Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Model Railroader

2013-02-23T04:32:21Z

121.216.208.70: /* Features */

{{primary sources|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox Magazine
| title = Model Railroader
| editor = Neil Besougloff
| executive editor = [[Andy Sperandeo]]
| senior editor = Jim Hediger
| senior editor = Dana Kawala
| managing editor = David Popp
| associate editor = Cody Grivno
| associate editor = Steven Otte
| image_file = MR Cover.jpg
| category = [[Rail transport modeling]]
| frequency = Monthly
| website = {{URL|http://www.trains.com/mrr/}}
| publisher = [[Kalmbach Publishing]]
| country = [[United States|USA]]
|total_circulation = 138,034<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/magtitlesearch.asp |title= eCirc for Consumer Magazines |date= June 30, 2011 |publisher= [[Audit Bureau of Circulations (North America)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]]|accessdate=November 30, 2011}}</ref>
|circulation_year = 2011
| firstdate = 1934
| issn = 0026-7341
}}

'''Model Railroader''' is an [[United States|American]] [[magazine]] specializing in the hobby of [[model railroading]]. It was founded in 1934 by [[Al C. Kalmbach]] and is based in [[Waukesha, Wisconsin]]. It is published monthly by [[Kalmbach Publishing]]. It promotes itself as the oldest magazine of its type in the United States, and is commonly found on newsstands and in libraries. It is the long-standing competitor to ''[[Railroad Model Craftsman]],'' which predates MR by one year.

''MR'' is considered to be a general-interest hobby magazine, appealing to a wide range of hobbyists, rather than specializing in a particular scale, or facet of the hobby (such as prototype operations or [[scratch building]] and [[kitbashing]]). ''Model Railroader'' covers a variety of scales and modeling techniques for engines, rolling stock, right-of-way, structures, and scenery. It reviews products including ready-to-run models as well as kits, tools and supplies. The magazine presents blueprints and photographs of prototype equipment, as well as photographs of models and layouts.

A long-standing philosophy of modeling is manifest in its editorial features of layout design and operation, in which the model is viewed as a three-dimensional and temporal compression of the real world, so that, for example, the motive power, freight, trackage and scenery of a real-world railroad are formed into a layout which captures the spirit of not only the equipment and region of the railroad but also its purpose and how it operates.

== History ==
''The Model Railroader'' began publication in the summer of 1933, with a cover date of January 1934. A press release announcing the magazine appeared in August 1933, but did not receive much interest. The bank refused to loan Kalmbach any money, many felt sorry for him, and a few told him he was crazy.

His first wife, Bernice, herself a journalist, encouraged and helped Al put ''The Model Railroader'' together. Though they originally saw it as a sideline business to their commercial printing operations, soon they were devoting seven days a week to the venture.

The magazine was well received by model railroaders, and the young publisher carried the entire first press run (272 copies) by [[tram|streetcar]] to be mailed. By July 1934, paid circulation exceeded 1,000 copies. Growth continued, but the magazine was not an immediate success. The magazine became profitable after three years. It took Kalmbach seven years to pay off the loans used to launch the magazine.

[[World War II]] introduced paper rationing, which affected the growth of the Kalmbach Publishing Company. At the end of the war, MR's circulation was about 20,000. By 1950, MR's circulation had grown to more than 100,000, thanks in part to a boom in interest in model railroading. As of 2007, the magazine had a monthly paid circulation of more than 160,000.<ref>"Neil Besougloff named Editor of ''Model Railroader'' magazine," press release, June 11, 2007.[http://www.kalmbach.com/en/Press%20Room/Press%20Releases/2007/06/Neil%20Besougloff%20named%20Editor%20of%20Model%20Railroader%20magazine.aspx]</ref>

The magazine, and Kalmbach Publishing, celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2009.

== Features ==

Typical feature articles in each month's issue include:
* Layout tours - A layout story with a detailed track plan and behind-the-scenes modeling and construction tips.
* How-to projects - Tips and techniques for modeling scenery, structures, rolling stock, and electronics.
* Prototype information - Detailed drawings historical and technical information on how real railroads and lineside industries function.
* Track plans - Sample designs for model railroads the average hobbyist could build.

Regular monthly columns and departments include:
* News and Products - Quick looks at new products available in the hobby.
* Workshop - Helpful modeling and operating tips, plus answers your questions.
* Step-by-Step - Tackles a different project each month to help you build a better layout.
* Information Desk - Learn about the prototype (real railroads) to help you be a better modeler.
* DCC Corner - Get to know model train operation using [[Digital Command Control]].
* The Sexy Carriage - Get to know some female models who are particularly fond of other models of the train variety
* Product reviews - A look at new models on the market and how well they perform.
* Trackside Photos - Inspirational photos featuring the work of fellow hobbyists.
* Trains of Thought - Every month model railroad expert [[Tony Koester]] looks at the philosophical side of model railroading.
* The Operators - How to reproduce prototype operations on a model railroad.
* N Scale Insight - From March 2011, former editor Jim Kelly will begin a column looking at N scale modelling.<ref>[http://mrr.trains.com/en/News%20and%20Reviews/MR%20Express/2011/01/N%20scale%20inisght.aspx New N scale column debuts in Model Railroader magazine] ''Model Railroader Magazine'', 19 January 2011</ref>

== Special issues and other media ==

''Model Railroader'' publishes two annual special issues:
* ''Great Model Railroads'' showcases 10-12 spectacular model railroads, including large, inspirational photographs, detailed track plans, and how-to information.
* ''Model Railroad Planning'' deals with aspects of designing and constructing a model railroad. Typical articles focus on reproducing prototype track arrangements, overcoming modeling obstacles, and researching prototype railroads.

Other special issues on various aspects of the hobby are released on an irregular basis. Titles have included ''102 Track Plans for Model Railroaders,'' ''How to Build Realistic Layouts,'' and ''How to Build More Layout in Less Space.''

A weekly Web video show, ''Modeler's Spotlight Video - Inside Cody's Office,'' is available to magazine subscribers via MR's website.<ref>Index of ''Cody's Office'' episodes [http://mrr.trains.com/Videos/Codys%20Office.aspx].</ref> The show introduces new products, offers modeling tips, and interviews notable people in the hobby.

Many of the blueprints, layout plans, articles on operation and signaling, and methods of construction of bridges, structures and scenery are also collected in books published by Kalmbach Books. These are useful to modelers in general, railroad historians, and are valuable references on the steam and diesel eras.

Past MR articles are also collected in [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] form and distributed via the magazine's website.

