D, Thief Phoenic E230GCF, Guardian Reviser 160SB, MSF Archer Gryph C145S, Pirates Killerken A230JSB, and many more are being released in Asia.

===Toys===
{{Main|Beyblade (toy)}}
[[File:BeybladeKorea.jpg|thumb|right|220px|From left to right. "Dragoon G" and "Dranzer G". These are examples of the Engine Gear System series.]]
Originally developed and manufactured by [[Takara Tomy]], first released in 2000. The toys include a 'launcher' – a device for bringing the spinning top up to speed, with either a separate or integral rip-cord. This 'ripping' action causes the tops to be ejected, at the end of the movement. Players eject the tops into a plastic arena, with a slightly dished base, where they subsequently strike each other. The last top still spinning wins. Skill can be used in the deployment of the tops, which significantly influences the way they move around the arena, and subsequently interact. The different styles of device respond differently to the collisions, so advantage might be gained from using a particular type of top against a particular opponent.

===Video games===

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | Game
! scope="col" | Release Date
! scope="col" | Platform
|-
| Jisedai Bēgoma Battle Beyblade || {{start date|1999|7|23}} || Game Boy Color
|-
| Beyblade Fighting Tournament || {{start date|2000|8|11}} || Game Boy Color
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade || {{start date|2001|7|27}} || Game Boy Color
|-
| Beyblade: Let it Rip! || {{start date|2002|12|5}} || PlayStation
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade 2002 Ikuze! Gekitō! Chō Jiryoku Battle!! || {{start date|2002|6|27}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade 2002: Beybattle Tournament 2 || {{start date|2002|8|1}} || PlayStation
|-
| Bakuten Shoot Beyblade 2002 Team Battle! Kiryū no Akira Daichi / Takao Hen || {{start date|2002|12|6}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| BeyBlade VForce: Super Tournament Battle || {{start date|2003|9|23}} || GameCube
|-
| Beyblade VForce: Ultimate Blader Jam || {{start date|2003|11|18}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| Beyblade: GRevolution || {{start date|2004|11|18}} || Game Boy Advance
|-
| Metal Fight Beyblade || {{start date|2009|3|26}} || Nintendo DS
|-
| Metal Fight Beyblade: Gachinko Stadium || {{start date|2009|11|19}} || Wii
|-
| Metal Fight Beyblade Portable: Chōzetsu Tensei Vulcan Horses || {{start date|2010|10|21}} || PSP
|-
| Beyblade: Metal Fusion || {{start date|2010|11|9}} || Nintendo DS
|-
| BBeyblade: Metal Fusion - Battle Fortress || {{start date|2010|11|9}} || Wii
|-
| Beyblade Metal Fusion: Cyber Pegasus || {{start date|2010|11|11}} || Nintendo DS
|-
| Beyblade: Metal Masters || {{start date|2011|11|15}} || Nintendo DS
|}

==Reception==
{{Expand section|date=March 2009}}
''Beyblade'' was popular among people, especially due to its toys and accessories. It gained notoriety in school playgrounds all across Australia, North America, Latin America and the United Kingdom during the early 2000s and in Pakistan during 2004-2006 and its popularity was replaced by blazing teens. It was popular in India between 2004 - 2007,its toys were liked by many. The show was aired by Jetix and Cartoon Network in America as well as in parts of Asia, Europe, and Australia. It has had renewed popularity in the last two years.

There have been many official Beyblade tournaments held across the world, just like in the anime. At official tournaments hosted by Tomy, Sonokong, Mani, or Hasbro, their companies advertise themselves as the World Beyblade Battle Association (WBBA) instead of their company name. Similar to how the WBBA is the company that hosts Beyblade tournaments in the anime.

The show was criticized for being one long, repetitive commercial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/5830/beyblade-let-it-rip/ |title=Beyblade: Let It Rip! : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video |publisher=Dvdtalk.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/6442/beyblade-hidden-tiger-vol-3/ |title=Beyblade - Hidden Tiger (Vol. 3) : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video |publisher=Dvdtalk.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-16}}</ref><ref>http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/beybladehiddentiger.php</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.beyblade.com/splash?redir=1 Official Website]
*[http://www.imdb.com/find?q=Beyblade&s=all Beyblade] at [[Internet Movie Database]]
*{{ann|anime|931}}
*{{wikia|Beyblade}} on [[Wikia]]

{{Beyblade}}

[[Category:Anime series]]
[[Category:2002 anime]]
[[Category:2003 anime]]
[[Category:Beyblade]]
[[Category:Creature anime and manga]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Science fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Sports anime and manga]]
[[Category:Manga series]]
[[Category:YTV shows]]
[[Category:Viz Media manga]]
[[Category:Madhouse (company)]]
[[Category:Children's manga]]
[[Category:Geneon Universal Entertainment]]
[[Category:Funimation Entertainment]]
[[Category:Television series by Nelvana]]

[[ar:بي بليد]]
[[ca:Beyblade]]
[[cs:Beyblade]]
[[da:Beyblade]]
[[de:Beyblade]]
[[el:Beyblade]]
[[es:Beyblade]]
[[fr:Beyblade]]
[[ko:탑블레이드 (애니메이션)]]
[[id:Beyblade]]
[[is:Beyblade]]
[[it:Beyblade]]
[[he:בייבלייד]]
[[hu:Beyblade]]
[[ms:Beyblade]]
[[nl:Beyblade]]
[[ja:爆転シュートベイブレード (アニメ)]]
[[no:Beyblade]]
[[pl:Beyblade]]
[[pt:Beyblade (anime)]]
[[ru:Бейблэйд]]
[[simple:Beyblade]]
[[fi:Beyblade]]
[[sv:Beyblade]]
[[tl:Beyblade]]
[[th:เบย์เบลด (อะนิเมะ)]]
[[tr:Beyblade]]
[[zh:戰鬥陀螺]]

João Gilberto

2012-08-24T11:13:37Z

220.255.2.26: /* Biography */

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = João Gilberto
| image = 338857405 591460ac96.jpg
| caption =
| image_size = 
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = '''João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira'''
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|6|10}}
| death_date =
| origin = [[Juazeiro]], [[Bahia]], [[Brazil]]
| instrument = [[Singer]], [[guitarist]]
| genre = [[Bossa nova]], [[Samba]], [[Brazilian jazz]], [[Latin jazz]]
| occupation = [[Guitarist]], [[singer]], [[Songwriter]]
| years_active = 1950–present
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
| current_members =
| past_members =
| notable_instruments = [[Guitar]]
}}
'''João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira''', known as '''João Gilberto''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈʒwɐ̃w ʒiwˈbɛʁtu}};<ref>[http://www.forvo.com/word/joão_gilberto/]</ref> June 10, 1931), is a [[Brazil]]ian [[singer]] and [[guitarist]]. His seminal recordings, including many songs by [[Antônio Carlos Jobim]] and [[Vinicius de Moraes]], established the new musical genre of [[Bossa nova]] in the late 1950s.

==Biography==
João Gilberto was born in [[Juazeiro]], [[Bahia]]. From an early age, music was a part of Gilberto's life. His grandfather bought him his first guitar at the age of 14. During high school, Gilberto teamed up with some of his classmates to form a small band. Gilberto, who led the band, was influenced by Brazilian popular songs, American jazz, and even some opera, among other genres. After trying his luck as a radio singer in [[Salvador, Bahia]], the young Gilberto was recruited in 1950 as lead singer of the vocal quintet Garotos da Lua (Moon Boys) and moved to Rio de Janeiro. A year and a half later, he was dismissed from the group for his lack of discipline (he would often show up late to rehearsals or not at all).

João Gilberto's first recordings were released in Brazil as two-song 78-rpm singles between 1951 and 1959. In the 1960s, Brazilian singles evolved to the "double compact" format, and João would release some EPs in this new format, which carried 4 songs on a 45-rpm record.