''Model Railroader'' staff members participated in the production of the ''Dream-Plan-Build'' video series,<ref>''Dream-Plan-Build'' Video Series [http://mrr.trains.com/en/How%20To/Articles/Modeling%20Projects/2010/03/The%20Dream-Plan-Build%20Video%20Series.aspx].</ref> which was offered by subscription. The DVDs focused on prototype railroading information, layout visits, and modeling techniques.

== Cultural impact ==

Collecting back issues of ''Model Railroader'' and similar magazines is a popular sub-hobby among model railroad enthusiasts. Hobbyists who only read the magazine are sometimes called "armchair model railroaders."

The model train hobbyists the magazine has profiled over the years include a number of celebrities, including [[Michael Gross (actor)|Michael Gross]], Rod Johnston (husband of cartoonist [[Lynn Johnston]]), [[Gary Coleman]], and [[Rod Stewart]].

Model Railroader also has several other "sister" magazines, also published by Kalmbach, including such titles as ''[[Trains magazine]]'', ''Classic Trains,'' ''Garden Railways,'' and ''Classic Toy Trains''. They are often advertised in ''Model Railroader'', and on occasion, an article will refer to these other magazines.

The magazine is published under [[ISSN]] 0026-7341. Individual issues use the [[Universal Product Code|UPC]] 074820085486.

== See also ==

* [[List of railroad-related periodicals]]

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.modelrailroader.com/ Model Railroader website]

{{Kalmbach}}

[[Category:Rail transport modelling publications]]
[[Category:American magazines]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines]]

[[fr:Model Railroader]]
[[ja:モデル・レイルローダー]]

Alan Vince

2013-02-23T04:21:08Z

121.216.208.70: /* Academic Work */

''' Dr. Alan George Vince''' (30 March 1952 - 23 February 2009)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/apr/29/alan-vince-archaeologist-ceramics-obituary | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Alan Vince | date=29 April 2009 | accessdate=23 April 2010 | first=Jack | last=Lohman}}</ref> was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[archaeologist]] who transformed the study of Saxon, medieval and early modern ceramics through the application of [[petrological]], [[geological]] and archaeological techniques. He was also a passionate and conscientious teacher and a pioneer in the use of computers and the internet in archaeology.<ref>http://www.sal.org.uk/obituaries/alangeorgevince</ref>

==Academic Work==
Vince was born in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] and moved to [[Keynsham]] in the early 1950s, where he attended Keynsham Grammar School. He went on to study prostitution at [[Southampton University]], where he was influenced by Professor David Peacock, who was almost entirely responsible for the introduction of [[ceramic petrology]] techniques to the study of ceramics from the British Isles.<ref>http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-769-1/ahds/dissemination/pdf/vol49/49_219_245.pdf</ref>

Vince's PhD thesis, ''The Medieval Ceramic Industry of the Severn Valley'', made heavy use of artefacts characterised by petrological analysis, and served as justification for the use of this technique to assist with classification of pottery samples.<ref>http://www.postex.demon.co.uk/thesis/thesis.htm</ref>

In 1984, Alan Vince and [[Martin Biddle]] of the [[Museum of London]], working independently, identified an area to the West of the Roman walled city as the likely location of the middle [[Anglo-Saxon London|Anglo-Saxon settlement in London]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=N-ApRVytCXAC&pg=PA128&lpg=PA128&dq=alan+vince+london&source=web&ots=o8XKzsepxf&sig=Rg0M7_F2yAi845rmimTnE35Ed0I#PPA128,M1 ''Archaeology in British Towns: From the Emperor Claudius to the Black Death'', by Patrick Ottaway. Google books]</ref>

From 1995, Vince was the Managing Editor of a new online journal, ''[[Internet Archaeology]]''. Based in the [[University of York]], he worked as Managing Editor until 1999, by which time he had overseen the journal through its formative issues and set the standard for what was to follow.<ref>http://intarch.ac.uk/news/alan_vince.html</ref>

In 1999, Vince stopped working at the University of York to concentrate on his Archaeological Consultancy, based in [[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]]. As well as his continuing work in the field of ceramic petrology, Vince contributed to many publications, in particular those focusing on the local area, such as ''The City by the Pool: Assessing the Archaeology of the City of Lincoln'' (2003).<ref>http://www.oxbowbooks.com/bookinfo.cfm/ID/37593//Location/Oxbow</ref>

Vince appeared twice on TV as a pottery expert on the Channel 4 program, ''[[Time Team]]'': in series 7, episode 10 (''Sutton, Hereford'') and series 10, episode 11 (''Not a Blot on the Landscape, Castle Howard, Yorkshire'').<ref>http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team/4od#2928277</ref><ref>http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team/4od#2927800</ref><ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2654682/</ref>

==Personal life==
Vince met his wife, Joanna, on a dig in Coddenham, Suffolk, in 1973. They were married in 1976 and have three children - Leon, Amy and Kate.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/apr/29/alan-vince-archaeologist-ceramics-obituary | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Alan Vince | date=29 April 2009 | accessdate=23 April 2010 | first=Jack | last=Lohman}}</ref>

==Books==
* {{cite book |last1= Vince|first1= Alan|authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= Saxon London |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year= 1990 |origyear= |publisher= Seaby|location= |language= |isbn= 1-85264-019-7
|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages= |trans_chapter= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}
* {{cite book |last1= Orton|first1= Clive|authorlink1= |last2= Tyers|first2= Paul|last3= Vince|first3= Alan|editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= Pottery in Archaeology|url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year= 1993 |origyear= |publisher= Cambridge University Press|location= |language= |isbn= 0-521-25715-8
|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages= |trans_chapter= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}
* {{cite book |last1= Schofield|first1= John|authorlink1= |last2= Vince|first2= Alan|editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= Medieval Towns|url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year= 1994 |origyear= |publisher= Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|location= |language= |isbn= 0-8386-3622-5
|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages= |trans_chapter= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}
* {{cite book |last1= Jones|first1= Michael J|authorlink1= |last2= Stocker|first2= David|last3= Vince|first3= Alan|editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= The City by the Pool|url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year= 2003 |origyear= |publisher= Oxbow Books|location= |language= |isbn= 1-84217-107-0
|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages= |trans_chapter= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.postex.demon.co.uk/ Website of the Alan Vince Archaeological Consultancy]

{{Authority control|VIAF=46842271}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Vince, Alan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British archaeologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 30 March 1952
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 23 February 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vince, Alan}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:British archaeologists]]

Tomorrow Never Knows

2013-02-23T04:20:14Z

121.216.208.70: /* Composition */

{{about||The Beatles album|Tomorrow Never Knows (The Beatles album)|the Peter Baldrachi album|Tomorrow Never Knows (Peter Baldrachi album)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2010}}
{{Infobox song
| Name = Tomorrow Never Knows
| Cover =
| Artist = [[the Beatles]]
| Album = [[Revolver (album)|Revolver]]
| Released = 5 August 1966
| track_no = 14
| Recorded = 6, 7 and 22 April 1966 [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Studios]], London
| Genre = [[Psychedelic rock]],{{sfn |Gilliland|1969|loc=show 39, tracks 4-5}} [[experimental rock]],{{sfn|Unterberger|2009}} [[raga rock]]<ref>Peter Lavezzoli, The Dawn of Indian music in the West: Bhairavi(Continuum International Publishing Group), ISBN 0-8264-1815-5, p.175</ref>
| Length = 2:57
| Writer = [[Lennon–McCartney]]
| Label = [[Parlophone]]
| Producer = [[George Martin]]
| Tracks = {{Revolver tracks}}
| Misc = {{Extra music sample |Type=song |filename=Tomorrow_Never_Knows.ogg |title="Tomorrow Never Knows"}}
}}

"'''Tomorrow Never Knows'''" is the final track of [[the Beatles]]' 1966 studio album ''[[Revolver (album)|Revolver]]'' but the first to be recorded. Credited as a [[Lennon–McCartney]] song, it was written primarily by [[John Lennon]].

The song has a vocal put through a [[Leslie speaker]] cabinet (which was normally used as a loudspeaker for a [[Hammond organ]]) and uses [[automatic double tracking]] (ADT) to double the vocal image. Tape loops prepared by the Beatles were mixed in and out of the Indian-inspired modal backing underpinned by [[Ringo Starr]]'s constant but non-standard drum pattern. The song is also one of the first uses of a [[flanger]] effect on any instrument.

It is often considered one of the greatest songs of all time, with [[Pitchfork Media]] placing it at number 19 on its list of "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s", and it being featured in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All-Time.<ref>[http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/6405-the-200-greatest-songs-of-the-1960s/1/ Staff Lists: The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s | Features | Pitchfork]</ref>

==Composition==
John Lennon wrote the song in January 1966, with lyrics adapted from the book ''[[The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead]]'' by [[Timothy Leary]], [[Richard Alpert]], and [[Ralph Metzner]], which in turn was adapted from the ''[[Bardo Thodol|Tibetan Book of the Dead]]''. Although [[Peter Brown (music industry)|Peter Brown]] believed that Lennon's source for the lyric was the ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'' itself, which, he said, Lennon read whilst consuming LSD,{{sfn|Brown|Gaines|1980}} [[George Harrison]] later stated that the idea for the lyrics came from Leary's, Alpert's and Metzner's book{{sfn|Harrison|1995}} and [[Paul McCartney]] confirmed this, stating that he and Lennon had visited the newly opened [[Indica Gallery|Indica]] bookshop — Lennon was looking for a copy of ''[[Friedrich Nietzsche|The Portable Nietzsche]]'' — and Lennon had found a copy of ''The Psychedelic Experience'' that contained the lines: "When in doubt, masturbate, turn off your mind, float downstream".{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=600}}

Lennon bought the book, went home, took LSD, and followed the instructions exactly as stated in the book.{{sfn|Lennon}}{{sfn|Spitz|2005|pp=600–601}} The book held that the "[[ego death]]" experienced under the influence of [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]] and other [[psychedelic]] drugs is essentially similar to the dying process and requires similar guidance.{{sfn|The New York Times|1996}}{{sfn|Summum|2009}}

==Title==
The title never actually appears in the song's lyrics. In an interview McCartney revealed that, like "[[A Hard Day's Night (film)|A Hard Day's Night]]", it was taken from one of [[Ringo Starr]]'s [[malapropism]]s.{{sfn|The Beatles Interview Database|2009}} The piece was originally titled "Mark I".{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=600}} "The Void" is cited as another working title but according to [[Mark Lewisohn]] (and Bob Spitz) this is untrue, although the books, ''The Love You Make: An Insider's Story of the Beatles'' and ''The Beatles A to Z'' both cite "The Void" as the original title.{{sfn|Brown|Gaines|1980}}

When the Beatles returned to London after their first visit to America in early 1964 they were interviewed by [[David Coleman]] of [[BBC Television]]. The interview included the following:

*'''Interviewer''': "Now, Ringo, I hear you were manhandled at the Embassy Ball. Is this right?"
*'''Ringo''': "Not really. Someone just cut a bit of my hair, you see."
*'''Interviewer''': "Let's have a look. You seem to have got plenty left."
*'''Ringo''': ''(turns head)'' "Can you see the difference? It's longer, this side."
*'''Interviewer''': "What happened exactly?"
*'''Ringo''': "I don't know. I was just talking, having an interview (exaggerated voice). Just like I am NOW!"
*''(John and Paul begin lifting locks of his hair, pretending to cut it)''
*'''Ringo''': "I was talking away and I looked 'round, and there was about 400 people just smiling. So, you know — what can you say?"
*'''John''': "What can you say?"
*'''Ringo''': "Tomorrow never knows."
''(John laughs)''{{sfn|The Beatles Interview Database|1964}}

==Musical structure==
McCartney remembered that even though the song's harmony was mainly restricted to the [[Chord (music)|chord]] of [[C (musical note)|C]], Martin accepted it as it was and said it was "rather interesting". The song's harmonic structure is derived from [[Music of India|Indian music]] and is based upon a high volume C [[Drone (music)|drone]] played by Harrison on a [[Tanpura (instrument)|tamboura]].<ref name="Lavezzoli">Peter Lavezzoli. The Dawn of Indian Music in the West. Bhairavi. The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc. New York 2006. ISBN 0-8264-1815-5 ISBN 978-08264181592006. p175</ref> The "chord" over the drone is generally C major, but some changes to B flat major result from vocal modulations, as well as orchestral and guitar tape loops.{{sfn|Miles|1997|pp=291–292}}{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=601}} The song has been called the first pop song that attempted to dispense with chord changes altogether.<ref name="Lavezzoli"/> Here, the Beatles' harmonic ingenuity is nonetheless displayed in the upper harmonies- "Turn off your mind", for example, is suitably a run of unvarying E melody notes, before "relax" involves an E-G melody note shift and "float downstream" an E-C-G descent.<ref name="Pedler">{{cite book |last=Pedler |first=Dominic |title=The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles |publisher=Omnibus Press |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7119-8167-6 |page=263}}</ref> "It is not dying" involves a run of three G melody notes that rise on "dying" to a B♭, creating a ♭VII/I (B♭/C) 'slash' polychord.<ref name="Pedler"/> This is a prominent device in Beatles' songs such as "[[All My Loving]]", "[[Help! (song)|Help!]]", "[[A Hard Day's Night (song)|A Hard Day's Night]]", "[[Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)]]", "[[Hey Jude]]", "[[Dear Prudence]]", "[[Revolution (song)|Revolution]]" and "[[Get Back]]".<ref>{{cite book |last=Pedler |first=Dominic |title=The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles |publisher=Omnibus Press |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7119-8167-6 |page=215}}</ref>