For seven years, Gilberto's career was at a low ebb. He rarely had any work, was dependent on his friends for living quarters, and fell into chronic depression. Eventually, in 1955 he was rescued from this rut by Luiz Telles, leader of the vocal group Quitandinha Serenaders, who took him to [[Porto Alegre]] in southern Brazil. In this provincial town João Gilberto blossomed musically. Next he spent eight months with his sister in [[Diamantina, Minas Gerais]],<ref>[http://translate.google.com.br/translate?sl=pt&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=pt-BR&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abril.com.br%2Fnoticia%2Fdiversao%2Fno_288683.shtml], "Atrás da batida perfeita, João Gilberto muda de endereço várias vezes" from Bravo magazine newsroom</ref> where he sequestered himself and played day and night in a little bathroom (because of the improved acoustic), forging a personal style for voice and guitar, that would come to be known as [[bossa nova]]. The first [[bossa nova]] song, titled "[[Bim-Bom]]", was written as Gilberto watched passing laundresses on the banks of the [[São Francisco River]] balance loads of clothes on their heads.

Just after this time Gilberto's father, upset by João's bizarre singing style and refusal to take "normal" work, committed him to a mental hospital. In a psychological interview there, Gilberto stared out the window and remarked, “Look at the wind depilating the trees.” The psychologist replied, “But trees have no hair, João,” to which Gilberto responded, “And there are people, who have no poetry.” He was released after a week. The next year (1956) he returned to Rio and struck up old acquaintances, most significantly [[Antonio Carlos Jobim]], who was by then working as a composer, producer and arranger with [[Odeon Records]]. Jobim was impressed with Gilberto's new style of guitar playing, and set about finding a suitable song to pitch the style to Odeon management.

Bossa nova ("new style") is a refined version of [[samba (music)|samba]], de-emphasizing the percussive aspect of its rhythm and enriching the melodic and harmonic content. Rather than relying on the traditional Afro-Brazilian percussive instruments, João Gilberto often eschews all accompaniment except his guitar, which he uses as a percussive as well as a harmonic instrument, incorporating the parts of different samba percussion instruments such as the [[tamborim]] and the [[surdo]] from a full [[batucada]] band. The singing style he developed is almost whispering, economical, and without [[vibrato]]. He creates his tempo tensions by singing ahead or behind the beat.

This style, which Gilberto introduced in 1957, created a sensation in the musical circles of Rio's ''Zona Sul'', and many young guitarists sought to imitate it. It was first heard on record in 1958 in a recording of "[[Chega de Saudade]]", a song by Jobim and [[Vinicius de Moraes]]. Gilberto had first accompanied singer [[Elizeth Cardoso]] as her guitarist in a recording of this song, explaining his vision for the new style, but Cardoso would have none of his singing advice and sung it in the standard way. But shortly after this recording, João Gilberto made his own debut single of the same song, in the new style, followed by the 1959 LP, ''[[Chega de Saudade (album)|Chega de Saudade]]''. The [[Chega de Saudade|song]] () turned into a hit, launching Gilberto's career and the bossa nova craze. Besides a number of Jobim compositions, the album featured older sambas and popular songs from the 1940s and 1950s, all performed in Gilberto's distinctive style. This album was followed by two more in 1960 and 1961, by which time the singer featured new songs by a younger generation of performer/composers such as [[Carlos Lyra]] and [[Roberto Menescal]].

By 1962, bossa nova had been embraced by North American jazz musicians such as [[Herbie Mann]], [[Charlie Byrd]], and [[Stan Getz]], who invited Gilberto and Jobim to collaborate on what became one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time, ''[[Getz/Gilberto]]''. Through this album, Gilberto's then wife [[Astrud Gilberto|Astrud]] -- who had never sung professionally prior to this recording session<ref name="AGInt">[http://www.astrudgilberto.com/interview.htm Astrud Gilberto official website - interview]</ref> -- became an international star, and the Jobim/de Moraes composition "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]" became a worldwide pop music standard.