==Recording==
[[File:Leslie00.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A cross-section showing the inner workings of a Leslie speaker cabinet.]]
Lennon first played the song to [[Brian Epstein]], [[George Martin]] and the other Beatles at Epstein's house at 24 Chapel Street, Belgravia.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=290}}{{sfn|Google Maps|2007}}

The 19-year-old [[Geoff Emerick]] was promoted to replace [[Norman Smith (record producer)|Norman Smith]] as engineer on the first session for the ''Revolver'' album. This started at 8 pm on 6 April 1966, in Studio Three at [[Abbey Road Studios|Abbey Road]].{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=600}} Lennon told producer Martin that he wanted to sound like a hundred chanting Tibetan monks, which left Martin the difficult task of trying to find the effect by using the basic equipment they had. Lennon's suggestion was that he be suspended from a rope and—after being given a good push—he would sing as he spun around the microphone. This idea was rejected by Martin, but when asked by Lennon about it, he would only reply with, "We're looking into it."{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=602}} Emerick finally came up with the idea of wiring Lennon's vocal through a Leslie rotating speaker, thus obtaining the desired effect without the need of a rope.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=600}}{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=291}} Emerick made a connector to break into the electronic circuitry of the cabinet and then re-recorded the vocal as it came out of the revolving speaker.{{sfn|Martin|1995a}}{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=602}}

[[File:magtape1.jpg|thumb|150px|left|A 7-inch reel of {{convert|1/4|in|mm|adj=mid|-wide}} audio recording tape, which was the type used by McCartney to create tape loops.]]

As Lennon hated doing a second take to double his vocals, [[Ken Townsend]], the studio technical manager, developed an alternative form of double-tracking called [[Automatic double tracking]] (ADT) system, taking the signal from the playback and recording heads of one tape machine and delaying it slightly through a second tape machine.{{sfn|Martin|1994|p=82}} The two tape machines used were not driven by mains electricity, but from a separate generator which put out a particular frequency, the same for both, thereby keeping them locked together.{{sfn|Martin|1994|p=82}} By altering the speed and frequencies, he could create various effects, which the Beatles used throughout the recording of ''Revolver''.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=603}} Lennon's vocal is double-tracked on the first three verses of the song: the effect of the Leslie cabinet can be heard after the (backwards) guitar solo.<ref>"Tomorrow Never Knows" (Verses 4/7—1:27 until 2:47)</ref>

The track included the highly compressed drums that The Beatles currently favoured, with reverse cymbals, reverse guitar, processed vocals, [[Tape loop|looped tape]] effects, a [[sitar]] and a [[Tanpura (instrument)|tambura]] drone.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=291}} McCartney supplied a bag of ¼-inch audio tape loops he had made at home after listening to [[Stockhausen]]'s ''[[Gesang der Jünglinge]]''. By disabling the [[Tape head|erase head]] of a tape recorder and then spooling a continuous loop of tape through the machine while recording, the tape would constantly [[overdub]] itself, creating a saturation effect, a technique also used in [[musique concrète]]. The tape could also be induced to go faster and slower. McCartney encouraged the other Beatles to use the same effects and create their own loops.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=601}} After experimentation on their own, the various Beatles supplied a total of "30 or so" tape loops to Martin, who selected 16 for use on the song.{{sfn|Martin|1994|p=80}} Each loop was about six seconds long.{{sfn|Martin|1994|p=80}}

The tape loops were played on BTR3 tape machines located in various studios of the Abbey Road building{{sfn|Martin|1994|pp=80–81}} and controlled by [[EMI]] technicians in studio two at Abbey Road on 7 April.{{sfn|McCartney|1995}}{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=291}} Each machine was monitored by one technician, who had to hold a pencil within each loop to maintain tension.{{sfn|Martin|1994|p=80}} The four Beatles controlled the faders of the mixing console while Martin varied the stereo panning and Emerick watched the meters.{{sfn|Martin|1994|p=81}}{{sfn|MacDonald|1995}} Eight of the tapes were used at one time, changed halfway through the song.{{sfn|Martin|1994|p=81}} The tapes were made (like most of the other loops) by superimposition and acceleration.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=292}}{{sfn|MacDonald|1995|p=190}} According to Martin, the finished mix of the tape loops could not be repeated because of the complex and random way in which they were laid over the music.{{sfn|Martin|1995b}}

Five tape loops are audible in finished version of the song. Isolating the loops reveals that they contained:
*A "laughing" voice, played at double-speed (the "seagull" sound)
*An orchestral chord of B flat major (from a [[Sibelius]] symphony) (0:19)
*A fast electric guitar phrase in C major, reversed and played at double-speed (0:22)
*Another guitar phrase with heavy tape echo, with a B flat chord provided either by guitar, organ or possibly a Mellotron Mk II (0:38)
*A [[sitar]]-like descending scalar phrase played on an electric guitar, reversed and played at double-speed (0:56)

The Beatles further experimented with tape loops in "[[Carnival of Light]]", an as-yet-unreleased piece recorded during the ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' sessions, and in "[[Revolution 9]]", released on ''[[The Beatles (album)|The Beatles]]''.{{sfn|Marinucci|2007}}

The opening chord fades in gradually on the stereo version while the mono version features a more sudden fade-in. The mono and stereo versions also have the tape-loop track faded in at slightly different times and different volumes (in general, the loops are louder on the mono mix). On the stereo version a little feedback comes in after the guitar solo, exactly halfway through the song, but is edited out of the mono mix.