João Gilberto lived in the United States from 1962 until 1969, when he moved to [[Mexico]] for two years. There he recorded ''João Gilberto en México'' (1970). ''[[João Gilberto (1973 album)|João Gilberto]]'', aka the "White Album" (1973), featured hypnotic minimalist execution, limited to the singer, his guitar, and Sonny Carr on drums. 1976 saw the release of ''The Best of Two Worlds'', a reunion with Stan Getz, featuring singer [[Miúcha]], (sister of [[Chico Buarque]]), who had become Gilberto's second wife in April 1965. ''Amoroso'' (1977) backed Gilberto with the lush string orchestration of [[Claus Ogerman]], who had provided a similar sound to Jobim's instrumental recordings in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As had been the case for all of Gilberto's albums, the album consisted mostly of Jobim compositions, mixed with older sambas and an occasional North American standard from the 1940s.

João Gilberto returned to Brazil in 1980. The following year saw the release of ''Brasil'', with guests [[Gilberto Gil]] and [[Caetano Veloso]], who in the late 1960s had founded the [[Tropicalia]] movement, a fusion of Brazilian popular music with foreign pop. The 1991 release ''João'', with orchestrations by [[Clare Fischer]], was unusual in its lack of even a single Jobim composition, instead featuring songs in English, French, Italian, and Spanish, plus old sambas and the solitary contemporary song "Sampa" (Caetano Veloso). Also released in 1991 was the album ''Canto do Pajé'' by Veloso's sister [[Maria Bethânia]], on which Bethânia and Gilberto sing an intimate medley of "Maria" (Ary Barroso/Luiz Peixoto) and "Linda Flor"' (Henrique Vogeler/Luiz Peixoto/Marques Pôrto), accompanied solely by his guitar. ''João Voz e Violão'' (2000) was an homage to the music of Gilberto's youth as well as a nod to producer Caetano Veloso.

Evenly interspersed with these studio recordings have been the live recordings ''Live in Montreux''; ''João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira''; ''Eu Sei Que Vou Te Amar''; ''Live at Umbria Jazz''; and ''Live in Tokyo''.

While all of Gilberto's albums since ''Getz/Gilberto'' have been released on CD, the first three domestic albums were released in 1988 by [[EMI]] on a single CD entitled ''The Legendary João Gilberto: The Original Bossa Nova Recordings (1958–1961)''. The disc also included three tracks from the singer's 1959 ''[[Orfeu Negro]]'' EP: "[[Manhã de Carnaval]]," ''O Nosso Amor,'' and ''[[A Felicidade]],'' the latter two merged into a single medley track to fit within the recording time of a CD. After its release, Gilberto successfully sued to have the title removed from sale as an unauthorized release of his artistic works.

João Gilberto has long had a reputation as an eccentric artist who values his privacy. He lives in an apartment in Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, and frequently shuns interviews and crowds. He has high standards for acoustics and noise control. He has been known to walk out on performances, citing reasons such as poor acoustics or audiences that interfere with the music by creating inappropriate noise. On several occasions he requested that the air conditioning be turned off at concert venues. During a recording session of the song "Rosa Morena" Gilberto insisted on 28 takes to get the pronunciation of the 'o' in "Rosa" just right.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}

He continues to perform, though rarely, to sell-out crowds in Brazil, Europe, North America, and Japan. His planned public performances in Madrid (2009) and New York (2010) were cancelled with short notice. A 2011 mini-tour of Brazil was cancelled due to health reasons. He is the father of singer [[Bebel Gilberto]] (Isabel), via his marriage to Miúcha.

In 1997, João sued record label [[EMI]] over a reissuing of several of his early works, which he contended were poorly remastered. According to [[The New York Times]], "A statement by his lawyer at the time declared, that the reissues contained sound effects that 'did not pertain to the original recordings, banalizing the work of a great artist.'" Following the incident, EMI ceased to manufacture the albums in question, and, as of 2008, the lawsuit is yet to reach a decision.

For his work in the album João Voz E Violão, João won the Grammy award for Best World Music Album (2000) [http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=Jo%C3%A3o+Gilberto&title=&year=All&genre=All]

==Discography==
[[Image:Joao Gilberto.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]

* 1951: ''Quando Você Recordar/Amar é Bom''
* 1951: ''Anjo Crue/Sem Elal''
* 1952: ''Quando Ela Sai/Meia Luz''
* 1958: ''Chega de Saudade/Bim Bom''
* 1958: ''Desafinado/Hô-bá-lá-lá''
* 1959: ''[[Chega de Saudade (album)|Chega de Saudade]]''
* 1960: ''[[O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor]]''
* 1961: ''[[João Gilberto (1961 album)|João Gilberto]]''
* 1961: ''Brazil's Brilliant João Gilberto''
* 1962: ''João Gilberto Cantando as Musicás do Filme Orfeo do Carnaval''
* 1962: ''Boss of Bossa Nova''
* 1962: ''Bossa Nova at Carnegie Hall''
* 1963: ''The Warm World of João Gilberto''
* 1964: ''[[Getz/Gilberto]]''
* 1965: ''Herbie Mann & João Gilberto with Antonio Carlos Jobim''
* 1966: ''[[Getz/Gilberto Vol. 2]]''
* 1970: ''[[João Gilberto en Mexico]]''
* 1973: ''[[João Gilberto (1973 album)|João Gilberto]]''
* 1976: ''[[The Best of Two Worlds]]''
* 1977: ''[[Amoroso (album)|Amoroso]]''
* 1977: ''Gilberto and Jobim''
* 1980: ''[[João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira (album)|João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira]]''
* 1981: ''[[Brasil (1981 album)|Brasil]]''
* 1985: ''Interpreta Tom Jobim''
* 1985: ''[[Meditação (album)|Meditação]]''
* 1986: ''[[Live in Montreux]]''
* 1987: ''[[Live in Montreux]]''
* 1988: ''O Mito''
* 1990: ''[[Stan Getz meets João & Astrud Gilberto]]''
* 1991: ''[[João (album)|João]]''
* 1994: ''[[Eu Sei que Vou Te Amar (album)|Eu Sei que Vou Te Amar]]''
* 2000: ''[[João Voz e Violão]]''
* 2002: ''[[Live at Umbria Jazz]]''
* 2004: ''[[In Tokyo]]''

-João Gilberto's first five records released from 1951-1958 were all [[Gramophone record|78 rpm]] single editions.

-The album ''João Gilberto'' released in 1970 is the same version as ''João Gilberto en Mexico'' in the same year but by different record companies.

-''Live in Montreux'' from 1987 is the same version as the one released in 1986. The version in 1986 was released in Brasil whereas the 1987 one was released in USA. Both were recorded live.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/15/arts/music/15ratl.html?pagewanted=print], "João Gilberto's Pioneering Bossa Nova Records Are Caught In a Legal Limbo" by [[The New York Times]]
*[http://www.bossanova.mus.br/artigos/joao/joao.htm], "The Man Who Invented Bossa Nova" by Daniella Thompson
*

==Sources==
*Castro, Ruy (trans. by Lysa Salsbury). "Bossa Nova: The Story of the Brazilian Music That Seduced the World." 2000. 1st English language edition. A Capella Books, an imprint of Chicago Review Press, Inc. ISBN 1-55652-409-9 First published in Brasil by Companhia das Letras. 1990.
*McGowan, Chris and Pessanha, Ricardo. "The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova and the Popular Music of Brazil." 1998. 2nd edition. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-545-3
*Gridley, Mark. Jazz Styles: History and Analysis. 9th. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, Print.