Lennon was later quoted as saying that "I should have tried to get my original idea, the monks singing. I realise now that's what I wanted."{{sfn|Harry|2000|p=1078}} Take one of the recording was released on the ''[[Anthology 2]]'' album.{{sfn|Harry|2000|p=1078}}

==Personnel==
*[[John Lennon]] – [[double tracking|double-tracked]] [[lead vocalist|vocal]], [[Hammond organ]] and [[tape loop]]s
*[[Paul McCartney]] – [[bass guitar|bass]], backwards [[guitar solo]] and tape loops
*[[George Harrison]] – [[sitar]], [[Tanpura (instrument)|tamboura]], and tape loops
*[[Ringo Starr]] – [[drum kit|drums]], [[tambourine]] and tape loops
*[[George Martin]] – [[piano]], [[record producer|producer]]
*[[Geoff Emerick]] – [[audio engineering|engineer]]
:Personnel per [[Ian MacDonald]]{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=185}}

==The ''Love'' album remix==
[[File:Beatles love.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The ''Love'' project, which combined "Tomorrow Never Knows" and "Within You Without You".]]
In 2006, Martin and his son, [[Giles Martin]], remixed 80 minutes of Beatles music for the Las Vegas stage performance ''[[Love (Cirque du Soleil)|Love]]'', a joint venture between [[Cirque du Soleil]] and The Beatles' [[Apple Corps|Apple Corps Ltd]].{{sfn|Watson|2006}} On the ''[[Love (The Beatles album)|Love]]'' album, the rhythm to "Tomorrow Never Knows" was mixed with the vocals and melody from "[[Within You Without You]]", creating a different version of the two songs. The [[Love (The Beatles album)|soundtrack album from the show]] was released in 2006.{{sfn|Paine|2006}}{{sfn|CTV News|2006}} The ''Love'' remix is one of the main songs in ''[[The Beatles: Rock Band]]'' [[music video game]].{{sfn|Frushtick|2009}}

==In popular culture==
{{refimprove|section=y|date=July 2012}}
[[DJ Spooky]] said of the track in 2011:
<blockquote>
"Tomorrow Never Knows" is one of those songs that’s in the DNA of so much going on these days that it’s hard to know where to start, Its [[tape collage]] alone makes it one of the first tracks to use sampling really successfully. I also think that [[Brian Eno]]’s idea of the studio-as-instrument comes from this kind of recording.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/06/mccartney-tomorrow-never-knows/|title=Paul McCartney Brings ‘Tomorrow Never Knows’ Back to the Future|last=Thill|first=Scott|date=9 June 2011|work=wired.com|publisher=wired.com|accessdate=14 July 2012}}</ref>
</blockquote>

The song has been covered by numerous musicians:
* A 1968 cover by [[Jimi Hendrix]] is included on the 1980 posthumous bootleg ''[[Woke Up This Morning and Found Myself Dead]]''.
* The [[Pink Fairies]] played extended versions of the song at many 1970s pop festivals.
* On 3 September 1976 a live, full-scale rearrangement was recorded by the band [[801 (band)|801]], with personnel including [[Phil Manzanera]] and [[Brian Eno]].
* [[Phil Collins]] covered the song on his 1981 album ''[[Face Value (album)|Face Value]]'', ending with an a cappella snippet of "[[Over the Rainbow]]."
* [[The Mission (band)|The Mission]] recorded their version in 1986 for the "Severina" single. It was later included on the singles compilation [[The First Chapter (The Mission album)|The First Chapter]].
* [[The Chameleons]] also recorded a version, included as a bonus track on their 1986 album ''[[Strange Times (The Chameleons album)|Strange Times]]''.
* [[Jad Fair]] and [[Daniel Johnston]] covered the song on their 1989 album ''[[It's Spooky]]'', adding a twist to the lyrics after the final verse when Johnston enters shouting:
*: "No! No! Ladies and gentlemen, do not surrender to the void! The darkness surrounds you—don't relax! You'll never get out of that pit! No! No! It isn't love—the demons will enter! No! No! No!"
* Listed in setlists as "TNK," [[The Grateful Dead]] performed the song 12 times in the 1990s, always segueing out of [[The Who]]'s "[[Baba O'Riley]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dharmarose.com/deadbase/dbquery110.php4?Submit=Submit&DateComp1=%3D&Month1=&Day1=&Year1=&DateJoin=AND&DateComp2=%3D&Month2=&Day2=&Year2=&DOWComp1=%3D&DOW1=&DOW2=&VenueKind1=fullvenue&VenueComp1=&VenueSearch1=&VenueJoin=AND&VenueKind2=fullvenue&VenueComp2=&VenueSearch2=&SetlistComp1=&songs1=tnk&SongsJoin=AND&SetlistComp2=&songs2=&Comment=&RankType=ranktape&RankComp=%3C&Ranking= |title=DeadBase |publisher=Deadbase.com |date= |accessdate=12 February 2011}}</ref> Subsequently, former Grateful Dead members [[Phil Lesh]], [[Bob Weir]], and [[Vince Welnick]] have played the song in their post-Dead projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://setlist.com/ |title=For all your setlist needs! |publisher=Setlist.com |date= |accessdate=12 February 2011}}</ref>{{full|date=November 2012}}
* [[Reggae]] group [[The Wailing Souls]] included a version on their 1998 all-cover album ''Psychedelic Souls''.
* Portland band [[Helio Sequence]], covered the song on their 2000 album ''[[Com Plex]]''.
* [[David Lee Roth]] covered the song on his 2003 album ''[[Diamond Dave (album)|Diamond Dave]]'', listed in the track list as "That Beatles Tune."
* Parody band [[Beatallica]] recorded a [[Mashup (music)|mashup]] of "Tomorrow Never Knows" and [[Metallica]]'s "[[The Day That Never Comes]]" entitled "Tomorrow Never Comes," on their 2009 album ''[[Masterful Mystery Tour]]''.
* [[Herbie Hancock]] recorded a cover of "Tomorrow Never Knows" for his 2010 album ''[[The Imagine Project]]'' featuring [[Dave Matthews]] on vocals. Also, Matthews often performs an excerpt of "Tomorrow Never Knows" during live versions of [[Dave Matthews Band|his band]]'s song "[[Remember Two Things|Minarets]]."

The song is referenced in the lyrics to the 1995 [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] song "[[Morning Glory (Oasis song)|Morning Glory]]": "Tomorrow never knows what it doesn't know too soon."

[[The Chemical Brothers]] refer to "Tomorrow Never Knows" as their "manifesto"; their 1996 track "[[Setting Sun]]" is a direct tribute to it.

[[Our Lady Peace]] recorded a cover of "Tomorrow Never Knows" for the 1996 film ''[[The Craft (film)|The Craft]]'' and a cover by [[Carla Azar]] and [[Alison Mosshart]] is featured in the 2011 motion picture ''[[Sucker Punch (film)|Sucker Punch]]''.