==External links==
*[http://www.showbras.com.br/joaogilberto/ João Gilberto Web Site] by ShowBras, previous agent
*[http://daniellathompson.com/Texts/Brazzil/Plain_Joao.htm Plain João—The Man Who Invented Bossa Nova], a biographical profile by Daniella Thompson
*[http://joaogilberto.org/ João Gilberto Discography] by Laura Pelner McCarthy
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/14740047/Bossa-Nova-Carnegie-Hall-1962 Nos bastidores do legendario concerto da bossa nova 1962]
*[http://www.thebraziliansound.com/ The Brazilian Sound: Brazilian Music & Culture Website]
*[http://www.etc.ch/~jason/tabs.html Bossa Nova Guitar Transcriptions (Mostly of songs performed by João Gilberto)]
*[http://www.slipcue.com/music/brazil/gilberto.html João Gilberto Discography] on Slipcue.com
*[http://worldsofwanwood.blogspot.com/2011/08/joao-gilberto-early-records-1957-1961.html Joao Gilberto: The Early Records] a special on Gilberto at the blog ''Worlds of Wanwood''

{{Grammy Award for Album of the Year 1960s}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Gilberto, Joao
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =June 10, 1931
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gilberto, Joao}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bossa nova singers]]
[[Category:Bossa nova guitarists]]
[[Category:Brazilian jazz singers]]
[[Category:Brazilian jazz guitarists]]
[[Category:Brazilian male singers]]
[[Category:Latin jazz singers]]
[[Category:People from Bahia]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Portuguese-language singers]]
[[Category:Música Popular Brasileira singers]]

[[bg:Жуау Жилберту]]
[[de:João Gilberto]]
[[es:João Gilberto]]
[[eo:João Gilberto]]
[[eu:João Gilberto]]
[[fa:ژوآئو ژیلبرتو]]
[[fr:João Gilberto]]
[[gl:João Gilberto]]
[[ko:조앙 지우베르투]]
[[io:João Gilberto]]
[[id:João Gilberto]]
[[it:João Gilberto]]
[[he:ז'ואאו ז'ילברטו]]
[[ka:ჟოაო ჟილბერტო]]
[[hu:João Gilberto]]
[[nl:João Gilberto]]
[[ja:ジョアン・ジルベルト]]
[[no:João Gilberto]]
[[pl:João Gilberto]]
[[pt:João Gilberto]]
[[ro:João Gilberto]]
[[ru:Жилберту, Жуан]]
[[sl:João Gilberto]]
[[fi:João Gilberto]]
[[sv:João Gilberto]]
[[th:ชูเอา ชิลเบร์ตู]]
[[uk:Жуан Жілберту]]

Stroke count method

2012-08-21T11:04:41Z

220.255.2.26: /* See also */

{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
The '''Stroke Count Method''' ([[simplified Chinese]]: 笔画; [[pinyin]]: bǐ huà) is an [[input method editor]] used for entering [[Chinese character]]s on mobile phones and other electronic devices which is based on the order of the [[Stroke (CJK character)|stroke]]s of hand-written characters. This input system simplifies character entry by using only 5 different keys that each denote a different stroke:

# A horizontal stroke from left to right (simplified Chinese: 横; pinyin: héng)
# A vertical stroke from top to bottom (simplified Chinese: 竖; pinyin: shù)
# A long diagonal stroke downward from right to left (simplified Chinese: 撇; pinyin: piě)
# A very short dash stroke downward from left to right (simplified Chinese: 点; pinyin: diǎn)
# A horizontal stroke from left to right, ending with a downwards hook to the left (simplified Chinese: 捺; pinyin: nà)

Some people find this method of entering characters into a mobile phone to be faster than pinyin. In fact, many Chinese people - particularly in the southern regions of China like Hong Kong and [[Macau]] - do not learn pinyin, and must rely solely on this method of entering characters on their phones.
it can also be called shi gong

==See also==
* [[Chinese input methods for computers]]
* [[Eight principles of yong|Eight principles of ''yong'']]: how stroke styles is taught to student calligraphers

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stroke Count Method}}poo lah
[[Category:Han character input]]

{{Compu-mobile-stub}}