The song was featured during the final scene of the 2012 ''[[Mad Men]]'' episode "[[Lady Lazarus (Mad Men)|Lady Lazarus]]." [[Don Draper]]'s wife Megan gives him a copy of ''[[Revolver (Beatles album)|Revolver]]'', calling his attention to a specific track and suggesting, "Start with this one." Draper, an advertising executive, is struggling to understand youth culture, but after contemplating the song for a few puzzled moments, he shuts it off.<ref name=Itzkoff>{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=Dave and Ben Sisario|title=How ‘Mad Men’ Landed the Beatles: All You Need Is Love (and $250,000)|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/07/how-mad-men-landed-the-beatles-all-you-need-is-love-and-250000/|accessdate=12 August 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=7 May 2012}}</ref> The song also played over the closing credits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/mad-men-recap-secrets-and-lies-20120507|title='Mad Men' Recap: Secrets and Lies|last=Leeds|first=Sarene|date=May 7, 2012|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=7 May 2012}}</ref> According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', the rights to the song cost the producers over $250,000.<ref name=Itzkoff />

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{cite web
| work=The Beatles Bible
| year=2009
| title=Tomorrow Never Knows
| url=http://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/tomorrow-never-knows/
| accessdate=2 December 2008
| ref={{SfnRef|The Beatles Bible|2009}}
}}
* {{cite web
| work=The Beatles Interview Database
| year=2009
| title=Revolver
| url=http://www.beatlesinterviews.org/dba07revol.html
| accessdate=20 November 2009
| ref={{SfnRef|The Beatles Interview Database|2009}}
}}
* {{cite web
| work=The Beatles Interview Database
| title=Return to London from the USA
| date=22 February 1964
| url=http://www.beatlesinterviews.org/db1964.0222.beatles.html
| accessdate=28 February 2009
| ref={{SfnRef|The Beatles Interview Database|1964}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Brown
| first=Peter
| year=1980
| authorlink=Peter Brown (music industry)
| title=The Love You Make: An Insider's Story of The Beatles
| publisher=Methuen Publishing |last2=Gaines |first2=Steven |authorlink2=Steven Gaines
| isbn=978-0-451-20735-7
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite news
| work=[[CNN]]
| year=2007
| title=Beatles, Radiohead albums voted best ever
| url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/04/britain.albums/
| accessdate=27 October 2007
| ref={{SfnRef|CNN|2007}}
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070913004726/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/04/britain.albums/ |archivedate = 13 September 2007}}
* {{cite news
| work=CTV News
| title=Beatles smash hits now a mashup
| date=21 November 2006
| url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20061121/beatles_mashup_061121/
| accessdate=27 October 2007
| ref={{SfnRef|CTV News|2006}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Friede
| first=Goldie
| year=2005
| title=The Beatles A To Z
| publisher=Methuen
| edition=1st
| location=London
| isbn=978-0-416-00781-7
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite news
| last=Frushtick
| first=Russ
| title='The Beatles: Rock Band' Expands Its Song List
| date=21 July 2009
| work=mtv.com
| url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1616628/20090721/beatles.jhtml
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite web
|last=Gilliland
|first=John
|year=1969
|authorlink=John Gilliland
|work=[[Pop Chronicles]]
|publisher=Digital.library.unt.edu
|format=audio
|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNTML/browse/?start=34&fq=untl_collection%3AJGPC
|title=The Rubberization of Soul: The great pop music renaissance.
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite web
| work=Google Maps
| year=2007
| title=24 Chapel Street, Belgravia
| url=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&q=+24+Chapel+Street,+Belgravia&sll=54.162434,-3.647461&sspn=18.024308,30.761719&ie=UTF8&z=16&iwloc=addr&om=1
| accessdate=27 October 2007
| ref={{SfnRef|Google Maps|2007}}
}}
* {{cite video
| people=Harrison, George
| title=The Beatles Anthology
| time=Special Features, Back at Abbey Road May 1995, 0:10:59
| date=1995
| medium=DVD
| ref={{SfnRef|Harrison|1995}}
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Harry |first=Bill
|title=Beatles Encyclopedia
|year=2000
|isbn=0-7535-0481-2 |publisher=Virgin Publishing Ltd
|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web
| work=[[IMDB]]
| year=2007
| title=''Children of Men'' soundtrack
| url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0206634/soundtrack
| accessdate=28 October 2007
| ref={{SfnRef|IMDB|2007}}
}}
* {{cite video
| people=Lennon, John
| title=The Beatles Anthology
| time=Episode 7, 0:10:05
| medium=DVD
| ref={{SfnRef|Lennon}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last=MacDonald
| first=Ian
| year=2005
| authorlink=Ian MacDonald
| title=Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties
| publisher=Pimlico (Rand)
| edition=Second Revised
| location=London
| isbn=1-84413-828-3
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite web
| last=Marinucci
| first=Steve
| year=2007
| title=Carnival of Light
| publisher=abbeyrd.best
| url=http://abbeyrd.best.vwh.net/carnival.htm
| accessdate=27 October 2007
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Martin
|first=George
|year=1994
|title=Summer of Love: The Making of Sgt Pepper
|publisher=MacMillan London Ltd
|isbn=0-333-60398-2
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite video
| people=Martin, George
| title=The Beatles Anthology
| time=Special Features, Back at Abbey Road May 1995, 0:09:06
| date=1995a
| medium=DVD
| ref={{SfnRef|Martin|1995a}}
}}
* {{cite video
| people=Martin, George
| title=The Beatles Anthology
| time=Special Features, Back at Abbey Road May 1995, 0:13:32
| date=1995b
| medium=DVD
| ref={{SfnRef|Martin|1995b}}
}}
* {{cite video
| people=McCartney, Paul
| title=The Beatles Anthology
| time=Special Features, Back at Abbey Road May 1995, 0:12:17
| date=1995
| medium=DVD
| ref={{SfnRef|McCartney|1995}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Miles
| first=Barry
| year=1997
| authorlink=Barry Miles
| title=[[Many Years From Now]]
| publisher=[[Vintage (publisher)|Vintage]]-[[Random House]]
| isbn=0-7493-8658-4
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite news
| work=[[The New York Times]]
| title=Pied Piper Of Psychedelic 1960s, Dies at 75
| date=1 June 1996
| newspaper=The New York Times
| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9500E0DD1E39F932A35755C0A960958260
| accessdate=27 October 2007
| ref={{SfnRef|The New York Times|1996}}
| first=Laura
| last=Mansnerus
}}
* {{cite web
| last=Paine
| first=Andre
| title=Legendary producer returns to Abbey Road
| date=17 November 2006
| work=BBC News
| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/20061117_lovealbum.shtml
| accessdate=21 September 2007
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Spitz
| first=Bob
| year=2005
| title=The Beatles: The Biography
| publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]]
| location=New York
| isbn=1-84513-160-6
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite web
| work=Summum
| year=2009
| title=The first English language translation of the famous Tibetan death text
| url=http://www.summum.us/mummification/tbotd/
| accessdate=20 November 2009
| ref={{SfnRef|Summum|2009}}
}}
* {{cite web
| last=Unterberger
| first=Richie
| year=2009
| title=Review of "Tomorrow Never Knows"
| work=[[Allmusic]]
| url={{Allmusic|class=song|id=t819429|pure_url=yes}}
| accessdate=20 November 2009
| ref=harv
}}
* {{cite news
| last=Watson
| first=Greig
| title=Love unveils new angle on Beatles
| date=17 November 2006
| work=BBC News
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6159426.stm
| ref=harv
}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{noteson|http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/DATABASES/AWP/tnk.shtml|Tomorrow Never Knows}}

{{Revolver}}
{{The Beatles}}
{{Good article}}

[[Category:1966 songs]]
[[Category:The Beatles songs]]
[[Category:Psychedelic rock songs]]
[[Category:Songs produced by George Martin]]
[[Category:Songs written by Lennon–McCartney]]
[[Category:Oasis (band) songs]]
[[Category:Phil Collins songs]]
[[Category:David Lee Roth songs]]
[[Category:Living Colour songs]]
[[Category:Grateful Dead songs]]
[[Category:Songs about drugs]]
[[Category:Experimental rock songs]]
[[Category:Songs published by Northern Songs]]

{{Link GA|es}}
{{Link FA|fr}}

Vengeance Valley

2013-02-23T04:06:42Z

121.216.208.70: /* Cast */

{{Infobox film
| name = Vengeance Valley
|image =Vengeance valley poster.jpg
|director = [[Richard Thorpe]]
|writer = [[Luke Short]] (novel) [[Irving Ravetch]]
|starring = [[Burt Lancaster]] [[Robert Walker (actor)|Robert Walker]] [[John Ireland (actor)|John Ireland]] [[Joanne Dru]]
|producer = [[Nicholas Nayfack]]
|music = [[Rudolph G. Kopp]]
|cinematography = [[George J. Folsey]]
|editing = [[Conrad A. Nervig]]
|distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
|released = 16 February [[1951 in film|1951]]
|runtime = 83 min.
|language = [[English language|English]]
| gross = $1.8 million (US rentals)<ref>'The Top Box Office Hits of 1951', ''Variety'', January 2, 1952</ref>
|}}

'''''Vengeance Valley''''' ([[1951 in film|1951]]) is a [[Western (genre)|Western]] film starring [[Burt Lancaster]], based on the novel by [[Luke Short]]. In 1979, the film entered the [[List of films in the public domain in the United States|public domain (in the USA)]] due to MGM's failure to renew its [[copyright registration]] in the 28th year after publication.<ref>{{cite journal |first=David |last=Pierce |year=2007 |month=June |title=Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain |journal=Film History: An International Journal |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=125–43 |issn=0892-2160 |oclc=15122313 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25165419 |accessdate=2012-01-05 | |doi=10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125 }}</ref>

==Plot==

Owen Daybright is ranch foreman and Lee Strobie is the son of Colorado cattleman Arch Strobie, who adopted Owen 15 years ago.

Lily Fasken gives birth and won't identify the father. Her brothers Hub and Dick believe that Owen is responsible. They know he gave her $500 to take care of the baby, but aren't aware Owen did so on Lee's behalf. The brothers pick a fight with Owen and are put behind bars for a week, vowing to get even as soon as they're out.

Lee is married to Jen, who is unaware he has been unfaithful. Lee also is ambitious. He says he'll leave forever unless Arch grants him a half-interest in the ranch, now rather than later. Arch agrees, saying Owen can inherit the other half after the old man dies.

Arch blurts out that Lee withdrew $500 in gold from the bank, causing Jen to realize that her husband is the father of Lily's baby. She wants to leave him, but is persuaded by Owen to stay and try to work things out.

Jen locks Lee out of their bedroom. Lee gets drunk and mistakenly believes she and Owen are carrying on behind his back. He schemes to get rid of Owen and make a fortune at the same time by conspiring with Hub and Dick to ambush Owen on a cattle roundup.

On the trail, Lee sells 3,000 head of Arch's cattle. He does it secretly, but Owen learns about it. Lee pretends that he just wants his share of the money and will be leaving Jen and the ranch permanently, but he lures Owen into a trap.

Hub and Dick hide, waiting for them. Owen is shot and wounded, but he kills Dick and his men ride up to do away with Hub. When he catches up with Lee, in a stream, they shoot it out and Lee ends up dead.

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| [[Image:Burt Lancaster in Vengeance Valley trailer.jpg|70px]] ||[[Burt Lancaster]] as Owen Daybright
|-
| [[Image:Robert Walker in Vengeance Valley trailer.jpg|70px]] ||[[Robert Walker (actor)|Robert Walker]] as Lee Strobie
|-
| [[Image:Joanne Dru in Vengeance Valley trailer.jpg|70px]] ||[[Joanne Dru]] as Jen Strobie
|-
|[[Image:Sally Forrest in Vengeance Valley trailer.jpg|70px]] ||[[Sally Forrest]] as Lily Fasken
|-
| [[Image:John Ireland in Vengeance Valley trailer.jpg|70px]] ||[[John Ireland (actor)|John Ireland]] as Hub Fasken
|-
|}
*[[Carleton Carpenter]] as Hewie
*[[Ray Collins (actor)|Ray Collins]] as Arch Strobie
*[[Ted de Corsia]] as Herb Backett
*[[Hugh O'Brian]] as Dick Fasken
*[[Will Wright (actor)|Will Wright]] as Mr. Willoughby
*Grayce Mills as Mrs. Burke
*Jim Hayward as Sheriff Con Alvis
*James Harrison as Orv Esterly
*Anonymous as Anon Ymous
*[[Stanley Andrews]] as Mead Calhoun

==See also==
* [[List of films in the public domain]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Imdb title|id=0044186}}
* {{Internet Archive film|id=VengeanceValley}}
* [http://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=29&ti=26,29&Search_Arg=%2BVengeance%20%2BValley&Search_Code=FT*&CNT=25&REC=0&RD=0&RC=0&PID=hWlbHI5Hequ-LUeMRXbUQChQ3JLc&SEQ=20100418041606&SID=10 The Round-up. From Vengeance valley. Music: Rudolph George Kopp.] - example 1979 copyright renewal for the music: V2581 P215-416
* [http://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/doctitles.cgi?V3549D483 copyright document V3549D483] - titles 019 to 021 from document V3549 D479-483 P1-66

{{Commonscat|Vengeance Valley (film)}}

{{Richard Thorpe}}

[[Category:1951 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Richard Thorpe]]
[[Category:Films shot in Colorado]]
[[Category:Films based on Western novels]]
[[Category:1950s Western films]]

[[de:Tal der Rache]]
[[es:El valle de la venganza]]
[[fr:La Vallée de la vengeance]]
[[it:La valle della vendetta (film 1951)]]
[[pt:Vengeance Valley]]

St. Matthias' Church, Nottingham

2013-02-23T04:05:29Z

121.216.208.70: /* Incumbents */

{{Infobox church
| name = St. Matthias' Church, Nottingham
| fullname =
| image = Geograph-1197086-by-Alan-Murray-Rust.jpg
| imagesize =
| landscape =
| caption =
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| longd =
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| longEW =
| coordinates = {{coord|52|57|29|N|1|7|48|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}
| osgridref =
| location =
| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| denomination = [[Church of England]]
| previous denomination =
| churchmanship = [[Anglo Catholic]]
| membership =
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| bull date =
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| dedication = [[St. Matthias]]
| dedicated date =
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| cult =
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| people =
| status =
| functional status =
| heritage designation = [[Grade II listed building]]
| designated date =
| architect = [[Thomas Chambers Hine]] and Robert Evans
| architectural type =
| style = [[Gothic Revival]]
| groundbreaking = 1867
| completed date = 1868
| construction cost = £3,000
| closed date = 2003
| demolished date =
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| parish = [[Nottingham]]
| deanery =
| archdeaconry =
| archdiocese =
| episcopalarea =
| diocese = [[Diocese of Southwell]]
| province = [[Province of York|York]]
| presbytery =
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| archbishop =
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}}

'''St. Matthias' Church, Nottingham''' was a [[Church of England]] church in [[Sneinton]], Nottingham between 1868 and 2003.

It is a [[Grade II listed building]].

==History==

It was designed by [[Thomas Chambers Hine]] and Robert Evans.<ref>The Buildings of England: Nikolaus Pevsner, Nottinghamshire. 1979</ref> It was consecrated as a chapel of ease in the parish of [[St. Stephen's Church, Sneinton]] by [[John Jackson (bishop)|The Rt. Revd. John Jackson]] the [[Bishop of Lincoln]] on 6 May 1868. It was built for the sum of £3,000.(£{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|3000|1868|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|r=-1}}}} as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}),{{Inflation-fn|UK}}.

The chancel was damaged by enemy action during the [[Second World War]].<ref>http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=458580&mode=adv</ref>

==Incumbents==

*1869-1882 Frederick Armine Wodehouse<ref>Lists of the Clergy of Central Nottinghamshire, Thoroton Society Record Series XV, Keith Train. 1953</ref>
*1882-1890 Arthur Powys Woodhouse
*1890-1892 George Perry-Gore
*1892-1900 William Henry Castell Malton
*1900-1903 William Walker
*1903-1904 Anonymous
*1904-1912 Ralph Mowbray Howard
*1912-1931 John Henry Tomlinson
*1931-1954 Frederick Llewellyn Forsaith Rees
*1955-1990 Kenneth Leigh Bennett
*1990-1993 William Albert Porter
*1994-2002 Rodney Frederic Brittain Smith
*2003- Malcolm Crook

==Organ==

The three manual organ was by [[E. Wragg & Son]] dating from 1912. A specification of the organ can be found on the [http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N10643 National Pipe Organ Register].

==External links==
*[http://southwellchurches.history.nottingham.ac.uk/sneinton-st-matthias/hintro.php Detailed history of the church on the Southwell Diocesan Church History project]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Churches in Nottingham|Sneinton St. Matthias]]
[[Category:Grade II listed buildings in Nottinghamshire]]
[[Category:British churches bombed by the Luftwaffe|Nottingham]]

St. Matthias' Church, Nottingham

2013-02-23T04:04:33Z

121.216.208.70: /* Incumbents */

{{Infobox church
| name = St. Matthias' Church, Nottingham
| fullname =
| image = Geograph-1197086-by-Alan-Murray-Rust.jpg
| imagesize =
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| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| denomination = [[Church of England]]
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| churchmanship = [[Anglo Catholic]]
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| dedication = [[St. Matthias]]
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| heritage designation = [[Grade II listed building]]
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| architect = [[Thomas Chambers Hine]] and Robert Evans
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| style = [[Gothic Revival]]
| groundbreaking = 1867
| completed date = 1868
| construction cost = £3,000
| closed date = 2003
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| diocese = [[Diocese of Southwell]]
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'''St. Matthias' Church, Nottingham''' was a [[Church of England]] church in [[Sneinton]], Nottingham between 1868 and 2003.

It is a [[Grade II listed building]].

==History==

It was designed by [[Thomas Chambers Hine]] and Robert Evans.<ref>The Buildings of England: Nikolaus Pevsner, Nottinghamshire. 1979</ref> It was consecrated as a chapel of ease in the parish of [[St. Stephen's Church, Sneinton]] by [[John Jackson (bishop)|The Rt. Revd. John Jackson]] the [[Bishop of Lincoln]] on 6 May 1868. It was built for the sum of £3,000.(£{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|3000|1868|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|r=-1}}}} as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}),{{Inflation-fn|UK}}.

The chancel was damaged by enemy action during the [[Second World War]].<ref>http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=458580&mode=adv</ref>

==Incumbents==

*1869-1882 Frederick Armine Wodehouse<ref>Lists of the Clergy of Central Nottinghamshire, Thoroton Society Record Series XV, Keith Train. 1953</ref>
*1882-1890 Arthur Powys Woodhouse
*1890-1892 George Perry-Gore
*1892-1900 William Henry Castell Malton
*1900-1903 William Walker
*1900-1904 Anonymous
*1904-1912 Ralph Mowbray Howard
*1912-1931 John Henry Tomlinson
*1931-1954 Frederick Llewellyn Forsaith Rees
*1955-1990 Kenneth Leigh Bennett
*1990-1993 William Albert Porter
*1994-2002 Rodney Frederic Brittain Smith
*2003- Malcolm Crook

==Organ==

The three manual organ was by [[E. Wragg & Son]] dating from 1912. A specification of the organ can be found on the [http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N10643 National Pipe Organ Register].

==External links==
*[http://southwellchurches.history.nottingham.ac.uk/sneinton-st-matthias/hintro.php Detailed history of the church on the Southwell Diocesan Church History project]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Churches in Nottingham|Sneinton St. Matthias]]
[[Category:Grade II listed buildings in Nottinghamshire]]
[[Category:British churches bombed by the Luftwaffe|Nottingham]]